## Food

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Last Update: 4/5/02
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### Edibles In General

#$EdibleStuff edible things

> An instance of #$ExistingStuffType and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible. Each specialization of #$EdibleStuff is a type of partially tangible stuff which all normal instances of some specialization of #$Organism-Whole can consume and successfully metabolize a significant portion of any instance of, with or without resulting harm to themselves. This collection includes virtually all animal and vegetable matter, as well as instances of #$OralDrug. It does not necessarily include things that are ingested but not metabolized, such as the stones that birds swallow to aid in digestion, or dirt, paint chips, and coins ingested by children. The function #$EdibleByFn is used to specify the collections of edible stuff that are ingestible by all normal instances of certain specializations of #$Organism-Whole, including #$Person. Note that whether an edible substance _also_ has a detrimental effect if eaten is a separate question. Something can be both edible and poisonous.
> guid: bd5908ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ConsumableProduct
> direct generalization of: #$FoodAndDrink #$Nutrient #$Food #$Vegetable-Food #$CerealFoodGroup #$FoodOrDrinkComposite #$FoodIngredientOnly

#$EdiblePartFn edible part fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The Cyc function #$EdiblePartFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction. When applied to a set of tangible objects OBJ-TYPE, (#$EdiblePartFn OBJ-TYPE) represents the collection of all the edible parts of objects of OBJ-TYPE. This collection includes any #$EdibleStuff (i.e., edible by humans or koalas or whatever the current microtheory is talking about) that is part of instances of OBJ-TYPE. To represent only parts that humans eat, we may restrict the #$resultGenl to a specialized subcollection of #$FoodAndDrink defined in #$HumanActivitiesMt or other appropriate microtheory. Examples: the collection (#$EdiblePartFn (#$FruitFn #$AppleTree) includes the skin and flesh of all apples, but not --- in the #$HumanActivitiesMt --- the instances of #$Stem or #$Seed found in them; the collection (#$EdiblePartFn #$Egg-Chickens) includes the yolks and whites of chicken eggs, but does not --- in the #$HumanActivitiesMt --- include any instances of #$Eggshell. Because of cultural or philosophical preferences and prohibitions about food, exactly what parts are edible may differ in different human cultural microtheories; e.g., in a FundamentalistJewish or FundamentalistIslamic cultural #$Microtheory, the function call (#$EdiblePartFn #$Pig) would return NIL; in a vegan #$Microtheory, even (#$EdiblePartFn #$Animal) would return NIL.
> guid: bd58a6a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$UnaryFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction #$Individual

#$EdiblesRichInFn edibles rich in fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The Cyc function #$EdiblesRichInFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction. It is used to represent foodstuffs which have a high concentration of a certain nutrient. (#$EdiblesRichInFn NUTRIENT) denotes the collection of edible things that are rich in the type of #$Nutrient NUTRIENT. For example, (#$EdiblesRichInFn #$EdibleCalcium) denotes the collection of all #$EdibleStuff rich in calcium; that collection will have the collection #$DairyProduct as a subset.
> guid: c0fd632e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ReifiableFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$UnaryFunction #$Individual

#$Nutrient nutrients **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$Nutrient is a substance considered necessary or beneficial in the diet of a person or animal. Nutrients in food or pills are often listed on the package label. Specializations of #$Nutrient include #$EdibleSodium, #$ProteinStuff, #$EdibleCalcium, #$EdibleIron, and #$Vitamin.
> guid: bd58d3c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TangibleStuffCompositionType
> direct specialization of: #$EdibleStuff

#$ConsumableProduct consumable products **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct. Each instance of #$ConsumableProduct is a product of which any portion can be used only once. A portion of a #$ConsumableProduct is `used up', i.e., destroyed or transformed into an unusable or waste form, during normal use. Note: `consumable' here does not necessarily mean consumed by mouth; the consumption may be any use of the product.
> guid: bd58e656-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangibleProduct
> direct generalization of: #$EdibleStuff #$DrugProduct

### Foodstuffs

#$FoodAndDrink items of food or drink **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$FoodAndDrink is a substance which instances of some type of organism (that is, some sub-collection of #$Organism-Whole) normally consume a significant part of. Important specializations of #$FoodAndDrink include #$Food and #$Drink.
> guid: bd58e69c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$EdibleStuff
> direct generalization of: #$Food #$Drink #$Food-ReadyToEat

#$Drink beverages **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$FoodAndDrink and #$LiquidTangibleThing. Each instance of #$Drink is a portion of a liquid of a type that is ingestible and commonly consumed by humans or animals. Instances of #$Drink, unlike instances of #$Food (q.v.), are ingested without chewing. Specializations of #$Drink include #$Water-Ingestible, #$Tea-Hot, #$HotChocolate, #$Lemonade, and #$Beer.
> guid: bd58f408-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$FoodAndDrink #$LiquidTangibleThing

#$Food food items

> An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$FoodAndDrink. Each instance of #$Food is a particular portion of food of a type which can, and habitually is, eaten by humans or other animals. Here the notion of _eating_ is important; eating an instance of #$Food will generally require biting and chewing, so that edible stuff normally taken in via drinking, inhalation, or osmosis is excluded from this collection. A borderline example is a bowl of Jello; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake. Instances of #$Food provide calories and/or nutrients that humans or animals need.
> guid: bd58bd8b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$FoodAndDrink #$OrganicStuff #$CommodityProduct
> direct generalization of: #$DomesticatedAnimalFood

#$Food-ReadyToEat dishes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of food and drink, a specialization of (#$FoodOrDrinkForFn #$Person). An assertion of the form (#$isa FOOD #$Food-ReadyToEat) means that it is normal for people to eat or drink FOOD more or less in its current state. Instances can require unwrapping, cutting, pouring, buttering, or cooling before being consumed, but not cooking or other complex or sophisticated preparation that is typically done in a kitchen or other food-preparation area rather than at the table or site of consumption. If a cook would inspect it and pronounce it 'done,' it is probably an instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat.
> guid: bd58cc94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$OrganicStuff #$FoodAndDrink

#$FoodOrDrinkComposite food or drink composite **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$FoodOrDrinkComposite is an edible substance that is made up of two or more foodstuffs as constituents. Typically, some recipe is, explicitly or implicitly, associated with the production of such substances. #$FoodOrDrinkComposite includes both some instances of #$FoodIngredientOnly (e.g., a dollop of ketchup) and some instances of #$FoodAndDrink (e.g., a slice of a cheese pizza).
> guid: bd58cda0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Artifact #$Artifact-NonAgentive #$EdibleStuff

#$FoodIngredientOnly food ingredients **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$FoodIngredientOnly is an edible substance that is used in making other food but isn't eaten by itself. Instances of #$FoodIngredientOnly may or may not require some preparation. For example, #$TableSalt, #$VegetableOil, and #$Ketchup are specializations of #$FoodIngredientOnly, since all of their instances are used only as ingredients or condiments. In contrast, #$Egg-Chickens is not a specialization of #$FoodIngredientOnly; some of its instances serve as ingredients in cooking other dishes, but other instances are simply eaten after poaching or frying. Types of food, such as #$Pizza, whose instances are never merely ingredients, are specializations of #$Food.
> guid: bd58da2a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$EdibleStuff
> direct generalization of: #$Preservative-Food

#$Vegetable-Food vegetables (consumable products) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each instance of #$Vegetable-Food is a foodstuff which is derived from a plant and is ordinarily considered a vegetable; e.g., a carrot (an instance of #$Carrot-Foodstuff), a potato (an instance of #$Potato-Foodstuff), a lima bean (an instance of #$Bean-Foodstuff), or a tomato (an instance of #$Tomato-Foodstuff). Note that #$Vegetable-Food includes certain plant parts, such as tomatoes, that are technically classified as fruits by botanists, but which are treated as vegetables in food classification.
> guid: bd58eacd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointFoodType #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PlantProduct #$EdibleStuff

#$VegetableMatter plant material **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$NaturalTangibleStuff and #$OrganicStuff. Each instance of #$VegetableMatter is a piece of stuff (solid, liquid, or, improbably but conceivably, gaseous) which is a piece of vegetable material. Important specializations of #$VegetableMatter include #$Plant and #$PlantProduct.
> guid: bd58c455-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$NaturalTangibleStuff #$OrganicStuff
> direct generalization of: #$Plant #$Vegetable-Food #$CerealFoodGroup #$PlantProduct

#$DessertFood desserts (sweets) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of tangible stuff. Each instance of #$DessertFood is an item of food which, in its prepared state, is customarily eaten by people as part of the #$DessertCourse of a meal. For example, (in #$NorthAmericanCuisine,) ice cream, cake, pie.
> guid: bd590aca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType #$ProductType
> direct specialization of: #$FoodAndDrink

#$FoodGroupType types of food group **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of collections. Each instance of #$FoodGroupType is a collection of foodstuffs classified according to their nutritional content. Instances of #$FoodGroupType include #$DairyProduct, #$CerealFoodGroup, #$FruitAndVegetableFoodGroup, #$MeatAndLegumeFoodGroup.
> guid: bd589d1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$ExistingStuffType #$ConventionalClassificationType #$ProductByGenericType

#$DefaultDisjointFoodType types of food **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> An instance of #$SiblingDisjointCollection (q.v.), and thus a collection of collections. Each instance of #$DefaultDisjointFoodType is a collection of beverages or foodstuffs (and thus a specialization of #$EdibleStuff). Instances of #$DefaultDisjointFoodType include #$Vegetable-Food, #$Rice-Foodstuff, #$Mutton, and #$Coffee-Beverage.
> guid: bd58bd03-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollection #$SecondOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$ProductType

#$DomesticatedAnimalFood domesticated animal food **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of #$DomesticatedAnimalFood is a foodstuff produced by human beings and intended for consumption by domesticated animals. This collection includes feed manufactured for horses, cattle, chickens, and other farm animals, as well as pet food.
> guid: bd588c3b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType #$ProductType
> direct specialization of: #$Food

#$CerealFoodGroup cereals **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The food group consisting of grain products such as breads and cereals. Food that contains a significant amount of grain products should be specs of this.
> guid: bd58ccbd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FoodGroupType
> direct specialization of: #$VegetableMatter #$EdibleStuff

#$CerealPlant cereal plants

> A specialization of both #$CropPlant and #$GrassFamily. Each sub-collection of #$CerealPlant is a type of grain-bearing plant.
> guid: bd589beb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$OrganismClassificationType
> direct specialization of: #$CropPlant

### Preparing Food

#$HarvestingAPlant picked (guiding) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each instance of #$HarvestingAPlant is an event in which a plant is harvested. Harvesting may involve separating some part of the plant and leaving the rest in place (e.g., fruit trees), or it may involve removing the entire plant from its growing location (e.g., carrots).
> guid: bd58c0aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt #$HumanActivity #$GuidingAMovingObject #$TransportationEvent

#$PreparingFoodOrDrink events in which food or drink is prepared

> A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction and #$HumanActivity. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an instance of #$FoodAndDrink is created. An instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink may be an event in which preparation is done `from scratch', using raw ingredients, or it may be an event in which semi-prepared or `convenience' products (such as cake mixes, margarita mixes, or frozen foods) are used. Typical sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) in instances of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or bartenders, including instances of #$ChoppingSomething, #$CookingFood, #$BakingFood, or #$MixingAlcoholicDrinks. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink ends when the item prepared is ready to eat. Notable specializations of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include #$GrillingFood, #$SteamingFood, and #$PreparingABeverage.
> guid: bd58b6ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SkilledActivity #$ServiceEvent #$TransformationEvent #$PurposefulPhysicalAction
> direct generalization of: #$PreparingFoodItem

#$PreparingFoodItem food-preparation events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodItem is an event in which a single item of #$Food is prepared to make it ready to eat. For example, instances of #$MakingToast, roasting a turkey, or #$BakingBread.
> guid: bd58ad9d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
> direct generalization of: #$SmokingFood #$CookingFood

#$CookingFood cooking events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$PreparingFoodItem. Each instance of #$CookingFood is an event in which some item of #$Food (q.v.) is prepared by heating it. Typically, the foodstuff is heated until it reaches a certain temperature over some period of time; during the heating, chemical and/or physical changes occur which are supposed to make the foodstuff healthier or tastier (or, in some cases, ethically acceptable). A #$CookingFood event may last from a few minutes (e.g., #$SteamingFood (vegetables), #$MakingToast) to several hours (e.g., #$RoastingFood).
> guid: bd58ad09-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HeatingProcess #$PreparingFoodItem
> direct generalization of: #$Microwaving #$GrillingFood #$SteamingFood #$BakingFood #$Frying

#$Frying frying **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Cooking food by partial or total immersion in hot oil until desired level of doneness.
> guid: bd58baeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CookingFood

#$SteamingFood steaming **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Cooking food by surrounding it in steam.
> guid: bd58bdb5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$CookingFood

#$GrillingFood barbecues **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Cooking food on a #$BBQGrill or an #$ElectricGrill.
> guid: bd58baa8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$CookingFood

#$BakingFood baking **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events in which food is baked in a #$RegularOven. After an event of #$BakingFood, the food involved has been #$Baked.
> guid: bd58aed0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$CookingFood

#$Microwaving microwaved (cooking event) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events in which a #$MicrowaveOven is used to heat food (or drink). After a #$Microwaving event, the food involved has been #$Microwaved.
> guid: bff3797e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CookingFood

#$PreparationAttribute preparation attribute **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$AttributeValue. Each instance of #$PreparationAttribute is a characteristic of a piece of material (e.g., food) indicating (1) a type of physical preparation which that stuff has already undergone, and (2) something about its current, resulting condition. Instances of #$PreparationAttribute which are applicable to food include #$Baked, #$Fried, #$Toasted, #$Fermented, #$Grilled, #$Frozen, #$Dried, and #$Raw.
> guid: bd58f055-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$AttributeValue

#$hasPreparationAttributes has preparation attributes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$hasPreparationAttributes is used to indicate the way in which a particular food item was prepared. (#$hasPreparationAttributes EDIBLE PREP) means the #$EdibleStuff EDIBLE has been processed so that it has the food #$PreparationAttribute PREP (e.g., #$Cooked, #$Roasted, #$Chilled -- or #$Raw). For example, a piece of #$Toast #$hasPreparationAttributes #$Toasted; any quantity of #$Beer that is ready to drink #$hasPreparationAttributes #$Fermented.
> guid: bd590c73-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryAttributePredicate
> direct specialization of: #$hasAttributes

#$Cooked cooked (attribute value) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The attribute #$Cooked is a #$PreparationAttribute (q.v.), describing how a given item of #$Food has been prepared. Food becomes #$Cooked as the result of an event of #$CookingFood. Specialized forms of #$Cooked include #$Steamed, #$Baked, #$Microwaved and #$Grilled.
> guid: bd58f510-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Fried fried (attribute value) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The attribute #$Fried is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Fried has been prepared in an event of #$Frying.
> guid: bd58f595-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Steamed steamed (attribute value) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The attribute #$Steamed is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Steamed has been prepared in an event of #$SteamingFood.
> guid: bd58f5d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Grilled grilled (attribute value) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The attribute #$Grilled is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Grilled has been prepared in an event of #$GrillingFood, using a #$BBQGrill or an #$ElectricGrill.
> guid: bd58f553-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Baked baked (attribute value) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The attribute #$Baked is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Baked has been prepared in an event of #$BakingFood, using a $#RegularOven.
> guid: bd5886dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$Microwaved microwaved (attribute value) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The attribute #$Microwaved is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Microwaved has been prepared in an event of #$Microwaving, using a #$MicrowaveOven.
> guid: bd9fc405-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AttributeValue #$Individual

#$PreservingFood preserving food

> A specialization of both #$ManipulatingFood and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent. Each instance of #$PreservingFood is an event in which a single item of food or drink (an instance of the collection #$FoodAndDrink) is acted on to prevent it from spoiling (see the collection #$Spoiling).
> guid: be9f10d7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HumanActivity #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent #$ManipulatingFood
> direct generalization of: #$SmokingFood #$SaltingFood #$Pasteurization

#$SmokingFood smoking food **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A kind of food preparation in which the food is exposed to smoke. This adds nitrates to the food to prevent rotting.
> guid: be00b79c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PreparingFoodItem #$PreservingFood

#$SaltingFood food-salting events **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Soaking food in salt to prevent it from rotting.
> guid: be00bfc5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PreservingFood

#$Pasteurization pasteurizations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The heating of a milk product in order to kill off microorganisms that might make it spoil.
> guid: be00cc5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PreservingFood

#$Preservative-Food preservatives **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Preservatives which are added to food to prevent spoilage.
> guid: be00ca4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$FoodIngredientOnly

#$ServingFoodOrDrink events in which food or drink is served

> A specialization of both #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere and #$CarryingWhileLocomoting. Each instance of #$ServingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an item of food or drink is served. Each instance starts when the server picks up the food or drink from a preparation or pickup area, and ends when the food or drink is deposited at a location where the people being served may eat or drink it. Such events are typically part of the job of any restaurant server who waits on tables (see the collection #$WaitPerson), and they may also be performed by a host or servant at a dinner party or banquet, or by a family member at a home meal. Note that events in which a `serving' of food is placed from a common dish onto a diner's plate are not instances of #$ServingFoodOrDrink.
> guid: bd58ae4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ServiceEvent #$CarryingWhileLocomoting #$GivingSomething #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere #$ManipulatingFood

#$FoodUtensil utensils **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$HandTool. Each instance of #$FoodUtensil is an implement or container used in preparing or consuming food. Notable specializations of #$FoodUtensil include #$Spoon, #$CarvingKnife, #$CookingUtensil, #$FoodVessel, #$CuttingBoard, and #$ChopStick.
> guid: bd58cdce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$HandTool #$HOCObject
> direct generalization of: #$FoodVessel

#$FoodVessel food vessels

> A specialization of both #$ContainerProduct and #$FoodUtensil. Each instance of #$FoodVessel is a portable container designed for holding, storing, or preparing food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodVessel include the collections #$CookingVessel, #$EatingVessel, and #$FoodStorageContainer.
> guid: bd58a35c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType #$ProductType
> direct specialization of: #$ContainerProduct #$FoodUtensil

### Consuming Food

#$ConsumingFoodOrDrink events in which food or drink is consumed **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$Ingesting and #$AnimalActivity. Each instance of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an animal ingests some portion of food or drink through its mouth. Notable specializations of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink are #$EatingEvent and #$DrinkingEvent.
> guid: bd58cbb4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Ingesting #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
> direct generalization of: #$DrinkingEvent #$EatingEvent

#$EatingEvent eating (consuming)

> A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is an event which involves the consumption of a substantial portion of food (i.e., a portion larger than a morsel) by one animal. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual #$EatingAMorsel (q.v.) events.
> guid: bd58d570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
> direct generalization of: #$HavingAMeal

#$DrinkingEvent drinking (consuming) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, a single individual consumes a portion of some drink. A #$DrinkingEvent typically consists of several instances of #$DrinkingASip. See #$EatingEvent.
> guid: bd58eeee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$FluidFlow-Complete #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink

#$HavingAMeal mealtimes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$EatingEvent. Each instance of #$HavingAMeal is an event in which one or more diners consume a meal. Notable specializations of #$HavingAMeal include #$HavingBreakfast, #$HavingLunch, #$HavingDinner, and #$HavingASnack.
> guid: bd58cc30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$EatingEvent #$HumanActivity

#$CourseDuringAMeal course of a meals **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$ManipulatingFood. Each instance of #$CourseDuringAMeal is an event in which one or more diners at a meal consume a single course. Specializations of #$CourseDuringAMeal include #$AppetizerCourse, #$MainCourse, and #$DessertCourse.
> guid: c1008170-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ManipulatingFood

#$Ingesting ingestions

> A specialization of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent. Each instance of #$Ingesting is a complex process in which a thing is brought into some organism's mouth from the outside, is swallowed, and is moved to the organism's stomach. Every instance of #$Ingesting has among its #$subEvents an instance of #$Swallowing which occurs after the intake (thus, although a particular chewing of gum is a #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, it is not an #$Ingesting unless the gum is swallowed.) An ingesting event ends when the ingested stuff reaches the ingester's stomach (where an instance of #$DigestionEvent begins, provided that what was ingested is an instance of #$EdibleStuff).
> guid: bd5888eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$UsingAnObject #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$PassingThroughPortal #$BodilyFunctionEvent
> direct generalization of: #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink

#$IngestingFn ingesting fn **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The Cyc function #$IngestingFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction. It is used to represent collections of events in which certain types of things are consumed. (#$IngestingFn STUFFTYPE) denotes the collection of events in which a tangible substance of the type STUFFTYPE is ingested. For example, lots of instances of (#$IngestingFn #$Popcorn) occur at the movies.
> guid: bd58bccd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ReifiableFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$UnaryFunction #$Individual

#$foodSourceFor food source for **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$foodSourceFor is used to relate a particular organism to the kinds of things it usually eats. (#$foodSourceFor ORG OBJTYPE) means ORG is an organism that typically eats some instances of OBJTYPE for food. Note that OBJTYPE refers to a type of food source, not a particular object that ORG eats. For example, (#$foodSourceFor #$RonaldReagan #$Popcorn) means that #$Popcorn is a #$foodSourceFor Ronald Reagan, i.e., Ronald Reagan often eats (instances of) popcorn.
> guid: bd58868b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$eatsWillingly eats willingly **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$eatsWillingly is used to relate an #$Animal to the type of food it will willingly eat. In a normal #$EatingEvent, the food consumed is of a type that the eater #$eatsWillingly. As negative examples, no vegetarian or herbivore #$eatsWillingly meat.
> guid: bd589419-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

### Hunger And Malnutrition

#$ExperiencingHunger hungering **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Being hungry
> guid: bd58d1d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$MammalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary

#$Hungry hungry **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Hungry
> guid: bd58b1b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval #$Individual

#$Starving starving event **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A #$LevelOfHunger (q.v.) one step beyond #$Hungry. Note: this constant expresses a static #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute, not a dynamic process. For the #$Event that involves #$Starving, see #$Starvation.
> guid: bd588d42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval #$Individual

#$LevelOfHunger hungers (physiological attributes) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttributes that express how hungry an #$Animal is (e.g., #$Hungry, #$NotHungry, #$Starving). These #$LevelOfHunger attributes are the first argument to the predicate #$hungerLevelOf (q.v.).
> guid: bd58a236-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$LinearOrderAttributeType #$SensoryReactionType
> direct specialization of: #$ScalarInterval #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute

#$hungerLevelOf hunger level of **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The predicate #$hungerLevelOf is used to express how hungry an #$Animal is. The first argument is a #$LevelOfHunger (q.v.): for instance, #$Hungry, #$Starving, #$Stuffed. The second argument is the #$Animal who feels hunger at this level.
> guid: bd58d448-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$AgentPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$BinaryPredicate

#$urgeTypeSatisfied urge type satisfied **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The urge of type arg2 is satisfied in the event of type arg1.
> guid: bd58f856-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$Malnutrition malnutrition **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physiological conditions caused by the lack of essential #$Nutrients (usually vitamins, minerals or proteins). Specialized forms of #$Malnutrition are: (1) #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition, in which the necessary nutrients are not ingested; and (2) #$Malnutrition-Secondary, in which the necessary nutrients are not properly metabolized.
> guid: be00bb98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$PhysiologicalConditionType
> direct specialization of: #$AilmentCondition
> direct generalization of: #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition

#$DietaryDeficiencyCondition dietary deficiencies **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The collection of physiological conditions brought on by consuming less of a nutrient than the body requires.
> guid: c0fd5773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$PhysiologicalConditionType
> direct specialization of: #$Malnutrition

#$Starvation starving (physiological condition) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. Each instance of #$Starvation is an event in which an #$Animal is so hungry as to be #$Starving. If prolonged, it results in death. NB: Note that this is a #$SingleDoerAction (q.v.), so it doesn't cover cases wherein one creature withholds food from another.
> guid: c021401d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$AnimalActivity #$PhysiologicalCondition #$SingleDoerAction

#$Famine famines **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events; a subcollection of #$DisasterEvent. Each instance of #$Famine is an event taking place in a contiguous geographical area in which a lot of people are undergoing #$Starvation.
> guid: be5bef99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$DisasterEvent

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