## Financial

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Last Update: 12/13/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.

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### Money And Income

#$MonetaryValue monetary values

> A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of this collection is a value by means of which payments, wealth, capital, assets, etc., are measured. Each instance of this collection is thus an abstract object, not to be confused with the physical objects used as legal tender. For those, see #$Currency, though it is worth noting that each coin, bill, etc. that is an instance of #$Currency, is typically _stably associated with_ some particular instance of #$MonetaryValue. Nor is #$MonetaryValue to be confused with the many and varied social practices (such as a backed claim for a certain amount of physical wealth payable by the government on demand), which create money qua social institution and underpin all financial transactions. For that, see #$Money-DevisedPractice. Since instances of #$MonetaryValue are not pure numbers but quantities of some particular currency, they are denoted by means of the collection #$UnitOfMoney. Each instance of this collection is a function which (like many Cyc functions which are instances of #$UnitOfMeasure) either takes one argument and returns a fixed amount of money, e.g. (#$Dollar-Australia 4) or takes two arguments and returns a range, e.g. (#$Shilling-Uganda 2 2000). Since currencies may appreciate or depreciate in value over time, and this information is sometimes relevant, it is possible to index instances of #$UnitOfMoney temporally by means of further functions. For example, ((#$USDollarFn 1997) 2) denotes the monetary value of 2 US dollars in the year 1997. See also #$MoneyTransfer, #$monetaryValueOfThing, #$cost, #$basicPrice.
> guid: bd58d4d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FundamentalNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval

#$MoneyTenderType types of money tender **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of collections. Each instance of #$MoneyTenderType is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, and so on. Notable instances of #$MoneyTenderType include #$Currency, #$CreditCard, and #$Check-TenderObject.
> guid: bd58d8e4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType #$SecondOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$ExistingObjectType

#$TenderObject items of legal tender

> An instance of #$ExistingObjectType, and a specialization of #$LiquidAsset. Each instance of #$TenderObject is an object widely accepted as a means of payment for goods and services, and can thus play the role of #$objectTendered in instances of #$MoneyTransfer. Important specializations of #$TenderObject include #$Currency, #$CreditCard, and #$Check-TenderObject.
> guid: bd58c470-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanAccessibleIBO
> direct generalization of: #$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$PrepaidTelephoneCard #$Currency #$BankDebitCard #$CreditCard #$Check-TenderObject

#$Currency items of currency

> A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$Currency is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of #$Money (q.v.) between some instances of #$Agent. Instances of #$Currency may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of #$Currency are typically backed by and issued by national governments.
> guid: bd58cc42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction #$MoneyTenderType
> direct specialization of: #$TenderObject #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject #$TextualMaterial #$PortableObject

#$Dollar-UnitedStates US Dollar **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$UnitOfMoney (q.v). #$Dollar-UnitedStates is a function which returns an instance of #$MonetaryValue when applied to a real number (see the collection #$SubLRealNumber) or a sequence of two real numbers. (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 10) denotes the instance of #$MonetaryValue that is equivalent to 10 U.S. dollars. One #$Dollar-UnitedStates is equivalent to 100 #$Cent-UnitedStates (q.v.).
> guid: bd58a636-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnitOfMoney #$StandardUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix #$Individual

#$Cent-UnitedStates cents

> An instance of #$UnitOfMoney. When applied to a number or a pair of numbers, #$Cent-UnitedStates returns an instance of #$MonetaryValue. For example, (#$Cent-UnitedStates 2) is two U.S. cents. #$Cent-UnitedStates is the smallest unit of money used officially in the United States of America; it is one-hundredth of a #$Dollar-UnitedStates (q.v.).
> guid: bd58fa3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix #$UnitOfMoney #$Individual

#$FinancialAccountTenderObject financial account tender object

> A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject is an object (e.g., a check or a credit card) that serves as a means for offering payment in funds drawn on an associated instance of #$FinancialAccount. The liquidity of an instance of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject depends on the status of the associated financial account (see the predicates #$accountBalance and #$accountStatus).
> guid: bd5902db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$TenderObject
> direct generalization of: #$Check-TenderObject #$CreditCard

#$moneyTransferMode money transfer mode **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$moneyTransferMode TRANSACTION TYPE) means that in some particular money transfer TRANSACTION, the #$MoneyTenderType used in that transaction was TYPE, e.g., #$CreditCard, #$Check-TenderObject, etc.
> guid: bd5891b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$Check-TenderObject checks

> A specialization of #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$Check-TenderObject is a financial instrument, drawn on a particular #$CheckingAccount at some instance of #$FinancialOrganization (q.v.), which is redeemable for a monetary value by the agent who is the payee. The financial organization pays the payee funds from the account, upon proper presentation of the check. See also #$SaleByCheck.
> guid: bd58cea8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction #$MoneyTenderType
> direct specialization of: #$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$Form-StandardizedIBO #$IDDocument #$Paper-IBO
> direct generalization of: #$PersonalCheck

#$SaleByCheck sales by check

> A specialization of #$Buying. Each instance of #$SaleByCheck is a buying event in which the payment tendered (see the predicate #$objectTendered) is an instance of #$Check-TenderObject (q.v.).
> guid: bd58c845-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Buying

#$CreditCard credit cards

> A specialization of both #$Card and #$TenderObject. Each instance of #$CreditCard is a piece of plastic that enables authorized users to spend the card-issuing company's money, drawn as a (usually unsecured) loan through an associated instance of #$CreditCardAccount (q.v.) under a pre-arranged credit agreement. The credit card company credits the vendor of the purchased goods or services and bills the card user (see #$Bill-PaymentRequest), usually with interest. See also #$creditor, #$owesDebts.
> guid: bd58ceea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction #$MoneyTenderType
> direct specialization of: #$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$FreeSheet #$Card #$IDDocument

#$SaleByCreditCard credit card sales **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Buying. Each instance of #$SaleByCreditCard is a purchase in which the buyer (see the predicate #$buyer) pays by using some instance of #$CreditCard (q.v.).
> guid: bd58c804-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Buying

#$LiquidAsset liquid assets **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$SomethingExisting. Each instance of #$LiquidAsset is either an instance of #$Currency or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing against it. Examples of #$LiquidAssets include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts.
> guid: bd58afb3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SomethingExisting
> direct generalization of: #$Currency

#$MonetaryFlowRate rates of monetary flow

> A specialization of #$MoneyRate. Each instance of #$MonetaryFlowRate is an amount of money taken with respect to some unit of time. Instances of #$MonetaryFlowRate include rates at which money is earned, spent, transferred, lost, and invested. An example instance of #$MonetaryFlowRate is (#$DollarsPerHour 10), $10 dollars per hour.
> guid: bd58eb7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$MoneyRate

#$MoneyRate money rates **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Rate. Each instance of #$MoneyRate is an amount of #$MonetaryValue (q.v.) taken with respect to an amount of some other quantity: e.g., $1.14 per gallon, $10,000 per acre, $250 per week, and $0.89 per pound. Notable specializations of #$MoneyRate include #$MoneyPerVolumeRate, #$MoneyPerAreaRate, #$MoneyPerMassRate, and #$MonetaryFlowRate.
> guid: bd58d145-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DerivedNumericScalarIntervalType #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$Rate
> direct generalization of: #$MonetaryFlowRate

#$DollarsPerHour dollars per hour

> An instance of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate. When applied to a number or pair of numbers, #$DollarsPerHour returns an instance of #$MonetaryFlowRate. For example, (#$DollarsPerHour 20) is a monetary flow rate of 20 U.S. dollars per hour.
> guid: bd59076f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix #$Individual

#$DollarsPerYear dollar per year **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate. When applied to a real number REAL (or a sequence of two real numbers INTERVAL), #$DollarsPerYear returns a #$MonetaryFlowRate of REAL #$Dollar-UnitedStates per year (respectively, INTERVAL #$Dollar-UnitedStates per year.
> guid: bd58af93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix #$Individual

#$income income

> An instance of #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot (q.v.) that is used to state the income or wage of a person or other agent in terms of a #$MonetaryFlowRate (q.v.), such as #$DollarsPerYear or #$DollarsPerHour. (#$income AGENT RATE) means that AGENT has the income or wage RATE. Normally, a agent's yearly earnings are described as income , while hourly earnings are called wages ; the predicate #$income encompasses both of these.
> guid: bd58af51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$approximatePay salary

> The predicate #$approximatePay relates occupations to a typical range of pay offered to workers in those occupations. (#$approximatePay JOBTYPE RATE) means that a person working in the #$PersonTypeByOccupation JOBTYPE makes approximately the #$MonetaryFlowRate RATE as earned income. RATE might be expressed in, e.g., #$DollarsPerHour, pounds-per-week, or yen-per-year. RATE refers to average pay for the occupation JOBTYPE, excluding any unearned pay (such as matching 401K contributions) and the value of other employee benefits.
> guid: bd58b1e1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

### Commercial Organizations And Accounts

#$CommercialServiceOrganization service companies

> A specialization of #$CommercialOrganization. Each instance of #$CommercialServiceOrganization is a commercial organization which sells some service(s), rather than tangible goods, as its main product. Some tangible goods may accompany or supplement the main service sold, but only as side products; for example, some instances of #$HairSalon sell hair care products.
> guid: bd58f1b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CommercialOrganization #$ServiceOrganization
> direct generalization of: #$FinancialCompany #$AirlineCompany #$FoodServiceOrganization #$ConstructionCompany #$ServiceEstablishment

#$ServiceOrganization service organizations

> A specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$ServiceOrganization is an organization whose main function is to provide some service or services (as opposed, e.g., to mainly selling goods or manufacturing products). A service organization might or might not be a subsidiary or department in some larger organization; it might or might not be a for-profit organization (for-profit service organizations are instances of the subcollection #$CommercialServiceOrganization). Notable specializations of #$ServiceOrganization include #$MedicalCareOrganization, #$ShippingOrganization, and #$Restaurant-Organization.
> guid: bd58b11a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$OrganizationTypeByActivityType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Organization
> direct generalization of: #$ContactPointSubOrganization #$TransportationCompany #$MedicalCareOrganization #$InsuranceProvider #$CommercialServiceOrganization

#$ServiceEstablishment commercial service establishments

> A specialization of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization and #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients. Each instance of #$ServiceEstablishment is a local, commercial service organization with a single physical location. Notable specializations of #$ServiceEstablishment include #$Restaurant-Organization and #$Bar-DrinkingEstablishment.
> guid: bd58e588-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CommercialServiceOrganization #$Business #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients
> direct generalization of: #$Pharmacy #$Restaurant-Organization

#$FinancialOrganization financial organizations

> #$FinancialOrganization is a specialization of #$Organization. Each instance of #$FinancialOrganization is primarily or significantly engaged in the #$FinancialIndustry or whose activities focus on that industry. Instances of both #$CommercialServiceOrganizations (e.g., banks and brokerage houses) and #$NonProfitOrganizations (e.g., #$InternationalMonetaryFund) may be instances of #$FinancialOrganization. Specializations of #$FinancialOrganization include #$BankCompany, #$FinancialExchange, and #$InvestmentOrganization.
> guid: bd590577-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$OrganizationTypeByIndustry #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Organization
> direct generalization of: #$FinancialCompany

#$SellingOrganization selling organizations

> A specialization of #$Organization and #$Vendor. Each instance of #$SellingOrganization is an organization whose main function is to sell things by conducting sales activities. Specializations include #$SalesDepartment, #$AdvertisingAgency, and #$RetailOrganization.
> guid: bd590892-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$OrganizationTypeByActivityType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Vendor #$Organization
> direct generalization of: #$RetailOrganization

#$RetailOrganization retail organizations

> A collection of organizations. Each instance of #$RetailOrganization is an organization that engages primarily in selling goods or services to end-users or consumers, rather than to wholesale customers. Specializations of #$RetailOrganization include the collections #$RetailStore and #$AutoDealership.
> guid: bd58de51-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SellingOrganization
> direct generalization of: #$RetailStore

#$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients local customer contact points

> #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients is a specialization of both #$SingleSiteOrganization and #$LocalOrganization. Each instance of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients is a single-site organization serving customers in a local area, working from a particular store, office, or other physical quarters where customers (or their agents) go in person to speak with company representatives about the services or products offered. Instances of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients may be either stand-alone organizations or sub-organization of a larger company. Notable specializations of #$SingleSiteLocalOrganizationWithClients include #$Pharmacy, #$AutoDealership, and #$Hospital.
> guid: bd58c0cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$OrganizationWithClients #$ContactPointSubOrganization #$LocalOrganization #$SingleSiteOrganization
> direct generalization of: #$VeterinaryHospital #$Pharmacy #$Hospital #$ServiceEstablishment #$ProfessionalOffice

#$AccountType types of account

> A collection of collections and a specialization of #$ObjectType. Each instance of #$AccountType is a collection of financial accounts of the same type. Instances of #$AccountType include #$SavingsAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, #$RetirementAccount, #$SocialSecurityAccount, and #$TravelExpenseAccount.
> guid: bd588be8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType #$SecondOrderCollection #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$ObjectType

#$Account accounts (agreements) (pit) (contexts)

> An instance of #$ObjectType and a specialization of #$LegalAgreement. Each instance of #$Account is a recorded obligation (of some particular type) between specified parties, consisting of funds (not necessarily monetary funds) which typically can be added to and drawn upon. Positive examples include instances of #$RetirementAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount, and of the many types of #$FinancialAccount. Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary; for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the specializations #$VacationAccount and #$SickLeaveAccount. #$Account does not include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be increased or reduced (such as instances of #$Bond-Agreement).
> guid: bd588c2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$AccountType
> direct specialization of: #$AuthorizedAgreement #$LegalAgreement
> direct generalization of: #$FinancialAccount

#$FinancialAccount financial accounts **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Account. Each instance of #$FinancialAccount is an account which is denominated in units of #$MonetaryValue (q.v.). Specializations of #$FinancialAccount include #$BankAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, and #$VendorAccount.
> guid: bd58dcfe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$AccountType
> direct specialization of: #$Account

#$accountStatus-Coll account status - coll **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$accountStatus indicates whether a particular account is paid up, overdue, delinquent, etc. (#$accountStatus ACCT STATUS) means that the #$Account ACCT has the attribute STATUS (see also #$AccountStatusAttribute).
> guid: 008111f2-7f00-11d6-8000-0001023560cc
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$isa

#$AccountStatusAttribute-Coll account statuses (mathematical concepts) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$AttributeValue. Each instance of #$AccountStatusAttribute is an obligational status of some instance of #$Account. Instances of #$AccountStatusAttribute include #$PaidInFull, #$InComplianceWithPaymentSchedule, #$PaymentOverdue, and #$AccountInactive.
> guid: 558191d0-74b1-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
> direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$Collection

#$accountAdministrator account administrator

> The predicate #$accountAdministrator identifies the agent who administers a particular account (i.e. recorded obligation of some particular type between specified parties). (#$accountAdministrator ACCT AGENT) means that the #$Account ACCT is administered by the individual or organization (often a bank) AGENT. See also #$AccountManager.
> guid: bd58e1c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$FunctionalPredicate #$BinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$temporallyIntersects

#$accountHolder account holder

> A binary predicate which relates instances of #$Agent to instances of #$Account. (#$accountHolder ACCT AGENT) means that the account ACCT is held by the individual or organization AGENT; thus, money (or some other valuable such as vacation leave) is owed to or from AGENT in the amount shown in the account (see #$accountBalance), and can be added to or drawn upon.
> guid: bd58e205-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$CotemporalObjectsSlot

#$accountBalance balance (interval based quantity slot) (quantity slot) (predicate that is functional in its second argument)

> The predicate #$accountBalance is used to indicate the balance of a particular account. (#$accountBalance ACCT BAL) means that the #$FinancialAccount ACCT has the balance BAL; BAL is the amount of #$MonetaryValue either owed by, or available to, the #$accountHolder (depending upon the type of account).
> guid: bd588d44-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

### Commercial Activities

#$ServiceEvent services

> A specialization of #$HelpingAnAgent. Each instance of #$ServiceEvent is an event in which one or more agents (related to the event via the predicate #$providerOfService) do something for one or more other agents (related to the event via the predicate #$recipientOfService). A service event may involve maintenance, repair, or refurbishing of some object belonging to the recipient(s) of the service (including care of his/her person), or it may involve gathering or transmitting information, providing advice, entertainment, transportation, etc. to the recipient(s). Service events may or may not be done for payment.
> guid: bd58de46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Product #$HelpingAnAgent
> direct generalization of: #$Renting #$Constructing #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$PreparingFoodOrDrink #$EntertainmentPerformance #$EntertainmentEvent #$MedicalCareEvent #$MedicalTreatmentEvent #$DeliveringSomeoneSomething #$Teaching

#$BusinessEvent business events

> A specialization of both #$SocialOccurrence and #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$BusinessEvent is a purposeful activity that is closely associated with, and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of some agent. Examples include the development of General Motors' business plan for 2003, an individual sales call on a particular customer, printing the 2003 Yellow Pages directory for the Los Angeles area, selling a newspaper, and designing and manufacturing a new memory chip. #$BusinessEvent does _not_ include any purely social or recreational events.
> guid: bd588c38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SocialOccurrence
> direct generalization of: #$BusinessRelationshipActivity #$Advertising #$SalesActivity

#$SalesActivity sales activities **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each instance of #$SalesActivity is an event which the performing agent does in an effort to achieve a subsequent sale to a second agent. Types (i.e., subcollections) of #$SalesActivity include #$Advertising, telemarketing, showing sample and/or actual products to customers in a show room or a store. Instances of #$SalesActivity which are successful lead to corresponding instances of #$Buying. Note: #$SalesActivity does NOT include manufacturing, accounting, and other such ancillary business activities.
> guid: bd588fd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CommercialActivity #$BusinessEvent
> direct generalization of: #$MarketingActivity

#$BuyingActivity buying activities **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$SelectingSomething and #$CommercialActivity. #$BuyingActivity is a collection of events that are very generally related to purchasing goods or services. Each instance of #$BuyingActivity is an event that is either (i) a common prelude to buying (i.e., the kinds of activities that contribute to their doers becoming buyers), or (ii) an instance of #$Buying itself. Examples of #$BuyingActivity include shopping for, or ordering, something very specific, and also general expressions of interest in purchasing something, such as placing an `Item Wanted' ad in a newspaper.
> guid: bd588f8e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SelectingSomething #$CommercialActivity
> direct generalization of: #$Buying

#$Buying orders (transactions involving money) (social events)

> A specialization of #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights and #$BuyingActivity. Each instance of #$Buying is an event in which an agent (see #$buyer and #$buyingPerformer) voluntarily pays to acquire something tangible or intangible, or for the performance of a service, which another agent sells in the event (see #$seller and #$sellingPerformer). Payment might be either in money or via the exchange of other assets. A buying event might include subevents of negotiating, paying, and the transferring of the purchased thing to the buyer. Examples of #$Buying include: purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring a life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering clothes from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market.
> guid: bd58cbda-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$BuyingActivity
> direct generalization of: #$SaleByCheck #$SaleByCreditCard

#$Renting renting events

> A specialization of both #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights and #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights. Each instance of #$Renting is an event during which one agent grants to another agent the use of an object (owned or controlled by the first agent) for a period of time, in exchange for some remuneration. The schedule of payment may vary, depending upon the rental period, type of object involved, type of usage granted, and/or other considerations. The agent providing the object to rent is related to the instance of #$Renting by the predicate #$fromPossessor (q.v.); the agent paying to use the object is related to the instance of #$Renting by the predicate #$toPossessor (q.v.). Those agents enter into an #$Agreement (q.v.). Examples of #$Renting might include: Fred renting a particular apartment last year; Jane renting a car all this week; Jack renting a canoe on Saturday morning.
> guid: bd58d7bd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AccessingScriptType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$ServiceEvent #$MakingSomethingAvailable #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights

#$Paying payments

> A specialization of #$MoneyTransaction. Each instance of #$Paying is an event in which one agent (the payer, who is related to the event via the predicate #$payer) pays money to another agent (the payee, who is related to the event via the predicate #$toPossessor). In each instance of #$Paying, the payer gives the payee full use rights (see the constant #$FullUseRights) to the money transferred to the payee. Instances of #$Paying include the following: (1) all instances of #$Buying and #$Renting (qq.v.) contain (at least one) sub-event which is an instance of #$Paying; (2) making charitable contributions; (3) paying off one's gambling debts; (4) paying an employee's salary or a child's allowance. Writing a check or offering a credit card in payment are sub-events of paying events; such payings are successful only if the check is not lost or stolen, if it clears the bank, and so on. On the other hand, filling out a pledge card (e.g., for United Way) is _not_ considered an instance of #$Paying, or even a sub-event of an instance of #$Paying, because it does not involve or initiate any legal reassignment of rights to the money.
> guid: bd590a1d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$TransferringOwnership #$MoneyTransaction

#$MoneyTransaction transactions involving money

> A specialization of both #$CommercialActivity and #$MoneyTransfer. Each instance of #$MoneyTransaction is an event in which a transfer of money occurs, and the transfer is done in exchange for something else, according to some (implicit or explicit) agreement. Thus, buying something, investing, making a donation, executing a bequest, and exchanging currency are all examples of money transactions.
> guid: bd589db3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CommercialActivity #$MoneyTransfer
> direct generalization of: #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$Paying

#$ContractNegotiation contract negotiations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The collection of negotiations intended to lead to the formation of a contract between the participants (or the parties they represent in the negotiations).
> guid: bd5ad3ec-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Negotiating

#$AuthorizedAgreement authorized agreements

> A specialization of #$Agreement. Each instance of #$Agreement is a generic agreement that is authorized by one of the agreeing parties (typically by the issuer of the document embodying the agreement). #$AuthorizedAgreements are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an #$AuthorizedAgreement is typically given a unique identification number. Notable positive examples include bank accounts, driver's licenses, and stock certificates.
> guid: bd58b01c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Agreement
> direct generalization of: #$Stock #$Account #$Warranty

#$PurchaseRequisitionDocument purchase requisition forms **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of documents. Each element of #$PurchaseRequisitionDocument is a text document sent within an organization, to a purchasing agent, in order to request that the organization purchase some particular item(s). Such a document may require authorization by the requestor's superior before it is recognized as a legitimate request.
> guid: bd58f068-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction
> direct specialization of: #$Form-StandardizedIBO

#$basicPrice price

> (#$basicPrice OBJECT MONEY) means that in order to buy the #$TemporalThing OBJECT one needs to pay the #$MonetaryValue MONEY, where MONEY can be either a discrete quantity or an interval. #$basicPrice should be distinguished from the (rather different) predicates #$appraisedValue and #$cost (qq.v). For the price at which an item was bought some time in the past, see #$bookValue. For the total charge for purchase of an object, including tax, shipping, handling, etc., see #$totalCharge. For relating #$Buying events to the basic price of items bought during those events, see #$basicPrice-Event. Since prices are time-sensitive, assertions about #$basicPrice should be suitably qualified.
> guid: bd588c7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$monetaryValueOfThing

#$costPerQuantity cost per quantity **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$costPerQuantity gives the price for a measured amount of some type of stuff. (#$costPerQuantity STUFF UNITS QUANTITY PRICE) means that this kind of STUFF costs PRICE for each QUANTITY of UNITS. For example, #$Milk, as measured by volume (i.e., by the predicate #$volumeOfObject), costs about US $3 per gallon.
> guid: bd589747-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$QuaternaryPredicate

#$totalCharge price **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$totalCharge THING MONEY) means that the total charge for all goods, services, #$salesTax and other taxes, shipping and handling, delivery charges, discounts, etc., in order to buy the #$TemporalThing THING is the #$MonetaryValue MONEY. For the thing's price without such extra charges, see #$basicPrice. This predicate is not to be confused with #$totalCharge-Event, which is the total charge not for a (purchased) thing but for a given #$Buying event. See also #$cost.
> guid: bd58fde5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$cost

#$Bill-PaymentRequest bills

> A specialization of #$TextualMaterial. Each instance of #$Bill-PaymentRequest is a written notification of a demand or request made by a creditor (or its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt (see #$PaymentObligation) previously incurred for some loan, goods, or services. Instances of #$Bill-PaymentRequest include telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills, cleaning bills, and fuel bills. Note that this collection includes only actual physical copies of bills -- for the information contained in a given bill (which might be reproduced in more than one physical copy of it), see #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT. Nor is this mere piece of paper to be construed as the actual request (or demand) for money (for which see collections such as #$Requesting-CommunicationAct). See also the predicate #$owesDebts.
> guid: bd58d7b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TextualMaterialTypeByFunction
> direct specialization of: #$TextualMaterial

#$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT bill payment request pit **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of abstract (informational) objects; a subset of #$TextMicrotheory. Each element of #$Bill-PaymentRequest-PIT is a formal request for payment (for products or services); the informational content of a #$Bill-PaymentRequest. Typically, this information includes the name and address of the billing agent; the name, address, account number (if there is one) of the debtor; the amount owed and where/how/when to remit it.
> guid: c10c1ee8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MicrotheoryType #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$TextMicrotheory

#$seller seller

> The predicate #$seller relates an agent to an event in which some item is sold. (#$seller EXCHANGE AGENT) means that the #$Agent AGENT sells something in the #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights EXCHANGE.
> guid: bd58f14e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AgentiveRole
> direct specialization of: #$exchangers

#$sellsProductType Retail

> This predicate relates a given legal agent (see #$LegalAgent) to a specific type of product s/he/it sells. (#$sellsProductType AGENT PRODTYPE) means that AGENT sells PRODTYPE. For example, McDonald's sells hamburgers. The implication is AGENT typically and often sells products of PRODTYPE. See also #$ProductProviderFn-Seller.
> guid: bd589ee1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$knowsAbout

#$amountOfSalesByToDuring amount of sales by to during **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$amountOfSalesByToDuring is used to indicate how much of a certain product was sold by a particular seller to a particular buyer. (#$amountOfSalesByToDuring SELLER BUYER TIMEPD PRODTYPE REVENUE) means that, during the #$TimeInterval TIMEPD, SELLER (an #$Agent) sold to BUYER (another #$Agent) some amount of the #$ProductType PRODTYPE, worth the total amount of #$MonetaryValue REVENUE. For example, to say that a restaurant, #$Threadgills, sold $3000 worth of their pumpkin pies to a local grocery store in November, we would say: (#$amountOfSalesByToDuring #$Threadgills HEBAt2222 (#$MonthFn #$November (#$YearFn 1996)) #$PumpkinPie (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 3000)).
> guid: c10af991-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FunctionalPredicate #$QuintaryPredicate

#$buyer buyer

> An #$AgentiveRole (q.v.) and specialization of #$exchangers that relates a given #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights event to the paying #$Agent(s) in that event. (#$buyer EXCHANGE BUYER) means that BUYER purchases goods or services or access rights for sale in EXCHANGE. BUYER might make the purchase either directly or through an agent. Also see and compare #$buyingPerformer and #$buyingAgent.
> guid: bd58d07b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AgentiveRole
> direct specialization of: #$exchangers

#$rents rents (asymmetric binary predicate) (cotemporal predicate) (antisymmetric binary predicate)

> The predicate #$rents relates an agent to something that the agent is renting. (#$rents AGENT OBJ) means that the #$Agent AGENT is renting the #$PartiallyTangible OBJ from some other agent; that is, AGENT is paying the other agent for temporary use and enjoyment of OBJ. See also #$TemporaryUserRightsAgreement, #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights, #$Renting.
> guid: c10c1e8f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$CotemporalObjectsSlot
> direct specialization of: #$awareOf

#$objectOfPossessionTransfer thing changing possession

> #$objectOfPossessionTransfer relates an event (more specifically, an instance of #$ChangeInUserRights) to an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting) the user rights to which are transferred during that event. (#$objectOfPossessionTransfer EVENT OBJECT) means that in EVENT, all or some rights to use OBJECT are transferred from one agent (the #$fromPossessor) to another (the #$toPossessor). Since EVENT is an instance of #$ChangeInUserRights, it could be (among other things) a buying, renting, lending, or repossessing.
> guid: bd58f4cf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorUseTypeSlot
> direct specialization of: #$transferredThing

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