## Transformations

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#$CreationOrDestructionEvent creation or destruction events

> A specialization of #$Event-Localized. During each instance of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent, one or more instances of #$Entity (q.v.) come into or go out of existence. Notable specializations of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent include #$Manufacturing, #$MakingSomething, and #$Killing-Biological.
> guid: bd675149-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Event-Localized
> direct generalization of: #$DestructionEvent #$CreationEvent #$PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent

The constant #$CreationOrDestructionEvent has just two specs: #$CreationEvent and #$DestructionEvent. A #$TransformationEvent is both a #$CreationEvent and a #$DestructionEvent; that is, one thing goes out of existence and another comes into existence.
#$inputs input (actor slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is an #$ActorSlot that relates a given event to an object or material that is used in that event and thereby either used up (i.e. destroyed) or incorporated into another object. (#$inputs EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is a pre-existing participant in (see #$preActors) the #$CreationOrDestructionEvent EVENT which, during and due to EVENT, is either destroyed (see #$inputsDestroyed) or incorporated into a new entity (see #$inputsCommitted). For example, the pigments used to paint the Mona Lisa were #$inputs to Leonardo's painting process; however, his brushes were not #$inputs, even though they were changed a little by it. In general, in instances of #$Manufacturing, materials or objects are inputs if they find their way into the product manufactured or if they are destroyed in the manufacturing process (e.g. the coke used in manufacturing steel).
> guid: bd58b70d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$objectActedOn

#$outputs output

> This predicate relates a particular creation or destruction event to any of its outputs . (#$outputs EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is an output of EVENT. That is, OBJECT is either created/produced as a result of EVENT (see the specializations #$outputsCreated, #$products, #$byProducts) or something left after another thing was destroyed in EVENT (see the specialization #$outputsRemaining). For example, silicon chips are both #$outputsCreated in and #$products of a chip manufacturing process, while a hunk of scrap metal is an #$outputsRemaining after a car is put through a crusher. When appropriate, instead of using #$outputs, use one of its specializations (of which those mentioned above are the nearest).
> guid: bd589803-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$postActors

#$CreationEvent creation events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. In each instance of #$CreationEvent, at least one instance of #$Entity (related to the instance of #$CreationEvent by #$outputsCreated (q.v.)) is brought into existence.
> guid: bd58de89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CreationOrDestructionEvent #$Action
> direct generalization of: #$PhysicalCreationEvent #$Production-Generic #$CreatingAnArtifact #$MakingAnAgreement

#$inputsCommitted input incorporated into the end result **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$inputsCommitted is used when some #$inputs to a particular event is incorporated into some #$outputs of that event, but remains recognizable rather than being destroyed. (#$inputsCommitted EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists before EVENT and continues to exist afterwards, and as a result of EVENT, OBJECT becomes incorporated into something created during EVENT. Once incorporated into the output of EVENT, OBJECT can't be independently incorporated in any other creation event. For example, bricks that are used to build a wall continue to exist as bricks once the wall has been built. While a part of the wall, a brick cannot be used as an independent input in another creation event. (See also #$outputsCreated.) Note: there is a grey area between #$inputsCommitted and #$inputsDestroyed; the less possible it is to take apart the relevant #$outputs of EVENT and get OBJECT back as an independent thing, the more likely it is that the relationship between EVENT and OBJECT should be #$inputsDestroyed, rather than #$inputsCommitted.
> guid: bd63edac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$inputs #$postActors #$commitsForFutureUses

#$outputsCreated output created (actor slot) **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An #$ActorSlot that relates #$CreationEvents to things -- tangible objects or other enduring things (see #$SomethingExisting) -- created by those events. (#$outputsCreated EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT doesn't exist before EVENT but comes into existence sometime during EVENT, as a result of EVENT. #$outputsCreated is a specialization of #$nonDeliberateActors, since it would in general be impossible for OBJECT to act deliberately in its own creation.
> guid: bd64ad6d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot #$IndividualLevelPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$eventResults #$nonDeliberateActors #$outputs

#$MakingSomething making events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of creation events. #$MakingSomething is a specialization of #$CreatingAnArtifact instances of which involve some partially tangible thing being made from raw materials or from parts. The end result (see #$productsCreated) might or might not be a #$Product.
> guid: bd58fe38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PurposefulPhysicalAction #$PhysicalCreationEvent #$CreatingAnArtifact
> direct generalization of: #$Manufacturing #$Constructing

#$MakingLegalAgreement making legal agreement **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$MakingLegalAgreement event, an instance of #$LegalAgreement is forged.
> guid: bd58f66b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$Collection
> direct specialization of: #$MakingAnAgreement

#$MakingConstructionArtifact is the atomic form of (#$MakingFn #$ConstructionArtifact)(#$MakingFn #$ConstructionArtifact) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$MakingConstructionArtifact event, some instance of #$ConstructionArtifact (bridges, houses, stadiums, airports, fences, etc.) is created.
> guid: bd58df74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$Collection
> direct specialization of: #$Constructing

#$PublishingWrittenMaterial issues (information transfers) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$PublishingWrittenMaterial, a book or periodical is transformed from manuscript or typescript form to a form suitable for retail sale or public distribution. This collection can include any kind of publishing, from manuscript copies to print media to electronic publishing.
> guid: bd58b686-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$TransferOut

#$PreparingFoodOrDrink events in which food or drink is prepared

> A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an instance of #$FoodAndDrink is created. An instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink may be an event in which preparation is done `from scratch', using raw ingredients, or it may be an event in which semi-prepared or `convenience' products (such as cake mixes, margarita mixes, or frozen foods) are used. Typical sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) in instances of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or bartenders, including instances of #$ChoppingSomething, #$CookingFood, #$BakingFood, or #$MixingAlcoholicDrinks. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink ends when the item prepared is ready to eat. Notable specializations of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include #$GrillingFood, #$SteamingFood, and #$PreparingABeverage.
> guid: bd58b6ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SkilledActivity #$ServiceEvent #$TransformationEvent #$PurposefulPhysicalAction
> direct generalization of: #$PreparingFoodItem

#$Constructing construction events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Constructing event, one or more #$ConstructionArtifacts, such as a house, are made or incrementally enlarged or remodeled.
> guid: bd58c896-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ServiceEvent #$MakingSomething

#$ConstructingABuilding building construction **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$ConstructingABuilding event, a new #$Building is made or incrementally added to.
> guid: bd58c712-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Constructing

#$RoadConstructing road construction **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$RoadConstructing event, a new #$PathForWheeledVehicles is made or incrementally added to.
> guid: bd58c755-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$Constructing

#$Manufacturing fabrications (creation events) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Manufacturing event, raw materials or component parts are combined to produce a product. In a typical #$Manufacturing process, the motivation of the manufacturer is that the value of the #$outputs should exceed the value of the #$inputs. #$Manufacturing does not include related or supportive processes such as transporting the raw materials to the manufacturing site, scheduling done ahead of time, etc. -- the concept #$ProductionEvent covers that bigger picture.
> guid: bd58e175-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$MakingSomething

#$BatchManufacturingEvent batch manufacturing event **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of manufacturing events. In each #$BatchManufacturingEvent, the product is produced in batches, with a batch produced at the end of each such event. #$BatchManufacturingEvents can be applied over and over to similar inputs to produce similar batches. Batches may consist of discrete objects or may be masses of some stuff.
> guid: bd58f7b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Manufacturing

#$MassManufacturing mass production **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In a typical #$MassManufacturing event, a mob of the same kind of product is produced in one `production cycle'. [A `mob' is `a large number.']
> guid: bd58f7ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Manufacturing

#$ContinuousManufacturingProcess continuous manufacturing process **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each element of this collection is a continuous manufacturing process that can be kept going arbitrarily long (depending on, e.g., the availability of inputs, power, labor, etc.). Product begins to be produced some time after the process is started and continues to be produced during the run. A hallmark of continuous (vs. batch or run) manufacturing is that inputs are added continously or periodically, and outputs and byproducts are removed continously or periodically, during the process.
> guid: bd58f831-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Manufacturing

#$ManufacturingRun manufacturing runs **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each #$ManufacturingRun is a single iteration of a process that intentionally produces a stream of products. A #$ManufacturingRun may consist of several steps, each of which is typically a #$Manufacturing. A #$ManufacturingRun does not include ancillary events associated with the manufacturing, such as collection of materials, disposal of waste, or quality control inspection of the product. Those other events are sibling subEvents of the #$ManufacturingRun, within a #$ProductionEvent.
> guid: bd588409-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Manufacturing

#$ManufacturingASingleObject manufacturing a single object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$ManufacturingASingleObject event, manufacturing procedures are applied to only a single object or a single chunk of stuff. This includes both one-off creation events such as carving a statue, and also can be a `slice' of a #$MassManufacturing event in which all that is considered is how one single small lump of stuff or set of parts gets acted on to become some new thing. In the latter case, then, what is `produced' is one car, one can of Coke, etc., even though that is just one part or iteration of a mass manufacturing event taking place.
> guid: bd58f8b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Manufacturing

#$Assembling assemblies (creation events) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Assembling event, physical objects are combined by fastening them together in some way to produce a new object.
> guid: bd58b3aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$MakingSomething

#$Labelling labelling **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Labelling, a label is attached to a product, typically in order to promote the sale of that product. The label may be fastened by any means of connection, including glue, staples, and sewing.
> guid: bd590bcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$ApplyingSomethingToSurface

#$Packing packing **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$Packing, some object(s) is/are put into a package. Note: Although #$Packing is a type of event, not a type of process, nevertheless one sometimes `packs an item' for shipment by partially disassembling it and then `packing it' in several packages, and that is seen as one single instance of #$Packing, even though each of the individual packages being packed is also seen as a #$Packing. For a related concept, see #$PackagingEvent.
> guid: bd58f133-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$MakingSomething

#$MakingFn making fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$MakingFn is a Cyc function, in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction. (#$MakingFn TYPE) denotes the set of events in which elements of some TYPE of thing are made (whether manufactured, constructed, produced, etc.) E.g., (#$MakingFn #$Automobile) is the set of events in which cars are manufactured. Having this function saves us from having to create tens of thousands of new terms for peanut-butter-making, business-card-making, etc.
> guid: bd58b4a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$UnaryFunction #$Individual

#$products product **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$products EV OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the intended outputs of event EV. For unintended outputs, see #$byProducts. For a particular EV and OBJ, it will not be true that both (#$products EV OBJ) and (#$byProducts EV OBJ).
> guid: bd5906e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$outputs

#$byProducts by-product (actor slot) **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate relates a given purposeful action of physically creating or destroying something to an unintended tangible output (see #$outputs) of that action. (#$byProducts EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is one of the outputs of EVENT, but not one of its intended outputs. For intended outputs, see #$products. Note that no output can be _both_ a product and a by-product of the same event, i.e. (#$negationPreds #$products #$byProducts) holds.
> guid: bd58c25c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FunctionalPredicate #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$outputs

#$wasteProducts waste product **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$wasteProducts EV OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the by-products of EV which is disposed of, rather than used or sold. See also #$unwantedMatter.
> guid: bd58c21a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FunctionalPredicate #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$byProducts

#$ShapingSomething shaping events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events in which something (usually more or less plastic in nature) is given a definite shape, or has its shape changed, through the purposeful actions of an agent. In many (but not all) cases, an instance of #$ShapingSomething is also a #$PhysicalCreationEvent (e.g. #$MakingPottery). Normally, elements of #$ShapingSomething are concerned with the basic, overall shape of an object. Thus, a #$PolishingSomething event, which doesn't affect the basic shape of the #$objectOfStateChange, is not a #$ShapingSomething.
> guid: bd58a872-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$MaterialHandling #$ShapeChangeEvent
> direct generalization of: #$SpreadingOntoSurface #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial

#$Extruding extrusions (creation events) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Extruding event, the shape of something is changed by forcing it through a die. The #$objectActedOn in an #$Extruding must be in a #$LiquidStateOfMatter, which also includes plastic/putty-like `solids'. Unless the die changes shape during the #$Extruding, the output is a generalized cylinder, whose cross-section is the shape of the hole(s) in the die, and whose length is usually much larger than its diameter. Sometimes the output remains in more or less #$LiquidStateOfMatter, and so quickly loses this shape, such as happens when a soft-ice-cream dispenser extrudes a `ribbon' of ice cream. See also #$Molding.
> guid: bd589e46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial #$MakingSomething

#$Molding molded **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Molding, a mold is used to form a softened substance so that it hardens into (and retains) a specific shape.
> guid: bd58f1ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial

#$Carving carving (cutting) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Carving, the shape of an object is changed by removing pieces of it, usually with some kind of tool. Some instances of #$Carving are also instances of #$IBOCreation (like carving a statue of someone), in which some image or information is encoded into the product; but not all are.
> guid: c0ed14f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CuttingInPieces #$ShapingSomething

#$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial forging **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial event, an object's shape is changed without removing part of the original object.
> guid: bd58f8a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ShapeChangeWithoutLosingMaterial #$ShapingSomething
> direct generalization of: #$SpreadingASubstance

#$SeparationEvent separations

> A sub-collection of #$PhysicalEvent. In each instance of #$SeparationEvent, an object is cut, scraped, broken, cracked or pulverized, so that part of the object is no longer attached where it once was. Note that the part need not be completely separated from the object; it may still be attached in places. See the specialization #$Separation-Complete for the case of complete separation.
> guid: bd58a50f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalEvent
> direct generalization of: #$DecompositionProcess #$Separation-Complete #$Splitting #$ShreddingEvent #$Cracking #$CuttingSomething

#$Separation-Complete complete separations

> A specialization of #$SeparationEvent. In each instance of #$Separation-Complete, one object is separated into two or more distinct, unconnected pieces.
> guid: bd58a48e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$SeparationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$RemovingSomething #$SeparatingAMixture #$ShatteringEvent #$Ablation #$PulverizationEvent #$CuttingInPieces

#$Ablation ablations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In an #$Ablation, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object.
> guid: bd58b6b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$RemovingSomething
> direct generalization of: #$AbradingSomething

#$FusionEvent fusing **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$FusionEvent, two or more objects fuse together, yielding a product.
> guid: bd58ad78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalSynthesis

#$Plating plating **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Plating event, an object made of metal is coated with a very thin layer of a different metal. The coating process is done in such a way as to permanently bond the two layers.
> guid: bd58ad42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$ApplyingStuffToSurface

#$ElectroPlating electroplating **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$ElectroPlating event, some metal is coated with a thin layer of another metal, with the aid of an electric current. Some instances of #$Galvanizing will also be instances of this collection.
> guid: bd58adba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent

#$Galvanizing galvanizations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Galvanizing event, iron or steel is coated with zinc. This coating is usually accomplished by hot-dipping, but can be done with the aid of an electric current.
> guid: bd58ab8d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$ApplyingStuffToSurface

#$ApplyingSomethingToSurface applications (guided) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingSomethingToSurface event, something is applied to a surface.
> guid: bd588cf1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$MaterialHandling
> direct generalization of: #$ApplyingStuffToSurface #$SpreadingOntoSurface

#$MarkingOnASurface marking (handling)

> A specialization of both #$MaterialHandling and #$IBOCreation. Each instance of #$MarkingOnASurface is an event in which visible markings are placed on a surface by an agent (see the collection #$Agent). The marking may be done by adding material to a surface (as in instances of #$Painting-Activity) or removing material from a surface (as in instances of #$EngravingEvent).
> guid: bd588d33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$IBOCreation #$MaterialHandling
> direct generalization of: #$WritingByHand

#$IBOCreation creations of an information-bearing object

> A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent and #$IBTGeneration. Each instance of #$IBOCreation is an event in which an instance of #$InformationBearingObject (hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of #$IBOCreation include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its content may be either original, be copied from a prior #$InformationBearingThing, or be instantiated from an existing #$ConceptualWork.
> guid: bd621044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanActivity #$IBTGeneration #$PhysicalCreationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$MarkingOnASurface #$InformationRecordingProcess

#$BiologicalProductionEvent biological production **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent and #$BiologicalEvent. In each instance of #$BiologicalProductionEvent, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and at least one instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.) is the producer. Specializations of #$BiologicalProductionEvent include #$SecretionEvent and #$BiologicalReproductionEvent.
> guid: bd58c40f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalCreationEvent #$Production-Generic #$BiologicalEvent
> direct generalization of: #$SecretionEvent #$BiologicalReproductionEvent

#$BiologicalGrowthEvent growth (biological event) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each element of #$BiologicalGrowthEvent, a living structure (not necessarily a whole organism) increases in size.
> guid: bd58bcbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$BiologicalEvent #$PhysicalCreationEvent

#$BiologicalReproductionEvent reproduction events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$BiologicalProductionEvent. Each instance of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent is an event in which one or more biological organisms (related to the event by #$parentActors) produce new organisms (related to the event by #$offspringActors), generally of the same kind as the parents.
> guid: bd58d8c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$BiologicalProductionEvent
> direct generalization of: #$SexualReproductionEvent

#$parentActors parent (actor slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$parentActors EV P) means that organism P is one of the parents in the #$BiologicalReproductionEvent EV.
> guid: bd58d9cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$preActors

#$offspringActors offspring (actor slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$offspringActors EVENT ORGANISM) means that ORGANISM is an offspring created in the #$BiologicalReproductionEvent EVENT .
> guid: bd58d98a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$temporallyIntersects

#$AsexualReproductionEvent asexual reproduction **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each element of #$AsexualReproductionEvent, an organism produces offspring via asexual means. E.g., mitotic division by instances of #$SingleCellOrganism; and budding, root-sprouting, etc., for (various) instances of #$Plant).
> guid: bd589292-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$BiologicalReproductionEvent

#$SexualReproductionEvent sexual reproduction **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent. In each instance of #$SexualReproductionEvent, two #$parentActors produce one or more offspring. Sexual activity which does not result in offspring is not included in this concept. On the other hand, if offspring begin to develop, but never finish (e.g., it just hasn't finished yet, or the mother dies, or the offspring is aborted, or the offspring doesn't survive to independence, etc.), then that is still considered an instance of #$SexualReproductionEvent but an incomplete one. The example of #$SexualReproductionEvent most familiar to most people is when two mammals, one male and one female, mate; sperm from the male combines with one or more eggs inside the female and the resulting offspring develop(s), inside the female parent and dependent upon her for nutrition, until it/they is/are born. However, #$SexualReproductionEvent is more general than that, and would include these examples: Two birds mate; the female lays one or more eggs; both parents incubate the eggs until they hatch. Two fish engage in courtship; the female expells her eggs; the male expells his sperm on top of them, and they swim away leaving many fertilized eggs to develop into juvenile fish. One oak tree's flowers give off airborne pollen; some grains land on the stigma of another tree's flower and fertilize the ovary inside, which then develops into an acorn which is shed by the female parent at the end of summer.
> guid: bd58e9a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$BiologicalReproductionEvent

#$BiologicalFusionEvent biological fusion **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each element of #$BiologicalFusionEvent, living structures fuse to form a single living structure.
> guid: bd58bcff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$FusionEvent #$BiologicalProductionEvent

#$ReproductiveFertilizationEvent fertilization (biological event) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each element of #$ReproductiveFertilizationEvent, gametes fuse to form a zygote.
> guid: bd58a9d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$FusionEvent

#$SecretionEvent secreting

> A specialization of both #$EmittingAnObject and #$BiologicalProductionEvent. Each instance of #$SecretionEvent is an event in which a living animal or plant secretes from its body some instance of #$Secretion-Bodily (q.v.).
> guid: bd58c3cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$EmittingAnObject #$BiologicalProductionEvent

#$Salivating salivated **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Salivating event, an #$Animal secretes #$Saliva from its #$SalivaryGlands. #$Salivating is a natural bodily function, occurring in the #$Mouth.
> guid: bd58c48f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MammalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$SecretionEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary

#$MilkSecretionEvent lactating **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each #$MilkSecretionEvent is done by the mammary glands of (female) #$Mammals as a natural process with the function of nourishing the female's offspring. The secreted milk is stored in the mammary glands until it is drawn out in some fashion.
> guid: bd58c44a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$SecretionEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary

#$MakingAnAgreement agreement-making events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$CreationEvent. Each instance of #$MakingAnAgreement is an event in which two or more agents specify the terms of an agreement (see the collection #$Agreement) to which they will be agreeing parties (see the predicate #$agreeingAgents), and subsequently enter into that agreement. Specializations of #$MakingAnAgreement include #$EngagementEventPart-BecomingEngaged, #$EmployeeHiring, #$DeclaringCeaseFire, and #$MakingAReservation.
> guid: bd58a184-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CooperationEvent #$Communicating #$CreationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$EmployeeHiring

#$MakingAReservation reserved **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$MakingAReservation event, something (e.g., a room, table, car) is reserved for future use by an agent. If successful, the result is a #$Reservation.
> guid: bd60f51d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$GainingUserRights #$MakingAnAgreement

#$DeclaringCeaseFire declaring cease fire **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$DeclaringCeaseFire event, some parties are #$MakingAnAgreement to halt their armed conflict.
> guid: bd58ccb5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MakingAnAgreement

#$EmployeeHiring employee-hiring events

> A specialization of both #$MakingAnAgreement and #$OrganizationalTransferIn. Each instance of #$EmployeeHiring is an event in which some agent--either an organization or an individual--hires a person to work as its employee. See also #$employees, #$WorkAgreement.
> guid: bd58d9c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MakingAnAgreement #$OrganizationalTransferIn

#$RegisteringForAService registration **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each #$RegisteringForAService entails an act of recording one's identity (usually at least by name) and making an agreement to pay for a service to be rendered at some future time, perhaps almost immediately. Typical examples are registering at a university, registering to attend a conference, registering for a hotel room, etc. Payment (or some guarantee of payment) typically occurs at the time of registration, before the service is received.
> guid: bd58afbe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$MakingAnAgreement

#$MakingAnAppointment making an appointment **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$MakingAnAppointment, two or more people agree to meet at a particular time and place, generally for some agreed-upon purpose. Sometimes, the appointment is made between a person and an institution (such as a medical clinic) rather than another person. Less commonly, one might even make an appointment with oneself, to reserve a set time to do some activity.
> guid: bd58d278-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MakingAnAgreement

#$Mixing mixed (handling) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Mixing, two or more substances are combined to form a #$Mixture.
> guid: bd58e9f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalCreationEvent #$Incorporation-Physical #$MaterialHandling

#$DiggingAHole burrows **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$DiggingAHole, one or more agents (usually #$Animals) removes material from some substrate (such as the soil), so that a hole is formed. If the digger is a person, tools or heavy equipment may be used; other organisms just use their claws, snouts, etc. A borderline case of this concept occurs when a plant's roots grow. Another borderline case occurs when an animal finds an existing hole and enlarges it.
> guid: bd589527-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalCreationEvent

#$DestructionEvent destruction events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$DestructionEvent, at least one instance of #$Entity (the #$inputsDestroyed) ceases to exist.
> guid: bd58f920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CreationOrDestructionEvent
> direct generalization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent

#$inputsDestroyed thing destroyed **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$inputsDestroyed is used to relate a particular event to the items which are destroyed by it. (#$inputsDestroyed EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists before EVENT, is affected by EVENT, and due to that involvement, the entity ENTITY such that (#$entitySubAbstractions OBJECT ENTITY) ends its existence as an #$Entity sometime during EVENT. (As does the OBJECT as its present instantiation of #$SomethingExisting.) For instance, suppose (#$inputsDestroyed AppleEatingEvent001 RedApple001), then the SomethingExisting, RedApple001 is destroyed in the event and, as importantly, so is the apple entity of which the red apple is a subabstraction. OBJECT may or may not be a #$deliberateActors in EVENT.
> guid: bd658d50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$damages #$inputs

#$outputsRemaining output remaining afterwards **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate relates physical destruction events to surviving parts of the things destroyed in those events. (#$outputsRemaining EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT persists after EVENT, and that it existed before EVENT as an identifiable part of one of the things destroyed during EVENT (see #$inputsDestroyed). Examples: (1) when a sheet of plywood is sawn through, the original board is destroyed and the remaining-outputs are the two smaller plywood pieces; (2) when a mixture undergoes a #$FiltrationProcess, the mixture itself is destroyed, while both the material that was in suspension (see #$suspendedPart) and the fluid it was suspended in (see #$suspendingFluid) are remaining-outputs.
> guid: bd64e092-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$preActors #$outputs

#$ShatteringEvent shattering **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$ShatteringEvent, something is destroyed by being broken into a mob of pieces. [A `mob' means `a large but indeterminate number of things not arranged in any order'] Since the salient parts of the #$inputsDestroyed must be #$Brittle in order for this to happen, fluids (such as liquid water) and elastic stuff (such as rubber at room temperature) will generally not undergo any #$ShatteringEvents. Items which can be an #$objectActedOn in shattering events are typically made of glass, pottery, bone, plaster, etc. Many substances, particularly solid metals and alloys, are extremely difficult to shatter.
> guid: bd5889dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Separation-Complete #$PhysicalDestructionEvent

#$DisasterEvent disasters **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$DisasterEvent, a large group of people (or, in decreasing order of likelihood of usage of this concept, a large group of animals, plants, corporations, etc.) are at very high risk of injury or property damage, or in which a lot of injury and property damage occurs even though the risk was low.
> guid: c0fd58cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Famine

#$ShreddingEvent shredded **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$ShreddingEvent, the #$inputsDestroyed are destroyed by a large number of #$Ripping #$subEvents. An example would be the tearing of office files into tiny pieces by a machine designed for that purpose. A shirt suddenly tearing due to pressure applied by the wearer's muscles would, however, not be an instance of #$ShreddingEvent, only of #$Ripping.
> guid: bd58e23d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$SeparationEvent #$PhysicalDestructionEvent

#$PulverizationEvent pulverized **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$PulverizationEvent, some #$SolidTangibleThing is turned into #$Powder or a #$LiquidStateOfMatter through the application of a force.
> guid: bd58eccf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$Separation-Complete #$PhysicalDestructionEvent

#$Grinding ground (handling) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Grinding event, a substance is broken or torn into smaller pieces through the steady application of force, typically in a circular motion.
> guid: bd58b0df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PulverizationEvent #$MaterialHandling

#$Chewing chewed **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Chewing event, foodstuff is mashed in the mouth. An element of #$Chewing consists of a large number of #$Biting sub-events. Anatomical resources required for a #$Chewing are a tongue and whatever hard surfaces the species involved uses for #$Biting, e.g., teeth. The teeth go up and down or grind, and the tongue maneuvers the food around.
> guid: bd58cec3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ControllableAutonomousActionType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PulverizationEvent #$VoluntaryBodyMovement

#$Blending blending **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Blending event, the substance involved (one or more) is stirred so vigorously that it liquefies (if it isn't already liquid) or becomes a smoother liquid. Where two or more substances are involved, the output is a mixture of all the substances that were #$inputs to the #$Blending.
> guid: bd58f0a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PulverizationEvent

#$BiologicalDestructionEvent biological destruction **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$BiologicalEvent. In each instance of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent, something is destroyed by some instance(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject (q.v.). Notable specializations of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent include #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent, #$DigestionEvent, and #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent.
> guid: bd58b316-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$BiologicalEvent
> direct generalization of: #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent

#$BiologicalCatabolismEvent catabolism **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent involve the destruction of larger molecules. E.g., the degradation of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which releases energy used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
> guid: bd58ef47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent #$BiologicalDestructionEvent

#$BiologicalDecompositionEvent decaying (biological event) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent, some living structures are decomposed.
> guid: bd58b294-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$DecompositionEvent #$BiologicalDestructionEvent
> direct generalization of: #$DigestionEvent

#$Dying deaths **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each instance of #$Dying is an event in which a living organism (an instance of #$Organism-Whole) ceases to live and thus ceases to exist. The physical portion of the organism may remain, but that is not considered an instance of #$Organism-Whole (cf. #$DeadAnimal). Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event by #$bodilyDoer (q.v.)--in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is the #$objectActedOn in a #$Killing-Biological event (which will have some #$Dying event among its #$subEvents), and cf. #$bodilyActedOn.
> guid: bd590953-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$SingleDoerAction #$BiologicalEvent

#$Killing-Biological killing **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent and #$AnimalActivity. In each instance of #$Killing-Biological, one living organism ends (either intentionally or unintentionally) the life of another living organism.
> guid: bd58ac2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$MammalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$AnimalActivity #$HarmingAnAgent

#$DigestionEvent digestion **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. For most animals, a #$DigestionEvent starts at the mouth and, for most vertebrates, ends at the anus. This concept should not be confused with #$DigestingInStomach, whose instances occur only in an organism's #$Stomach. A #$DigestionEvent spans the whole #$DigestiveSystem, from start to finish.
> guid: bd588d98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$SingleDoerAction #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent #$AnimalActivity #$BiologicalTransportationEvent

#$EatingEvent eating (consuming)

> A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is an event which involves the consumption of a substantial portion of food (i.e., a portion larger than a morsel) by one animal. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual #$EatingAMorsel (q.v.) events.
> guid: bd58d570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
> direct generalization of: #$HavingAMeal

#$DrinkingEvent drinking (consuming) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a single individual consumes a portion of some drink. A #$DrinkingEvent typically consists of several instances of #$DrinkingASip. See #$EatingEvent.
> guid: bd58eeee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$FluidFlow-Complete #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink

#$Dissolving dissolving events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a solvent and a solute mix to form a solution.
> guid: be0116b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent

#$SeparatingAMixture separating a mixture **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a #$Mixture is separated into two or more #$constituents.
> guid: be010756-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ReversibleProcess #$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$Separation-Complete

#$Electrolyzing electrolyses **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$Electrolyzing, a liquid is subjected to the action of an electrical current passing through it.
> guid: be0118d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$ElectricalEvent #$SeparatingAMixture

#$FiltrationProcess filtered **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each #$FiltrationProcess is an event in which a fluid is passed through a filter, removing suspended particles larger than the pore size of the filter used.
> guid: bd5906a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$SeparatingAMixture #$Translation-Flow

#$Distilling distillation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a liquid mixture is heated up to the boiling point of at least one of its liquid #$constituents. That constituent vaporizes and the vapor is trapped and allowed to cool, thus separating (some or most of) that constituent from the mixture.
> guid: be010b38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$SeparatingAMixture

#$Centrifuging centrifuging **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a fluid is centrifuged (ie., spun rapidly around, simulating a very strong gravitational force) in order to separate suspended particles of varying density.
> guid: be010b9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$SeparatingAMixture

#$TransformationEvent transforms **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$TransformationEvent , at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing comes into existence. Usually at least some portion of the thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s) that are created. Note: this collection is a superset of, but NOT coextensional with, #$TransformationProcess (q.v.).
> guid: bd589b02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$PhysicalCreationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$PolishingSomething #$PreparingFoodOrDrink #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent #$ChemicalReaction #$TransformationProcess #$EnergyConversionProcess

#$TransformationProcess transforms **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The collection of #$TransformationEvents that also are instances of #$TemporalStuffType. That is, each of their temporal parts is also a #$TransformationEvent, in which something is destroyed and something created. Note: It is often the case that a #$TransformationEvent is NOT a #$TransformationProcess --- e.g., there may be several preparation stages, and then at the end everything is brought together and the foaming starts, or the butterfly emerges, or whatever transformation occurs. So #$TransformationProcess is a small subcollection of #$TransformationEvent (qv).
> guid: bd589b87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$TransformationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$OxidationProcess #$DecompositionProcess

#$StateOfMatterChangeEvent physical state change events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another. Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy). Each particular instance of #$Boiling, #$Freezing, #$Evaporating, #$Condensing, #$Melting, etc. is an instance of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, #$Solid-StateOfMatter, #$Plasma-StateOfMatter, #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter. See #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState and its individual state constants.
> guid: bd5884ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ReversibleProcess #$TransformationEvent #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Freezing #$Boiling #$Evaporating #$SublimatingToSolid #$Sublimating #$Melting #$Condensing

There are two ways of viewing a #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent. One is that a quantity of some substance changes from one physical state to another (H2O in a liquid state changes to a solid state in a #$Freezing event). Under this view, #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent is not a kind of #$TransformationEvent. The second view is that one #$Entity is either destroyed or created in a #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent (frost appears on a window, dew evaporates from the grass, or a puddle ceases to exist and a chunk of ice comes into existence). Under this view, #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent is indeed a subset of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent. Cyc employs both views, each in a different #$Microtheory.
#$Boiling boiling events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each #$Boiling, a piece of liquid matter is raised to its #$boilingPoint and is thereby changed from being in the #$LiquidStateOfMatter to being in the #$GaseousStateOfMatter. Note: this is not intended to cover the cases of heat/evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.
> guid: bd589c37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent

#$Condensing condensation processes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$Condensing, a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point where the relative humidity (or similar partial pressure measure if something other than water is condensing) is greater than 100%, changing part of a component of the gas from the #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter to the #$Liquid-StateOfMatter.
> guid: be01163d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HeatProductionProcess #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent

#$Melting melting events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its #$freezingPoint and is thereby changed from a #$SolidStateOfMatter to a #$LiquidStateOfMatter.
> guid: bd58f9f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent

#$Freezing freezing events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, an object is cooled to (and then below) its #$freezingPoint and is thereby changed from a #$LiquidStateOfMatter to a #$SolidStateOfMatter.
> guid: bd58a837-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent #$CoolingProcess #$HeatProductionProcess

#$DecompositionProcess decomposition **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events in which some object decomposes. I.e., in a #$DecompositionProcess event, some object's matter undergoes chemical reactions (sometimes mediated by microorganisms) that eventually result in the object losing its shape and material characteristics. This may sometimes superficially resemble #$Melting, but it is a different process.
> guid: bd58b2de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$TransformationProcess #$SeparationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Explosion #$CombustionProcess #$DecompositionEvent

#$OxidationProcess oxidation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, some amount of #$Oxygen reacts with (`reduces') another substance and releases energy in the process.
> guid: be010767-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$TransformationProcess

#$ChemicalReaction chemical reactions **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events; a subcollection of #$TransformationEvent. Each instance of #$ChemicalReaction is an event in which two or more substances undergo a chemical change, i.e., some portions of the substances involved are transformed into different #$ChemicalCompoundTypes. The transformations are brought about by purely chemical (including biochemical) means which affect chemical bonds between atoms in the molecules of stuff, rather than by physical means, biological means, or purposeful planning, etc. Examples of #$ChemicalReaction: instances of #$CombustionProcess; instances of #$Photosynthesis-Generic.
> guid: bd589bc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$ChemicalInteraction #$TransformationEvent

#$EnergyConversionProcess energy conversion processes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$EnergyConversionProcess, energy is converted from one form to another.
> guid: bd58f827-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$TransformationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Explosion #$CombustionProcess

#$ElectricalPowerGeneration electrical power generation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, electrical current is produced, by converting either mechanical or chemical energy to electrical energy.
> guid: c10aeb60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$EnergyConversionProcess

#$energySource energy source (binary role predicate) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used to identify a particular source of energy used in a particular event. (#$energySource EVENT ENERGYSOURCE) means that ENERGYSOURCE provides (some of) the energy used in EVENT. ENERGYSOURCE might be a battery, the sun, a person, etc.
> guid: bd58ea4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IndividualLevelPredicate #$BinaryRolePredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$temporallyIntersects

#$CombustionProcess fires (energy conversion processes) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each #$CombustionProcess is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place. These always have heat as an output and often involve emission of light as well (typically, flames). The #$objectActedOn in a #$CombustionProcess is at least partly consumed. See also #$Flammability.
> guid: bd58c04e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$EnergyConversionProcess #$DecompositionProcess

#$Explosion eruptions **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each instance of #$Explosion is an event that involve an extremely violent, chaotic release of energy. It is not exactly controlled, even in the best circumstances, though it may be contained and channelled to do useful work (such as within the cylinders of a car engine, or such as when a hole is blasted for a backyard swimming pool.)
> guid: be00f76e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$EnergyConversionProcess #$DecompositionProcess

### Other Relevant Constants

#$commitsForFutureUses thing permanently committed **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$commitsForFutureUses EVENT OBJECT) means that as a result of EVENT, OBJECT is subsequently put into a configuration and/or a form where it is serving some ongoing #$Role. Things which are re-usable in their typical uses: a videocassette, a battery, a brick, an artist's canvas, a canvas tent. Non-reusable things: paint, glue, mortar. See also #$inputsCommitted, #$recyclableActors. Consider a brick in a wall in a building. It is `committed for future use' in the role of part-of-a-wall in the event of that building existing. While the building is standing, it can't be part-of-a-wall in another building, though it could serve other roles such as an artistic accent, or to anchor a coat-hook. After the building is torn down, that brick might still be intact, and could be used as part-of-a-wall in a future building. Notice that the brick isn't necessarily transformed by being part of a wall. However, so long as OBJECT serves the use to which it is `assigned' by EVENT, OBJECT is unavailable to be assigned the same #$Role by another event of the same type, at least an event that would temporally intersect with this committed use of OBJECT. That is what is meant by it being `committed' for a particular future use. An object may be re-used in a similar event, ONLY IF the #$Role to which it was assigned in EVENT either comes to its natural end or is given up (or thwarted), or in cases where EVENT is composed of discontinous pieces of time --- to illustrate that latter case, consider a tent that's used to shelter a certain group of workers on weekdays, but is used to shelter a different group in a different location on weekends.
> guid: bd5907f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorUseTypeSlot
> direct specialization of: #$preActors

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