## Movement

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Last Update: 4/5/02
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### Top-Level Movement Collections

#$MovementEvent moves **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$GeneralizedTransfer. Each instance of #$MovementEvent is an event in which at least one object translates some distance, or in which at least one object moves from one rotational orientation to another rotational orientation. Each instance of #$MovementEvent is thus a rotation or translation of some object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting), where the movement occurs relative to a frame of reference which is not part of the rotating or translating object. Notable specializations of #$MovementEvent include #$Translocation, #$Rotation-NonPeriodic, and #$Movement-Periodic.
> guid: bd590401-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent #$GeneralizedTransfer
> direct generalization of: #$Translocation #$Movement-NonPeriodic #$Movement-Periodic #$MovementProcess #$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid #$Movement-Rotation #$ChemicalInteraction #$DisappearingFromSight

#$MovementProcess movements **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$MovementProcess is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent. Its instances are those #$MovementEvents which can be considered as continuous motions. That is, (1) motion happens without interruption throughout a #$MovementProcess, and thus (2) every time-slice of a #$MovementProcess is also a #$MovementProcess.
> guid: bd5890cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$MovementEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Movement-TranslationProcess

#$Movement-Rotation rotations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$Movement-Rotation is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent. Instances of #$Movement-Rotation are those moving events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving is an #$objectRotating, i.e., it rotates about an axis that spatially intersects it (or that goes through a hole in it). For example, the daily rotation of the #$PlanetEarth on its axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end. A negative example is the orbiting of #$PlanetEarth around the #$Sun - the axis does not spatially intersect the object.
> guid: bd58cb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MovementEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Rotation-Periodic #$Rotation-NonPeriodic

#$Movement-TranslationEvent movements from one place to another **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Translocation. Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting) moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the object's center of mass changes location with respect to the relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not move completely out of its original spatial extent; for example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent include events in which the movement ends in the same place it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange), the to and from locations of the movement (see the predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation) are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent (e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.).
> guid: bd588e70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Translocation
> direct generalization of: #$Movement-TranslationProcess #$Translation-NonPeriodic #$TranslationAlongASurface #$Translation-NoLocationChange #$Translation-Periodic #$Translation-MultiTrajectory #$Translation-SingleTrajectory #$Translation-LocationChange #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$Translation-Complete #$Translation-Flow

#$Movement-Periodic periodic movements **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$MovementEvent. Each instance of #$Movement-Periodic is a movement event in which the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving) returns repeatedly to a certain location or orientation at more or less regular time intervals. Examples of #$Movement-Periodic include the motion of a seesaw one afternoon, the dribbling of a basketball in place by Magic Johnson, and the motion of a slinky going down a staircase as it periodically changes its orientation through a fixed, repetive series of orientations.
> guid: bd658729-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$MovementEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Rotation-Periodic #$Translation-Periodic

#$Movement-NonPeriodic non-periodic movements **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$MovementEvent. Each instance of #$Movement-NonPeriodic is a movement event in which the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving) does not return to a previous location or orientation, or returns to a previous location or orientation only in a chaotic manner. An example of a #$Movement-NonPeriodic would be the motion of a basketball being dribbled by a basketball player as she runs downcourt. For contrast, see #$Movement-Periodic.
> guid: bd5dac56-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MovementEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Translation-NonPeriodic #$Rotation-NonPeriodic

### Key Movement Collections From The Secondary Level

#$Movement-TranslationEvent movements from one place to another **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Translocation. Each instance of #$Movement-TranslationEvent is an event in which an object (an instance of #$SomethingExisting) moves some distance (so that at some point in the event, the object's center of mass changes location with respect to the relevant frame of reference). The moving object need not move completely out of its original spatial extent; for example, a building moving one foot to the left undergoes a #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Instances of #$Movement-TranslationEvent include events in which the movement ends in the same place it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the Indianapolis race track, or a trip to the grocery store and back). In such cases (all of which are instances of the specialization #$Translation-NoLocationChange), the to and from locations of the movement (see the predicates #$toLocation and #$fromLocation) are identical. In other cases of #$Movement-TranslationEvent (e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by Roger Maris), the to and from locations are different; in these cases, the movement events are also instances of #$Translation-LocationChange (q.v.).
> guid: bd588e70-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Translocation
> direct generalization of: #$Movement-TranslationProcess #$Translation-NonPeriodic #$TranslationAlongASurface #$Translation-NoLocationChange #$Translation-Periodic #$Translation-MultiTrajectory #$Translation-SingleTrajectory #$Translation-LocationChange #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$Translation-Complete #$Translation-Flow

#$Movement-TranslationProcess movement processes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$Movement-TranslationProcess is the subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvents whose insatnces can be pragmatically considered to be continuous processes. In any instance of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, all time-slices of that process are also themselves instances of #$Movement-TranslationProcess. Note that walking is a type of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, even though it involves some nonzero accelerations and jerks. A non-example would be a plot of the various residences you've lived in (``moved to'') over the course of your lifetime; another non-example would be Captain Kirk beaming up to the Enterprise; another would be the ``tunneling'' of an electron in a tunnel diode.
> guid: bd588e2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$MovementProcess #$Movement-TranslationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$LocomotionProcess-Animal

#$Translation-SingleTrajectory translation (movement from one place to another) **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$Translation-SingleTrajectory is a translational movement which involves exactly one #$trajectory-Complete. One or more items may have the role of #$objectMoving in such an event. Note that although there is a single #$trajectory-Complete, it does not follow that there is a unique #$fromLocation and a unique #$toLocation because that depends on our descriptions of locations. (A single-trajectory movement can be described as from TX to PA, or from Austin to Pittsburgh, or even from northwest Austin to south Pittsburgh.) However, the single #$trajectory-Complete connects one #$fromLocation and one #$toLocation. (Similarly, there may be a single existing #$motionPathway-Complete that the trajectory goes along, or a single #$Traversal of paths indicated by #$traverses-Complete.) Note that a translational motion performed by a whole #$Group is likely to be a #$Translation-SingleTrajectory; e.g. a flock of birds flying together or a snarl of rush-hour traffic on the Beltway. Non-examples include an opening break in a game of billiards and a group of water droplets coming together into one big drop (cf. #$Translation-MultiTrajectory).
> guid: bd5b0dc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$PassingThroughPortal #$ProjectileMotion #$Conveying-Generic #$LocomotionEvent

#$Translation-MultiTrajectory multi-path translation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In any instance of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory, motion may occur simultaneously along two or more instances of #$Trajectory (which are not related by sub-trajectory relationships.) Therefore, there must be at least two #$objectMovings in such an event. There may be more than one #$fromLocation and/or more than one #$toLocation. Instances of #$Translation-MultiTrajectory include scattering, distributing, and collecting things. E.g., all of the following exhibit multi-trajectory translation movements: a rainshower or snowfall; an exploding firework; water being ejected from a sprinkling system; the surrounding objects being sucked up by a tornado; participants running a 100K footrace; pool balls during the opening break. For non-examples of this, see #$Translation-SingleTrajectory.
> guid: bd5ef8af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent

#$Translation-Periodic periodic translation

> A specialization of both #$Movement-TranslationEvent and #$Movement-Periodic. Each instance of #$Translation-Periodic is a translational movement in which the moving object returns to a certain location repeatedly, and at more or less regular time intervals. Instances of #$Translation-Periodic include a ball bouncing in place and a planet revolving around a star. Note that a planet rotating on its axis or a top spinning in place would not count as an instance of #$Translation-Periodic, since these movements, although periodic, are rotations rather than translations.
> guid: bd5e1d42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent #$Movement-Periodic

#$Translation-NonPeriodic non-periodic translation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The collection of all non-periodic translational movement events, i.e., the intersection of #$Movement-NonPeriodic and #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-NonPeriodic, the #$objectMoving is in translational motion and does not move back the same position on the regular temporal basis (it can visit the same location multiple times, just not regularly).
> guid: bfbfe759-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent #$Movement-NonPeriodic

#$Translation-Complete complete translation **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of translational motion events; hence a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-Complete, the entire moving object (see #$objectMoving) moves from the place of origin (see #$fromLocation) to the destination (see #$toLocation). That is, the object completely leaves the origin and relocates to the destination. The moving object may be either a #$NonFluidlike object (e.g. a baseball) or a #$FluidTangibleThing all of which moves from one place to another (e.g. the gasoline used to fill a gas tank). Another example: a single molecule of water flowing from point A to point B in a river. Non-examples: a river flowing from A to B (the river itself is not relocated); a rubber band stretching. A borderline case: a spider spins a web, leaving part of itself, in effect, extended out behind it; in most contexts that would still be considered a #$Translation-Complete. Note that #$Translation-Complete is noncommittal as to whether net movement has occurred, so round-trip events qualify as complete translations (cf. #$Translation-LocationChange).
> guid: bd61f7aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$PassingThroughPortal #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt #$ProjectileMotion #$FluidFlow-Complete #$TransportationEvent #$LocomotionEvent

#$Translation-Flow fluxes **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of both #$FluidFlowEvent and #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-Flow, the moving object (see the predicate #$objectMoving) is an instance of #$FluidTangibleThing (i.e., a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk) rather than a discrete solid object. At least some of the moving object leaves its original position (see the predicate #$fromLocation) and some arrives at the destination (see the predicate #$toLocation), but it is not necessary that all of the moving object go from the origin to the destination. Instances of #$Translation-Flow include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling one's lungs when one takes a breath. Other instances of #$Translation-Flow include flows of ``fluids'' such as sand, drifting snow, etc., which are composed of multiple solid particles.
> guid: bd590484-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent #$FluidFlowEvent
> direct generalization of: #$FluidFlow-Complete #$WindProcess

#$Translation-LocationChange changes of location **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of translational motion events; thus a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In each instance of #$Translation-LocationChange, the moving object (see #$objectMoving) ends up in a different place than it started from: the destination (see #$toLocation) is not the same as the origin (see #$fromLocation). Thus, a round-trip travel event (see #$Translation-RoundTrip) is _not_ an instance of this collection. Cf. #$Translation-NoLocationChange.
> guid: bd5f8117-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$LeavingAPlace #$PassingThroughPortal #$DescendingEvent #$ProjectileMotion #$EmittingAnObject #$GoingSomewhere

#$Translation-NoLocationChange translations without location change **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of translational motion events; hence a subcollection of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In any instance of #$Translation-NoLocationChange, the #$objectMoving undergoes translational motion but ends up where it started --- i.e., there is no NET movement; i.e., its #$fromLocation and #$toLocation are the same. Between the beginning and the end of a #$Translation-NoLocationChange, the #$objectMoving may visit the #$toLocation and the #$fromLocation any number of times. E.g., consider the motion of a person who is born in, and 80 years later dies in, the very same hospital, and has been there a few times in between for operations, visiting patients, etc. A less dramatic example is the motion of your car on a particular day, as it gets moved around, crosses its own path a few times, etc., but ends the day in the same place it started. Instances of #$Translation-NoLocationChange may be periodic or nonperiodic movements. An important subcollection of #$Translation-NoLocationChange is #$Translation-RoundTrip.
> guid: bd5e4464-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-TranslationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Translation-RoundTrip

#$Path-Generic generic paths

> A collection of things that are paths or can be considered paths. Each #$Path-Generic is either a a non-self-crossing path (see #$Path-Simple) or a cycle (see #$Path-Cyclic). A #$Path-Generic may be spatio-temporally abstract (e.g. links in Graph Theory; see #$Multigraph), spatially-located but intangible (e.g. a #$LatitudeLine might be used as a path in some system; see #$Path-Spatial and its specializations), or fully concrete (such as a road, railroad, sea-lane, cowpath, pipe, blood vessel, fiber, or wire; see #$Path-Customary and #$PathArtifact). #$Path-Generic includes anything that is used as a path in some #$PathSystem (q.v.). If a #$Path-Generic is a #$Path-Customary, then it might or might not have a specified #$PathSystem in which it is a path; if the #$Path-Generic is not a #$Path-Customary, then it can only be a path in some given #$PathSystem. For example, an orange is not a customary path, but it can be a path for ants in a specified ant path system. For any #$Path-Generic, there can be a #$Traversal (q.v.) of something moving along the entirety of that path (and a single #$Traversal can cross itself, double back along itself, or go back and forth along some part of a #$Path-Generic any number of times.) Note that #$Path-Generic is _not_ a subcollection of #$Individual, because there is nothing in principle to prevent a mathematical set or a collection from being used as a path in some path system. For similar reasons, few if any (non-empty) collections or sets can definitively be considered disjoint with #$Path-Generic.
> guid: c110820b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Individual
> direct generalization of: #$Path-Spatial #$Path-Cyclic #$SimpleSegmentOfPath #$Path-Simple

### Some Important Subsets Of #$Movement-Rotation

#$Movement-Rotation rotations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> #$Movement-Rotation is a subcollection of #$MovementEvent. Instances of #$Movement-Rotation are those moving events in which the #$primaryObjectMoving is an #$objectRotating, i.e., it rotates about an axis that spatially intersects it (or that goes through a hole in it). For example, the daily rotation of the #$PlanetEarth on its axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end. A negative example is the orbiting of #$PlanetEarth around the #$Sun - the axis does not spatially intersect the object.
> guid: bd58cb0a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$MovementEvent
> direct generalization of: #$Rotation-Periodic #$Rotation-NonPeriodic

#$Rotation-Periodic periodic rotations **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of rotational movements; a subcollection of #$Movement-Rotation. In any instance of #$Rotation-Periodic, either partial rotation (e.g., rocking) or full rotation (e.g., spinning) occurs periodically. Examples include the swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth on its axis. Note that the accuracy and duration of the periodic rotation is context-dependent. E.g., in a context spanning a long enough period of time, and/or if measured sufficiently accurately, the Earth's rotation does not have a fixed period. In a context short enough, and `approximate' enough, a spinning Olympic ice skater is performing a #$Rotation-Periodic event, even though a few seconds later they slow down and stop rotating.
> guid: bf9bb920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-Rotation #$Movement-Periodic

#$Rotation-NonPeriodic rotation non periodic **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> The set of all rotational movements in which rotation occurs in a nonperiodic fashion; e.g., the turning of a knob on a kitchen appliance or a radio dial, or movements of a trackball. See also #$Rotation-Periodic for the context-sensitive nature of this dichotomy.
> guid: c0962af5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Movement-Rotation #$Movement-NonPeriodic

### Some Important Movement

#$PassingThroughPortal passing through a portal **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of movement events. In an instance of #$PassingThroughPortal, an object goes from one spatial region to another by passing through a #$Portal between the regions. Examples: a portion of food passing from the stomach to the small intestine; a person walking through a door from the outdoors into a house.
> guid: bd58c298-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$Translation-Complete #$Translation-SingleTrajectory #$Translation-LocationChange
> direct generalization of: #$Ingesting #$Inhaling #$Exhaling

#$StandingStill stood (biological event) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. An instance of #$StandingStill is an event in which the `doer' supports its own weight by standing on at least one leg. Also, they must be standing in place, rather than running, running in place, etc. They must also be balancing themselves, although they might be holding onto something to facilitate that. A borderline case of this: an astronaut in zero-gravity who appears to be standing still. The trouble with allowing that is that it will violate many of the axioms about #$StandingStill -- the trouble with excluding it, though, is that one would have to duplicately state all the other axioms about #$StandingStill. Note: in a case like that, it might be best to divide this concept into two, to introduce a new term such as HoldingStill, and to distinguish the case of HoldingStill (in whatever posture, gravity, etc.) from Standing (supporting one's weight, balancing, etc.).
> guid: bd589915-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$HumanCapabilityType #$ControllableAutonomousActionType #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$AnimalActivity

#$Rubbing rubbing **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. An instance of #$Rubbing is an event in which the #$objectActedOn is rubbed.
> guid: bd589b80-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$FirstOrderCollection
> direct specialization of: #$VoluntaryBodyMovement #$Sliding-Generic #$ApplyingAForce
> direct generalization of: #$AbradingSomething #$PolishingSomething

#$PhysicalContactEvent physical contact event **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of physical events in which two or more objects are in physical contact (see #$touches) for at least part of the event's duration. Note that, although most #$PhysicalEvents involve some kind of touching, only those for which contact is salient should be instances of #$PhysicalContactEvent. For events involving continuous contact and events in which contact is made, respectively, see the specializations #$ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent and #$PhysicalContactMakingEvent.
> guid: bd58e742-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
> direct specialization of: #$PhysicalEvent #$PhysicalContactSituation
> direct generalization of: #$ContinuousPhysicalContactEvent #$Motion-SolidAgainstSolid

#$RemovingSomething removals

> A specialization of #$PurposefulAction. Each instance of #$RemovingSomething is an event in which an agent deliberately removes one object from another object. The removed object is related to the instance of #$RemovingSomething via the predicate #$objectRemoved, while the object to which it belonged prior to its removal is related via the predicate #$objectRemaining. In different types of removals, either the #$objectRemoved or the #$objectRemaining may be destroyed, or both may survive. Specializations of #$RemovingSomething include #$Ablation, #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt, and #$CuttingOffAPiece.
> guid: bd588d0d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$PurposefulPhysicalAction #$ActionOnObject #$Separation-Complete
> direct generalization of: #$ShavingSomething #$Ablation #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt #$Cleaning

#$ReceivingAnObject receiving an object **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events, #$ReceivingAnObject is a subcollection of the collection #$Receiving. An instance of #$ReceivingAnObject is an event in which there is some #$PartiallyTangible which is the #$objectMoving, i.e., the thing which `comes in' to the receiver (the #$toLocation). For example, the #$objectMoving on an occasion when Lynn Swann received a pass from Terry Bradshaw during a Steelers' game would be a football (i.e., some instance of #$Football-American) and the passing/receiving event itself would be an instance of #$ReceivingAnObject.
> guid: bf0c9ca6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Receiving

#$objectEmitted thing emitted (actor slot) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate is used in connection with particular instances of #$EmittingAnObject, to identify the object which `comes out' during the event. (#$objectEmitted EMIT OBJ) means that OBJ is emitted from the #$emitter during the emission event EMIT. The #$objectEmitted is also an #$objectMoving in EMIT. For example, in a particular human #$BirthEvent, some particular #$HumanInfant is an #$objectEmitted.
> guid: bd58bec1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$primaryObjectMoving

#$EmittingAnObject emissions **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Emission. Each instance of #$EmittingAnObject is an emission event in which some partially tangible object (related to the emission event via #$objectEmitted) is emitted from something else (the emitter, related to the emission event via #$emitter). The emitted object goes from a place inside of the emitter to some place that is not within the emitter, and the emitter plays an active role in the emission. Notable specializations of #$EmittingAnObject include #$Bleeding, #$PrecipitationProcess, and #$SecretionEvent.
> guid: bd58e6c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Emission #$Translation-LocationChange
> direct generalization of: #$BirthEvent #$SecretionEvent #$Exhaling

#$destination-RoundTrip destination - round trip

> (#$destination-RoundTrip TRIP PLACE) means that the #$PartiallyTangible PLACE is the destination of the outbound leg (see the predicate #$outboundLegOfRoundTrip) of the #$Translation-RoundTrip TRIP, and that PLACE is the starting point of the inbound leg (see the predicate #$inboundLegOfRoundTrip) of TRIP.
> guid: c10aee64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$nonDeliberateActors

#$Translation-RoundTrip round trips **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Translation-NoLocationChange. Each instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip represents one round trip event. That is, an instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip is a complete translational movement that begins and ends in the same place (thus, the #$fromLocation and #$toLocation of the round trip are identical). However, a round trip is usually a discontinuous motion (cf. #$Movement-TranslationProcess). In the simplest case, it has exactly one #$outboundLegOfRoundTrip and exactly one #$inboundLegOfRoundTrip (qq.v.), and the trip breaks at the #$destination-RoundTrip, which is the place that the traveller visits in between the two legs of the journey. Thus, in addition to a #$fromLocation and #$toLocation, an instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip also has an #$origin-RoundTrip and #$destination-RoundTrip. The #$origin-RoundTrip is just the same as the #$fromLocation and #$toLocation. Note: to describe a multi-stop `round trip', instead of using #$Translation-RoundTrip one can represent it as a circuit composed of a series of one-way legs.
> guid: c10aee07-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$Translation-NoLocationChange
> direct generalization of: #$AnimalMigration

#$target target (actor slot) **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate relates any sort of transfer event to the place where the thing being transferred is intended, by the agent who performs or directs the transfer, to end up. More precisely, (#$target TRANSFER TARGET) means that an agent playing either the #$performedBy or #$directingAgent role in the #$GeneralizedTransfer TRANSFER intends that some tangible thing playing the #$transferredThing role in TRANSFER be at TARGET upon the completion of TRANSFER. Obviously, this does not entail that the transferred thing actually end up at TARGET. For example, if I throw a dart the target is likely to be a dartboard (or, if I'm really good, the bullseye), and when I drive my car immediately after work the target is likely to be my house.
> guid: c10afaed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$ActorSlot
> direct specialization of: #$preActors

#$DirectedTranslation directed movements **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A specialization of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. Each instance of #$DirectedTranslation is a movement event that is #$performedBy an #$Agent that intends for the #$objectMoving to reach a particular #$target. Examples: William Tell shooting the apple off his son's head, John Wilkes Booth shooting Abraham Lincoln, the last time you tossed a frisbee to someone, a pilot landing an airplane, and a skiier skiing one run of the downhill course.
> guid: bdb6c421-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalStuffType
> direct specialization of: #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$ControllingSomething
> direct generalization of: #$GuidingAMovingObject #$ConveyingMaterials #$SendingSomething

#$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion events of causing another object's translational motion **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> A collection of events. In each instance of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, one object causes another object to undergo a translational motion. The object causing the motion is the #$providerOfMotiveForce. The object which is caused to move is the #$objectActedOn (and also the #$objectMoving) in the event. One way to cause another object's motion is to carry it along with oneself (see the specialization #$CarryingWhileLocomoting); other ways include throwing it, kicking it, or knocking it away. Some instances of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion may also be instances of #$Translation-Complete (such as instances of #$CarryingWhileLocomoting) whereas others (such as instances of #$PumpingFluid) may be instances of #$Translation-Flow. Examples include a train transporting passengers, a person pushing a coin into a vending machine, the release of a bowstring which propels an arrow, and a magnet attracting a nail.
> guid: bd58d844-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$TemporalObjectType
> direct specialization of: #$ActionOnObject #$Movement-TranslationEvent
> direct generalization of: #$DirectedTranslation #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt #$Conveying-Generic #$PuttingOnAClothingItem

#$distanceOfRotation distance of rotation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate indicates, for a particular rotational motion event, the total absolute value of the angular distance travelled by the #$objectMoving in that event. (#$distanceOfRotation ROT DIST) means that in the event ROT, the #$objectMoving travelled the angular distance DIST. Note that this is not the same as the net angular displacement of the #$objectMoving, but rather the entire angular distance travelled. So if you unscrew a jar lid 1/6 of a turn, and later screw it back on, the #$distanceOfRotation is 120 degrees, not zero; and if you spin around ten times, your #$distanceOfRotation is 3600 degrees, not zero. Angular distance is measured in degrees, radians, etc.
> guid: bf2978c4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryRolePredicate

#$fromOrientation from orientation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate indicates, for the particular rotational motion ROT, the orientation that the #$objectMoving in that event has at the beginning of that motion. (#$fromOrientation ROT ORIENT) means that when ROT begins, the object that moves in ROT has the position ORIENT, with respect to the current frame of reference. For example, the object may have a #$HorizontalOrientation, #$VerticalOrientation, #$RightSideUp orientation, etc. See also #$toOrientation, #$OrientationAttribute.
> guid: bf0f8bfb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryRolePredicate
> direct specialization of: #$from-Generic

#$toOrientation to orientation **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate indicates, for the particular rotational motion ROT, the orientation that the #$primaryObjectMoving in that event has after that motion. (#$toOrientation ROT ORIENT) means that when ROT ends, the object that moved in ROT has the final position ORIENT, with respect to the current frame of reference. Examples of orientations include: #$HorizontalOrientation, #$VerticalOrientation, #$UpSideDown. See also #$fromOrientation, #$OrientationAttribute.
> guid: bfcf393f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryRolePredicate
> direct specialization of: #$to-Generic

#$distanceTranslated distance translated **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> This predicate relates a translational movement event to the total distance travelled by the #$objectMoving in that event. (#$distanceTranslated MOVE DIST) means that in the event MOVE, the #$objectMoving covered the distance DIST. Note that DIST is the actual distance travelled by the object, not merely its net change in position; so if the #$motionPathway-Complete of MOVE is a round trip a mile each way to the store, the #$distanceTranslated would be 2 miles, not zero.
> guid: bd5898d6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$BinaryRolePredicate

#$movesInDirection-Average moves in direction - average **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$movesInDirection-Average OBJ DIR) means that OBJ moves in the average direction DIR. In other words DIR is the direction from the the location of OBJ at the 'start' to the location of OBJ at the 'end'. The times 'start' and 'end' are determined by either the beginning and end of either argument one of a #$holdsIn expression that the #$movesInDirection-Average assertion is wrapped, or the beginning and ending times of OBJ. This predicate is useful when you wish to make the statement about the overall direction of a moving object in spite of short term deviations in time or in space from this overall direction. Consider such exemplar cases as a temporally varying direction of a fluttering butterfly or the spatially varying course of a winding river. However, if you need to make inferences about the direction of motion of a temporal or spatial slice of OBJ, consider using the stronger #$movesInDirection-Throughout. Related predicates include #$directionOfTranslation-Avg and #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout which relate a #$Movement-TranslationEvent to a direction that all #$objectMovings of that event move in. #$movesInDirection-Average is to be preferred over #$directionOfTranslation-Avg in situations where the computational cost of reifying a movement event (see #$Movement-TranslationEvent) is not warranted.
> guid: be017b5f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$movesInDirection-Throughout moves in direction - throughout **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$movesInDirection-Throughout OBJ DIR) means that OBJ moves in the direction DIR throughout all spatial and temporal slices of OBJ. Since instances of #$Entity rarely move in one direction throughout their entire existence, assertions involving #$movesInDirection-Throughout will usually be qualified with a #$holdsIn. This predicate is useful for inheriting the direction of motion of an object to its temporal or spatial parts. If such an inference is too strong see #$movesInDirection-Average. Negative exemplar cases of the relationship include a winding river whose different spatial slices follow different directions, or a deflating balloon whose different temporal slices move in different directions. Positive exemplar usages of #$movesInDirection-Throughout could relate a specific point of the winding river to its direction, or could relate the deflating balloon at particular instant in time to its direction. Related predicates include #$directionOfTranslation-Avg and #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout which relate a #$Movement-TranslationEvent to a direction that all #$objectMovings of that event move in. #$movesInDirection-Throughout is to be preferred over #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout in situations where the computational cost of reifying a movement event (see #$Movement-TranslationEvent) is not warranted.
> guid: bfa39b1c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout direction (binary predicate) **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout MOVEMENT DIR) means that the #$objectMoving in MOVEMENT moves in the direction DIR *throughout* MOVEMENT. I.e. for every #$timeSlices of MOVEMENT the direction of the #$objectMoving is DIR. This is useful for talking about the 'instantaneous direction' of a translation event. It is also useful for talking about the direction of motion in a movement event in which there is no curving. Note that the semantics of this can get confusing when #$directionOfTranslation-Throughout is inside #$holdsIn expressions. For example, let's say a particle P, moves in a great arcing motion event M which lasts for one hour. If we pick two *instances*, I1 and I2 within that hour, the value of DIR (if it is a precise vector) must be different. Thus, in CycL the values of D1 and D2 would be different (#$holdsIn I1 (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout M D1)), (#$holdsIn I2 (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout M D2)) because the instantaneous direction of travel would be changing thoughout M. Furthermore, it would be impossible to ascribe a precise vector value for DIR that would apply to (#$holdsIn M (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout M D3)) or equivalently to (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout M D3) for the same reason, i.e. that the direction is constantly changing throughout M.
> guid: bd58ba7c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
> direct specialization of: #$directionOfTranslation-Avg

#$directionOfTranslation-Avg direction of translation - avg **COMMENT NOT REVIEWED** **GAFs NOT REVIEWED**

> Predicate used to specify the 'general' direction of travel in a #$Movement-TranslationEvent. The direction will be stated as a range specified with a vector interval.
> guid: c07c2ac0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
> direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate

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