org.springframework.orm.hibernate3

## Interface HibernateOperations

- All Known Implementing Classes:
    HibernateTemplate

      public interface HibernateOperations

  Interface that specifies a basic set of Hibernate operations, implemented by `HibernateTemplate`. Not often used, but a useful option to enhance testability, as it can easily be mocked or stubbed.

  Defines `HibernateTemplate`'s data access methods that mirror various `Session` methods. Users are strongly encouraged to read the Hibernate `Session` javadocs for details on the semantics of those methods.

  Note that operations that return an `Iterator` (i.e. `iterate(..)`) are supposed to be used within Spring-driven or JTA-driven transactions (with `HibernateTransactionManager`, `JtaTransactionManager`, or EJB CMT). Else, the `Iterator` won't be able to read results from its `ResultSet` anymore, as the underlying Hibernate `Session` will already have been closed.

  Note that lazy loading will just work with an open Hibernate `Session`, either within a transaction or within `OpenSessionInViewFilter`/ `OpenSessionInViewInterceptor`. Furthermore, some operations just make sense within transactions, for example: `contains`, `evict`, `lock`, `flush`, `clear`.

  Since:
    1.2
  Author:
    Juergen Hoeller
  See Also:
    `HibernateTemplate`, `Session`, `HibernateTransactionManager`, `JtaTransactionManager`, `OpenSessionInViewFilter`, `OpenSessionInViewInterceptor`

- - ### Method Summary

    Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `int` | `bulkUpdate(String queryString)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query.
    `int` | `bulkUpdate(String queryString, Object... values)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `int` | `bulkUpdate(String queryString, Object value)` Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `void` | `clear()` Remove all objects from the `Session` cache, and cancel all pending saves, updates and deletes.
    `void` | `closeIterator(Iterator it)` Immediately close an `Iterator` created by any of the various `iterate(..)` operations, instead of waiting until the session is closed or disconnected.
    `boolean` | `contains(Object entity)` Check whether the given object is in the Session cache.
    `void` | `delete(Object entity)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `delete(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `delete(String entityName, Object entity)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `delete(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Delete the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `deleteAll(Collection entities)` Delete all given persistent instances.
    `Filter` | `enableFilter(String filterName)` Return an enabled Hibernate `Filter` for the given filter name.
    `void` | `evict(Object entity)` Remove the given object from the `Session` cache.
    `<T> T` | `execute(HibernateCallback<T> action)` Execute the action specified by the given action object within a `Session`.
    `List` | `executeFind(HibernateCallback<?> action)` Execute the specified action assuming that the result object is a `List`.
    `List` | `find(String queryString)` Execute an HQL query.
    `List` | `find(String queryString, Object... values)` Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `find(String queryString, Object value)` Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria)` Execute a query based on a given Hibernate criteria object.
    `List` | `findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on the given Hibernate criteria object.
    `List` | `findByExample(Object exampleEntity)` Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByExample(Object exampleEntity, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByExample(String entityName, Object exampleEntity)` Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByExample(String entityName, Object exampleEntity, int firstResult, int maxResults)` Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
    `List` | `findByNamedParam(String queryString, String[] paramNames, Object[] values)` Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedParam(String queryString, String paramName, Object value)` Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQuery(String queryName)` Execute a named query.
    `List` | `findByNamedQuery(String queryName, Object... values)` Execute a named query binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQuery(String queryName, Object value)` Execute a named query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName, String[] paramNames, Object[] values)` Execute a named query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName, String paramName, Object value)` Execute a named query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
    `List` | `findByNamedQueryAndValueBean(String queryName, Object valueBean)` Execute a named query, binding the properties of the given bean to ":" named parameters in the query string.
    `List` | `findByValueBean(String queryString, Object valueBean)` Execute an HQL query, binding the properties of the given bean to named parameters in the query string.
    `void` | `flush()` Flush all pending saves, updates and deletes to the database.
    `<T> T` | `get(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `<T> T` | `get(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `Object` | `get(String entityName, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `Object` | `get(String entityName, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.
    `void` | `initialize(Object proxy)` Force initialization of a Hibernate proxy or persistent collection.
    `Iterator` | `iterate(String queryString)` Execute a query for persistent instances.
    `Iterator` | `iterate(String queryString, Object... values)` Execute a query for persistent instances, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
    `Iterator` | `iterate(String queryString, Object value)` Execute a query for persistent instances, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
    `<T> T` | `load(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `<T> T` | `load(Class<T> entityClass, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `void` | `load(Object entity, Serializable id)` Load the persistent instance with the given identifier into the given object, throwing an exception if not found.
    `Object` | `load(String entityName, Serializable id)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `Object` | `load(String entityName, Serializable id, LockMode lockMode)` Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.
    `<T> List<T>` | `loadAll(Class<T> entityClass)` Return all persistent instances of the given entity class.
    `void` | `lock(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
    `void` | `lock(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
    `<T> T` | `merge(String entityName, T entity)` Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier.
    `<T> T` | `merge(T entity)` Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier.
    `void` | `persist(Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `void` | `persist(String entityName, Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `void` | `refresh(Object entity)` Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `refresh(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
    `void` | `replicate(Object entity, ReplicationMode replicationMode)` Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
    `void` | `replicate(String entityName, Object entity, ReplicationMode replicationMode)` Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
    `Serializable` | `save(Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `Serializable` | `save(String entityName, Object entity)` Persist the given transient instance.
    `void` | `saveOrUpdate(Object entity)` Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
    `void` | `saveOrUpdate(String entityName, Object entity)` Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?).
    `void` | `saveOrUpdateAll(Collection entities)` Deprecated. as of Spring 2.5, in favor of individual `saveOrUpdate` or `merge` usage
    `void` | `update(Object entity)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
    `void` | `update(Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
    `void` | `update(String entityName, Object entity)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
    `void` | `update(String entityName, Object entity, LockMode lockMode)` Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

- - ### Method Detail

    - #### execute

          <T> T execute(HibernateCallback<T> action)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Execute the action specified by the given action object within a `Session`.

      Application exceptions thrown by the action object get propagated to the caller (can only be unchecked). Hibernate exceptions are transformed into appropriate DAO ones. Allows for returning a result object, that is a domain object or a collection of domain objects.

      Note: Callback code is not supposed to handle transactions itself! Use an appropriate transaction manager like `HibernateTransactionManager`. Generally, callback code must not touch any `Session` lifecycle methods, like close, disconnect, or reconnect, to let the template do its work.

      Parameters:
        `action` - callback object that specifies the Hibernate action
      Returns:
        a result object returned by the action, or `null`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `HibernateTransactionManager`, `Session`

    - #### executeFind

          List executeFind(HibernateCallback<?> action)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Execute the specified action assuming that the result object is a `List`.

      This is a convenience method for executing Hibernate find calls or queries within an action.

      Parameters:
        `action` - calback object that specifies the Hibernate action
      Returns:
        a List result returned by the action, or `null`
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

    - #### get

          <T> T get(Class<T> entityClass,
                  Serializable id)
                throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### get

          <T> T get(Class<T> entityClass,
                  Serializable id,
                  LockMode lockMode)
                throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### get

          Object get(String entityName,
                   Serializable id)
                     throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(String, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### get

          Object get(String entityName,
                   Serializable id,
                   LockMode lockMode)
                     throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, or `null` if not found. Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.get(String, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance, or `null` if not found
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.get(Class, java.io.Serializable, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### load

          <T> T load(Class<T> entityClass,
                   Serializable id)
                 throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### load

          <T> T load(Class<T> entityClass,
                   Serializable id,
                   LockMode lockMode)
                 throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found. Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### load

          Object load(String entityName,
                    Serializable id)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(String, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### load

          Object load(String entityName,
                    Serializable id,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Return the persistent instance of the given entity class with the given identifier, throwing an exception if not found.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(String, java.io.Serializable, LockMode)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Returns:
        the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Class, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### loadAll

          <T> List<T> loadAll(Class<T> entityClass)
                          throws DataAccessException

      Return all persistent instances of the given entity class. Note: Use queries or criteria for retrieving a specific subset.
      Parameters:
        `entityClass` - a persistent class
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if there is a Hibernate error
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createCriteria(java.lang.Class)`

    - #### load

          void load(Object entity,
                  Serializable id)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Load the persistent instance with the given identifier into the given object, throwing an exception if not found.

      This method is a thin wrapper around `Session.load(Object, java.io.Serializable)` for convenience. For an explanation of the exact semantics of this method, please do refer to the Hibernate API documentation in the first instance.

      Parameters:
        `entity` - the object (of the target class) to load into
        `id` - the identifier of the persistent instance
      Throws:
        `ObjectRetrievalFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.load(Object, java.io.Serializable)`

    - #### refresh

          void refresh(Object entity)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Re-read the state of the given persistent instance.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to re-read
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.refresh(Object)`

    - #### refresh

          void refresh(Object entity,
                     LockMode lockMode)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Re-read the state of the given persistent instance. Obtains the specified lock mode for the instance.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to re-read
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.refresh(Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### contains

          boolean contains(Object entity)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Check whether the given object is in the Session cache.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistence instance to check
      Returns:
        whether the given object is in the Session cache
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if there is a Hibernate error
      See Also:
        `Session.contains(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### evict

          void evict(Object entity)
                     throws DataAccessException

      Remove the given object from the `Session` cache.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to evict
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.evict(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### initialize

          void initialize(Object proxy)
                          throws DataAccessException

      Force initialization of a Hibernate proxy or persistent collection.
      Parameters:
        `proxy` - a proxy for a persistent object or a persistent collection
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if we can't initialize the proxy, for example because it is not associated with an active Session
      See Also:
        `Hibernate.initialize(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### enableFilter

          Filter enableFilter(String filterName)
                              throws IllegalStateException

      Return an enabled Hibernate `Filter` for the given filter name. The returned `Filter` instance can be used to set filter parameters.
      Parameters:
        `filterName` - the name of the filter
      Returns:
        the enabled Hibernate `Filter` (either already enabled or enabled on the fly by this operation)
      Throws:
        `IllegalStateException` - if we are not running within a transactional Session (in which case this operation does not make sense)

    - #### lock

          void lock(Object entity,
                  LockMode lockMode)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to lock
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.lock(Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### lock

          void lock(String entityName,
                  Object entity,
                  LockMode lockMode)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Obtain the specified lock level upon the given object, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to lock
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.lock(String, Object, org.hibernate.LockMode)`

    - #### save

          Serializable save(Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Persist the given transient instance.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the transient instance to persist
      Returns:
        the generated identifier
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.save(Object)`

    - #### save

          Serializable save(String entityName,
                          Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Persist the given transient instance.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the transient instance to persist
      Returns:
        the generated identifier
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.save(String, Object)`

    - #### update

          void update(Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(Object)`

    - #### update

          void update(Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(Object)`

    - #### update

          void update(String entityName,
                    Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(String, Object)`

    - #### update

          void update(String entityName,
                    Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Update the given persistent instance, associating it with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to update
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.update(String, Object)`

    - #### saveOrUpdate

          void saveOrUpdate(Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instance with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.saveOrUpdate(Object)`

    - #### saveOrUpdate

          void saveOrUpdate(String entityName,
                          Object entity)
                            throws DataAccessException

      Save or update the given persistent instance, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instance with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.saveOrUpdate(String, Object)`

    - #### saveOrUpdateAll

          @Deprecated
          void saveOrUpdateAll(Collection entities)
                               throws DataAccessException

      Deprecated. as of Spring 2.5, in favor of individual `saveOrUpdate` or `merge` usage
      Save or update all given persistent instances, according to its id (matching the configured "unsaved-value"?). Associates the instances with the current Hibernate `Session`.
      Parameters:
        `entities` - the persistent instances to save or update (to be associated with the Hibernate `Session`)
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors

    - #### replicate

          void replicate(Object entity,
                       ReplicationMode replicationMode)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent object to replicate
        `replicationMode` - the Hibernate ReplicationMode
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.replicate(Object, org.hibernate.ReplicationMode)`

    - #### replicate

          void replicate(String entityName,
                       Object entity,
                       ReplicationMode replicationMode)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Persist the state of the given detached instance according to the given replication mode, reusing the current identifier value.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent object to replicate
        `replicationMode` - the Hibernate ReplicationMode
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.replicate(String, Object, org.hibernate.ReplicationMode)`

    - #### persist

          void persist(Object entity)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Persist the given transient instance. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `save`, associating the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to persist
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.persist(Object)`, `save(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### persist

          void persist(String entityName,
                     Object entity)
                       throws DataAccessException

      Persist the given transient instance. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `save`, associating the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to persist
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.persist(String, Object)`, `save(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### merge

          <T> T merge(T entity)
                  throws DataAccessException

      Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `saveOrUpdate`, but never associates the given object with the current Hibernate Session. In case of a new entity, the state will be copied over as well.

      Note that `merge` will not update the identifiers in the passed-in object graph (in contrast to TopLink)! Consider registering Spring's `IdTransferringMergeEventListener` if you would like to have newly assigned ids transferred to the original object graph too.

      Parameters:
        `entity` - the object to merge with the corresponding persistence instance
      Returns:
        the updated, registered persistent instance
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.merge(Object)`, `saveOrUpdate(java.lang.Object)`, `IdTransferringMergeEventListener`

    - #### merge

          <T> T merge(String entityName,
                    T entity)
                  throws DataAccessException

      Copy the state of the given object onto the persistent object with the same identifier. Follows JSR-220 semantics.

      Similar to `saveOrUpdate`, but never associates the given object with the current Hibernate `Session`. In the case of a new entity, the state will be copied over as well.

      Note that `merge` will not update the identifiers in the passed-in object graph (in contrast to TopLink)! Consider registering Spring's `IdTransferringMergeEventListener` if you would like to have newly assigned ids transferred to the original object graph too.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the object to merge with the corresponding persistence instance
      Returns:
        the updated, registered persistent instance
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.merge(String, Object)`, `saveOrUpdate(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### delete

          void delete(Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Delete the given persistent instance.
      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### delete

          void delete(Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Delete the given persistent instance.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Parameters:
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### delete

          void delete(String entityName,
                    Object entity)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Delete the given persistent instance.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### delete

          void delete(String entityName,
                    Object entity,
                    LockMode lockMode)
                      throws DataAccessException

      Delete the given persistent instance.

      Obtains the specified lock mode if the instance exists, implicitly checking whether the corresponding database entry still exists.

      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `entity` - the persistent instance to delete
        `lockMode` - the lock mode to obtain
      Throws:
        `ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException` - if not found
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### deleteAll

          void deleteAll(Collection entities)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Delete all given persistent instances.

      This can be combined with any of the find methods to delete by query in two lines of code.

      Parameters:
        `entities` - the persistent instances to delete
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.delete(Object)`

    - #### flush

          void flush()
                     throws DataAccessException

      Flush all pending saves, updates and deletes to the database.

      Only invoke this for selective eager flushing, for example when JDBC code needs to see certain changes within the same transaction. Else, it is preferable to rely on auto-flushing at transaction completion.

      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.flush()`

    - #### clear

          void clear()
                     throws DataAccessException

      Remove all objects from the `Session` cache, and cancel all pending saves, updates and deletes.
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Session.clear()`

    - #### find

          List find(String queryString)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Execute an HQL query.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### find

          List find(String queryString,
                  Object value)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### find

          List find(String queryString,
                  Object... values)
                    throws DataAccessException

      Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### findByNamedParam

          List findByNamedParam(String queryString,
                              String paramName,
                              Object value)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Execute an HQL query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `paramName` - the name of the parameter
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedParam

          List findByNamedParam(String queryString,
                              String[] paramNames,
                              Object[] values)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Execute an HQL query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `paramNames` - the names of the parameters
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByValueBean

          List findByValueBean(String queryString,
                             Object valueBean)
                               throws DataAccessException

      Execute an HQL query, binding the properties of the given bean to named parameters in the query string.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `valueBean` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Query.setProperties(java.lang.Object)`, `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`

    - #### findByNamedQuery

          List findByNamedQuery(String queryName)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Execute a named query.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQuery

          List findByNamedQuery(String queryName,
                              Object value)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Execute a named query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQuery

          List findByNamedQuery(String queryName,
                              Object... values)
                                throws DataAccessException

      Execute a named query binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam

          List findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName,
                                           String paramName,
                                           Object value)
                                             throws DataAccessException

      Execute a named query, binding one value to a ":" named parameter in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `paramName` - the name of parameter
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam

          List findByNamedQueryAndNamedParam(String queryName,
                                           String[] paramNames,
                                           Object[] values)
                                             throws DataAccessException

      Execute a named query, binding a number of values to ":" named parameters in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `paramNames` - the names of the parameters
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByNamedQueryAndValueBean

          List findByNamedQueryAndValueBean(String queryName,
                                          Object valueBean)
                                            throws DataAccessException

      Execute a named query, binding the properties of the given bean to ":" named parameters in the query string.

      A named query is defined in a Hibernate mapping file.

      Parameters:
        `queryName` - the name of a Hibernate query in a mapping file
        `valueBean` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        a `List` containing the results of the query execution
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Query.setProperties(java.lang.Object)`, `SharedSessionContract.getNamedQuery(String)`

    - #### findByCriteria

          List findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria)
                              throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query based on a given Hibernate criteria object.
      Parameters:
        `criteria` - the detached Hibernate criteria object. Note: Do not reuse criteria objects! They need to recreated per execution, due to the suboptimal design of Hibernate's criteria facility.
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `DetachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(org.hibernate.Session)`

    - #### findByCriteria

          List findByCriteria(DetachedCriteria criteria,
                            int firstResult,
                            int maxResults)
                              throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query based on the given Hibernate criteria object.
      Parameters:
        `criteria` - the detached Hibernate criteria object. Note: Do not reuse criteria objects! They need to recreated per execution, due to the suboptimal design of Hibernate's criteria facility.
        `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
        `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `DetachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(org.hibernate.Session)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

    - #### findByExample

          List findByExample(Object exampleEntity)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
      Parameters:
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`

    - #### findByExample

          List findByExample(String entityName,
                           Object exampleEntity)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query based on the given example entity object.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`

    - #### findByExample

          List findByExample(Object exampleEntity,
                           int firstResult,
                           int maxResults)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
      Parameters:
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
        `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
        `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

    - #### findByExample

          List findByExample(String entityName,
                           Object exampleEntity,
                           int firstResult,
                           int maxResults)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query based on a given example entity object.
      Parameters:
        `entityName` - the name of the persistent entity
        `exampleEntity` - an instance of the desired entity, serving as example for "query-by-example"
        `firstResult` - the index of the first result object to be retrieved (numbered from 0)
        `maxResults` - the maximum number of result objects to retrieve (or <=0 for no limit)
      Returns:
        a `List` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `Example.create(Object)`, `Criteria.setFirstResult(int)`, `Criteria.setMaxResults(int)`

    - #### iterate

          Iterator iterate(String queryString)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query for persistent instances.

      Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
      Returns:
        an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

    - #### iterate

          Iterator iterate(String queryString,
                         Object value)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query for persistent instances, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.

      Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

    - #### iterate

          Iterator iterate(String queryString,
                         Object... values)
                           throws DataAccessException

      Execute a query for persistent instances, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.

      Returns the results as an `Iterator`. Entities returned are initialized on demand. See the Hibernate API documentation for details.

      Parameters:
        `queryString` - a query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        an `Iterator` containing 0 or more persistent instances
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.iterate()`

    - #### closeIterator

          void closeIterator(Iterator it)
                             throws DataAccessException

      Immediately close an `Iterator` created by any of the various `iterate(..)` operations, instead of waiting until the session is closed or disconnected.
      Parameters:
        `it` - the `Iterator` to close
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - if the `Iterator` could not be closed
      See Also:
        `Hibernate.close(java.util.Iterator)`

    - #### bulkUpdate

          int bulkUpdate(String queryString)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Update/delete all objects according to the given query.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
      Returns:
        the number of instances updated/deleted
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

    - #### bulkUpdate

          int bulkUpdate(String queryString,
                       Object value)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding one value to a "?" parameter in the query string.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `value` - the value of the parameter
      Returns:
        the number of instances updated/deleted
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`

    - #### bulkUpdate

          int bulkUpdate(String queryString,
                       Object... values)
                         throws DataAccessException

      Update/delete all objects according to the given query, binding a number of values to "?" parameters in the query string.
      Parameters:
        `queryString` - an update/delete query expressed in Hibernate's query language
        `values` - the values of the parameters
      Returns:
        the number of instances updated/deleted
      Throws:
        `DataAccessException` - in case of Hibernate errors
      See Also:
        `SharedSessionContract.createQuery(java.lang.String)`, `Query.executeUpdate()`