org.apache.commons.math3.genetics

## Class UniformCrossover<T>

- java.lang.Object
- - org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossover<T>

Type Parameters:
  `T` - generic type of the `AbstractListChromosome`s for crossover

All Implemented Interfaces:
  CrossoverPolicy

    public class UniformCrossover<T>
    extends java.lang.Object
    implements CrossoverPolicy

Perform Uniform Crossover [UX] on the specified chromosomes. A fixed mixing ratio is used to combine genes from the first and second parents, e.g. using a ratio of 0.5 would result in approximately 50% of genes coming from each parent. This is typically a poor method of crossover, but empirical evidence suggests that it is more exploratory and results in a larger part of the problem space being searched.

This crossover policy evaluates each gene of the parent chromosomes by chosing a uniform random number `p` in the range [0, 1]. If `p` < `ratio`, the parent genes are swapped. This means with a ratio of 0.7, 30% of the genes from the first parent and 70% from the second parent will be selected for the first offspring (and vice versa for the second offspring).

This policy works only on `AbstractListChromosome`, and therefore it is parameterized by T. Moreover, the chromosomes must have same lengths.

Since:
  3.1
Version:
  $Id: UniformCrossover.java 1385297 2012-09-16 16:05:57Z tn $
See Also:
  Crossover techniques (Wikipedia), Crossover (Obitko.com), Uniform crossover

### Field Summary

Fields
`private double` `ratio` The mixing ratio.

### Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`UniformCrossover(double ratio)` Creates a new `UniformCrossover` policy using the given mixing ratio.

### Method Summary

Methods
`ChromosomePair` `crossover(Chromosome first, Chromosome second)` Perform a crossover operation on the given chromosomes.
`double` `getRatio()` Returns the mixing ratio used by this `CrossoverPolicy`.
`private ChromosomePair` `mate(AbstractListChromosome<T> first, AbstractListChromosome<T> second)` Helper for `crossover(Chromosome, Chromosome)`.

### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

### Field Detail

#### ratio

    private final double ratio

The mixing ratio.

### Constructor Detail

#### UniformCrossover

    public UniformCrossover(double ratio)
                     throws OutOfRangeException

Creates a new `UniformCrossover` policy using the given mixing ratio.

Parameters:
  `ratio` - the mixing ratio
Throws:
  `OutOfRangeException` - if the mixing ratio is outside the [0, 1] range

### Method Detail

#### getRatio

    public double getRatio()

Returns the mixing ratio used by this `CrossoverPolicy`.

Returns:
  the mixing ratio

#### crossover

    public ChromosomePair crossover(Chromosome first,
                           Chromosome second)
                             throws DimensionMismatchException,
                                    MathIllegalArgumentException

Perform a crossover operation on the given chromosomes.

Specified by:
  `crossover` in interface `CrossoverPolicy`
Parameters:
  `first` - the first chromosome.
  `second` - the second chromosome.
Returns:
  the pair of new chromosomes that resulted from the crossover.
Throws:
  `MathIllegalArgumentException` - iff one of the chromosomes is not an instance of `AbstractListChromosome`
  `DimensionMismatchException` - if the length of the two chromosomes is different

#### mate

    private ChromosomePair mate(AbstractListChromosome<T> first,
                      AbstractListChromosome<T> second)
                         throws DimensionMismatchException

Helper for `crossover(Chromosome, Chromosome)`. Performs the actual crossover.

Parameters:
  `first` - the first chromosome
  `second` - the second chromosome
Returns:
  the pair of new chromosomes that resulted from the crossover
Throws:
  `DimensionMismatchException` - if the length of the two chromosomes is different