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# 28.3 使用内核级PPP

Parts originally contributed by Gennady B. Sorokopud 和 Robert Huff.

> 警告: 这节内容只在 FreeBSD 7.X 上可用。

## 28.3.1 设立内核级PPP

在开始配置 PPP 之前， 请确认 `pppd` 已经存放在 `/usr/sbin` 中， 并且 `/etc/ppp` 目录是存在的。

`pppd`能在两种模式下工作：

1. 作为一个 “客户” ── 您要通过PPP串行线或modem线把您的机器连接到互联网上。

2. 作为“服务器” ──计算机已经位于网络上， 且被用于通过PPP与其它计算机连接。

两种情况您都需要设立一个选项文件， (`/etc/ppp/options` 或者是 `~/.ppprc` 如果您的计算机有多个用户使用PPP)。

您还需要一些modem/serial软件(`comms/kermit`就很适合)， 使您能够拨号并与远程主机建立连接。

## 28.3.2 使用`pppd`作为客户端

Based on information provided by Trev Roydhouse.

下面这个 `/etc/ppp/options`选项文件能够被用来与CISCO终端服务器的 PPP线连接。

    crtscts         # enable hardware flow control
    modem           # modem control line
    noipdefault     # remote PPP server must supply your IP address
                    # if the remote host does not send your IP during IPCP
                    # negotiation, remove this option
    passive         # wait for LCP packets
    domain ppp.foo.com      # put your domain name here

    :remote_ip    # put the IP of remote PPP host here
                    # it will be used to route packets via PPP link
                    # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
                    # change this line to local_ip:remote_ip

    defaultroute    # put this if you want that PPP server will be your
                    # default router

连接：

1. 使用 Kermit (或其他 modem 程序来拨号)， 然后输入您的用户名和口令 (或在远程主机上启用 PPP 所需的其他信息)。

2. 退出 Kermit (并不挂断连接)。

3. 键入下面这行：

       # /usr/sbin/pppd /dev/tty01 19200

   一定要使用正确的速度和设备名。

现在您的计算机已经用PPP连接。 如果连接失败， 您可在文件 `/etc/ppp/options` 中添加 `debug` 选项， 并查看控制台信息以跟踪问题。

下面这个`/etc/ppp/pppup`脚本能自动完成这三个步骤：

    #!/bin/sh
    pgrep -l pppd
    pid=`pgrep pppd`
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
            kill ${pid}
    fi
    pgrep -l kermit
    pid=`pgrep kermit`
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
            kill -9 ${pid}
    fi

    ifconfig ppp0 down
    ifconfig ppp0 delete

    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial
    pppd /dev/tty01 19200

`/etc/ppp/kermit.dial` 是一个 Kermit 脚本， 它会完成拨号， 并在远程主机上完成所有需要的身份验证过程 (这份文档的最后有一个脚本实例)。

使用下面这个脚本`/etc/ppp/pppdown`断开PPP连线：

    #!/bin/sh
    pid=`pgrep pppd`
    if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
            kill -TERM ${pid}
    fi

    pgrep -l kermit
    pid=`pgrep kermit`
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
            kill -9 ${pid}
    fi

    /sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down
    /sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete
    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup
    /etc/ppp/ppptest

通过执行`/usr/etc/ppp/ppptest`， 看看`pppd` 是否仍在运行：

    #!/bin/sh
    pid=`pgrep pppd`
    if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE}
    else
            echo 'No pppd running.'
    fi
    set -x
    netstat -n -I ppp0
    ifconfig ppp0

执行脚本 `/etc/ppp/kermit.hup`以挂起moderm， 这个文件包含：

    set line /dev/tty01	; put your modem device here
    set speed 19200
    set file type binary
    set file names literal
    set win 8
    set rec pack 1024
    set send pack 1024
    set block 3
    set term bytesize 8
    set command bytesize 8
    set flow none

    pau 1
    out +++
    inp 5 OK
    out ATH0\13
    echo \13
    exit

也可以用`chat` 代替`kermit`：

以下两个文件用以建立`pppd`连接。

`/etc/ppp/options`：

    /dev/cuad1 115200

    crtscts		# enable hardware flow control
    modem		# modem control line
    connect "/usr/bin/chat -f /etc/ppp/login.chat.script"
    noipdefault	# remote PPP serve must supply your IP address
    	        # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during
                    # IPCP negotiation, remove this option
    passive         # wait for LCP packets
    domain your.domain	# put your domain name here

    :		# put the IP of remote PPP host here
    	        # it will be used to route packets via PPP link
                    # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
                    # change this line to local_ip:remote_ip

    defaultroute	# put this if you want that PPP server will be
    	        # your default router

`/etc/ppp/login.chat.script`：

> 注意: 以下的内容应该放在一行内。

    ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' "" AT OK ATDTphone.number
      CONNECT "" TIMEOUT 10 ogin:-\\r-ogin: login-id
      TIMEOUT 5 sword: password

一旦这些被安装且修改正确， 您所要做的就是运行`pppd`， 就像这样：

    # pppd

## 28.3.3 使用`pppd`作为服务器

`/etc/ppp/options`要包括下面这些内容：

    crtscts                         # Hardware flow control
    netmask 255.255.255.0           # netmask (not required)
    192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165  # IP's of local and remote hosts
                                    # local ip must be different from one
                                    # you assigned to the Ethernet (or other)
                                    # interface on your machine.
                                    # remote IP is IP address that will be
                                    # assigned to the remote machine
    domain ppp.foo.com              # your domain
    passive                         # wait for LCP
    modem                           # modem line

下面这个脚本`/etc/ppp/pppserv` 使pppd以服务器方式启动：

    #!/bin/sh
    pgrep -l pppd
    pid=`pgrep pppd`
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
            kill ${pid}
    fi
    pgrep -l kermit
    pid=`pgrep kermit`
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
            kill -9 ${pid}
    fi

    # reset ppp interface
    ifconfig ppp0 down
    ifconfig ppp0 delete

    # enable autoanswer mode
    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans

    # run ppp
    pppd /dev/tty01 19200

使用脚本`/etc/ppp/pppservdown`停止服务器：

    #!/bin/sh
    pgrep -l pppd
    pid=`pgrep pppd`
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
            kill ${pid}
    fi
    pgrep -l kermit
    pid=`pgrep kermit`
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
            kill -9 ${pid}
    fi
    ifconfig ppp0 down
    ifconfig ppp0 delete

    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans

下面的 Kermit 脚本 (`/etc/ppp/kermit.ans`) 能够启用/禁用您 modem 的自动应答模式。 其内容类似下面这样：

    set line /dev/tty01
    set speed 19200
    set file type binary
    set file names literal
    set win 8
    set rec pack 1024
    set send pack 1024
    set block 3
    set term bytesize 8
    set command bytesize 8
    set flow none

    pau 1
    out +++
    inp 5 OK
    out ATH0\13
    inp 5 OK
    echo \13
    out ATS0=1\13   ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable
                    ; autoanswer mode
    inp 5 OK
    echo \13
    exit

一个名为`/etc/ppp/kermit.dial`的脚本用于向远程主机 进行拨号和验证。 您要根据需要定制它。 要加入您的登寻名和密码， 您还要根据 modem 和远程主机的反应修改输入语句。

    ;
    ; put the com line attached to the modem here:
    ;
    set line /dev/tty01
    ;
    ; put the modem speed here:
    ;
    set speed 19200
    set file type binary            ; full 8 bit file xfer
    set file names literal
    set win 8
    set rec pack 1024
    set send pack 1024
    set block 3
    set term bytesize 8
    set command bytesize 8
    set flow none
    set modem hayes
    set dial hangup off
    set carrier auto                ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary,
    set dial display on             ; Then SET DIAL if necessary,
    set input echo on
    set input timeout proceed
    set input case ignore
    def \%x 0                       ; login prompt counter
    goto slhup

    :slcmd                          ; put the modem in command mode
    echo Put the modem in command mode.
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
    pause 1
    output +++                      ; hayes escape sequence
    input 1 OK\13\10                ; wait for OK
    if success goto slhup
    output \13
    pause 1
    output at\13
    input 1 OK\13\10
    if fail goto slcmd              ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again

    :slhup                          ; hang up the phone
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
    pause 1
    echo Hanging up the phone.
    output ath0\13                  ; hayes command for on hook
    input 2 OK\13\10
    if fail goto slcmd              ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode

    :sldial                         ; dial the number
    pause 1
    echo Dialing.
    output atdt9,550311\13\10               ; put phone number here
    assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter

    :look
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
    increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds
    input 1 {CONNECT }
    if success goto sllogin
    reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10}
    if success goto sldial
    reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10}
    if success goto slnodial
    reinput 1 {\255}
    if success goto slhup
    reinput 1 {\127}
    if success goto slhup
    if < \%x 60 goto look
    else goto slhup

    :sllogin                        ; login
    assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter
    pause 1
    echo Looking for login prompt.

    :slloop
    increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
    output \13
    ;
    ; put your expected login prompt here:
    ;
    input 1 {Username: }
    if success goto sluid
    reinput 1 {\255}
    if success goto slhup
    reinput 1 {\127}
    if success goto slhup
    if < \%x 10 goto slloop         ; try 10 times to get a login prompt
    else goto slhup                 ; hang up and start again if 10 failures

    :sluid
    ;
    ; put your userid here:
    ;
    output ppp-login\13
    input 1 {Password: }
    ;
    ; put your password here:
    ;
    output ppp-password\13
    input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.}
    echo
    quit

    :slnodial
    echo \7No dialtone.  Check the telephone line!\7
    exit 1

    ; local variables:
    ; mode: csh
    ; comment-start: "; "
    ; comment-start-skip: "; "
    ; end:

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