## Cyc Merged Ontology

E-Mail Comments to: opencyc-doc@cyc.com
Last Update: 12/13/02
Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.

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#$NoteOnCycMergedOntologyConstants note on cyc merged ontology constants **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This constant represents an important concept in the SENSUS Ontology developed by ISI, and has been mapped into the CYC Merged Ontology for the DARPA HPKB Project.
> guid: c02ee79d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SharedNote #$Individual

#$ConventionalClassificationType conventional classification types

> A collection of collections. Each instance of #$ConventionalClassificationType is a collection that corresponds to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see #$ClassificationSystem) used by people. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category. #$ConventionalClassificationTypes include categories in biological taxonomy, standard classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named calendar intervals.
> guid: bee6da31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection #$CollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$Collection
> direct generalization of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem #$OrganismClassificationType #$ConventionallyClassifiedDisjointTimeIntervalType #$TimeOfDayType #$PersonTypeByCulture #$FoodGroup #$GarmentTypeByRegionOfBodyCovered

#$SENSUS-Information1997 SENSUS-Information1997 **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> SENSUS is a #$KnowledgeBase, created by the Information Sciences Institute at USC. An earlier version of it was known as Pangloss, and it was developed primarily in order to support machine translation.--OKeefe, Oct 15, 1997
> guid: c02822fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$KnowledgeBase #$Individual

#$RSTRelation Rhetorical Structure Theory relations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A set of predicates describing possible relations between text constituents. These predicates are roughly adopted from work in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann & Thompson) and the SENSUS ontology (Hovy). Typically, these relations serve as necessary coherence links between segments of a text.
> guid: c0d508e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$PredicateCategory
> direct specialization of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate

#$concessive-RST concessive rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when the speaker presents ARG1, and then ARG2 is a seemingly inconguous statement, but where the speaker wants ARG1 and ARG2 to be accepted as compatible. Example: 'You're a good typist, but we've offered the job to someone else.'.
> guid: be3abdeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$elaboration-RST elaboration rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an elaboration of the information described in ARG1.
> guid: bfd88463-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$elaborationAttribute-RST elaboration attribute rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The relation of elaboration attribute as used in Rhetorical Structure Theory.
> guid: bdbfb7ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$elaborationGeneralSpecific-RST elaboration general specific rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the sense that is gives more specific information about ARG1.
> guid: c0257e5a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$elaborationProcessStep-RST elaboration process step rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which is an elaboration of the information described in ARG1 in the sense that it is seen as a step in the process of doing ARG1.
> guid: bf4ddebe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$background-RST background rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which makes it easier to understand the content of or motivation for ARG1.
> guid: bf1b6759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$identicalInAttribute identical in attribute **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$identicalInAttribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 have the same values of the #$AttributeType ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' means complete identity or very close resemblance -- what this means, and what the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but #$identicalInAttribute and #$differentInAttribute cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things. See also #$resemblesInAttribute, and #$differentInAttribute.
> guid: c13b28fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate #$TernaryPredicate

#$resemblesInAttribute resembles in attribute **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$resemblesInAttribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 resemble each other in their values of the #$AttributeType ATTRIBUTE. Here 'resembles' means has a 'close' or similar value in that attribute -- what this means, and what the standard of closeness or similarity is, depends on the context. See also #$identicalInAttribute and #$differentInAttribute.
> guid: bfbb8404-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate #$TernaryPredicate

#$differentInAttribute different in attribute **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$differentInAttribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 do not have the same values of the #$AttributeType ATTRIBUTE. Here 'the same' could mean complete identity or close resemblance -- what this 'different' means, and what the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but #$differentInAttribute and #$identicalInAttribute cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things. See also #$resemblesInAttribute, and #$identicalInAttribute.
> guid: bda14357-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ComparisonWRTPredicate #$IndividualLevelPredicate #$TernaryPredicate

#$Perceiving-Involuntary involuntary perception **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of mental events, a subcollection of #$Perceiving. Each instance of this collection is a perceptual event in which the agent involuntarily receives senory information. Thus, if I am in a room, and a light is turned on, I would see the light reflected off of the walls, but without any effort on my part. On the other hand, actively searching for something with my eyes would not be an instance of this collection.
> guid: bfc2df3a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Perceiving

#$Perceiving-Voluntary voluntary perception **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$Perceiving and #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary is a perceptual event in which the perceiving agent does not merely passively receive sensory information, but actively filters or directs how it is perceiving. Thus, searching for a set of lost keys would be an instance of #$Perceiving-Voluntary, as would straining to hear something, but merely hearing a balloon pop next to one would _not_.
> guid: be7798b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$PurposefulPhysicalAction #$Perceiving
> direct generalization of: #$Reading #$ListeningDeliberately #$WatchingSomething #$LookingForSomething

#$ConventionalClassificationType conventional classification types

> A collection of collections. Each instance of #$ConventionalClassificationType is a collection that corresponds to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see #$ClassificationSystem) used by people. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category. #$ConventionalClassificationTypes include categories in biological taxonomy, standard classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named calendar intervals.
> guid: bee6da31-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection #$CollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$Collection
> direct generalization of: #$UnitOfMeasureTypeByTypeMeasured #$UnitOfMeasureTypeBySystem #$OrganismClassificationType #$ConventionallyClassifiedDisjointTimeIntervalType #$TimeOfDayType #$PersonTypeByCulture #$FoodGroup #$GarmentTypeByRegionOfBodyCovered

#$ClassificationSystem conventional classification systems

> A specialization of #$AbstractInformationalThing. Each instance of #$ClassificationSystem is an agreed-upon or conventional classification system consisting of several #$ConventionalClassificationTypes (q.v.). In such a system, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the classificatory categories. #$ClassificationSystems include biological taxonomies, standard classifications, data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo systems, military doctrinal systems, and calendar systems.
> guid: c0d808c9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$AbstractInformationalThing #$Artifact-Intangible
> direct generalization of: #$KnowledgeBase

#$above-Generally above - generally

> (#$above-Generally OBJ1 OBJ2) means that the #$SpatialThing-Localized OBJ1 is more or less above the #$SpatialThing-Localized OBJ2. To be more precise: if OBJ1 is within a cone-shaped set of vectors within about 45 degrees of #$Up-Directly pointing up from OBJ2 (see #$Up-Generally), then (#$above-Generally OBJ1 OBJ2) holds. This is a more general predicate than #$above-Directly (q.v.), but it is a more specialized predicate than #$above-Higher (q.v.). It probably most closely conforms to the English word above.
> guid: be69c623-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$SpatialPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$above-Higher

#$Number-General numbers **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$MathematicalObject and #$ScalarPointValue. Each instance of this collection is one of a series of mathematical objects often denoted by symbols of unique meaning in a fixed order that can be derived by counting (even if, in the case of the reals, it is not always defined which number is directly 'next to' a given number). This is the most general collection of numbers; specializations include #$RealNumber, #$ComplexNumber, #$PrimeNumber, #$Probability, #$ConcentrationByWeight, and whatever else might count as a numeric quantity. Note, however, that this collection does not include transfinite cardinals such as #$Aleph-1 (see the #$cyclistNotes on #$Cardinal-Mathematical), nor does it include instances of #$ScalarInterval which may be arranged on a comparative spectrum (e.g. (#$LowAmountFn QUALITY) (#$MediumAmountFn QUALITY), (#$HighAmountFn QUALITY)) but which cannot receive a discrete, absolute, quantitative value.
> guid: bf1c02f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Interval-Bounded
> direct generalization of: #$ComplexNumber #$PositiveNumber

#$IndexicalConcept indexicals **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$IndexicalConcepts are those whose referent essentially depends on the occasion of use and the user, e.g., #$Now, I, Here. When I use the word 'I,' I am referring to myself (#$OKeefe), but 'I' does not mean #$OKeefe, but refers to whomever the user is. Similarly, #$Now denotes the moment in which it is used.
> guid: bf400028-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$VariableOrderCollection #$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
> direct specialization of: #$Thing

#$TextString texts (structured information sources) (mathematical concepts)

> A subcollection of #$CharacterString. Each instance of #$TextString is a #$CharacterString that constitutes a meaningful unit (with respect to some actual language or other #$CommunicationConvention), at or above the level of a word or multi-character symbol (such as might be defined in a formal language or #$ComputerProgram-CW). Thus, `er#q2' is a #$CharacterString but not (as far as I know) a #$TextString, whereas the sentence you are now reading is a #$TextString, as is a paragraph, etc. Note that, as with all #$CharacterStrings, a #$TextString is a sequence of abstract symbols, not a tangible instantiation of it.
> guid: bfae4fb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$CharacterString
> direct generalization of: #$SharedNote #$NLSentence

#$SpacePoint-Empirical points in space (things with a location) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A subcollection of #$SpaceRegion-Empirical. Each instance of #$SpacePoint-Empirical is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to the embedding space of the empirical universe of the context. Examples include the location of the center of mass of the Milky Way Galaxy at the beginning of the twentieth century. Note that instances of this collection are embedded in time. If time is not a significant parameter (if in an atemporal or temporally agnostic context) consider using #$SpacePoint.
> guid: c07d5038-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$GenericShapeType #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$SpacePoint #$SpaceRegion-Empirical

#$InanimateObject-Natural natural inanimate objects **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made) objects. It is a subclass of #$InanimateThing-Natural, distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which are existing object-types. Thus, #$CelestialObject would be a subclass of this collection, but #$Dirt would not.
> guid: bea9777b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$InanimateThing-Natural
> direct generalization of: #$AstronomicalObject #$SubAtomicParticle

#$InanimateThing-Natural natural inanimate things

> An instance of #$ExistingStuffType, and a specialization of #$InanimateThing. Each instance of #$InanimateThing-Natural is an #$InanimateThing that was not created by an #$Agent in a #$PurposefulAction. Thus, the #$MoonOfEarth, human #$Sweat staining a shirt, and most footprints left by people in the snow belong to this collection, but wood chips left around a tree being chopped down, tailings left from a mine, and the #$ArcDeTriomphe do not.
> guid: bda91555-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ExistingStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$NaturalTangibleStuff
> direct generalization of: #$InanimateObject-Natural #$Stream #$Sea #$LandStuff #$Mineral #$PrecipitationParticle #$PrecipitationCloud

#$succession-RST succession rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when they describe events which are related to one another by succession.
> guid: c08e2032-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate

#$contrastive-RST contrastive rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 and ARG2 are presented as being similar in many ways but contrasting in ways the speaker wants to point out.
> guid: bea0d091-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$purpose-RST purpose rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which is initiated with the purpose of achieving ARG2. #$purpose-RST is agnostic as to volition; see also #$volitionalCause-RST.
> guid: bf68331b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$nonVolitionalResult-RST non volitional result rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which could be a nonvolitional cause of ARG2.
> guid: c1029a4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$nonVolitionalCause-RST non volitional cause rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could be a cause of the nonvolitional action described in ARG1.
> guid: c08d2a4f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$motivation-RST motivation rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could motivate the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
> guid: be8c8f57-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$means-RST means rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies a means of carrying out ARG1.
> guid: bd63bbe6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$logicalCondition-RST logical condition rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The relation known as logical condition in Rhetorical Structure Theory.
> guid: bfe8cc79-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

#$enablement-RST enablement rst **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could enable the listener to carry out the actions described in ARG1.
> guid: bd91eb29-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate

Copyright© 1996-2002. All rights reserved. See Terms of Usage.