## Artifact and Device Vocabulary

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Last Update: 12/13/02
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#$Artifact artifacts

> A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Artifact is an at least partially tangible thing which was intentionally created by an #$Agent (or a group of #$Agents working together) to serve some purpose or perform some function. In order to create an instance of #$Artifact, it is not necessary that an #$Agent create the matter out of which the #$Artifact is composed; rather, an #$Agent can create an instance of #$Artifact by assembling or modifying existing matter. Examples of #$Artifacts include a wooden flute that's been whittled from a tree branch, a sawhorse that's been put together out of boards and nails, and a coin that's been minted by embossing or by melting liquid silver into a mold. In addition to the obvious human artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), the collection #$Artifact also includes certain sorts of things made by #$Animals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams. Artifacts without any tangible parts are excluded from the collection #$Artifact; they are included in the collection #$Artifact-Intangible.
> guid: bd5907fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$InanimateThing-NonNatural #$Artifact-Generic
> direct generalization of: #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject #$Weapon #$DefenseSystem #$ArtificialMaterial #$OutdoorRecreationArea #$DrugProduct #$Form-StandardizedIBO #$HumanOccupationConstructObject #$TextileProduct #$MilitaryEquipment #$ArtObject #$BuildingMaterial #$Shaft #$PhysicalDevice #$ConstructionArtifact

#$PhysicalDevice devices

> A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$PhysicalDevice is an artifact with a relatively rigid, set shape, designed for a specific use or to perform a specific function. Specializations of #$PhysicalDevice thus include (among others) #$RoadVehicle, #$Motorboat, #$HandTool, and #$PlumbingFixture. Note that artifacts which can only be used in a very loose or metaphorical sense, such as instances of #$Sculpture, #$FlowerBed, or #$Advertisement-IBT, are _not_ instances of #$PhysicalDevice. Moreover, artifacts which have a specific use or function, but which do not have a relatively rigid, set shape are _not_ instances of #$PhysicalDevice; for this reason, neither #$GasolineFuel nor #$AntiFreeze are specializations of #$PhysicalDevice.
> guid: bd58c72f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SinglePurposeDevice
> direct generalization of: #$WindPoweredDevice #$Tool #$TransportationDevice #$PrepaidTelephoneCard #$PlumbingFixture #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice #$Balloon #$ControlDevice #$ContainerProduct #$CleaningDevice #$InformationRecordingDevice #$MilitaryHardware #$Weapon #$Device-UserControlled #$MeasuringDevice #$NavigationDevice #$PoweredDevice #$SinglePurposeDevice #$NonPoweredDevice #$SeatingDevice #$MechanicalDevice #$Device-SingleUser

#$ArtificialMaterial artificial substances **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of substances; a subcollection of #$Artifact. An instance of #$ArtificialMaterial is a portion of artificial stuff that was intentionally made by some agent(s), such as #$Plastic or #$SweetNLow. Since #$ArtificialMaterials are intentionally produced, this class does not normally include materials which are merely #$byProducts or #$wasteProducts of an intentional process. However, what is a by-product at one time or in one context may be a useful material that would count as an instance of #$ArtificialMaterial in another.
> guid: bd590222-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Artifact #$Artifact-NonAgentive
> direct generalization of: #$Concrete #$Plastic #$MetalAlloy

#$BuildingMaterial construction materials

> #$BuildingMaterial is a specialization of #$Artifact-NonAgentive and #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$BuildingMaterial is a material thing typically used in making new structures. Instances of #$BuildingMaterial include a piece of lumber, a brick, a slab of concrete, a roof shingle, a copper nail, a double-paned storm window, etc.
> guid: c10af48b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ConventionalClassificationType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Artifact-NonAgentive #$Artifact #$PartiallyTangibleProduct
> direct generalization of: #$Concrete

### Specializations Of Physical Device

Note: Only higher level collections have been released. More specific collections, such as #$Chair, #$Telephone, and #$Hammer, have been omitted.

#$NonPoweredDevice non-powered devices

> A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$NonPoweredDevice is a device which does not need to have any kind of energy supplied to it in order for it to perform its intended function. Examples of #$NonPoweredDevices include tables, floor mats, bookshelves, shirts, and coat hangars. A hammer would not be an instance of #$NonPoweredDevice, since it requires kinetic energy to perform its intended function.
> guid: bd59041c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Artifact-NonAgentive #$PhysicalDevice
> direct generalization of: #$Connector #$PhysicalFilter #$ProtectiveAttire #$Clothing-Generic

#$SomethingToWear wearable items

> #$SomethingToWear is a specialization of #$DurableGoods, #$Device-SingleUser, #$PersonalProduct, and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$SomethingToWear is an object that a mannequin or an animal (usually a person) wears on its body, i.e., in a #$WearingSomething event. It is worth remarking that, in such an event, the wearer doesn't have to exert any intentional effort to continue wearing the object. For example, shirts remain on people's torsos, hats stay on heads, rings on fingers; once in place, dog collars stay on dogs, saddles stay on horses. By contrast, a hula hoop is NOT an example of #$SomethingToWear. A borderline case is a #$Purse, which at first blush seems to be something to wear, yet requires carrying by the performer, hence is not a member of this collection. Similarly, a briefcase is not an instance of #$SomethingToWear.
> guid: bd5904a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PersonalProduct #$PortableObject #$Device-SingleUser #$DurableGood
> direct generalization of: #$Clothing-Generic #$ProtectiveAttire

#$PlumbingTool plumbing tools **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of objects; a subset of #$Tool. An instance of #$PlumbingTool is any tool used in installing or repairing parts of plumbing systems (pipes, faucets, drains, etc.) --- such tools include wrenches, plungers, etc.
> guid: bd590986-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Tool

#$ControlPanel control panels **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of tangible things. An instance of #$ControlPanel is the physical part of a device where all (or most) of the controls for the device are located. E.g., the instrument panel of a car or plane. Note: A device's control panel may be unattached from (and used to control) the rest of the device --- e.g., a TV remote control. So in some contexts, the TV is a compound object consisting of two physically separated parts; in other contexts, the remote control is a separate device (a #$ControlDevice) from the TV. See also #$ControlDevice.
> guid: c10b6787-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice

#$SprayContainer sprayer **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of tangible objects, containers which are designed to spray out their contents, and which are more or less self-contained systems for doing so. An instance of #$SprayContainer is a container for liquids which has a part that causes the contents to spread out into a mist when they are emitted. Aerosol cans, plant sprayers, and inhalant devices (e.g., for asthma medication) are all instances of #$SprayContainer. Non-examples include lawn sprinklers, the spray nozzles that fit on the end of hoses, a rain cloud, a runny nose, etc. A borderline example includes the case where a powder is being sprayed, rather than a liquid.
> guid: c0fd676a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ContainerProduct

#$AgriculturalImplement farm implements **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$AgriculturalImplement is a device which is intended for use in some agricultural activity. These include rotary tillers, plows, hoes, pitchforks, mechanical planters, threshing machines, hay balers, and so on.
> guid: bd589cee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MechanicalDevice

#$Handle handles (parts) (devices) (artifacts) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of devices. Each instance of #$Handle is a part (it might be a detachable part, it might be a specially shaped region of a thing) of another object, of which it is the handle. Each instance of #$Handle is a physical device which is designed to be grasped with the human hand in such a way that the grasper can more easily control his or her orientation to the object that the handle is attached to. In most cases, handles are intended to help in manipulating the object, by allowing the user to move the object in a more controlled way than s/he could without the handle. Handles are found on cookware, suitcases, crutches, doors, hand-held and hand-powered tools -- in fact, on most artifacts that humans need to manipulate frequently and which are bigger and heavier than a dinner plate or a book. In other, less common cases, handles are provided on objects (a) to facilitate moving oneself around the object (rather than vice versa), e.g., handles on a pommel horse or other exercise equipment, or on a ladder, in a spacecraft, or pounded into a rock face; or (b) for holding oneself stationary with respect to some moving object, e.g., handles inside a subway car. Note that handles are sometimes used to perform other functions, such as hanging one's dry cleaning from the little handle above the rear door of a passenger car.
> guid: bd58cf50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$RegionType
> direct specialization of: #$NonPoweredDevice #$Protrusion

#$HeatingDevice heater

> A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$HeatingDevice is a device whose primary function (see the predicate #$primaryFunction) is to generate heat to raise the temperature of something else. The thing being heated might be in gaseous form (for example, the air in a room), in liquid form (for example, the water in a pool), or in solid form (for example, food in an oven). A given instance of #$HeatingDevice typically has some energy input, some way of converting that energy to heat, and some way of delivering the heat to the object(s) to be heated.
> guid: bd58befe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice

#$BuiltInDevice built-in devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A set of physical devices. An instance of #$BuiltInDevice is an object that is a device in and of itself, is also a part of another object, and typically was added to the other object when that object was constructed. Note: Its function may or may not be intrinsically dependent upon its being part of the object it was added to; e.g., the function of a built-in odometer is to measure miles driven on the car of which it is a part, but the intrinsic function of a built-in clock or CD player installed in that same automobile is not dependent on its being part of the automobile.
> guid: bd58f329-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice #$PartOfBuilding

#$SeatingDevice seats (devices) (solid objects)

> #$SeatingDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$SeatingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to serve as a sitting place for people. Types of seating devices include sofas, chairs, benches, camp and stadium stools, theatre seats, swings, bicycle seats, saddles, and more.
> guid: bd588351-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice

#$MultiPurposeDevice multi-purpose devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MultiPurposeDevice is a device which is designed to have more than one #$primaryFunction. See also #$SinglePurposeDevice. Of course even a #$SinglePurposeDevice might be employed for some unintended purpose, especially in an emergency.
> guid: bd58f268-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice

#$HardwareTool hardware tools

> #$HardwareTool is a specialization of #$Tool. Each instance of #$HardwareTool is an object used to perform a task, usually by applying a particular kind of force to another object. The tool is used to produce a physical effect in the position, structure, or arrangement of the other object. Specializations of #$HardwareTool include #$Hammer, #$Screwdriver, and #$HandSaw. Borderline nonexamples include eating utensils, robot servants, screws, nails, and levers.
> guid: bd58c122-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Tool

#$MechanicalDevice mechanical devices

> A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MechanicalDevice is a physical device which has at least one part that moves with respect to another one of its parts. Thus a spoon is not an instance of #$MechanicalDevice, but a pair of scissors is, as are more complex devices such as vacuum cleaners and the #$SpaceShuttleChallenger.
> guid: bd58d581-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CommodityProduct #$PhysicalDevice #$HumanScaleObject
> direct generalization of: #$FuelPoweredDevice #$Engine #$HouseholdAppliance #$SelfPoweredDevice

#$MixingDevice mixing device **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MixingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to mix up substances --- usually substances of some particular sorts (salads, paint, etc.) Typically, an instance of #$MixingDevice is used with some kind of container in which the stuff to be mixed is contained during the mixing. In some types of #$MixingDevice, the mixer is a #$BuiltInDevice with the container (e.g., a cement truck, a blender) and in some cases it isn't (e.g., a hand-held electric mixer that is designed to be held above any large bowl.)
> guid: bd58a7f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ElectricalDevice #$MechanicalDevice

#$Conveyance conveyances

> A collection of solid tangible objects each instance of which is used for moving partially tangible things. A #$Conveyance could be a car, ship, plane, or other vehicle for transporting people; it could be a conveyor belt or a grocery bag for moving goods; it could be a gun, a bow, or a cannon for launching projectiles. Notable specializations include #$TransportationDevice, whose instances actually move along with the things they transport, and #$Conveyance-Stationary, whose instances remain stationary while moving other things. Note that not all conveyances are artifacts, as (e.g.) horses and rivers can be used to convey things. See #$Conveying-Generic, #$TransportationEvent, and #$Conveying-Stationary for the different kinds of conveying events.
> guid: bd58d480-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SolidTangibleThing
> direct generalization of: #$TransportationDevice #$Conveyance-Stationary #$TransportationContainerProduct

#$TransportationDevice transportation devices

> A specialization of both #$Conveyance and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$TransportationDevice is an artifact designed to move an object from one location to another, by (for example) carrying, pulling, or pushing the transported object. Instances of this collection may or may not have their own power source (see #$SelfPoweredDevice). Those that do, such as automobiles and speedboats, constitute the specialization #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Other transportation devices (for example, instances of #$Wheelbarrow or #$Bicycle) require an external motive force. Because #$transporter and #$transportees are specializations of #$objectMoving, it follows that any object in the role of #$transporter moves as a whole with those objects playing the role of #$transportees. Consequently, since any instance of #$TransportationDevice has playing the role of #$transporter as its intended function, stationary objects which cause motion, such as conveyor belts, escalators, rocket launchers, and slingshots, are excluded from the collection #$TransportationDevice. Although they facilitate travel, ice skates, shoes, skis and other instances of #$WearableConveyance are also excluded from the collection #$TransportationDevice, since they are devices which are worn rather than ridden on, ridden with, or ridden in.
> guid: bd58d540-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$DurableGood #$PhysicalDevice #$Conveyance
> direct generalization of: #$LandTransportationDevice #$Spacecraft #$AirTransportationDevice #$WaterTransportationDevice #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle #$Platform-Military

#$AirTransportationDevice aircraft

> A specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$AirTransportationDevice is a device used for transporting either people or cargo through the air. Specializations of #$AirTransportationDevice include the collections #$Airplane, #$Helicopter, #$HotAirBalloon, and #$GroundToOrbitVehicle.
> guid: bd58ae50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$TransportationDevice
> direct generalization of: #$RotaryWingAircraft #$LighterThanAirCraft #$FixedWingAircraft #$MilitaryAircraft

#$LandTransportationDevice land vehicles

> A specialization of #$TransportationDevice. Each instance of #$LandTransportationDevice is a device used for transportation across land. Specializations of #$LandTransportationDevice include the collections #$Automobile, #$Snowmobile, #$Truck, #$HorseCarriage, #$BabyCarriage, #$Bus-RoadVehicle, and #$SkateBoard.
> guid: bd58d4ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HexalateralObject #$TransportationDevice
> direct generalization of: #$MilitaryLandPlatform #$ArmoredVehicle #$WheeledTransportationDevice #$TrackedVehicle #$RoadVehicle #$ConstructionVehicle

#$RoadVehicle motor vehicles

> A specialization of both #$LandTransportationDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. Each instance of #$RoadVehicle is a vehicle designed primarily for travel on roads (although some instances may also have limited off-road capabilities). Notable specializations of #$RoadVehicle include #$Automobile, #$Truck, and #$Bus-RoadVehicle. Since #$RoadVehicle is a specialization of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle, each instance of #$RoadVehicle is self-powered. Consequently, road transportation devices which are not self-powered (for example, all the instances of #$Bicycle) are not included in this collection.
> guid: bd58d3f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$WheeledTransportationDevice #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle #$TransportationContainerProduct
> direct generalization of: #$Bus-RoadVehicle #$Automobile #$Motorcycle #$RoadVehicle-InternalCombustionEngine

#$Automobile cars

> A specialization of #$RoadVehicle. Each instance of #$Automobile is a four-wheeled road vehicle designed for carrying about two to eight passengers. Notable specializations of #$Automobile include #$SportsCar, #$PickupTruck and #$Van. This collection does _not_ include motorcycles or tractor-trailers (since both motorcycles and tractor-trailers are not four-wheeled vehicles), nor does it include buses (since buses are designed to carry more passengers than instances of #$Automobile are designed to carry).
> guid: bd5895c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$RoadVehicleTypeByUse #$ProductByGenericType
> direct specialization of: #$RoadVehicle #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject

#$WaterTransportationDevice water crafts

> A specialization of #$TransportationDevice, each instance of which is a device used for transportation on or through water. (It is thus not to be confused with a collection of devices used for transporting water.) Specializations of #$WaterTransportationDevice include #$Ship and #$Sailboard. A particularly important specialization is #$Watercraft : the collection of water transportation devices that protect their passengers from getting wet. See also the second-order collection #$WaterVehicleTypeByDesign.
> guid: bd58c685-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$TransportationDevice #$HexalateralObject
> direct generalization of: #$Watercraft

#$Watercraft watercraft

> A specialization of #$WaterTransportationDevice. Each instance of this collection is a device for transporting people and/or objects over water (i.e. on the surface) or through water (i.e. under the surface) without getting them wet. Positive examples include all instances of #$Submarine, #$Rowboat, and #$Ship. Negative examples include jet-skis and all instances of #$Surfboard and #$Sailboard. See also #$WaterVehicleTypeByDesign.
> guid: bd58bee7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$WaterVehicleTypeByDesign
> direct specialization of: #$TransportationContainerProduct #$WaterTransportationDevice
> direct generalization of: #$Watercraft-Surface #$Watercraft-Subsurface #$MilitaryWatercraft

#$CollapsibleDevice collapsible devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of mechanical devices. An instance of #$CollapsibleDevice is a device that is designed so that its shape (i.e., configuration of its parts) can be changed by collapsing (and uncollapsing) it. This is a secondary function of some devices so that they can take up less space when they aren't being used for their #$primaryFunction. (So #$CollapsibleDevices are typically devices that either aren't used often and/or must be kept or carried in a small space.) Most #$CollapsibleDevices are collapsed in their storage (or unused) state and unfolded during use; e.g., instances of #$SofaBed, #$FoldingChair, and #$FoldingTable, also, #$EyeGlasses and most elements of #$TentTheShelter. See also #$Collapsible (a #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute). Note: A marginal case, one which is better left outside this collection, is a collapsable front/rear of a car. While it is a device, and collapsable, most of the things one would wish to state about a typical #$CollapsibleDevice would FAIL to be true for the crushable car end.
> guid: bd58cd3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MechanicalDevice

#$MagneticDevice magnetic devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MagneticDevice is a device whose functioning depends on magnetism and which incorporates magnetized parts as a fundamental (functional) component in its design. Typical instances include a compass, a VHS videotape, the VCR machine that tapes on it, an MRI machine in a hospital, etc. Note: a magnet itself is not actually a #$PhysicalDevice, since it has no moving parts, hence is not a #$MagneticDevice.
> guid: c1008291-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MechanicalDevice

#$Shaft shafts

> A specialization of both #$Artifact and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$Shaft is an artifact that is long, straight, cylindrical, and rigid. Instances of #$Shaft are usually made of wood, metal, or plastic.
> guid: bd58e837-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Artifact-NonAgentive #$Artifact #$SolidTangibleProduct
> direct generalization of: #$WritingImplement

#$SafetyDevice safety devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of devices. An instance of #$SafetyDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to promote or ensure safety. For example, a #$LifePreserver, a #$SafetySeatBelt.
> guid: bd58cea3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice

#$SecurityDevice security devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$SecurityDevice is any device designed to protect people or goods from being harmed (or stolen) intentionally. Some instances of #$SecurityDevice accomplish this by keeping unauthorized or unwelcome intruders away from the people or materials in question (e.g., elements of #$AntiTheftDevice, #$PerimeterSensor). Others are designed to make it impossible or difficult to remove goods (e.g., elements of #$Lock). Compare with #$SafetyDevice, whose elements are designed to protect an object or animal against accidental harm. Of course some devices play multiple roles --- a single fence may be a security device to keep burglars out, and may protect toddlers from wandering in and falling into a swimming pool.
> guid: c1007f31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$DefenseSystem #$PhysicalDevice

#$NavigationDevice navigational devices

> A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$NavigationDevice is a device used for #$Navigating, i.e., for taking the bearings and plotting the course of someone or something travelling -- often in some transportation device -- through some medium. Notable specializations of #$NavigationDevice include #$Sextant and #$Compass.
> guid: bd58db99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanScaleObject #$PhysicalDevice

#$Navigating navigating events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The collection of all events in which the performer determines the location of an object in some frame of reference, and determines the direction the object should travel to reach some destination. Navigating usually involves using some devices (compass, clock, etc.) as aids
> guid: c0fd6e5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Evaluating

#$PoweredDevice mechanisms

> A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$PoweredDevice is a device that requires some power input in order to perform its intended function(s). The power supplied might be muscle power, kinetic energy, electricity, fuel-generated, and so on. Note that #$PoweredDevice and #$NonPoweredDevice partition the collection #$PhysicalDevice.
> guid: bd589472-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice
> direct generalization of: #$ElectricalDevice #$Ship #$CuttingDevice #$NuclearPoweredDevice #$ProjectileLauncher #$FuelPoweredDevice #$HouseholdAppliance #$Engine #$ComputationalSystem #$LightingDevice #$HeatingDevice #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice #$SolarPoweredDevice #$SelfPoweredDevice

#$ElectricalDevice electrical devices

> A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$ElectricalDevice is a device that requires an input of electrical current (as its #$energySource) in order to perform its intended function(s). Instances of #$ElectricalDevice include both complex devices (for example, instances of the collections #$StereoSystem or #$Computer) and simpler ones (for example, instances of the collection #$ElectricalComponent).
> guid: bd58d451-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice
> direct generalization of: #$ElectricalComponent #$ElectronicDevice

#$ElectricalComponent electrical components

> A specialization of both #$ElectricalDevice and #$PhysicalPartOfObject. Each instance of #$ElectricalComponent is an #$ElectricalDevice which is normally considered to be a part of some larger, more clearly distinguished #$PhysicalDevice (for example, clearly distinguished in the sense that it is sold or moved as a unit). Each instance of #$ElectricalComponent must be connected with other parts in order to perform its #$primaryFunction.
> guid: bd58d414-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ElectricalDevice

#$ElectronicDevice electronic devices

> #$ElectronicDevice is a specialization of #$ElectricalDevice. Each instance of #$ElectronicDevice is a device that uses electronic circuitry; more specifically, a device in which electricity passes through a vacuum or semiconductor. Notable specializations of #$ElectronicDevice include #$Telephone, #$VideoCamera, and #$Computer.
> guid: bd589095-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanScaleObject #$ElectricalDevice #$DurableGood
> direct generalization of: #$ComputerHardwareItem

#$Computer computers **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$ComputationalSystem, #$ElectronicDevice, and #$ComputerHardwareItem. Each instance of #$Computer is an electronic device that acts on input according to some set of instructions (often in the form of software -- see #$ComputerProgram-CW) producing some output. Instances of #$Computer have specialized parts to handle input and output (sometimes peripherals like screens and keyboards, sometimes just input-output terminals on a chip), storage (internal memory and external storage such as disk drives), and reasoning (see #$CentralProcessingUnit). The more specialized collection #$PersonalComputer is the collection of the popular archetypes of what a computer is (e.g., desktop, laptop, and palm computers); however, instances of #$Computer are incorporated into many devices (e.g., cars, cameras, and VCRs). Hydraulic computers, analog computers, biological computers, etc. are not instances of this collection because #$Computer is a specialization of #$ElectronicDevice.
> guid: bd58d7cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ComputerHardwareItem #$AccountSystem
> direct generalization of: #$ComputerServer #$Firewall-Network

#$ComputerInterfaceDevice computer interface devices

> A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice. Each instance of this collection is a device that allows a user to communicate with a #$Computer. One sigificant specialization of #$ComputerInterfaceDevices is #$ComputerInputDevice -- with its subsets #$ComputerKeyboard, #$Scanner-Optical, #$ComputerMouse, etc. Another is #$ComputerOutputDevice -- with its subsets #$MonitorPort, #$ComputerMonitor-Color, etc.
> guid: bd5907c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Individual

#$MusicalInstrument musical instruments **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$MusicalInstrument is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from #$MusicalInstrument are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection.
> guid: bd58c8e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Device-UserControlled

#$ElectronicHouseholdAppliance household electronic devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of electronic devices which are also household appliances. An instance of #$ElectronicHouseholdAppliance is a #$HouseholdAppliance which is electrically powered and controlled. Common instances of #$ElectronicHouseholdAppliance belong to the subsets #$HomeVideoGameMachine, #$TelevisionSet, #$AnsweringMachine, #$Telephone, #$LaserDiscPlayer, etc.
> guid: bd5889d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ElectronicDevice

#$AudioEquipment stereo components **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of electronic devices. An instance of #$AudioEquipment is a device that may be used in audio recording, playback, amplification, and/or reception. This collection doesn't include musical instruments. It does include both self-contained systems, e.g. boom boxes, and individual stereo components, such as microphones, amplifiers, etc.
> guid: c0fd507f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ElectronicDevice

#$ElectronicComponent electronic components **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of devices; a subset of #$ElectronicDevice. An #$ElectronicComponent is a device which is normally considered a part to another device (which in turn is a more meaningful entity, at least in this context. `More meaningful' might mean that the larger device is sold, moved, named,... as a unit.) An electronic component needs to be connected with other parts in order to perform its #$primaryFunction.
> guid: bd58be5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ElectricalComponent #$ElectronicDevice

#$ComputerHardwareItem computer hardware

> A specialization of #$ElectronicDevice and #$ComputerProduct. Each instance of this collection is either an entire #$Computer, or a device used with or in computers to accomplish some computing-related task (for instance, computer terminals, printers, keyboards, etc.).
> guid: bd5890d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ElectronicDevice
> direct generalization of: #$Computer

#$HeatingElement heating elements **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of focussed heat producing devices. An instance of #$HeatingElement may be a heating coil, stove top burner, Bunsen burner, etc. Heating elements are among the #$physicalParts of many kinds of heating devices, such as #$Ovens, heaters, toasters, #$CoffeeMakers, etc.
> guid: bd58be55-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HeatingDevice

#$SelfPoweredDevice self-powered devices

> A specialization of both #$MechanicalDevice and #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$SelfPoweredDevice has, as one of its internal parts, a device which converts some kind of potential energy into force. For example, a cordless electric drill would be an instance of #$SelfPoweredDevice, since it contains a battery and motor that convert electricity stored in the battery into kinetic energy. Other examples of #$SelfPoweredDevices are the instances of #$Automobile, which (typically) convert gasoline and battery power to get the energy to move. Of course, some muscle power is involved in operating both a cordless drill and an automobile, but in neither case is it the main part of the power. Negative exemplars of a #$SelfPoweredDevice include all instances of #$Bicycle (powered by the people who ride them), cable cars (since they are pulled along by cables embedded in the street) and subway trains (often powered by an electrified `third rail').
> guid: bd58d4bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice #$MechanicalDevice
> direct generalization of: #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice

#$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice devices powered by kinetic energy

> A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice does not have any on-board energy source incorporated into it, at least not one supplying the bulk of the power requirements of the device. Instead, its operating power is supplied by the kinetic energy from something else in motion -- such as animal muscle power (including human labor), wind energy, or hydraulic power. Specializations of this collection include #$Pulley and #$Piano-Acoustic. (Cf. #$SelfPoweredDevice, which includes, e.g., electric organs.)
> guid: bd58942f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice
> direct generalization of: #$WindPoweredDevice #$MusclePoweredDevice

#$WindPoweredDevice wind-powered

> #$WindPoweredDevice is a specialization of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$WindPoweredDevice is powered by the wind. Specializations of #$WindPoweredDevice include #$Windmill and #$Sailboat.
> guid: bd58ff2d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice

#$MusclePoweredDevice muscle powered devices

> #$MusclePoweredDevice is a specialization of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$MusclePoweredDevice is a device which is powered by animal muscle power (including human labor). Specializations of #$MusclePoweredDevice include #$Wagon, #$Bicycle, and #$Canoe.
> guid: bd5893ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Artifact-NonAgentive #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice
> direct generalization of: #$Wagon #$Device-UserPowered

#$AnimalPoweredDevice animal powered device **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$AnimalPoweredDevice is a device that is powered by animal muscle power and not by any human user, although a human user may control the device and/or direct the animal.
> guid: c0fd5dad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MusclePoweredDevice

#$Connector fastener

> A specialization of #$NonPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Connector is a device which connects two objects. An instance of #$Connector may be a part incorporated into one or both of the objects connected, or it may be a totally separate device. Notable specializations of #$Connector include #$Staple, #$Pin, and #$Nail.
> guid: bd58b973-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$NonPoweredDevice

#$HouseholdAppliance appliances

> A specialization of #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$HouseholdAppliance is a device used in one of the tasks typically carried on in a home, such as food preparation, food storage, laundry, household cleaning, personal cleaning, and cooling or heating the house for comfort. Specializations of #$HouseholdAppliance include the collections #$Oven, #$Refrigerator, #$ClothesDryer, #$VacuumCleaner, #$HotWaterHeater, and #$Furnace.
> guid: bd588993-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice #$MechanicalDevice #$HumanOccupationConstructObject

#$NuclearPoweredDevice nuclear-powered devices

> A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$NuclearPoweredDevice is a device which uses nuclear fission or fusion reactions as a source of its power. Specializations of #$NuclearPoweredDevice include #$NuclearSubmarine and #$NuclearAircraftCarrier.
> guid: c1009f53-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice

#$SolarPoweredDevice solar-powered devices

> A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$SolarPoweredDevice is a device which is powered by energy from sunlight. Instances of #$SolarPoweredDevice include solar-powered calculators and solar heating systems.
> guid: bd58b9b6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice

#$FuelPoweredDevice fuel-powered devices **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices; a subcollection of #$PoweredDevice. An instance of #$FuelPoweredDevice is directly powered by combustible fuels such as gasoline, coal, and natural gas. Common examples of #$FuelPoweredDevice include automobiles with gasoline-powered engines, kerosene heaters, propane torches, and jet airplanes.
> guid: bd58d2b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MechanicalDevice #$PoweredDevice
> direct generalization of: #$Helicopter #$FixedWingAircraft #$TrainEngine #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice

#$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice devices powered by an internal combustion engine **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice is a specialization of #$FuelPoweredDevice and #$SelfPoweredDevice. Each instance of #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice is a device powered by an internal combustion engine. Notable specializations of #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice include #$Motorcycle, #$Motorboat, and #$Bus-RoadVehicle.
> guid: bd58be57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType #$ProductType
> direct specialization of: #$FuelPoweredDevice #$SelfPoweredDevice
> direct generalization of: #$RoadVehicle-InternalCombustionEngine #$Motorboat #$ConstructionVehicle

#$Engine engines

> #$Engine is a specialization of #$PoweredDevice and #$MechanicalDevice. Each instance of #$Engine is a device that changes some form of energy into motion (usually rotation). An engine may operate by burning some type of fuel (as do jet engines and internal combustion engines), or it may be powered by electricity, fluid flow, etc. Some notable specializations of #$Engine are #$ElectricalMotor, #$ExternalCombustionEngine, and #$RocketEngine.
> guid: bd58cec4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice #$MechanicalDevice

#$Wire wires **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices, namely all the slender stringlike pieces of metal, with or without insulative casing. Various instances of #$Wire are designed for and serve many different functions: connecting, carrying electrical power and/or electrically coded information, heat or light radiation, etc. Pieces of wire may be coated with insulation (instances of #$InsulatingCover). Wires not intended to carry electricity are still instances of this collection; e.g., wires that are used in a piano, in a person's dental braces, etc.
> guid: bd58f5c3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CordlikeObject #$PhysicalDevice #$Artifact-NonAgentive

#$ContainerProduct container products

> #$ContainerProduct is a specialization of #$Container, #$PhysicalDevice, and #$Artifact-NonAgentive. Each instance of #$ContainerProduct is an object whose primary function (or one of whose main functions) is to be a container. Instances of #$ContainerProduct include storage containers for books, office records, food, clothing, tools, and materials; containers for transporting the same; passenger compartments of various kinds of vehicles; and artificial constructs for housing humans and animals. Specializations include #$Crib, #$Sandbox, #$OfficeSpace, and #$Coffin.
> guid: bd58cd8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Artifact-NonAgentive #$Container #$PhysicalDevice
> direct generalization of: #$FluidReservoir #$FoodVessel #$StorageConstruct #$TransportationContainerProduct #$HumanOccupationConstruct

#$HumanOccupationConstruct human occupation construct

> A specialization of both #$ConstructionArtifact and #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject. Each instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct is a construction artifact whose primary function is to serve as a place where people perform certain activities. Instances of #$HumanOccupationConstruct include instances of #$HumanShelterConstruction (e.g., houses), sub-regions within a #$HumanShelterConstruction which are intended for human use (e.g., rooms, shower stalls), and regions in any transportation vehicle which are designed for human occupancy (e.g., a cockpit, a passenger compartment). Note that some buildings which are not themselves instances of #$HumanOccupationConstruct, such as #$HooverDam, may have a sub-region which is a #$HumanOccupationConstruct (e.g., the control room at the top of the dam). Note also that the collection #$HumanOccupationConstruct is broad enough to include tents, boiler rooms, elevator shafts, steam tunnels, and the space inside the #$LincolnMemorialInWashingtonDC. Consequently, an instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct need not be completely indoors (see #$Indoors-IsolatedFromOutside), although it cannot be purely outdoors (see #$OutdoorLocation).
> guid: bd58a036-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject #$HexalateralObject #$ContainerProduct #$ConstructionArtifact
> direct generalization of: #$SubwayStation #$HumanShelterConstruction #$SpaceInAHOC

#$HumanShelterConstruction human shelter constructions

> A specialization of both #$ShelterConstruction and #$HumanOccupationConstruct. Each instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction is a place designed to shelter people from the elements by allowing them to get indoors. Specializations include #$ModernHumanResidence, #$SchoolBuilding, #$ShoppingMallBuilding, and many others. Each instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction must have a roof and typically has sides, though the latter may be flimsy (as in instances of #$TentTheShelter) or even absent (as in some instances of #$ParkingGarage).
> guid: bd58cd3f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanOccupationConstruct #$ShelterConstruction
> direct generalization of: #$HumanResidence #$ModernShelterConstruction #$PhysicalContactLocation #$Building

#$PhysicalContactLocation physical contact locations

> A specialization of #$Place, #$ContactLocation, and #$HumanShelterConstruction. Each instance of #$PhysicalContactLocation is the principal place where an #$Agent can be physically found. A person's physical contact location would typically be a home or office. For an organization, it typically would be the location of its place of business or its headquarters. Note that a purely procedural method for getting in touch with someone, such as their Post Office Box number in a certain city, is not a #$PhysicalContactLocation.
> guid: c10ad9b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ContactLocationType
> direct specialization of: #$Place #$HumanShelterConstruction #$ContactLocation
> direct generalization of: #$HumanResidence #$Workplace

#$Building buildings

> A specialization of both #$FixedStructure and #$HumanShelterConstruction. Each instance of #$Building is a (usually large) fixed structure with walls and a roof, and with some inside area or areas designed to be occupied by humans (but not necessarily as a residence). Examples include the #$EmpireStateBuilding, Hearst Castle, an #$AircraftHangar at O'Hare, a #$Lighthouse in the Mediterranean sea, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, and the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC.
> guid: bd58fb28-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanShelterConstruction #$RealEstate #$FixedStructure
> direct generalization of: #$RailroadStation-Physical #$OneStoryBuilding #$ThreeStoryBuilding #$TwoStoryBuilding

#$ModernShelterConstruction modern shelter constructions

> A specialization of both #$FixedStructure and #$HumanShelterConstruction. Each instance of #$ModernShelterConstruction is a construction artifact that provides comfortable shelter for humans during some of their daily activities. Instances of #$ModernShelterConstruction have the kinds of features found in modern-day buildings in Europe, the USA, and other technologically developed parts of the world, namely, amenities like doors, plumbing, electricity, and probably some kind of climate control system for maintaining humanly comfortable conditions indoors. Examples include the #$NewYorkHiltonAtBroadway, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, and instances of the collection #$ModernHumanResidence (e.g., a newly built home in a suburban development or a renovated brownstone in New York City).
> guid: bd58a081-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$RealEstate #$FixedStructure #$HumanShelterConstruction
> direct generalization of: #$ModernHumanResidence

#$FluidReservoir fluid reservoirs

> A specialization of #$ContainerProduct. Each instance of #$FluidReservoir is a container designed to hold fluids. Instances of #$FluidReservoir generally have an opening, which may be small and resealable (as in a #$Bottle) or large and open (as in a #$Tub). Note a special negative case: natural `reservoirs', such as #$Lakes, are not #$ContainerProducts -- though the #$Dams that create some of them are artifacts, the reservoir water is contained in the natural landscape -- and hence such reservoirs are not instances of #$FluidReservoir.
> guid: bd58f745-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ContainerProduct #$TopAndBottomSidedObject

#$FoodVessel food vessels

> A specialization of both #$ContainerProduct and #$FoodUtensil. Each instance of #$FoodVessel is a portable container designed for holding, storing, or preparing food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodVessel include the collections #$CookingVessel, #$EatingVessel, and #$FoodStorageContainer.
> guid: bd58a35c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ContainerProduct #$FoodUtensil

#$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice kitchen appliances

> A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice is a device designed to be used in the preparation of food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice include #$CoffeeMaker, #$SpiceMill, and #$ElectricalToaster.
> guid: bd588d6a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanOccupationConstructObject #$PhysicalDevice

#$LightingDevice lights (mechanisms) (devices) (artifacts)

> #$LightingDevice is a specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$LightingDevice has the #$primaryFunction of providing light. The light provided may be provided in different ways and for different specialized purposes. For example, it may be for general illumination of a fixed area (as by instances of #$Candle, #$Lantern, #$ElectricLamp, and #$Streetlight); or it may be for specially directed illumination (as by instances of #$AutomotiveLight and #$Flashlight); or it may be for use in a signal or sign (as by instances of #$TrafficLight and #$IndicatorLight); or it may be for some other special purposes (as by instances of #$StrobeLight).
> guid: bd58a5ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice

#$ControlDevice control devices

> #$ControlDevice is a specialization of #$ControlStructure-Physical and #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$ControlDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to control the behavior/functioning/properties of another thing (usually another instance of #$PhysicalDevice). Obvious instances of #$ControlDevice include: the remote control for one's TV (an instance of #$RemoteControlDevice), the brake pedal on one's car (an instance of #$Pedal-ControlDevice), the light switch on one's bedroom wall (an instance of #$ElectricalSwitch); a less obvious instance of #$ControlDevice is #$HooverDam (an instance of #$Dam).
> guid: bd59097b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ControlStructure-Physical #$PhysicalDevice

#$InformationRecordingDevice information recording devices **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$InformationRecordingDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$InformationRecordingDevice is a device used for the recording of sensory information (i.e., audio and visual, but not encoded as character strings.) So an instance would be your answering machine at home (an #$AnsweringMachine), your cam-corder (a #$VideoCamera), but NOT your address book or your copy of the Yellow Pages. Note: A borderline case is a #$PersonalDigitalAssistant (such as an Apple Newton) used to record handwritten script. If it then processes that information and converts it to ASCII characters, it has stopped being an #$InformationRecordingDevice as this constant is defined.
> guid: bd58feeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice

#$Weapon weapons

> A subcollection of #$PhysicalDevice instances of which are primarily designed as instruments for physically harming or destroying animals (often humans), buildings, or other #$ConstructionArtifacts. Subcollections of #$Weapon include #$Sword, #$Gun-Portable, and #$Bomb. Also included are various types of military hardware used to kill, destroy, or immobilize. Note that in the case of missile weapons, both the launcher and the unit of ammunition are considered #$Weapons in this sense. E.g. a bow, an arrow, a missile launcher, an ICBM, a gun, and a bullet are all #$Weapons.
> guid: bd58fc57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice
> direct generalization of: #$ConventionalWeapon #$DirectFireWeapon

#$MeasuringDevice measuring devices

> #$MeasuringDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$MeasuringDevice is a device used for measuring some quantity such as #$Distance, #$Volume, #$Temperature, etc. Specializations of #$MeasuringDevice include #$Thermometer, #$Scale-MeasuringDevice, and #$Odometer.)
> guid: bd590901-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice

#$MeasuringSomething measuring events

> A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction. Each instance of #$MeasuringSomething is an event in which an agent uses a physical device to measure some physical attribute of a tangible object. The last part of such an event involves the perception (and perhaps recording) of a result of the measurement (see the predicate #$measurementResult) by some instance of #$PerceptualAgent. See also the function #$MeasurementFn.
> guid: bd588524-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Evaluating #$UsingADevice

#$CarpentryTool carpentry tools **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of tools. An instance of #$CarpentryTool is any tool (not limited to hand tools) that is used in carpentry. Examples include table saws, jigsaws, hammers, woodworking tools, etc. By default, a carpenter would be skilled at using such tools.
> guid: bd58c9e9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HardwareTool

#$OpticalDevice vision aids **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$OpticalDevice is a device that affects light by either reflecting it, refracting it, causing its rays to converge or diverge, or more complicated combinations of such operations. Examples include devices whose function is to enhance human vision (e.g., each #$Mirror, each pair of #$EyeGlasses, each set of #$Binoculars), as well as devices that manipulate light for other purposes (e.g., instances of #$OpticalComputerStorageDevice and #$LaserDiscPlayer).
> guid: bd58ecdd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanScaleObject #$PhysicalDevice

#$PlumbingFixture plumbing fixtures

> A specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$PlumbingFixture is a device whose primary function is to be a functional, significant part of some plumbing system (see the constant #$PlumbingSystem-Building). Notable specializations of #$PlumbingFixture include #$Pipe-Plumbing, #$Toilet, and #$ShowerHead.
> guid: bd58f57a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PartOfBuilding #$PhysicalDevice

#$GardeningTool gardening tools **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of tools. An instance of #$GardeningTool is a tool (not limited to hand tools) which is used in gardening. This includes elements of the collections #$Hoe, #$Rake, #$PruningShears, #$PruningSaw, and more. Note that types of tools which are used in much more general contexts are not specifically included here as subsets -- e.g., #$Shovel. They are likely to have subsets worth distinguishing which ARE also subsets of #$GardeningTool. Note that a particular physical object might be a #$GardeningTool even if other members of the same class generally aren't; e.g., a soup spoon that you use for digging holes for plants in your garden one day is a #$GardeningTool that day.
> guid: bd58e3f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Tool

#$MedicalDevice medical tools **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of tools. Instances of #$MedicalDevice are physical implements or tools which are normally used in the practice of medicine. These include hand-held tools used by medical professionals, including scalpels, dental tools, stethoscopes. Other examples of this collection include devices such as a hospital beds, casts, slings, x-ray devices, etc.
> guid: bd58cd4a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice

#$ExplosiveDevice explosive devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$SelfPoweredDevice and #$Device-OneTimeUse. Each instance of #$ExplosiveDevice is a device designed to detonate (see #$HighExplosive) or deflagrate (see #$LowExplosive). Explosive devices may be used to make holes that help construct mines or swimming pools or flat areas for roads or house foundations; in the demolition/destruction/removal of buildings, tree stumps, and other sorts of property; in weapons of war or terrorism to harm or kill or deter people; or even as entertainment (e.g., fireworks -- see #$PyrotechnicDevice).
> guid: c10ae1f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SelfPoweredDevice

#$FurniturePiece pieces of furniture

> A specialization of #$DurableGoods, #$HumanOccupationConstructObject, and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$FurniturePiece is a durable artifact of a type that is typically used in human dwellings (see #$HumanShelterConstruction) to make them more comfortable. Many useful specializations of this collection can be classified according to the main function their instances serve. Such functions include: (i) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g. #$Bed-PieceOfFurniture and #$FootStool), (ii) providing work or activity surfaces (e.g. #$Desk-PieceOfFurniture and #$DiningRoomTable), (iii) providing organized or protective storage for one's belongings (e.g. #$Dresser-PieceOfFurniture and #$Bookcase-PieceOfFurniture), and (iv) providing illumination (e.g. #$ElectricLamp). Most pieces of furniture are #$NonPoweredDevices (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to serve their function; but of course there are plenty of exceptions to this, such as electric lamps, console TVs, and hospital beds. Note that #$FurniturePiece only includes _whole_ pieces of furniture; e.g. a sofa is an instance, but an arm of a sofa is not.
> guid: bd58d01d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SolidTangibleProduct #$HumanOccupationConstructObject #$TopAndBottomSidedObject #$DurableGood

#$Tool tools

> A specialization of both #$PhysicalDevice and #$Device-UserControlled (qq.v.). Each instance of #$Tool is a device that is used by people to manipulate or alter other objects or the immediate environment in some way. (Thus it does not include #$PomPoms, e.g.) #$Tools are typically controlled by their user during use and can be used more than once (so #$Tool is disjoint with #$Device-OneTimeUse). #$Tool includes devices used in many different activities, as shown by this sampling its subcollections: #$WoodworkingTool, #$PlumbingTool, some (but not all) kinds of #$MedicalDevices, #$CleaningImplement, and #$WritingImplement.
> guid: c0fce764-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Device-UserControlled
> direct generalization of: #$HardwareTool #$HandTool

#$CuttingDevice cutting implements

> A specialization of #$PoweredDevice. Each instance of #$CuttingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to (enable its user to) cut another object. Specializations of #$CuttingDevice include the collections #$Razor, #$Scissors, and #$LawnMower.
> guid: bd589153-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PoweredDevice

#$HandTool manual tools

> A specialization of both #$Tool and #$PortableObject. Each instance of #$HandTool is a portable tool which is hand-guided throughout its operation. Specializations of #$HandTool include the collections #$Screwdriver, #$ManualDrill, and #$BlowDryer.
> guid: bd58a0fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Tool #$Device-SingleUser #$PortableObject
> direct generalization of: #$CleaningImplement #$FoodUtensil #$WritingImplement #$GraspingImplement

#$CleaningDevice cleaning tools

> #$CleaningDevice is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice and #$SolidTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$CleaningDevice is a device, manually powered or otherwise, whose #$primaryFunction is to be used in cleaning things. Specializations of #$CleaningDevice include #$Mop, #$Dishwasher, #$ShoeBrush, and #$ClothesWasher.
> guid: bd58b64c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice
> direct generalization of: #$CleaningImplement

#$CleaningImplement cleaning implements

> A specialization of both #$HandTool and #$CleaningDevice. Each instance of #$CleaningImplement is a hand-held tool used for cleaning something. Notable specializations of #$CleaningImplement include #$Mop, #$DentalPick, #$WashCloth, #$FacialTissue, and #$ShoeBrush.
> guid: bd589192-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HandTool #$CleaningDevice

#$WritingImplement writing implements

> #$WritingImplement is a specialization of #$StationeryProduct and #$HandTool. Each instance of #$WritingImplement is a hand-held tool which is intended to be primarily used, by a person, for writing. Specializations include the collections #$Chalk-WritingImplement and #$WritingPen (but not #$Typewriter).
> guid: bd58ffe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HandTool #$Shaft

#$WritingByHand handwriting **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Writing is the formation of characters or symbols on a suitable surface for transmitting information.
> guid: bd588ca7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$SpreadingStuffOntoSurface #$SingleDoerAction #$MarkingOnASurface #$Writing

#$GraspingImplement grasping implements

> #$GraspingImplement is a specialization of #$HandTool. Each instance of #$GraspingImplement is a tool which is intended to be used to grasp (and often to subsequently immobilize or control the location/movement of) some other solid object. Specializations of #$GraspingImplement include #$Vise, #$Forceps, and #$Tweezers.
> guid: bd58c762-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HandTool

#$GraspingSomethingWithATool grasping with a tool **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of the events in which a tool is used to grasp some object.
> guid: bd58de3e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$HandlingADevice #$HoldingAnObject

#$Device-UserPowered user-powered devices

> A specialization of #$MusclePoweredDevice. Each instance of #$Device-UserPowered is an artifact deliberately designed to perform a particular function, and one which depends upon the physical efforts of the user to perform that function in part or in whole. A paradigm example would be a bicycle. However, the definition also leaves room for some counterintuitive cases -- for example, combs and forks also qualify as user-powered devices. Borderline cases would be devices which require effort on the part of the user to perform part of the function, but not all of it. For example, many gas-powered lawnmowers have to be pushed by hand, but use an internal combustion engine to impart the necessary velocity to the cutting surfaces.
> guid: bd5894f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MusclePoweredDevice
> direct generalization of: #$Canoe #$Bicycle #$Rowboat

#$Device-SingleUser single-user devices

> #$Device-SingleUser is a specialization of #$PhysicalDevice. Each instance of #$Device-SingleUser is a device that typically has exactly one (i.e., one and only one) user who is the only individual who derives the value of its single function at a single time. A screwdriver (an instance of #$Screwdriver) is a #$Device-SingleUser, but a grand piano (an instance of #$GrandPiano) is not. A borderline non-example is a multiple-passenger car --- although only one person operates it, several can use it at once, i.e. derive the value of its primary function (transportation). So a multiple-passanger car is not a #$Device-SingleUser. A borderline example is a telephone -- although it requires two or more users (each on telephones) for meaningful use, each phone generally has just one user at a time. So a telephone is a #$Device-SingleUser, but a telephone-circuit is not.
> guid: c10093ce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDevice
> direct generalization of: #$HandTool #$SomethingToWear

#$PortableObject portable objects

> A specialization of #$HumanScaleObject. Each instance of #$PortableObject is a tangible object that is not fastened down and is light enough for an average human (or, more to the point, for its average intended user) to move easily. For many instances of #$PortableObject, portability is important for the fulfillment of their primary functions; for example, an article of clothing (an instance of #$SomethingToWear), a hand-guided tool (an instance of #$HandTool), a coin or dollar bill (an instance of #$Currency), or a flashlight (an instance of #$Flashlight) would be pretty useless if they weren't portable. In other cases, making a device portable, or making a portable version of a device, simply provides a convenience, as with the subcollections #$PortableTelevision and #$PortableStereoSystem. Note that #$Tool is not a subcollection of #$PortableObject, since many tools are heavy and/or stationary. A borderline example of a #$PortableObject would be a heart/lung machine; although the beneficiary of its primary function is in no position to move it around, the physicians and nurses who also are using it can and do exactly that. The same goes for a playpen; the kids in it had better _not_ be able to move it around, but the adults who set it up and put them there can and do move it. A borderline non-example would be a car; even though its user can make it move around, that is more a controlling action than a transporting action --- i.e., the car is doing the transporting in that case, not the driver. A borderline example is a cat; even though it moves under its own power, it is light enough for its owner to pick it up and move it around. A borderline example is a bed or a dresser; though too heavy to lift, its owners can generally move it around (by sliding, disassembling and reassembling, and so on).
> guid: bd588131-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanScaleObject
> direct generalization of: #$DomesticPet #$OfficialDocument #$Card #$Paper-IBO #$Currency #$HandTool #$SomethingToWear

### States

#$DeviceState-Coll device state - coll **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A subcollection of #$AttributeValue. Each instance of #$DeviceState is a state in which some device can be. Instances of #$DeviceState include #$DeviceOn, #$OffHook, and #$Unlocked.
> guid: 10992938-74b2-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
> direct instance of: #$CollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$Collection

#$ChangingDeviceState changes of device state **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The collection of actions in which a device goes from one state (the #$fromState) to another state (the #$toState). A change of #$DeviceState may be due to an outside #$Agent adjusting a device, or it may happen automatically due to the behavior of a device. The two most general state changes (for powered devices) are from #$DeviceOn to #$DeviceOff, and vice versa. Many other states peculiar to specific devices can be identified; for example, the states of a #$Dishwasher include #$DeviceState-Washing and #$DeviceState-Rinsing; or the states that a trapping device may be in include #$TrapArmed, #$TrapTripped, #$TrapIdle. Note that a change in the state of a device is an intrinsic change in the device; i.e., #$ChangingDeviceState is a subcollection of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent.
> guid: bd58d12d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Action #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent #$PhysicalEvent
> direct generalization of: #$TurningOffPoweredDevice #$TurningOnPoweredDevice

#$toState to state **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used in connection with #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, to identify the #$AttributeValue a thing has immediately after the change. (#$toState EVENT VALUE) means that following the intrinsic-state-changing action, EVENT, the object undergoing the change is characterized by the the value VALUE of the relevant attribute. For example, after any X which is a #$TurningOnAnElectricalSwitch, the switch involved has (#$toState X #$DeviceOn).
> guid: bd64608d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$fromState from state **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used in connection with #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, to identify the #$AttributeValue that a thing has before the change. (#$fromState EVENT VALUE) means that immediately prior to EVENT (which is the intrinsic-state-changing action), the thing that is changed in EVENT has the value VALUE for the relevant attribute (and during the EVENT the thing changes from that to another value for that attribute). For example, prior to any X which is a #$TurningOnAnElectricalSwitch, the switch involved has (#$fromState X #$DeviceOff).
> guid: bd623b07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$ObtainingDeviceStateFn obtaining device state fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$ObtainingDeviceStateFn is a Cyc function and in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction. It is used to represent a collection of events in which a device of a certain type changes into a certain state of operation (see #$DeviceState). Thus, (#$ObtainingDeviceStateFn DEVICE STATE) returns the collection of events in which devices of type DEVICE change state to STATE. For example, (#$ObtainingDeviceStateFn #$Dishwasher #$DeviceState-Rinsing) represents all the events in which dishwashers switch into their rinse cycles. This function is quite useful because often one wants and needs to state rules of the form: after a certain triggering condition occurs, a state-change event of a certain type will be caused and will almost immediately occur. E.g., after a light switch is flipped off, after an elevator button is pushed, after #$DeviceState-Rinsing ends, etc.
> guid: bd58b216-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$Individual

#$stateOfDevice-Coll state of device - coll **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used to identify the state of operation that a particular device is in. (#$stateOfDevice DEV STATE) means that the #$PhysicalDevice DEV is in the #$DeviceState STATE. Thus, (#$stateOfDevice HAL #$DeviceOff) says that the computer HAL is switched off.
> guid: e34f3522-7f00-11d6-8000-0001023560cc
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$isa

### Action

#$ControllingSomething controlling events

> A specialization of #$PurposefulPhysicalAction (q.v.). Each instance of #$ControllingSomething is a purposeful physical action in which an agent intentionally controls an object (i.e. instance of #$SomethingExisting). It is not necessary that the agent touch the object being controlled (see #$objectControlled), only that s/he exercise control over some its movements, functioning, or actions. Specializations of #$ControllingSomething include #$GuidingAMovingObject (some instances of which involve a #$RemoteControlDevice), #$HandlingAnObject, #$Braking, #$SteeringADeviceByHand, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$CuttingFabric, #$CarryingWhileLocomoting, and #$FlushingAToilet. When a #$ControlDevice (q.v.) is being used by an agent for its primary function, a #$ControllingSomething event is typically taking place.
> guid: bd588c1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PurposefulPhysicalAction
> direct generalization of: #$HandlingAnObject #$DirectedTranslation #$ControllingAPhysicalDevice

#$HandlingAnObject handled

> A collection of events and a specialization of #$ActionOnObject, #$ControllingSomething, #$PhysicalContactEvent, and #$SensoryEvent (qq.v.). Each instance of #$HandlingAnObject is an event in which an object (see #$SomethingExisting) is touched and manipulated by some #$Agent. Specializations of this collection include #$HoldingAnObject and #$HandlingADevice (qq.v.).
> guid: bd588ca1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$ActionOnObject #$ControllingSomething #$PhysicalContactEvent
> direct generalization of: #$TakingOffAClothingItem #$PuttingOnAClothingItem #$MaterialHandling #$HoldingAnObject #$HandlingADevice

#$GuidingAMovingObject guided

> A specialization of #$DirectedTranslation. Each instance of #$GuidingAMovingObject is an event in which an agent guides or steers an object which is in translational (as opposed to rotational) motion. Notable specializations of #$GuidingAMovingObject include #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere, #$GuidingAnAnimal, and #$SteeringADeviceByHand.
> guid: c100601b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$DirectedTranslation
> direct generalization of: #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere #$HarvestingAPlant

#$HandlingADevice use of a device (handled) (actions on an object)

> A specialization of #$HandlingAnObject. Each instance of #$HandlingADevice is an event in which a device is manipulated (with the operator holding and touching the device) so that it can be used for its #$primaryFunction. Specializations of #$HandlingADevice include #$Pruning, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$OperatingAHouseholdAppliance, #$PumpingGasEvent, and #$WritingByHand.
> guid: bd588c5e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ControllingAPhysicalDevice #$HandlingAnObject #$HumanActivity
> direct generalization of: #$CuttingSomething #$GraspingSomethingWithATool

#$CuttingSomething cuts (separations) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$HandlingADevice and #$SeparationEvent. Each instance of #$CuttingSomething is an event in which some piece of material stuff is cut, whether or not a complete separation of parts occurs. Specializations of #$CuttingSomething include #$CuttingNails, #$Butchering, and #$CuttingFabric.
> guid: bd58a3ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$HandlingADevice #$SeparationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$CuttingInPieces

#$ControllingATransporter controlling a transporter **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events; a subset of #$HandlingADevice. Every instance of #$ControllingATransporter represents some action of an #$Agent in controlling an object which plays the role of #$transporter (q.v.) in some instance of #$TransportationEvent. The transporter could be a beast of burden, an automobile, an airplane, a bicycle, a wheelchair, etc. Instances of #$ControllingATransporter include the individual actions which are involved in controlling the direction and speed of a #$transporter, e.g., such actions as pressing buttons, moving levers, depressing pedals, and pulling reins. Elements of #$ControllingATransporter are not the gross actual movement, trajectory etc. of the transporter, and thus not elements of #$TransportationEvent. Of course a successful #$ControllingATransporter event will generally mean that there was some successful #$TransportationEvent too! I.e., if you successfully control the direction and speed of a car for a while, then presumably there was a transportation event in which that car transported you somewhere. And the various sub-events of the #$ControllingATransporter event can also be considered sub-events of that #$TransportationEvent --- in fact, the entire #$ControllingATransporter event can be considered a sub-event of that #$TransportationEvent.
> guid: bd588fc1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$HandlingADevice

#$TransportWithMotorizedLandVehicle transport with motorized land vehicle **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of transportation events; a subset of #$ControllingATransporter. An instance of #$TransportWithMotorizedLandVehicle is a transportation event that takes place on land using a motorized vehicle as the transporter. Examples include instances of the collections #$OffRoadMotorcycleRiding and some of the various #$TransportViaFns.
> guid: c0fe07f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ControllingAPhysicalDevice #$TransportInvolvingADriver

#$PoweringADevice powering **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events; a subset of #$HandlingADevice. An instance of #$PoweringADevice is an event in which a human or non-human animal #$Agent (or set of them) uses a device which is designed to transform some repetitive muscular motion into useful work, namely into providing the power for some device to function. E.g., a #$Rowing event is such an event, and causes (provides the power for) the device (the rowboat) to move. The same for #$PedalingABicycle . The same for pulling a covered wagon (in which case a team of horses may be providing the power.)
> guid: bd58e992-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$HandlingADevice

#$DeviceDamageAttribute-Coll device damage attribute **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of attributes. An instance of #$DeviceDamageAttribute represents a set of symptoms of device breakage -- attributes unlikely to be found in a working device. Some elements of #$DeviceDamageAttribute are: #$Torn, #$Bent, #$Burnt, and #$Fractured.
> guid: d48362a6-74b1-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
> direct instance of: #$CollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$Collection

#$DeviceStartingARun starting **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. An instance of #$DeviceStartingARun is an event in which some device begins its normal cycle of processes, e.g., an instance of #$AirplaneTakeOff. This is often --- but not always --- the same thing as a device going from the #$DeviceOff state to the #$DeviceOn state --- e.g., the airplane was `on' for many minutes before it took off. One could also define the collection dead-start-to-finish-airplane-flight, which would not start with an #$AirplaneTakeOff but rather with a true turning-on of power to the airplane, or even with the pre-ignition check of the aircraft and boarding of the crew.
> guid: bd58c7fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$DeviceRunning

#$DeviceFinishingARun device finishing a run **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. An instance of #$DeviceFinishingARun is an event in which some device finishes its normal cycle of processes, e.g., an instance of #$AirplaneLanding. This is often --- but not always --- the same thing as a device going from the #$DeviceOn state to the #$DeviceOff state --- e.g., the airplane stays `on' for many minutes before it took off. One could also define the collection dead-start-to-finish-airplane-flight, which would not end with an #$AirplaneLanding but with a true turning-off of the airplane, or even with the exiting of the last crewmember and the post-flight maintenance check of the aircraft.
> guid: bd58c7c0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$DeviceRunning

#$SingleCompleteRunOfADevice run cycles **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. An instance of #$SingleCompleteRunOfADevice is an event in which some device goes through exactly one complete cycle of the processes it normally executes. In essence, the device starts up, runs for awhile (maybe executing a more complex series of steps), then stops. The collection #$SingleCompleteRunOfADevice does not include random #$timeSlices of a device running, but only events which represent a whole cycle. For example, an instance of #$CompleteRunOfAnEngine in which my Honda Civic runs through the action of all four pistons of its mighty engine, is a #$SingleCompleteRunOfADevice. So is an instance of (#$TransportViaFn #$Airplane) Of course the engine will carry out many full cycles in the course of its lifetime, in fact even in the course of a single second; and the airplane will carry out many flights in the course of its lifetime, in fact even in the course of a single day perhaps.
> guid: bd58c780-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$DeviceRunning

#$DeviceRunning running

> A specialization of #$PhysicalEvent. Each instance of #$DeviceRunning is an event in which some device is running. This collection includes events which are complete cycles of a device's normal function (see the specialization #$SingleCompleteRunOfADevice), as well as random time slices (see the predicate #$timeSlices) of such events. Examples of #$DeviceRunning include instances of the collections #$AirplaneTakeOff, #$SkateBoarding, and #$OffRoadMotorcycleRiding. Note that an instance of #$DeviceRunning does not need to be a continuous event. Examples of discontinuous instances of #$DeviceRunning include the following: the event of all the ignition phases of the firing of a particular automobile's engine during November of 1996; the event in which a particular TV was on and showing a commercial in the year 2001.
> guid: bd589045-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalEvent

#$TransportViaFn transport via fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$TransportViaFn OBJ-TYPE) denotes a subcollection of #$TransportationEvent. In each instance of this collection there is an instance of OBJ-TYPE that is a #$transporter. See also the more general #$ConveyViaFn, particularly for conveyors which do not necessarily undergo translation while they convey things (e.g. pipelines, chair lifts, conveyor belts).
> guid: bf7b4cac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnaryFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$Individual

#$DeviceRunningPartFn device running part fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$DeviceRunningPartFn is a Cyc function and, more specifically, an #$IndividualDenotingFunction. It is used to represent the particular instance of #$DeviceRunning which is associated with a particular transportation event. (#$DeviceRunningPartFn TRANS) takes as its argument the #$TransportViaFn TRANS and returns an event (a #$subEvents of TRANS) which represents the functioning of the #$transporter in that #$Event.
> guid: c10ada7b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IndividualDenotingFunction #$UnaryFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$Individual

### Predicates

#$decodingDeviceType decoding device type **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used to specify the type of device needed for decoding information contained in a particular kind of encoding scheme. (#$decodingDeviceType SCHEME DEV-TYP) means that DEV-TYP is the type of device required to decode the information encoded with encoding scheme SCHEME. For example, a telephone is the kind of device needed to decode audio information sent over telephone lines. A cable TV box is the device type needed to decode cable TV signals. And so on. See also #$EncodingSchemeType.
> guid: bd58cef2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$deviceControlledBy device controlled by

> This predicate relates physical devices to the devices that control them. (#$deviceControlledBy DEV CONTROL) means that CONTROL controls DEV. Most of the time, the controls will be #$physicalParts of the device. However there are some notable exceptions -- TV remote controls, for example -- which control a device but are not #$physicalParts of that device.
> guid: bd5cbb65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$temporallyIntersects

#$instrument-Generic instrument (actor slot) (role) (extensional representation predicate)

> The predicate #$instrument-Generic is used to link a particular event to any of the objects which play an instrumental role in it. (#$instrument-Generic EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT plays an intermediate causal role in EVENT, facilitating the occurrence of EVENT, and serving some purpose of some #$Agent. This can happen in at least two ways: either the `doer' of EVENT acts on OBJECT, which in turn acts on something else (as when someone uses a hammer to pound in a nail) or the `doer' of EVENT acts on something, making it possible for OBJECT to act on that thing (as when someone puts wet clothes out in the sun to dry). Typically, an #$instrument-Generic is not significantly altered by playing that role in an event. #$deviceUsed is an important specialization of #$instrument-Generic.
> guid: bd5d4eb3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IndividualLevelPredicate #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$actors #$instrumentalRole

#$deviceUsed device used

> The predicate #$deviceUsed relates an event to a device used in that event. (#$deviceUsed EVENT OBJECT) means that the #$PhysicalDevice OBJECT plays an instrumental role in the #$Event EVENT (see the more generalized predicate #$instrument-Generic), OBJECT is intentionally used in EVENT, and standardly (for example, in the #$HumanActivitiesMt) OBJECT's role in EVENT is consistent with the object's #$primaryFunction.
> guid: bd5d0531-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$instrument-Generic

#$hasInterfaceDevices has interface devices **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate identifies a particular interface device that is linked to a particular computer. (#$hasInterfaceDevices COMPUTER INTERFACE) means that INTERFACE is a #$ComputerInterfaceDevice for the #$Computer COMPUTER. E.g., this predicate holds between my desktop PC and the mouse that's connected to it, the monitor that's connected to it, the keyboard that's connected to it, etc.
> guid: bd58bb61-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate #$PhysicalPartPredicate

#$energySource energy source (asymmetric binary predicate) (antisymmetric binary predicate) (role) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used to identify a particular source of energy used in a particular event. (#$energySource EVENT ENERGYSOURCE) means that ENERGYSOURCE provides (some of) the energy used in EVENT. ENERGYSOURCE might be a battery, the sun, a person, etc.
> guid: bd58ea4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IndividualLevelPredicate #$BinaryRolePredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$temporallyIntersects

#$objectControlled controlled object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used to indicate that a particular object is being controlled in a particular event. (#$objectControlled EVENT OBJ) means that the object OBJ is being controlled in the #$Event EVENT. Note: #$objectControlled does not assume or require physical contact between controller and object controlled.
> guid: bd58bdb0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$objectActedOn

#$objectActedOn affected object

> The predicate #$objectActedOn is used to relate an event to an entity or entities significantly affected in that event. The entity or entities in question must exist before the event, but may be either destroyed in the event (see the more specific predicate #$inputsDestroyed), or merely affected by it (for example, see the more specific predicates #$damages and #$objectOfStateChange). (#$objectActedOn EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is altered or affected in EVENT, and the change that OBJECT undergoes is central or focal to understanding EVENT. Thus, scissors are _not_ an #$objectActedOn in a #$HairCuttingEvent. The focal change in a haircut is hair getting shorter; thus, hair is a legitimate #$objectActedOn in a #$HairCuttingEvent. The almost microscopic dulling that scissors undergo in a single haircut is a comparatively insignificant change with respect to a single haircut, considered as a #$HairCuttingEvent.
> guid: bd58bae6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IndividualLevelPredicate #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$preActors

#$vehicle vehicle (actor slot) (role) (functional predicate) **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A binary predicate that relates instances of #$TransportationEvent to instances of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. (#$vehicle EVENT VEHICLE) means that VEHICLE is a #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle which is both the #$providerOfMotiveForce and the #$transporter in EVENT. If an object is a #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle and plays the role of #$transporter in some moving event, then it generally will play the role of #$vehicle in that event. Examples: a car plays the role of #$vehicle in driving. Note, however, that a bicycle does not play the role of #$vehicle in bike riding since it is not a provider of motive force. A borderline non-example is someone sitting in a car while it's being pulled by a tow truck; the car is not playing the role of #$vehicle in that event (because it is not the provider of motive force - the tow truck is).
> guid: bd58a883-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$StrictlyFunctionalPredicate #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$deviceUsed #$transporter #$providerOfMotiveForce

#$stuffUsed stuff used **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$stuffUsed relates an event to some tangible substance which facilitates that event. (#$stuffUsed EVENT STUFF) means that STUFF is a portion of an instance of #$ExistingStuffType which plays an instrumental role in EVENT. STUFF may or may not be consumed in the course of EVENT. Examples: portions of #$Water are #$stuffUsed in instances of #$WashingDishes, #$WashingHair, #$WashingClothesInAMachine, etc.; portions of #$EdibleOil are #$stuffUsed in some instances of #$Frying food and #$BakingBread.
> guid: bd58cadc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$instrument-Generic

#$transporter transporter (actor slot) (role) (extensional representation predicate) **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate relates objects to the transportation events in which they facilitate movement. (#$transporter MOVE OBJ) means that #$SolidTangibleThing OBJ enables or facilitates the conveyance of the #$transportees in the #$TransportationEvent MOVE. OBJ is an #$objectMoving in MOVE that moves along with the #$transportees. OBJ will generally hold, support, contain, pull, or push the #$transportees throughout the MOVE #$Event. OBJ may or may not be the #$providerOfMotiveForce in the event MOVE. If OBJ stays with each #$primaryObjectMoving from the #$fromLocation to the #$toLocation, moving along the same trajectory, then it is also a #$primaryObjectMoving. If OBJ facilitates the motion of the #$primaryObjectMoving but does not itself engage in translational motion it is merely the conveyor of the action, and the role #$conveyor-Stationary should be asserted. If it is unclear whether the conveyor is stationary or not, the role #$conveyor-Generic is used. Specializations of the role #$transporter should be used when possible: although automobiles are #$transporters in many events, they should normally have the more specific role designation of #$vehicle because they are also instances of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle. When a car is being towed by a tow truck, the car is just a #$transporter of any of its contents while the tow truck is the #$vehicle of that event. An additional role designation for some #$transporters -- those which are #$PhysicalDevices -- is #$deviceUsed; e.g., the use of crutches in hobbling or ice skates in skating. See the #$comment on #$TransportationEvent. Note that an organism may be a #$transportees in a #$Bicycle riding or #$Skating event as well as being the #$providerOfMotiveForce in such cases.
> guid: bd58c1d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$conveyor-Generic #$objectMoving

#$transportees transportee

> The predicate #$transportees relates a translational motion event to the object(s) transported in that event. (#$transportees MOVE OBJ) means that some conveyance (see the predicate #$conveyor-Generic) transports OBJ in MOVE. The conveyance in question can either move along with OBJ in MOVE or remain stationary during MOVE. The conveyance in question is separate from OBJ (that is, OBJ is not a part of the conveyance).
> guid: bd58ae94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$primaryObjectMoving #$objectActedOn

#$driverActor driver (actor slot) (role) (extensional representation predicate)

> (#$driverActor DRIVE DRIVER) means that the #$Person DRIVER controls (see #$ControllingATransporter) the transporter (related to DRIVE by the predicate #$transporter (q.v.)) in the #$TransportInvolvingADriver DRIVE.
> guid: bd58bf45-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AgentiveRole
> direct specialization of: #$crewMember #$performedBy

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