18.6. Types of measurements

18.6.1. Zend_Measure_Acceleration

Zend_Measure_Acceleration covers the physical factor of acceleration.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is meter per square second (m/s²).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Acceleration');

// define standard measurement unit
$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::ACCELERATION, $locale);

// convert to km/s²
echo $unit->convertTo(Zend_Measure_Acceleration::KILOMETER_PER_SQUARE_SECOND);
?>

18.6.2. Zend_Measure_Angle

Zend_Measure_Angle covers angular dimensions.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is radiant (rad).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Angle');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$angle = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::ANGLE, $locale);

// add a second angle
$second = new Zend_Measure(30,Zend_Measure::ANGLE, $locale);
$sum = $angle->add($second);

echo $sum->convertTo(Zend_Measure_Angle::DEGREE);
?>

18.6.3. Zend_Measure_Area

Zend_Measure_Area covers square measures.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is square meter ().

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Area');

// define another measurement... here hectare
$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$area = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure_Area::HECTARE, $locale);

// convert to the standard measurement unit Zend_Measure_Area::SQUARE_METER
echo $area->convertTo(Zend_Measure_Area::STANDARD);
?>

18.6.4. Zend_Measure_Binary

Zend_Measure_Binary covers binary convertions.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is byte (b).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Binary');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$binary = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure_Binary::MEGABYTE, $locale);

// convert to the measurement unit megabyte as defined by SI
echo $binary->convertTo(Zend_Measure_Binary::MEGABYTE_SI);
?>

[Note] Binary conventions

The terms kilo-, mega-, giga and so on... have to be seen, in the normal language use, for 1000 or 10³.

In the binary format for computers the terms kilo-, mega-, giga- and so on have to be seen for a convertion factor of 1024 instead of 1000.

To preclude confusions a few years ago the notation BI was introduced. Instead of kilobyte, kibibyte for kilo-binary-byte should be used.

In the class BINARY both notations can be found.

KILOBYTE = 1024 - binary conputer conversion KIBIBYTE = 1024 - new notation KILO_BINARY_BYTE = 1024 - new notation, long format KILOBYTE_SI = 1000 - SI notation for kilo (1000)

DVDs for example are marked with the SI-notation, but almost all harddisks are marked in computer binary notation.

18.6.5. Zend_Measure_Capacitance

Zend_Measure_Capacitance covers the physical factor of capacitance.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is farad (F).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Capacitance.');

// definition of the measurement as string
$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$capacity = new Zend_Measure('100 Farad',Zend_Measure::CAPACITANCE, $locale);

// output value
echo $capacity;
?>

18.6.6. Zend_Measure_Cooking_Volume

Zend_Measure_Cooking_Volume covers volumes which are used for cooking or written in cookbooks.

This class is a reduced version of the class Zend_Measure_Volume, but it covers only the measurement units which are needed for cooking.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is cubic meter ().

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Cooking_Volume');

// define the measurement unit as extended string
$locale = new Zend_Locale('de');
$rum = new Zend_Measure('You will need 10cl rum',Zend_Measure_Cooking_Volume::CENTILITER, $locale);

// output value
echo $rum;
?>

18.6.7. Zend_Measure_Cooking_Weight

Zend_Measure_Cooking_Weight covers the weights which are used for cooking or written in cookbooks.

This class is a reduced version of the class Zend_Measure_Weight, but it covers only the measurement units which are neededfor cooking.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is gram (g).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Cooking_Weight');

// extract the measurement unit from an localized string
$locale = new Zend_Locale('de');
$rum = new Zend_Measure('The cake needs 2,5g oil',Zend_Measure_Cooking_Weight::GRAM, $locale);

// output value
echo $rum;
?>

18.6.8. Zend_Measure_Current

Zend_Measure_Current covers the physical factor of current.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is ampere (A).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Current');

// extract the measurement unit from an localized string with number grouping
$locale = new Zend_Locale('de');
$unit = new Zend_Measure('1.200,50Ampere',Zend_Measure::CURRENT, $locale);

echo $unit->convertTo(Zend_Measure_Current::KILOAMPERE);
?>

18.6.9. Zend_Measure_Density

Zend_Measure_Density covers the physical factor of density.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m³).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Density');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::DENSITY, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.10. Zend_Measure_Energy

Zend_Measure_Energy covers the physical factor of energy.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is joule (J).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Energy');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::ENERGY, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.11. Zend_Measure_Force

Zend_Measure_Force covers the physical factor of force.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is newton (N).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Energy');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('de');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::ENERGY, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.12. Zend_Measure_Flow_Mass

Zend_Measure_Flow_Mass covers the physical factor of flow rate. The weight of the flowing mass is used as reference point within this class.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is kilogram per second (kg/s).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Flow_Mass');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::FLOW_MASS, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.13. Zend_Measure_Flow_Mole

Zend_Measure_Flow_Mole covers the physical factor of flow rate. The density of the flowing mass is used as reference point within this class.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is mole per second (mol/s).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Flow_Mole');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::FLOW_MOLE, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.14. Zend_Measure_Flow_Volume

Zend_Measure_Flow_Volume covers the physical factor of flow rate. The volume of the flowing mass is used as reference point within this class.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is cubic meter per second (m³/s).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Flow_Volume');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::FLOW_VOLUME, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.15. Zend_Measure_Frequency

Zend_Measure_Frequency covers the physical factor of frequency.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is hertz (Hz).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Frequency');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::FREQUENCY, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.16. Zend_Measure_Illumination

Zend_Measure_Illumination covers the physical factor of light density.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is lux (lx).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Illumination');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::ILLUMINATION, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.17. Zend_Measure_Length

Zend_Measure_Length covers the physical factor of length.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is meter (m).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Length');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::LENGTH, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.18. Zend_Measure_Lightness

Zend_Measure_Lightness covers the physical factor of light energy.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is candela per square meter (cd/m²).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Lightness');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::LIGHTNESS, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.19. Zend_Measure_Number

Zend_Measure_Number can convert between number formats.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard unit is decimal.

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Number');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$binary = new Zend_Measure('10010110',Zend_Measure_Number::BINARY, $locale);

// convert to roman number format
echo $binary->convertTo(Zend_Measure_Number::ROMAN);
?>

The best known number format is the decimal system.

Additionaly this class covers the octal system, the hexadecimal system, the binary system, the roman number format and a few not so familiar systems.

[Note] Be aware

Be aware that only the decimal part of numbers is handled. The fractional part will be stripped.

[Note] Roman numbers

For the roman numbersystem digits greater 4000 are supported. In reality these digits are shown with a crossbeam on top of the digit.

As the crossbeam can not be shown within the computer, an underline has to be used instead of it.

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Number');

$great = '_X';
$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure($great,Zend_Measure_Number::ROMAN, $locale);

// convert to the decimal system
echo $unit->convertTo(Zend_Measure_Number::DECIMAL);
?>

18.6.20. Zend_Measure_Power

Zend_Measure_Power covers the physical factor of power.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is watt (W).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Power');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::POWER, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.21. Zend_Measure_Pressure

Zend_Measure_Pressure covers the physical factor of pressure.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is newton per square meter (N/m²).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Pressure');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::PRESSURE, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.22. Zend_Measure_Speed

Zend_Measure_Speed covers the physical factor of speed.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is meter per second (m/s).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Speed');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::SPEED, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.23. Zend_Measure_Temperature

Zend_Measure_Temperature covers the physical factor of temperature.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is kelvin (K).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Temperature');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::TEMPERATURE, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.24. Zend_Measure_Torque

Zend_Measure_Torque covers the physical factor of torque.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is newton meter (Nm).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Torque');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::TORQUE, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.25. Zend_Measure_Viscosity_Dynamic

Zend_Measure_Viscosity_Dynamic covers the physical factor of viscosity. The weight of the fluid is used as reference point within this class.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is kilogram per meter second (kg/ms).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Viscosity_Dynamic');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::VISCOSITY_DYNAMIC, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.26. Zend_Measure_Viscosity_Kinematic

Zend_Measure_Viscosity_Kinematic covers the physical factor of viscosity. The distance of the flown fluid is used as reference point within this class.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is square meter per second (m²/s).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Viscosity_Kinematic');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::VISCOSITY_KINEMATIC, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.27. Zend_Measure_Volume

Zend_Measure_Volume covers the physical factor of volume (content).

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is cubic meter ().

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Volume');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::VOLUME, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>

18.6.28. Zend_Measure_Weight

Zend_Measure_Weight covers the physical factor of weight.

[Note] Standard unit

The standard measurement unit is kilogram (kg).

<?php
require_once 'Zend.php';
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure');
Zend::loadClass('Zend_Measure_Weight');

$locale = new Zend_Locale('en');
$unit = new Zend_Measure(100,Zend_Measure::WEIGHT, $locale);

echo $unit;
?>