An XML processing instruction encountered outside the document type declaration is represented by the ProcessingInstruction syntax element. This is a name-value element; the name of the syntax element is the processing instruction target name, and the value of the syntax element is the character data of the processing instruction. The value of the syntax element must not be empty. The name cannot be XML in either uppercase or lowercase.
If the value of the element contains the character sequence ?>, the sequence is replaced with the text ?>. This ensures that the content of the processing instruction cannot prematurely terminate the processing instruction. Occurrences of <, >, &, ", and ' are not translated to their escape sequences.
Examples of the XML ProcessingInstruction in an XML document and in tree structure form are shown below:
<example><?target This is a PI.?></example>
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