## Materials

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Last Update: 4/5/02
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### Generic Collections For Materials

#$InanimateThing inanimate objects

> A subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$InanimateThing is an (at least partly) tangible thing that is not currently a living structure. Things that were never alive, dead organisms, and dead (or completely non-functioning) organism parts are included in this collection. Examples: #$YaleUniversity, a piece of #$Meat, a dead armadillo, the #$StatueOfLiberty, and a pile of #$Sawdust. Two important specializations of this collection are #$InanimateThing-Natural and #$InanimateThing-NonNatural
> guid: bd5905ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible
> direct generalization of: #$InanimateThing-Natural #$Particle #$InorganicStuff #$InanimateThing-NonNatural #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject #$Oil #$Oxide #$PureCompound #$ElementStuff #$PathArtifactSystem

#$InorganicStuff inorganic substances **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$InorganicStuff is a tangible thing which is wholly composed of one or more types of inorganic #$Molecule. Instances of #$InorganicStuff usually didn't originate as parts or products of living things.
> guid: bd590a05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$InanimateThing
> direct generalization of: #$Glass #$Mineral #$Metal

#$OrganicStuff organic substances

> A collection of tangible things. Each instance of #$OrganicStuff is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic #$Molecule. Instances of #$OrganicStuff usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things. Since some organic substances can be synthesized, #$OrganicStuff is not a subset of #$NaturalTangibleStuff. Chemically, instances of #$OrganicStuff have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures. Examples include all instances of the collections #$Oil, #$DNAStuff, #$Alcohol-Compound, #$Ivory, and #$AnimalBodyPart.
> guid: bd58c3d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffCompositionType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible
> direct generalization of: #$BiologicalLivingObject #$VegetableMatter #$Oil #$Food #$DeadAnimal #$Food-ReadyToEat

#$NaturalTangibleStuff naturally occurring tangible things

> An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a sub-collection of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$NaturalTangibleStuff is a naturally occurring partially tangible thing. Specializations of #$NaturalTangibleStuff include #$EarthStuff, #$Wood, and #$Air. Man-made materials are _not_ instances of #$NaturalTangibleStuff.
> guid: bd58d55a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible
> direct generalization of: #$InanimateThing-Natural #$Secretion-Bodily #$BiologicalLivingObject #$VegetableMatter

#$PhysicalAttribute physical attributes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$AttributeValue. Each instance of #$PhysicalAttribute is a measurable attribute (roughly, an attribute that can in principle be measured by some physical instrument) of either a physical event (see the collection #$PhysicalEvent) or a partially tangible object (see the collection #$PartiallyTangible). For example, instances of the collection #$Speed are #$PhysicalAttributes that can be attributes of #$PhysicalEvents (e.g., instances of #$WavePropagation have speeds), as well as attributes of #$PartiallyTangibles. On the other hand, instances of #$Mass can only be attributes of partially tangible objects (consequently, #$Mass is a specialization of #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly, an important specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute). Notable specializations of #$PhysicalAttribute include #$Frequency, #$Area, and #$Distance.
> guid: bd590a22-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$AttributeValue
> direct generalization of: #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly #$SurfaceAttribute

#$MaterialStrengthType types of material strength **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of collections. Each instance of #$MaterialStrengthType is a specific collection of attributes used in determining the strength of a material. Examples: #$Hardness, #$Malleability, #$Ductility, #$Elasticity.
> guid: bd58d2da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType

#$Particle particles (inanimate objects) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$PartiallyTangible and #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$Particle is a smallish liquid or solid tangible thing, usually small enough to be blown about by ordinary gusts of wind, and possibly much smaller. Specializations of #$Particle include the collections #$CornMeal, #$SandParticle, #$Sawdust, #$DustParticle, and #$Sugar-Table.
> guid: bd58f47e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$InanimateThing
> direct generalization of: #$PrecipitationParticle

### Attributes Of Materials

#$massOfObject mass (measure) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$massOfObject OBJ MASS) means that the tangible object OBJ has #$Mass MASS.
> guid: bd590b21-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$PhysicalAmountSlot
> direct specialization of: #$sizeParameterOfObject

#$volumeOfObject volume (measure)

> (#$volumeOfObject OBJECT VOLUME) means that the #$SpatialThing OBJECT has the #$Volume VOLUME.
> guid: bd58dbad-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$PhysicalAmountSlot
> direct specialization of: #$sizeParameterOfObject

#$widthOfObject width (measure) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$widthOfObject OBJECT WIDTH) means that the #$Distance across OBJECT from one side boundary to the opposite side boundary is WIDTH. Side boundaries are roughly perpendicular to the top and bottom of the object. Note that some objects have widths by virtue of having one or more intrinsic default orientations (see #$BilateralObject and its specializations), while some objects have widths by virtue of having orientations determined only in relation to their environments. In any case, having a width requires being at least two-dimensional (see #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing). See also #$lengthOfObject, #$heightOfObject, and #$depthOfObject.
> guid: bd58e003-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$PhysicalAmountSlot
> direct specialization of: #$dimensionsOfObject #$sizeParameterOfObject

#$lengthOfObject length (measure)

> (#$lengthOfObject OBJECT LENGTH) means that the length of OBJECT is LENGTH. Which dimension of a given object counts as its length partly depends on such things as the type of object it is, its shape, and its spatial relations to other objects in its environment. Length is normally measured as the #$Distance from (what one intuitively thinks of as) one end of the object to its other end , and often corresponds to the dimension of the object that has the greatest magnitude. Some types of objects (e.g. trains and yachts) have front and back ends -- and thus lengths -- by virtue of having an intrinsic default orientation (see #$FrontAndBackSidedObject and the other specializations of #$BilateralObject). For some other types of objects (e.g. shoelaces and hair strands), length is determined by that dimension that is of much greater magnitude, relatively speaking, than any of the object's other dimensions. Still other objects have lengths by virtue of having orientations determined only in relation to their environments (e.g. the length of a row of adjacent buldings might be the distance across the side of the row that faces the street, whether or not that happens to be the row's dimension of greatest magnitude). See also #$widthOfObject, #$heightOfObject, and #$depthOfObject.
> guid: bd58db66-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IndividualLevelPredicate #$PhysicalAmountSlot
> direct specialization of: #$dimensionsOfObject #$sizeParameterOfObject

#$heightOfObject height (measure)

> A #$PhysicalAmountSlot used for stating the heights of tangible objects and other (polydimensional) spatial things. (#$heightOfObject OBJECT HEIGHT) means that the #$Distance (q.v.) from OBJECT's bottom boundary to its top boundary is HEIGHT. Top and bottom are often determined by an object's intrinsic default orientation, if it has one (see #$TopAndBottomSidedObject). But some objects have tops and bottoms -- and thus heights -- only by virtue of their spatial relations to certain other objects in their environments. In any case, having a height requires being at least two-dimensional (see #$TwoOrHigherDimensionalThing). See also #$lengthOfObject, #$widthOfObject, and #$depthOfObject.
> guid: bd58e044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$PhysicalAmountSlot
> direct specialization of: #$dimensionsOfObject #$sizeParameterOfObject

#$Density densities **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Density is a measure of an aspect of a tangible object, namely, its mass per volume. Instances of #$Density include #$DenseAsOil, #$GaseousDensity, and #$SolidDensity. See also the predicate #$densityOfObject, which relates an object to its density.
> guid: bd589819-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$densityOfObject density of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$densityOfObject OBJ DENS) means that the tangible thing OBJ has the #$Density DENS.
> guid: bd5898e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate

#$Hardness hardnesses **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Hardness is a level of pressure a tangible material can withstand before deforming or fragmenting. Hardnesses may be characterized using a #$GenericValueFunction (q.v.), or relative to certain substances, e.g., #$HardAsARock. See also the predicate #$hardnessOfObject, which relates a physical object to its level of #$Hardness.
> guid: bd58b1c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MaterialStrengthType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$hardnessOfObject hardness of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$hardnessOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the instance of #$SolidTangibleThing OBJ has this DEGREE of #$Hardness.
> guid: bd58ae1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Rigidity rigidness (physical attribute) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Rigidity is a property of rigidity belonging to physical objects. See also the predicate #$rigidityOfObject, which relates a physical object to its #$Rigidity.
> guid: be00bbfb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$rigidityOfObject rigidness (physical attribute description slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$rigidityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has this DEGREE of #$Rigidity. A higher DEGREE of #$Rigidity means more force is required to change the shape of OBJ than for a lower DEGREE.
> guid: be00bc64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Compressibility levels of compressibility **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Compressibility is a specific capacity of a physical object to be compressed. Compressibility may be measured with a #$GenericValueFunction. Compressibilities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$compressibilityOfObject (q.v.).
> guid: be00ba02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$compressibilityOfObject compressibility of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$compressibilityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) indicates how readily the tangible object OBJ can be compressed to a smaller volume. The higher the DEGREE of compressibility, the more easily the object can be compressed to a smaller volume. A related concept is #$elasticityOfObject.
> guid: be00baaa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Cohesiveness cohesiveness **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Cohesiveness is a specific capacity of a physical object to cohere. Instances of #$Cohesiveness include #$RigidlyCohesive, #$LiquidCohesiveness, and #$HumanlySeparable. Cohesiveness of objects is indicated with the predicate #$cohesivenessOfObject.
> guid: be00bb30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$cohesivenessOfObject cohesiveness of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$cohesivenessOfObject OBJ DEGREE) indicates how tightly a tangible object OBJ coheres. A higher value of DEGREE means that it is harder to separate away chunks from the object. Degrees of #$Cohesiveness may be indicated using a #$GenericValueFunction (e.g. (#$MediumAmountFn #$Cohesiveness).
> guid: be00bb87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$ShearStrength shear strength **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$ShearStrength is a specific capacity of some physical object to resist the slipping of one segment in relation to another. Shear strengths are designated using a #$GenericValueFunction; higher value means more resistance to slippage. Shear strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate #$shearStrengthOfObject.
> guid: bd58d29e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly #$ScalarInterval

#$shearStrengthOfObject shear strength of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$shearStrengthOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has a DEGREE amount of #$ShearStrength, i.e., resistance to shearing stress.
> guid: bd58d31b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Fragile fragilities **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$DegreeOfFragility and a specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Fragile is a physical object that easily breaks.
> guid: bd58f203-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FirstOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$SolidTangibleThing

#$fragilityOfObject fragility of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$fragilityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the #$DegreeOfFragility DEGREE. The higher the fragility, the more easily the object can be broken.
> guid: bd58f1cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate #$TangibleObjectPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$isa

#$Ductility ductilities **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Ductility is a specific capacity of a physical material to be stretched, drawn, or hammered thin without breaking. Different degrees of ductility may be represented using a #$GenericValueFunction. Ductilities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$ductilityOfObject.
> guid: bd589773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MaterialStrengthType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$ductilityOfObject ductility of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$ductilityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the instance of #$SolidTangibleThing OBJ has this DEGREE of #$Ductility (q.v.).
> guid: bd58d2f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$TensileStrength tensile strength **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$TensileStrength describes a specific capacity of a physical object to withstand a force pulling it apart. The higher the tensile strength of the object, the higher the force required to pull the object apart. Different tensile strengths may be represented using a #$GenericValueFunction. Tensile strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate #$tensileStrengthOfSubstance.
> guid: bd589ee3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$tensileStrengthOfSubstance tensile strength of substance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$tensileStrengthOfSubstance OBJ DEGREE) indicates the relative force needed to pull the tangible OBJ apart. A higher DEGREE of #$TensileStrength indicates more force is required to pull the object apart.
> guid: bd58b936-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleSubstancePredicate
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Malleability malleabilities **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Malleability is a specific capacity of a physical material to be shaped or formed. Different degrees of malleability may be designated using a #$GenericValueFunction. Malleability of objects is indicated with the predicate #$malleabilityOfObject (q.v.).
> guid: bd58955d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MaterialStrengthType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$malleabilityOfObject malleability of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$malleabilityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) indicates that the instance of #$SolidTangibleThing OBJ has the degree of #$Malleability DEGREE.
> guid: bd58d339-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Elasticity elasticity **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Elasticity is a specific ability of a physical material to quickly and completely return to its original shape after deformation that does not induce breakage, without permanent change to its original dimensions. For example, billiard balls have a high degree of elasticity in this sense. Elasticities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$elasticityOfObject.
> guid: bd5884d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MaterialStrengthType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$elasticityOfObject elasticity of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> a predicate relating an instance of #$SolidTangibleThing to an instance of #$Elasticity. (#$elasticityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) indicates how readily the solid tangible thing OBJ returns to its original shape after being deformed (but not broken). The higher the DEGREE of elasticity, the more quickly and completely the object returns to its previous shape. Billiard balls, for example, are highly elastic in this sense.
> guid: bd589f65-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate

#$Viscosity viscosities **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of attributes; a subcollection of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Viscosity represents a specific viscosity (i.e., `runniness') of some substance. The lower the viscosity of a substance, the more easily it flows or spreads out. Vicosities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$viscosityOfSubstance.
> guid: bd5904a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly #$ScalarInterval

#$viscosityOfSubstance viscosity of substance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$viscosityOfSubstance LIQ VISC) means that the #$LiquidTangibleThing LIQ has the #$Viscosity VISC.
> guid: bd58959c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Porosity porosity **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Porosity is a specific porosity of some physical object. Different porosities may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Porosities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$porosityOfObject (q.v.).
> guid: be00c216-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$porosityOfObject porosity of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$porosityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the degree of #$Porosity DEGREE.
> guid: be00c2f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Flammability flammabilities (physical attributes) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of attributes; a subcollection of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Flammability represents a specific readiness with which some tangible substance burns. Different degrees of #$Flammability are represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Flammability of an object is indicated with the predicate #$flammabilityOfObject.
> guid: bd58ff84-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$Interval-BoundedBelow #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$flammabilityOfObject flammability (physical attribute description slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$flammabilityOfObject SUBST DEGREE) means that the tangible SUBST has this DEGREE of #$Flammability. A higher value of DEGREE describes objects that catch fire and burn more quickly and easily than those with a lower value.
> guid: bd58b60b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Volatility volatilities (physical attributes) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Volatility is a specific readiness of some liquid to evaporate. Higher volatility indicates a faster rate of evaporation. Volatilities of substances are indicated with the predicate #$volatilityOfSubstance (q.v.).
> guid: bd58be35-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$volatilityOfSubstance volatility (physical attribute description slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$volatilityOfSubstance SUBST DEGREE) indicates how volatile SUBST is. Objects with a higher DEGREE of #$Volatility evaporate more readily than objects with a lower DEGREE.
> guid: bd58b691-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$CorrosionResistance corrosion resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$CorrosionResistance is a specific level of resistance to corrosion had by some tangible object. Degrees of #$CorrosionResistance may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Indicate a particular object's #$CorrosionResistance with the predicate #$resistanceToCorrosion.
> guid: be00bd14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$resistanceToCorrosion resistance to corrosion **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$resistanceToCorrosion OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the stated DEGREE of #$CorrosionResistance. The higher DEGREE is, the less readily OBJ will corrode.
> guid: be00bdac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$RadiationResistance radiation resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$RadiationResistance is a specific capacity of a tangible object to resist radiation. Degrees of #$RadiationResistance may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Indicate a particular object's #$RadiationResistance with the predicate #$resistanceToRadiation.
> guid: be00bea1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval

#$resistanceToRadiation resistance to radiation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$resistanceToRadiation OBJ DEGREE) indicates how resistant a tangible object OBJ is to radiation. A higher DEGREE of resistance means that an object is less penetrable by #$ElectromagneticRadiation.
> guid: be00bf05-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$BioDeteriorationResistance bio deterioration resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$BioDeteriorationResistance is a specific capacity of a tangible object to resist biological deterioration. Degrees of #$BioDeteriorationResistance may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Indicate a particular object's #$BioDeteriorationResistance with the predicate #$resistanceToBioDeterioration.
> guid: be00bf59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly #$ScalarInterval

#$resistanceToBioDeterioration resistance to bio deterioration **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$resistanceToBioDeterioration OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the indicated DEGREE of resistance to biological deterioration.
> guid: be00c047-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Pressure pressures (quantities) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$Pressure is a specific measure of a force exerted on some surface. Degrees of #$Pressure may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions or with qualitative collections (e.g., #$BruisingPressure, #$FracturingPressure, #$ImperceptiblePressure). Indicate the #$Pressure of a particular fluid with the predicate #$fluidPressure (q.v.); indicate atmospheric pressure with #$barometricPressure (q.v.).
> guid: bd58ed13-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$fluidPressure fluid pressure **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$fluidPressure FLUID PRESS) means that the #$FluidTangibleThing FLUID exerts the #$Pressure PRESS at its surface.
> guid: bd589144-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleSubstancePredicate

#$barometricPressure barometric pressure **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$barometricPressure GAS PRESS) means that the instance of #$GaseousTangibleThing GAS has the #$Pressure PRESS. Typically, GAS is a piece of atmosphere; #$barometricPressure indicates the atmospheric pressure in and around that `object'.
> guid: bd58a16f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$Speed speeds (quantities) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$Rate. Each instance of #$Speed is a rate of change in position (of an object, wave front, etc.). Instances of #$Speed may be either fixed amounts, such as (#$MilesPerHour 55), or a range, such as #$WalkingSpeed or #$Calm-WindSpeed.
> guid: bd5891b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$Rate

#$speedOfObject-Translation speed (interval based quantity slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$speedOfObject-Translation is used to give the speed with which an object is moving in a particular translational motion. Velocity has a speed and direction. Speed is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has no direction, only magnitude. Thus, `100 miles per hour straight up' is a velocity, and `100 miles per hour' is the corresponding speed.
> guid: bd58f397-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$Color colors (physical attributes) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A subcollection of both #$PhysicalAttribute and #$SensoryAttribute. Each instance of #$Color is a specific color attribute of some object or substance. Instances of #$Color are #$CompositeAttributes, since they can vary along several dimensions (e.g., hue, brightness, chroma). Instances of #$Color include #$RedColor, #$BlackColor, and #$GoldColor-Generic. Indicate a particular object's #$Color with one of the following predicates: #$objectHasColor, #$mainColorOfObject, or #$uniformColorOfObject.
> guid: bd588231-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType #$CompositeScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$AttributeValue
> direct generalization of: #$HumanSkinColor

#$objectHasColor object has color **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$objectHasColor OBJECT COLOR) means that some visible part of OBJECT is colored COLOR. This is the most general of the color predicates; for more specialized predicates see e.g. #$mainColorOfObject and #$uniformColorOfObject. Note that, unlike these latter two predicates, #$objectHasColor is _not_ a specialization of #$hasAttributes. This is because an object's having some part that's a certain color does not entail that the object itself, as a whole, is characterized by that color in the sense of having it as an attribute.
> guid: bd58a3e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectPredicate #$BinaryAttributePredicate #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate

#$Transparency transparencies **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Transparency is a capacity of some tangible object to transmit light. Instances of #$Transparency include #$Opaque, #$Translucent, and #$Transparent. See also the predicate #$transparencyOfObject, which relates an object to its #$Transparency.
> guid: bd58f8db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval

#$Opaque opaque **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$Opaque is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Opaque objects do not transmit light. See also #$transparencyOfObject.
> guid: bd58fa7e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$ScalarInterval #$Individual

#$Translucent translucence **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$Translucent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Translucent objects can transmit light, but not enough to see clear images. See also #$transparencyOfObject.
> guid: bd589226-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ScalarInterval #$Individual

#$Transparent colorlessness **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$Transparent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency. #$Transparent objects transmit enough light to see clear images. See also #$transparencyOfObject.
> guid: bd58de31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ScalarInterval #$Individual

#$transparencyOfObject transparency of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$transparencyOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has an intrinsic #$Transparency to light of the specified DEGREE. Higher values indicate that more light will pass through the substance and with less distortion.
> guid: bd58f9fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Dirtiness dirtiness **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$ScalarInterval. Each instance of the collection #$Dirtiness is a specific level of dirtiness (or, alternatively, cleanliness). Instances of #$Dirtiness include #$Dirty, #$ReallyDirty, #$ALittleDirty, #$Clean, and #$Sterile. Indicate a particular object's #$Dirtiness with the predicate #$dirtinessOfObject (q.v.).
> guid: bd58d42d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval

#$dirtinessOfObject dirtiness of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$dirtinessOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has this DEGREE of #$Dirtiness.
> guid: bd58e326-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

### States Of Matter

#$MatterTypeByPhysicalState states of matter **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of collections. Each instance #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState is collection of instances of #$PartiallyTangible that are in one of the basic physical states of matter. The only four elements of this collection are #$Solid-StateOfMatter, #$Liquid-StateOfMatter, #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter, and #$Plasma-StateOfMatter. Although the chemical composition of a substance does not change when its basic physical state changes, many of its intrinsic physical properties do change--including its density, viscosity, brittleness, color, size, etc. States of matter concern the organization of matter at the molecular level, as determined by temperature and pressure. Changes in temperature and or pressure will cause matter in one physical state to transform into another (see #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent).
> guid: bd589108-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$FirstOrderCollection

#$Solid-StateOfMatter solids **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState. Each instance of #$Solid-StateOfMatter is an object in the solid state of matter. Objects in the solid state of matter are at a sufficiently low enough temperature or high enough pressure for the particular type of matter involved that the molecules of the matter are bonded to each other by various sorts of forces, and don't move away from their neighbors. Solid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by definite, persistent boundaries, independent of container. Examples of things that typically have this AttributeValue are: a piece of aluminum foil, a lump of coal, a quartz crystal, a gold ingot stored in Fort Knox.
> guid: bd58d956-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible

#$Liquid-StateOfMatter liquid **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState. Each instance of #$Liquid-StateOfMatter is an object in the liquid state of matter. Objects in the liquid state of matter are at a temperature and pressure such that the molecules of the matter move freely relative to their neighbors, but are not excited enough to break free. Liquid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by special qualities of flow, such as being Pourable and conforming to whatever container they occupy. Examples of things that typically have this attribute are: liquid nitrogen; the water component of a gallon of seawater; a lump of mercury at room temperature; and some molten silver about to be poured into a teapot mold.
> guid: bd590948-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible

#$Gaseous-StateOfMatter gaseous **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState. Each instance of #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter is an object in the gaseous state of matter. Objects in the gaseous state of matter are at a high enough temperature or low enough pressure for the type of matter involved that the molecules are not bonded even weakly to their neighbors, and readily break free. Gaseous objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by having diffuse boundaries (when outside of containers), no shape independent of a container, and by great expandability and compressibility. Examples of things that typically have this attribute are: the helium in a child's balloon; the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere; the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere.
> guid: bd58bd5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible

#$stateOfMatter state of matter (spatially intrinsic slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$stateOfMatter is used to indicate the physical state of a tangible thing. (#$stateOfMatter THING STATE) means that the #$PartiallyTangible THING is in the physical state STATE, where STATE is an instance of #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous.
> guid: bd58bd1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$isa

#$boilingPoint boiling point **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$boilingPoint STUFF TEMP) means that TEMP is the temperature at which the substance STUFF changes from having the attribute #$LiquidStateOfMatter to #$GaseousStateOfMatter (when sufficient energy is input to raise STUFF's temperature through that point). Note that the boiling point of most substances is context-dependent; on a mountaintop in Tibet the boiling point of water is much lower than it is in New York City.
> guid: bd58b243-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleSubstancePredicate

#$freezingPoint freezing point **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$freezingPoint STUFF TEMP) means that TEMP is the temperature at which the substance STUFF changes from having the attribute #$LiquidStateOfMatter to #$SolidStateOfMatter (when sufficient energy is output to lower STUFF's temperature through this point). Note that the freezing point of most substances is context-dependent (e.g., based on altitude and other factors.)
> guid: bd58b201-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$TangibleStuffStateType tangible stuff state type **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of collections. Each instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType is a collection of all pieces of tangible stuff that are associated with only a single physical state (i.e., structural phase). This includes collections both (1) of substances which exist only in one state (e.g., #$Diamond) and (2) of stuff which by definition has a certain state (e.g., ice, or gels of any composition). Instances of #$TangibleStuffStateType include #$SolidTangibleThing, #$Air, and (#$LiquidFn #$Water). Note that #$Water is _not_ an instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType, since instances of #$Water can be in more than one physical state.
> guid: be00c400-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$ExistingStuffType

#$SolidTangibleThing solid objects **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$SolidTangibleThing is a piece of stuff possessing many of the properties that matter in a solid state (see the constant #$Solid-StateOfMatter) exhibits (although not all instances of #$SolidTangibleThing are formally in a solid state). Instances have a shape independent from their container, and, when deformed with sufficient force (which may be small for weak, brittle materials or high for materials that deform easily), they break. Examples of #$SolidTangibleThings include: pieces of substances in a solid state of matter, such as ice cubes; solid mixtures like a quarter-dollar coin or a paper bag; and complex mixtures of biological origin that behave like solids, e.g., bone. Collections of the solid form of any type of stuff can be created using #$SolidFn (q.v.).
> guid: bd58c494-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffStateType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible
> direct generalization of: #$MineralOre #$Animal #$ProtectiveSystem #$Connection-Physical #$Pump-Generic #$HolderGripper #$StructuralSupportStuff #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject #$Mineral #$PortalCovering #$Conveyance-Stationary #$MountableTransporter #$Conveyance #$Leather #$ChordataPhylum #$SolidTangibleProduct

#$SemiSolidTangibleThing semisolids

> The collection of tangible things that are tactually intermediate between solids and fluids. When a force is first applied to a semisolid object, it deforms substantially and does not break or crack. It may return to its original shape, like a sponge, or retain the shape which resulted from the applied force, like soft clay. As with #$SolidTangibleThings, semisolids have shapes independent of their containers (see #$ContainerIndependentShape) and they cannot be poured.
> guid: be00cc3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffStateType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible
> direct generalization of: #$Organ

#$LiquidTangibleThing liquid objects **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The collection of all portions of liquid; a subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType. Each instance of #$LiquidTangibleThing is a tangible thing that has similar properties to those exhibited by things in the #$LiquidStateOfMatter. Specifically, its volume is relatively constant at varying pressures, and it freely changes shape (e.g. to conform to the shape of its container). Liquids can never be said to break. Note that not all #$LiquidTangibleThings are in #$LiquidStateOfMatter: state-of-matter attributes (see #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous) apply only to quantities consisting of a single type of substance, whereas liquids can be mixtures of different substances. Examples of #$LiquidTangibleThings include all substances in the #$LiquidStateOfMatter, such as the water in a room-temperature glass of beer; liquid/liquid mixtures like the beer itself; solutions of solids in liquids, such as sea water; emulsions, such as milk; and suspensions of solids in liquids, like blood. Compare #$FluidTangibleThing and #$GaseousTangibleThing.
> guid: bd58d2a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffStateType
> direct specialization of: #$FluidTangibleThing
> direct generalization of: #$Oil #$Drink

#$GaseousTangibleThing gaseous objects **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$FluidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$GaseousTangibleThing is a partially tangible thing which possesses a number of the salient properties exhibited by substances in a gaseous state (see the constant #$GaseousStateOfMatter). To be more specific, each instance of #$GaseousTangibleThing is compressible, and the shape of each instance would completely conform to the boundaries of a vessel containing it. Examples of #$GaseousTangibleThing include pieces of matter in a gaseous state (such as the helium in a child's balloon), mixtures of gases such as #$TheAtmosphereQuaSinglePieceOfStuff, and suspensions of liquids and solids in gas, such as instances of #$Fog or #$Smoke.
> guid: bd58c52b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffStateType
> direct specialization of: #$FluidTangibleThing
> direct generalization of: #$Air #$Mist

#$FluidTangibleThing fluid

> A subcollection of #$PartiallyTangible and an instance of #$TangibleStuffStateType. Each instance of #$FluidTangibleThing is a tangible thing that can flow. This includes gases, liquids, and granular fluids (i.e. tangible things that are #$Pourable, such as sand); see #$GaseousTangibleThing, #$LiquidTangibleThing, and #$GranularFluid. Instances of #$FluidTangibleThing include the air in Austin, the water in #$LakeErie, a particular chunk of snow, the sand on the beach at Malibu, and the mercury in a thermometer. Non-instances include an air molecule, a snowflake, a grain of sand, a boulder, and a hunk of bread dough.
> guid: bd58d1e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffStateType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible
> direct generalization of: #$LiquidTangibleThing #$GranularFluid #$GaseousTangibleThing #$FreeSpaceContent

#$SolidFn solid fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A #$CollectionDenotingFunction. #$SolidFn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType). (#$SolidFn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in solid form (i.e., are instances of #$SolidTangibleThing), including objects having #$Solid-StateOfMatter as well as mixtures which behave like solids. E.g., the ice cubes in my lemonade belong to the collection (#$SolidFn #$Water-Fresh); the glass in a window is an instance of (#$SolidFn #$Glass).
> guid: c0fcd7d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnaryIntersectionFunction #$Individual

#$LiquidFn liquid fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A #$CollectionDenotingFunction. #$LiquidFn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType). (#$LiquidFn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in liquid form (i.e., are instances of #$LiquidTangibleThing), including elements having #$LiquidStateOfMatter, but also including various mixtures that behave like liquids (see the comment on #$LiquidTangibleThing). For example, a quantity of water as dispensed from a faucet is an instance of (#$LiquidFn #$Water); a glass of apple juice, in its drinkable state, is an instance of (#$LiquidFn #$AppleJuice).
> guid: c0fcd7df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnaryIntersectionFunction #$Individual

#$GaseousFn gaseous fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A #$CollectionDenotingFunction. #$GaseousFn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType). (#$GaseousFn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in gaseous form (i.e., are instances of #$GaseousTangibleThing) inluding objects having #$GaseousStateOfMatter as well as mixtures that behave like gasses. For example, all the water vapor in the atmosphere is an instance of (#$GaseousFn #$Water).
> guid: c0fcd7ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnaryIntersectionFunction #$Individual

### Solubility

#$Solubility solubility **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$Solubility describes how readily some tangible substance dissolves in some kind of liquid. Different levels of #$Solubility may be represented with #$GenericValueFunctions or qualitatively (e.g., #$WillDissolve, #$Insoluble).
> guid: be00aad7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly

#$waterSolubility water solubility **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$waterSolubility OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible OBJ has this DEGREE of #$Solubility in water. A higher value of DEGREE indicates that a substance dissolves more readily and completely than one with a lower solubility.
> guid: be00ab6d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$oilSolubility oil solubility **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$oilSolubility OBJ DEGREE) means that the particular tangible OBJ has this DEGREE of #$Solubility in #$Oil.
> guid: be00abdd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

#$solubleIn soluble in **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$solubleIn SOLUTE SOLVENT) means that the piece of #$PartiallyTangible stuff SOLUTE will ordinarily dissolve if placed into the #$LiquidTangibleThing SOLVENT. See also #$Solubility.
> guid: bd58c479-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$InterExistingObjectSlot #$TangibleSubstancePredicate

#$solubilityOfSubstInSubst solubility of subst in subst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$solubilityOfSubstInSubst SOLUTE SOLVENT DEGREE) means that the #$PartiallyTangible SOLUTE dissolves in the SOLVENT with this DEGREE of #$Solubility (q.v.).
> guid: be00a8fb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FunctionalPredicate #$TernaryPredicate

#$WaterSolubleStuff water soluble stuff **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of tangibles. Each element of #$WaterSolubleStuff is a tangible thing that can dissolve in water. For example, instances of the collections #$Soap-Personal, #$LaundryDetergent, #$Sugar-Table.
> guid: bd58f037-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffCompositionType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible

#$Absorbency absorbency **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each element of #$Absorbency is an attribute describing how readily some substance absorbs some liquid. Different levels of #$Absorbency may be indicated qualitatively (e.g., #$WillAbsorb), or relatively, using #$GenericValueFunctions. A particular thing's absorbency is indicated with the predicate #$absorbencyOfSubstInSubst.
> guid: be00cca9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly #$ScalarInterval

#$absorbencyOfSubstInSubst absorbency of subst in subst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$absorbencyOfSubstInSubst SUBST ABSORBER-TYPE ATTRIB) indicates that the particular #$TangibleThing SUBST is absorbed by stuff of the #$ExistingStuffType ABSORBER-TYPE with the #$Absorbency ATTRIB.
> guid: be00a73d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FunctionalPredicate #$TernaryPredicate

#$GaseousDensity gaseous density **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A measurable physical attribute. The element of #$Density that represents the physical attribute typical of gases. Density lower than that of most liquids.
> guid: be0107db-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$Density #$Individual

### Electrical Conductivity

#$ConductingMedium conducting media **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$ConductingMedium is a partially tangible object that can serve as a conductor, e.g., for heat or electricity. Specializations include #$PowerLine, #$Superconductor, and #$ElectricalWire.
> guid: bd58887d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible
> direct generalization of: #$ElectricalConductor

#$ElectricalConductor conductor **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$ConductingMedium. Each instance of #$ElectricalConductor is a partially tangible thing that can conduct electricity. Instances include power cords, electrical plugs, and pieces of metal.
> guid: bd588903-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ConductingMedium
> direct generalization of: #$Metal

#$SemiconductorStuff semiconductors **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each instance of #$SemiconductorStuff can, under varying electrical fields, behave as an electrical insulator at times and an electrical conductor at other times.
> guid: be011871-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangible

#$ElectricalResistance electrical resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of #$ElectricalResistance is a measure of the resistance to electrical flow through an object. Instances of #$ElectricalResistance include #$InsulatorResistance, #$ConductorResistance, #$SemiconductorResistance, and #$SuperconductorResistance.
> guid: bd589bb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$MeasurableScalarIntervalType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalQuantity

#$SuperconductorResistance superconductor resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ElectricalResistance. #$SuperconductorResistance is the level of electrical resistance found in objects which have absolutely no resistance to the passage of electricity (i.e., in objects that are instances of #$Superconductor).
> guid: be01f327-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ElectricalResistance #$Individual

#$ConductorResistance conductor resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ElectricalResistance. #$ConductorResistance is a very low level of electrical resistance; any object having #$ConductorResistance readily conducts electricity. See also #$resistanceOfObject.
> guid: be00f83b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ElectricalResistance #$Individual

#$SemiconductorResistance semiconductor resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ElectricalResistance. #$SemiconductorResistance is the level of resistance found in instances of #$SemiconductorStuff. See also #$resistanceOfObject.
> guid: be00f84a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ElectricalResistance #$Individual

#$InsulatorResistance insulator resistance **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ElectricalResistance. #$InsulatorResistance is a very high level of electrical resistance; objects having #$InsulatorResistance conduct no electricity at all. See also #$resistanceOfObject.
> guid: be00f859-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ElectricalResistance #$Individual

#$resistanceOfObject resistance (tangible object predicate) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$resistanceOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has this DEGREE of #$ElectricalResistance. A lower value of DEGREE indicates OBJ is a better conductor, i.e., one that conducts with less energy lost to heat.
> guid: bd5897a4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot

### Thermal Conductivity

#$ThermalConductivity thermal conductivity **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of attributes; a subcollection of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each instance of #$ThermalConductivity represents a specific ability of some physical object to conduct heat. An individual object's #$ThermalConductivity is indicated with the predicate #$thermalConductivityOfObject.
> guid: be00cd9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval

(#$LowAmountFn #$ThermalConductivity) a low level of thermal conductivity

> Note On Non-Atomic Terms
> direct instance of: #$ScalarInterval
> direct specialization of:

(#$MediumAmountFn #$ThermalConductivity) a medium level of thermal conductivity

> Note On Non-Atomic Terms
> direct instance of: #$ScalarInterval
> direct specialization of:

(#$HighAmountFn #$ThermalConductivity) a high level of thermal conductivity

> Note On Non-Atomic Terms
> direct instance of: #$ScalarInterval
> direct specialization of:

#$thermalConductivityOfObject thermal conductivity of object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$thermalConductivityOfObject OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the #$ThermalConductivity attribute DEGREE. Objects with higher values of DEGREE conduct heat faster and better (i.e., with less heat loss) than those with a lower #$ThermalConductivity.
> guid: be00abc4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

### Structural Attributes

#$physicalStructuralAttributes physical structural attributes (tangible object predicate) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$physicalStructuralAttributes OBJ ATT) means that the physical structure of the tangible object OBJ is (at least partially) determined or described by its attribute ATT. See also #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute.
> guid: bd58b8d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$BinaryAttributePredicate
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$shapeOfObject shape (shape-describing predicate)

> This predicate is used to describe the predominant shape of an object. (#$shapeOfObject OBJECT SHAPE) means that the instance of #$SpatialThing OBJECT has the instance of #$ShapeType SHAPE as its predominant shape. For example, (#$shapeOfObject OBJECT #$Square) means that OBJECT has the attribute of being square-shaped.
> guid: bf9b755c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate #$ShapeDescribingPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$isa

#$PhysicalStructuralAttribute physical structural attributes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$AttributeValue. Each instance of #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute is a physical attribute that determines or describes the structure of a tangible object. These attributes are qualitative, not measurable; in that way, they are unlike the instances of #$Density, #$Mass, #$Elasticity, #$ThermalConductivity, and other attributes which are instances of #$ScalarInterval. Examples of #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute: #$Granular, #$Powdery, #$Paste-Form, #$Brittle, #$Collapsible, #$Hollow, #$Woven, #$Burnt. An individual object's #$PhysicalStructuralAttributes are indicated with the predicate #$physicalStructuralAttributes (q.v.).
> guid: bd58fce5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$AttributeValue

#$Powdery powdery **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Powdery is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute which describes a solid that has the form of a powder. #$Powdery stuff is #$Pourable and composed of multiple granules of solids.
> guid: bd58d489-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Granular granular **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Granular is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute that describes a solid that consists of granules and has a grainy texture; e.g., sand, sugar, salt.
> guid: bd58f710-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Misty-PhysicalState misty **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Misty-PhysicalState is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute that characterizes mist; i.e., being a mixture of a gaseous substance with suspended particles of liquid.
> guid: bd58d50d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$LongAndThin long and thin **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$LongAndThin is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute that characterizes a tangible object which has one dimension whose length exceeds that of each of the other two dimensions by at least a factor of three. E.g., pencils, straws, telephone wire, submarines, skyscrapers. Cf. #$SheetShaped.
> guid: c0f2a0fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$SheetShaped panels **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$ShapeType. #$SheetShaped refers to an object that is flat and spread out, planar, and neither fully crumpled nor compactly folded. Such an object has two opposing surfaces which have the attribute #$Flat (q.v.). The other surfaces have much smaller area than the two main flat surfaces. Thus, one of the three orthogonal dimensions (length, width or height) of a #$SheetShaped object is much smaller than the other two. Ice over ponds, and sheets of paint on a house are all possible examples of such objects. A bedspread is #$SheetShaped only if it is not folded into a small volume or crumpled. See #$CurrentShapeVsIntrinsicShape. For describing a sheet of something (e.g., waxed paper, aluminum foil, cloth) regardless of its configuration, use #$SheetOfSomeStuff. For 'one-sided' surfaces (see #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject), such as 'TheGreatPlains' #$SheetShaped is not appropriate but #$Flat is appropriate.
> guid: bd58c6d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ShapeType
> direct specialization of: #$SpatialThing

#$Paste-Form pastelike **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Paste-Form is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute which describes solids that are pastelike in texture and consistency. They are very easily deformed, and they tend to remain in the deformed shape afterwards, provided that they don't collapse under their own weight. Things having #$Paste-Form don't exhibit much elastic deformation at all - they don't ''jiggle''.
> guid: be0104a9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Rigid rigid **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Rigid is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of solids which are stiff--neither flexible nor foldable nor elastic. Examples of rigid things: bricks, wooden boards, steel. Non-rigid things: sand, rubber, cloth. Borderline: lampshades.
> guid: bd58926a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Foldable foldable **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Foldable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of being foldable in a flexible way, like towels or paper. Note a distinction between #$Foldable objects and #$Collapsible objects: #$Collapsible objects are #$Rigid objects collapsed by means of #$HingedJoints, while #$Foldable objects are flexible overall.
> guid: bd58b488-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Bendable bendable **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Bendable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of an object that tends to stay in the contorted shape when contorted. Note: for something to be bendable, it must be #$Flexible.
> guid: bd58874c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Flexible flexible **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Flexible is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of a tangible object that can be flexed, twisted, contorted. #$Flexible objects which retain their contorted shape are described as #$Bendable (q.v.).
> guid: bd58c716-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Brittle brittle **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Brittle is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of a substance which breaks easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass.
> guid: bd58d4cb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Pourable pourable **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A physical attribute. #$Pourable is the structural attribute of a tangible thing that is capable of flowing. #$Pourable things don't have intrinsic shape, but instead take the shape of their containers. When acted on by a force, a #$Pourable thing changes shape at a rate proportional to the force. (In addition, #$Pourable things may be easily separated into multiple pieces; however, such a separation is not a breaking or shearing.) Mobs of particles, such as portions of sand or snow, are #$Pourable; but a gelatin-like semisolid is not. See also #$SemiSolidTangibleThing.
> guid: bd58914b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$derivedFrom derivative (inter existing object slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$derivedFrom PRODUCT MATERIAL) means that PRODUCT has been made from MATERIAL by an irreversible process; e.g., an element of #$Table-PieceOfFurniture may have been #$derivedFrom an instance of #$MapleTree. Note that #$derivedFrom is NOT transitive: A particular Door121 may be derived from OakTree53, SandMob442, and several other things. Subsequently, someone may break down the door and make Mallet0234 out of some of the wood and a WindowPane120825 out of some (or all) of the glass. Both Mallet0234 and WindowPane120825 are #$derivedFrom Door121, but Mallet0234 is not #$derivedFrom SandMob442, nor is WindowPane120825 #$derivedFrom OakTree53.
> guid: bd589599-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$InterExistingObjectSlot #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$comesFrom-Generic #$conceptuallyRelated

#$physicalStructuralIntegrity physical structural integrity **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$physicalStructuralIntegrity SUBST DEGREE) means that the tangible object SUBST has DEGREE ability to maintain its physical structure intact in the face of various forces. DEGREE is an instance of #$GenericQuantity. The #$physicalStructuralIntegrity of an object may be inferred from some of its other physical attributes; e.g., something with the #$physicalStructuralAttributes #$Granular has a #$Low degree of #$physicalStructuralIntegrity; things whose #$stateOfMatter is #$LiquidStateOfMatter have #$VeryLow #$physicalStructuralIntegrity.
> guid: bd58ec3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$TangibleSubstancePredicate

#$StructuralSupportStuff structural support stuff **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$SolidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$StructuralSupportStuff is a hard, rigid substance typically providing some kind of structural support. For example, the instances of #$Wood, #$BoneTheStuff, #$StoneStuff, leaf veins.
> guid: be010813-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$SolidTangibleThing
> direct generalization of: #$Wood #$StoneStuff

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