This glossary contains terms that pertain specifically
to the IBM® WebSphere® software for Telecom: IBM WebSphere IP
Multimedia Subsystem Connector V6.2, IBM WebSphere Presence Server V7.0, IBM WebSphere Telecom Web Services Server V7.1,
and IBM WebSphere XML Document Management
Server V7.0.
The glossary also contains relevant terms from the IBM English Terminology Database.
A
- Administrative console
- A graphical interface that guides the user through systems administration
tasks such as deployment, configuration, monitoring, starting and
stopping applications, services, and resources.
- Application Manager
- In Common Desktop Environment (CDE), a window containing objects
representing the system actions available to you.
- application programming interface (API)
- An interface that allows an application program that is written
in a high-level language to use specific data or functions of the
operating system or another program.
C
- Call Notification
- A Parlay X Web service that notifies Web clients of specific call
events established through the SIP protocol for a specific called
party. Call Notification supports regular SIP and IMS call flows.
- CDMA2000
- A set of 3G standards based on earlier 2G CDMA technology.
- charge header support vector utility
- A utility class that handles Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
messages, for charging interactions.
- Charging Collection Function (CCF)
- Defined by the 3GPP group as the entity that receives information
through Diameter messages pertaining to Charging Data Records.
- cluster
- A group of servers that are managed together and participate in
workload management. See also horizontal cluster, vertical cluster.
- code division multiple access (CDMA)
- A form of multiplexing where the transmitter encodes the signal
using a pseudo-random sequence, which the receiver also knows and
can use to decode the received signal. Each different random sequence
corresponds to a different communication channel.
- common base event
- A specification based on XML that defines a mechanism for managing
events, such as logging, tracing, management, and business events,
in business enterprise applications.
- common event infrastructure (CEI)
- A core technology of the IBM Autonomic Computing initiative that
provides basic event management services, including consolidating
and persisting raw events from multiple, heterogeneous sources and
distributing those events to event consumers.
D
- demilitarized zone (DMZ)
- A configuration including multiple firewalls to add layers of
protection between a corporate intranet and a public network, like
the Internet.
E
- Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
- A development of GSM that allows for the faster delivery of advance
mobile services such as full multimedia messaging.
- Enterprise JavaBeans
- A component architecture defined by Sun Microsystems for the development
and deployment of object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications.
- event state compositor (ESC)
- A server that processes PUBLISH requests and is responsible for
composing an event state into a complete, composite event state of
a resource.
F
- frequency division duplex (FDD)
- The application of FDMA to separate outbound and returning signals.
The uplink and downlink subbands are said to be separated by the "frequency
offset."
- frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
- An access technology that is used by radio systems to share the
radio spectrum. The terminology “multiple access” implies the sharing
of the resource among users, and “frequency division” describes how
the sharing is done by allocating users with different carrier frequencies
of the radio spectrum.
G
- General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
- A mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile telephones.
It is often described as "2.5G." that is, a technology between the
second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. It provides
moderately fast data transfer by using unused TDMA channels in the
GSM network.
- Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
- A second-generation (2G) standard for digital cellular telephone
systems, which originated in Europe and is now used in countries across
the globe. GSM networks use digital signals and narrowband TDMA, in
conformance to a standard developed by the 3GPP, to support voice,
data, text, and facsimile transmissions. The world's most popular
standard for mobile telephones, GSM service is used by more than 1.5
billion people across more than 210 countries and territories.
- Groupe Special Mobile (GSM)
- See Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
H
- home subscriber server (HSS)
- The server that manages the database of all subscriber and service
data in an IMS network. Parameters include user identity, allocated
S-CSCF name, roaming profile, authentication parameters, and service
information.
- horizontal cluster
- A cluster in which the cluster members exist on multiple physical
servers, effectively and efficiently distributing the workload of
a single instance. Horizontal clustering provides the ability to build
in redundancy and failover, to easily add new members to increase
capacity, and to improve scalability by adding heterogeneous systems
into the cluster. See also vertical cluster.
- hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
- An Internet protocol that is used to transfer and display hypertext
and XML documents on the Web. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).
I
- IMS Application Server (AS)
- Defined by the 3GPP to be the functional component that invokes
applications (usually SIP applications) that provide services to IMS
users.
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- A professional society accredited by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) to issue standards for the electronics industry.
- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
- The task force of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) that is
responsible for solving the short-term engineering needs of the Internet.
The IETF consists of numerous working groups, each focused on a particular
problem. Internet standards are typically developed or reviewed by
individual working groups before they can become standards.
- IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
- A network services architecture defined by 3GPP that enables support
for IP multimedia applications based on SIP and IETF Internet protocols.
IMS can use a variety of access methods, including wire-line IP, IEEE
802.11, 802.15, CDMA, and packet data transmission systems such as
GSM, EDGE, and UMTS.
J
- Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
- An environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications,
defined by Sun Microsystems Inc.
- Java API for XML-based RPC (JAX-RPC)
- A specification that describes application programming interfaces
(APIs) and conventions for building Web services and Web service clients
that use remote procedure calls (RPC) and XML. JAX-RPC is also known
as JSR 101.
- Java authentication authorization service (JAAS)
- In J2EE technology, a standard API for performing security-based
operations. Through JAAS, services can authenticate and authorize
users while enabling the applications to remain independent from underlying
technologies.
- Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
- An industry standard for database-independent connectivity between
the Java platform and a wide range of databases. The JDBC interface
provides a call-level API for SQL-based and XQuery-based database
access.
- Java Management Extensions (JMX)
- A means of doing management of and through Java technology. Developed
by Sun Microsystems, Inc., and other leading companies in the management
field, JMX is a universal, open extension of the Java programming
language for management that can be deployed across all industries,
wherever management is needed.
- Java Messaging Service (JMS)
- An application programming interface that provides Java language
functions for handling messages.
- Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)
- An extension to the Java platform that provides a standard interface
for heterogeneous naming and directory services.
- Java virtual machine (JVM)
- A software implementation of a central processing unit that runs
compiled Java code (applets and applications).
L
- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories
that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements
of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example,
LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources
in an Internet or intranet directory.
- location generator
- The entity that initially determines or gathers the location of
the target and creates location objects that describe the location
of the target.
- location object
- An object that conveys location information (and possibly privacy
rules) to which Geopriv security mechanisms and privacy rules are
to be applied.
- location recipient
- The entity that receives location information. It might have asked
for this location explicitly (by sending a query to a location server),
or it might receive this location asynchronously.
- location server
- an element that receives publications of Location Objects from
Location Generators and may receive subscriptions from Location Recipients.
An entity that receives location objects published by a location generator,
receives queries from location recipients, and applies privacy rules
designed by the rule maker, typically the target to whose location
information the rules apply.
M
- mediation primitives
- Program components that can be assembled into customized message-processing
flows in conjunction with the IBM WebSphere Telecom
Web Services Server (TWSS) Access Gateway.
- message-driven bean (MDB)
- An enterprise bean that provides asynchronous message support
and clearly separates message and business processing.
- mixed-media multilink transmission group (MMMLTG)
- A multilink transmission group that contains links of different
medium types (for example, token-ring, switched SDLC, nonswitched
SDLC, and frame-relay links).
- MLP
- Mobile Location Protocol, an Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) specification.
N
- natural language support (NLS)
- The ability for a user to communicate with hardware and software
products in a language of choice to obtain results that are culturally
acceptable.
O
- Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
- A standards body that develops open standards for the mobile phone
industry.
P
- Parlay
- A set of specifications for application programming interfaces
(APIs) for managing network services such as call control, messaging,
and content-based charging.
- Parlay Connector
- A Parlay Connector is the primary system component of Telecom
Web Services Server (TWSS) that provides connectivity to a Parlay
gateway by using a distributed communication protocol, most commonly
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA).
- Parlay gateway
- A server that hosts the service implementations for the Parlay
API. The TWSS Parlay Connector communicates with the Parlay gateway
over CORBA. The Parlay API consists of various telecom service APIs
which provide an abstract interface to network elements deployed in
the service provider network. Some TWSS Web service implementations
utilize the Parlay Connector to enable using the Parlay API to support
the functions exposed as Parlay X Web services.
- Parlay X
- A set of Web services designed to enable software developers to
use telecommunication capabilities in applications.
- Presence
- A Parlay X Web service that allows client applications to use
Web services to subscribe to a presentity, synchronously query the
current presence information for a presentity, receive asynchronous
notifications about changes in the presence information for a presentity,
and unsubscribe from a presentity.
- presence agent (PA)
- A SIP user agent that is capable of receiving SUBSCRIBE requests,
responding to them, and generating notifications of changes in presence
state. A presence agent must have knowledge of the presence state
of a presentity. This means that it must have access to presence
data manipulated by PUAs for the presentity.
- presence information
- Information comprising one or more presence tuples.
- presence server
- A service that accepts, stores, and distributes presence information.
- presence tuple
- A set of data comprising a status, an optional communication address,
and optional other presence information.
- presence user agent (PUA)
- A SIP user agent that manipulates presence information for a presentity.
This manipulation can be the side effect of some other action (such
as sending a SIP REGISTER request to add a new Contact) or can be
done explicitly through the publication of presence documents. A
presentity can have one or more PUAs. This means that a user can have
many devices (such as a cell phone and personal digital assistant
(PDA), each of which is independently generating a component of the
overall presence information for a presentity. PUAs push data into
the presence system but are outside it; they do not receive SUBSCRIBE
messages or send NOTIFY messages.
- presentity
- A presence entity, a software entity that provides presence information
to a presence service.
- public switched telephone network (PSTN)
- A communications common carrier network that provides voice and
data communications services over switched lines.
R
- registrar server
- An SIP server that keeps track of where a user can be contacted
and provides that information to callers. A SIP phone must register
its current location with a registrar server to allow calls to be
made to it using a phone number or alias. Without a registrar server,
the caller would need to know the correct IP address and port of the
telephone.
- resource list server (RLS)
- A server that accepts subscriptions to resource lists and sends
notifications to update subscribers of the state of the resources
in a resource list.
S
- Service Component Architecture (SCA)
- A set of specifications, published by the Open Service Oriented
Architecture collaboration (OSOA), that describe a model for building
applications and systems that builds on Service-Oriented Architecture
(SOA) specifications.
- Service Data Object (SDO)
- An open standard for enabling applications to handle data from
heterogeneous data sources in a uniform way. SDO incorporates J2EE
patterns but simplifies the J2EE data programming model.
- Service Policy Manager
- A component of WebSphere Telecom Web Services
Serverthat
provides a storage capability and access mechanism to enable the definition
of requesters, services, and subscriptions that associate services
with requesters.
- service-oriented architecture (SOA)
- A conceptual description of the structure of a software system
in terms of its components and the services they provide, without
regard for the underlying implementation of these components, services
and connections between components.
- serving-call session control function (S-CSCF)
- A server that acts as the central node of the signalling plane
in a SIP network to register users and determine routing of messages.
The S-CSCF also performs additional functions like providing routing
services, enforcing policies, and providing billing information.
- servlet
- A Java program that runs on a Web server and extends the server's
functionality by generating dynamic content in response to Web client
requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases to the Web.
- Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
- An Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard protocol for
initiating an interactive user session that involves multimedia elements
such as video, voice, chat, gaming, and virtual reality.
- Short Message Peer-to-Peer Protocol (SMPP)
- A telecommunications industry protocol for exchanging Short Message
Service (SMS) messages between SMS peer entities such as short message
service centers.
- Short Message Service (SMS)
- A service that is used to transmit text to and from a mobile phone.
- Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
- A lightweight, XML-based protocol for exchanging information in
a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP can be used to query
and return information and invoke services across the Internet.
- SIP Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions
(SIMPLE)
- An architecture for the implementation of a traditional buddylist-based
instant messaging and presence application with SIP.
- stateless SIP proxy
- A proxy that receives SIP requests and forwards the request to
a particular SIP container in a cluster, based on SIP dialog affinity,
load balancing, and failover considerations.
T
- target
- (1) The destination for an action or operation. (2) An entry point
into Partner Gateway. It is an instance of a receiver configured for
a particular deployment; each target supports documents sent using
a single transport type and multiple targets can exist for a given
transport type, one for each document format. See also receiver.
- Telecom Web Services Access Gateway
- Provides policy-driven traffic monitoring, message capture, authorization,
and management capabilities. These services are provided at the application
layer, and they are enforced for each Web service request using knowledge
of the requester, target service, and invoked operation.
- WebSphere Telecom Web Services
Server (TWSS)
- WebSphere Telecom Web Services
Server provides
a middleware infrastructure for managing Web service access and an
environment for hosting Web service API implementations, which provides
flexibility for construction of tailored message processing logic
in accordance with service provider network policies.
- Terminal Location
- A component of WebSphere Telecom Web Services
Server that
enables applications to send Web services requesting the Terminal
Location services defined by the Parlay X 2.1 specification, and to
register for Terminal Location Notifications.
- Third Party Call
- A Parlay X Web service that provides the ability to initiate a
call from a network entity between two different users or user agents
- time division multiple access (TDMA)
- A technology for shared-medium (usually radio) networks. It allows
several users to share the same frequency by dividing it into different
time slots. The users transmit in rapid succession, one after the
other, each using their own timeslot. This lets multiple users share
the same transmission medium (for example, radio frequency) while
using only the part of its bandwidth they require. In radio systems,
TDMA is almost always used alongside frequency division multiple access
(FDMA) and frequency division duplex (FDD); the combination is referred
to as FDMA/TDMA/FDD.
U
- Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
- The third generation mobile telecommunications standard, defined
by the ITU, that increases transmission speed to 2 Mbps per mobile
user and establishes a global roaming standard.
- user agent client (UAC)
- In SIP, a client application that initiates the SIP request.
V
- vertical cluster
- A cluster in which the cluster members exist on a single physical
server. Vertical clustering can be an effective way to take full advantage
of a multiprocessor server. See also horizontal cluster.
W
- W-CDMA (wideband code division multiple access)
- A wideband spread-spectrum 3G mobile telecommunication air interface
that uses CDMA. W-CDMA is the technology behind UMTS and is one of
the interfaces used in cellular networks.
- Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
- An XML-based specification for describing networked services as
a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented
or procedure-oriented information.
- WebSphere Integration Developer (WID)
- An integrated development and test environment and can be used
as a visual editor when working with WebSphere Telecom Web Services
Server mediation
primitives to create customized flows.
- WebSphere software for Telecom (WsT)
- An IBM product suite that extends the industry leading WebSphere Application Server platform
to deliver a fully IMS standards-compliant SIP application server,
helping customers develop and deploy IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS) compliant applications.
X
- XCAP server
- An HTTP server that acts as a repository for collections of XML
documents. It manipulates user data such as authorization policy,
resource list, and other XML resources and provides access to these
resources through the HTTP protocol.
- XML Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)
- An IETF specification (RFC 4825) that allows a client to read,
write, and modify application configuration data stored in XML format
on a server.
- XML Document Management (XDM)
- An OMA specification for accessing and manipulating XML documents
that are stored in repositories in a network. Using XDM, an application
can work with individual XML elements and attributes instead of entire
documents. The XDM specification is based on the IETF XML Configuration
Access Protocol (XCAP).
Numerics
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
- A collaboration agreement established in December 1998 through
which ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), ATIS (North America),
and TTA (South Korea) are making a globally applicable third-generation
(3G) mobile phone system specification within the scope of the ITU's
IMT-2000 project. 3GPP specifies the standards for UMTS.
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
- A collaboration agreement established in December 1998 through
which ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), TIA (North America), and TTA
(South Korea) are making a globally applicable third-generation (3G)
mobile phone system specification within the scope of the ITU's IMT-2000
project. 3GPP2 specifies the standards for CDMA2000.