ኬንያ

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  <page>
    <title>ኬንያ</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-30T09:58:34Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="4634" xml:space="preserve">{{የሀገር መረጃ
|ስም = ኬንያ
|ሙሉ_ስም = የኬንያ ሪፐብሊክ &lt;br/&gt; ''Jamhuri ya Kenya'' {{sw}} &lt;br/&gt;(ጃምሁሪ ያ ኬኛ) | &lt;br/&gt; ''Republic of Kenya'' {{en}}| 
|ማኅተም_ሥዕል = Alternate Coat of arms of Kenya.svg
|ባንዲራ_ሥዕል = Flag of Kenya.svg
|ባንዲራ_ስፋት = 
|መዝሙር = «ኤ ሙንጉ ንጉቩ ዬቱ» {{sw}} &lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of Kenya, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]&lt;/center&gt;
|ካርታ_ሥዕል = Kenya in its region (disputed hatched).svg
|ካርታ_መግለጫ_ፅሁፍ = ኬንያ በአረንጓዴ ቀለም
|ዋና_ከተማ = [[ናይሮቢ]]
|ብሔራዊ_ቋንቋ = [[እንግሊዝኛ]] እና [[ስዋሂሊ]]
|የመንግስት_አይነት = የከፊል ፕሬዝዳንታዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|የመሪዎች_ማዕረግ = &lt;br/&gt; [[ፕሬዝዳንት]] &lt;br/&gt; [[ምክትል ፕሬዝዳንት]] &lt;br/&gt; [[ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር]]
|የመሪዎች_ስም = [[ኡሁሩ ኬንያታ]] &lt;br/&gt; [[ዊልየም ሩቶ]] &lt;br/&gt; 
|ታሪካዊ_ቀናት = ታኅሣሥ ፪ ቀን ፲፱፻፶፮ ዓ.ም. (ዲሴምበር 12, 1963 እ.ኤ.አ.) &lt;br/&gt; ታኅሣሥ ፫ ቀን ፲፱፻፶፯ ዓ.ም. (ዲሴምበር 12, 1964 እ.ኤ.አ.)
|ታሪካዊ_ክስተቶች = ነፃነት ከ[[ብሪታንያ]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; ሪፐብሊክ ታወጀ
|የመሬት_ስፋት = 580,367
|የመሬት_ስፋት_ከዓለም = 47
|ውሀ_ከመቶ = 2.3
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ግምት_ዓመት = 2012 እ.ኤ.አ.
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ቆጠራ_ዓመት = ነሐሴ ፳፻፩ ዓ.ም.
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ግምት = 43,013,341
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ቆጠራ = 38,610,097
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ከዓለም = 31
|የገንዘብ_ስም = [[የኬንያ ሺሊንግ]]
|ሰዓት_ክልል = +3
|የስልክ_መግቢያ = +254
|ከፍተኛ_ደረጃ_ከባቢ = .ke
|የግርጌ_ማስታወሻ =
}}
'''የኬንያ ሪፐብሊክ''' በምስራቅ [[አፍሪካ]] የምትገኝ ሀገር ናት። በሰሜን ከ[[ኢትዮጵያ]]፣ በሰሜን-ምስራቅ ከ[[ሶማሊያ]]፣ በደቡብ ከ[[ታንዛኒያ]]፣ በምስራቅ ከ[[ዩጋንዳ]]፣ በስሜን-ምዕራብ ከ[[ደቡብ ሱዳን]]፣ በደቡብ-ምስራቅ ከ[[ሕንድ ውቅያኖስ]] ጋር ድንበር ትጋራለች። 

አውሮፓውያን አካባቢውን ማሰስ የጀመሩት ከ፲፱ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ጀምሮ ሲሆን [[የብሪታንያ መንግሥት]] [[የምሥራቅ አፍሪካ ፕሮቴክቶሬት]]ን በ1895 እ.ኤ.አ. አቋቁሟል። ይህ ፕሮቴክቶሬት በ1920 እ.ኤ.አ. [[የኬንያ ግዛት]] ተብሎ ተሰይሟል። ነፃ የኬንያ ሪፐብሊክ በዲሴምበር 1963 እ.ኤ.አ. ታወጀ።

የኬንያ ስም የመጣው በአፍሪካ በከፍታ ሁለተኛ ከሆነው ከ[[ደብረ ኬንያ]] ተራራ ነው። በዚሁ ተራራ ዙሪያ የሚኖሩት ነገዶች ስሙን «ኪኛ» (በ[[ካምባኛ]])፣ «ኪሪማራ» (በ[[አመሩኛ]])፣ «ኪሬኛ» (በ[[ኤምቡኛ]])፣ «ኪሪኛጋ» (በ[[ኪኩዩ]])፣ ወይም «ኬሪ» (በ[[መዓሳይኛ]]) ይሉታል።  የነዚህ ስሞች ሁሉ ትርጉሞች «ቡራቡሬ» ሲሆኑ ይህም ደግሞ «[[ሰጎን]]» ማለት ነው፤ [[አመዳይ]] ያለበት የተራራው ጫፍ ለተመልካች ቡራቡሬ ወንድ ሰጎንን ያሳስባልና።

በኦገስት 2010 እ.ኤ.አ. በተካሄደ ውሳኔ ሕዝብ (referendum) መሠረት ከብሪታንያ የተወረሰው ሕገ መንግሥት በአዲስ ሕገ መንግሥት ተለውጧል። በአሁኑ ጊዜ ኬንያ በ፵፯ ካውንቲዎች (የአስተዳደር ክፍሎች) ተዋቅራለች። እነዚህ ካውንቲዎች በሕዝብ በተመረጡ ሰዎች የሚስተዳደሩ ሲሆን በናይሮቢ ከሚገኘው ማዕከላዊ መንግሥት በነፃነት ይንቀሳቀሳሉ።

የኬንያ ዋና ከተማ እና ትልቋ ከተማ [[ናይሮቢ]] ናት። የኬንያ ኢኮኖሚ በምሥራቅና መካከለኛው አፍሪቃ በ[[ጂ.ዲ.ፒ.]] (GDP) ትልቁ ነው። [[ግብርና]] በአገሪቱ ትልቅ የሥራ ዘርፍ ሲሆን ከኤክስፖርቶች መካከል [[ሻይ]]፣ [[ቡና]] እና ከቅርብ ጊዜ ጀምሮ [[አበባ]]ዎች ይገኛሉ። እንዲሁም [[ቱሪስም]]ና [[ፔትሮሊየም]] አቢይ ዘርፎች ናቸው።

{{በአፍሪካ ውስጥ የሚገኙ አገሮች}}

[[መደብ:ኬንያ|*]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>372184</id>
      <parentid>372183</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-30T10:05:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nairobi123</username>
        <id>14840</id>
      </contributor>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4629" xml:space="preserve">{{የሀገር መረጃ
|ስም = ኬንያ
|ሙሉ_ስም = የኬንያ ሪፐብሊክ &lt;br/&gt; ''Jamhuri ya Kenya'' {{sw}} &lt;br/&gt;(ጃምሁሪ ያ ኬኛ) | &lt;br/&gt; ''Republic of Kenya'' {{en}}| 
|ማኅተም_ሥዕል = Alternate Coat of arms of Kenya.svg
|ባንዲራ_ሥዕል = Flag of Kenya.svg
|ባንዲራ_ስፋት = 
|መዝሙር = «ኤ ሙንጉ ንጉቩ ዬቱ» {{sw}} &lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of Kenya, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]&lt;/center&gt;
|ካርታ_ሥዕል = Kenya in its region (disputed hatched).svg
|ካርታ_መግለጫ_ፅሁፍ = ኬንያ በአረንጓዴ ቀለም
|ዋና_ከተማ = [[ናይሮቢ]]
|ብሔራዊ_ቋንቋ = [[ስዋሂሊ]] እና [[እንግሊዝኛ]]
|የመንግስት_አይነት = የከፊል ፕሬዝዳንታዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|የመሪዎች_ማዕረግ = &lt;br/&gt; [[ፕሬዝዳንት]] &lt;br/&gt; [[ምክትል ፕሬዝዳንት]] &lt;br/&gt; [[ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር]]
|የመሪዎች_ስም = [[ኡሁሩ ኬንያታ]] &lt;br/&gt; [[ዊልየም ሩቶ]] &lt;br/&gt; 
|ታሪካዊ_ቀናት = ታኅሣሥ ፪ ቀን ፲፱፻፶፮ ዓ.ም. (ዲሴምበር 12, 1963 እ.ኤ.አ.) &lt;br/&gt; ታኅሣሥ ፫ ቀን ፲፱፻፶፯ ዓ.ም. (ዲሴምበር 12, 1964 እ.ኤ.አ.)
|ታሪካዊ_ክስተቶች = ነፃነት ከ[[ብሪታንያ]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; ሪፐብሊክ ታወጀ
|የመሬት_ስፋት = 580,367
|የመሬት_ስፋት_ከዓለም = 47
|ውሀ_ከመቶ = 2.3
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ግምት_ዓመት = 2021 እ.ኤ.አ.
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ቆጠራ_ዓመት = ነሐሴ 2019 ዓ.ም.
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ግምት = 54,985,698
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ቆጠራ = 47,564,296
|የሕዝብ_ብዛት_ከዓለም = 29
|የገንዘብ_ስም = [[የኬንያ ሺሊንግ]]
|ሰዓት_ክልል = +3
|የስልክ_መግቢያ = +254
|ከፍተኛ_ደረጃ_ከባቢ = .ke
|የግርጌ_ማስታወሻ =
}}
'''የኬንያ ሪፐብሊክ''' በምስራቅ [[አፍሪካ]] የምትገኝ ሀገር ናት። በሰሜን ከ[[ኢትዮጵያ]]፣ በሰሜን-ምስራቅ ከ[[ሶማሊያ]]፣ በደቡብ ከ[[ታንዛኒያ]]፣ በምስራቅ ከ[[ዩጋንዳ]]፣ በስሜን-ምዕራብ ከ[[ደቡብ ሱዳን]]፣ በደቡብ-ምስራቅ ከ[[ሕንድ ውቅያኖስ]] ጋር ድንበር ትጋራለች። 

አውሮፓውያን አካባቢውን ማሰስ የጀመሩት ከ፲፱ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ጀምሮ ሲሆን [[የብሪታንያ መንግሥት]] [[የምሥራቅ አፍሪካ ፕሮቴክቶሬት]]ን በ1895 እ.ኤ.አ. አቋቁሟል። ይህ ፕሮቴክቶሬት በ1920 እ.ኤ.አ. [[የኬንያ ግዛት]] ተብሎ ተሰይሟል። ነፃ የኬንያ ሪፐብሊክ በዲሴምበር 1963 እ.ኤ.አ. ታወጀ።

የኬንያ ስም የመጣው በአፍሪካ በከፍታ ሁለተኛ ከሆነው ከ[[ደብረ ኬንያ]] ተራራ ነው። በዚሁ ተራራ ዙሪያ የሚኖሩት ነገዶች ስሙን «ኪኛ» (በ[[ካምባኛ]])፣ «ኪሪማራ» (በ[[አመሩኛ]])፣ «ኪሬኛ» (በ[[ኤምቡኛ]])፣ «ኪሪኛጋ» (በ[[ኪኩዩ]])፣ ወይም «ኬሪ» (በ[[መዓሳይኛ]]) ይሉታል።  የነዚህ ስሞች ሁሉ ትርጉሞች «ቡራቡሬ» ሲሆኑ ይህም ደግሞ «[[ሰጎን]]» ማለት ነው፤ [[አመዳይ]] ያለበት የተራራው ጫፍ ለተመልካች ቡራቡሬ ወንድ ሰጎንን ያሳስባልና።

በኦገስት 2010 እ.ኤ.አ. በተካሄደ ውሳኔ ሕዝብ (referendum) መሠረት ከብሪታንያ የተወረሰው ሕገ መንግሥት በአዲስ ሕገ መንግሥት ተለውጧል። በአሁኑ ጊዜ ኬንያ በ፵፯ ካውንቲዎች (የአስተዳደር ክፍሎች) ተዋቅራለች። እነዚህ ካውንቲዎች በሕዝብ በተመረጡ ሰዎች የሚስተዳደሩ ሲሆን በናይሮቢ ከሚገኘው ማዕከላዊ መንግሥት በነፃነት ይንቀሳቀሳሉ።

የኬንያ ዋና ከተማ እና ትልቋ ከተማ [[ናይሮቢ]] ናት። የኬንያ ኢኮኖሚ በምሥራቅና መካከለኛው አፍሪቃ በ[[ጂ.ዲ.ፒ.]] (GDP) ትልቁ ነው። [[ግብርና]] በአገሪቱ ትልቅ የሥራ ዘርፍ ሲሆን ከኤክስፖርቶች መካከል [[ሻይ]]፣ [[ቡና]] እና ከቅርብ ጊዜ ጀምሮ [[አበባ]]ዎች ይገኛሉ። እንዲሁም [[ቱሪስም]]ና [[ፔትሮሊየም]] አቢይ ዘርፎች ናቸው።

{{በአፍሪካ ውስጥ የሚገኙ አገሮች}}

[[መደብ:ኬንያ|*]]</text>
      <sha1>6vwm6z09dwjbn6epzc9vodgfjcv6jrg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ደሴ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3360</id>
    <revision>
      <id>372182</id>
      <parentid>371091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-30T03:25:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>196.189.147.70</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ሙዚቃ */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12271" xml:space="preserve">{{  የቦታ መረጃ
   | ስም          =ደሴ
   |  ስዕል          =  Dessie Piassa.JPEG
   | ስዕል_መግለጫ  = ፒያሳ ከሰሜን ወደ ደቡብ ያለው እይታ
   | ክፍፍል_ዓይነት = አገር 
   | ክፍፍል_ስም = {{flag|ኢትዮጵያ}}
   | ክፍፍል_ዓይነት2 = ክልል
   | ክፍፍል_ስም2 = [[አማራ ክልል]]
   | ክፍፍል_ዓይነት3 = ዞን
   | ክፍፍል_ስም3 = [[ደቡብ ወሎ ዞን|ደቡብ ወሎ]]
  | ከፍታ     = 2470 ሜትር
  | ሕዝብ_ጠቅላላ    = 170,000 (ግምታዊ)
  | ካርታ_አገር       = ኢትዮጵያ
  | lat_deg       =11
  | lat_min       =8
  | north_south   = N
  | lon_deg       = 39
  | lon_min       = 38
  | east_west     = E
}}
'''ደሴ''' ''' በ[[ወሎ]] ክፍለ ሃገር የሚገኝ ከተማ ሲሆን በአሁኑ ጊዜ የደቡብ ወሎ ዋና ከተማ ነው። የ[[ወይና ደጋ]] አየር ጸባይ ያለው ይህ ከተማ፣ በከተማነት ታዋቂ እየሆነ የመጣው በ[[ዓፄ ዮሐንስ ፬ኛ]] ዘመን እንደሆነ ይጠቀሳል።  የአካባቢው መሬት ከ[[እሳተ ጎሞራ]] ቅሪት የሚመነጭ ስለሆነ፣ በንጥረ ነገር የዳበርና ለምነት ስለሚያሳይ፣ ከተማው በ20ኛው ክፍለዘመን በፍጠነት እንዲያድግና በኋላም በ[[ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ]] እና [[ደርግ]] ዘመን [[ወሎ]] ተብሎ ለተሰየመው ክፍለ ሃገር ዋና ከተማ እንዲሆን ዋና አስተዋጽዖ አድርጓል&lt;ref&gt;''Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha'',  edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;።

== ታሪክ==
እንደ [[አርመን ኢምባሲ]] ታሪካዊ ሰነድ፣ የ[[አርመን]] ክርስቲያኖች በ7ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በአረቦች በተነሳባቸው ወከባ ምክንያት ብዙዎች ተሰደው በአሁኑ ደሴ ከተማ አካባቢ እንደሰፈሩና በኋላ ቅዱስ እስጢፋኖስ የተሰኘውን ገዳም በ[[ሐይቅ]] እንደመሰረቱ ያትታል። በዚህ አካባቢ አርመኖች የመስፋፋትና የመጎልበት ሁኔታ እያሳዩ ስለመጡ አካባቢው [[የአርመን ደሴት]]  እስከመባል እንደደረሰና በኋላ  በ16ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በ[[ግራኝ አህመድ]] ወረራ ምክንያት ካሉበት ተነቅለው በተለያዩ የኢትዮጵያ ክፍሎች እንደተበተኑ ይሄው የኢምባሲ ሰነድ ያትታል&lt;ref&gt;http://egypt.mfa.am/en/community-overview-et/&lt;/ref&gt;።

እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1882ዓ.ም. ነበር ን/ነገስት ዮሃንስ ጦራቸውን በዚሁ አካባቢ ሲያሰፍሩ ከአመት በፊት በአካባቢው የታየችውን [[ባለጭራ ኮከብ]] በማስታወስ  &quot; ይህን ቦታ ደሴ ብየዋለሁ&quot; ብለው ከተማውን እንደቆረቆሩ ይጠቀሳል&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/d/ORTDEM05.pdf |accessdate=2012-05-29 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194643/http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/d/ORTDEM05.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;። የደሴ ከተማ የፖስታ አገልግሎት ያገኘችው እ.ኤ.አ. 1920 ነው። የስልክ አገልግሎትም ቢሆን በቅርቡ ማለትም እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1954 ነው ያገኘችው።
፤የደሴ ከተማ የ መብራት አገልግሎት ያገኘችው እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1963 ነው። ይህን የመብራት አገልግሎት ያገኘችው በጊዜው በመገንባት ላይ በነበረው በናፍጣ የሚሰራ የኤሌክትሪክ ሃይል ነው።

== አጠቃላይ መረጃ ==
ከ[[አዲስ አበባ]] ተነስተን 401 ኪሎ ሜትር ወደ ሰሜን ስንጓዝ ከ[[ኮምቦልቻ]] ቀጥሎ የምናገኘዉ ከተማ የደሴ ከተማ ነው። ደሴ ጥንታዊ ስሙ '''ላኮመልዛ''' የሆነ የሰሜን-መሃል [[ኢትዮጵያ]] ከተማና ወረዳ ነው። ከአዲስ አበባ ወደ [[አስመራ]] መስመር (መንገድ) ላይ በ[[አማራ ክልል]]፤
[[ደቡብ ወሎ ዞን]] ሲገኝ በላቲቱድና ሎንግቱድ {{coor dm |11|8|N|39|38|E}} ላይ ነዉ። 
የብሔራዊ ስታትስቲክ ባለስልጣን በ1998 እንደመዘገበው፤ 
ከኢትዮጵያ ሰፊ ከትሞች አንዱ ሲሆን የ169,104 ሕዝብ መኖሪያ ከተማ ነው። 
ከነሱም መኻከል 86,167 ወንዶች 
82,937 ሴቶች ናቸው ተብሎ ተገምቷል። 

ደሴ አሁን ስራ ቢያቆምም እስከ ቅርብ ጊዜ ድረስ የኮምቦልቻ አውሮፕላን ማረፊያን ከጎረቤቱ ከኮምቦልቻ ከተማ ጋር ይጋራ ነበር።

አዲስ አመት አካባቢ የ[[ጥቅምት]] ወር ሲገባ በጣም ታዋቂ እና ብዙ የተዘፈነለት የጦሳ ተራራ በቢጫ (አደይ) አበባ ተሸፍኖ ማየት ምን ያህል ለበአል ድምቀት የመንፈስ እርካታ እንደሚሰጥ መግለጽ ያዳግታል።

ደሴ ለመስፋፋት ሰፊ እድል ያለዉ አይመስልም ምክንያቱም ዙሪያዉ በ[[ወግዲ]] የተከበበ በመሆኑ እና መሬቱ ዉሃ የሚበዛበት (ረግራጋማ ) ስለሆነ ነው። ከዚህም አንጻር በጣም ብዙ ህዝብ እንደሚኖርበት ይታወቃል።

== ኪነ-ጥበብ ==
የውቦች ከተማ እንደሆነች የሚነገርላት ደሴ ከተማ በ ኪነ-ጥበቡ ረገድ በሃገሪቱ ውስጥ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅዖ ካላቸው ከተሞች አንዷ ናት። በከተማይቱ መሃል ዕምብርት የሚገኙት ወሎ ባህል አምባ እና ምን ትዋብ አዳራሾች ለከተማዋ የኪነ ጥበብ እድገት ከፍተኛውን ድርሻ ይወስዳሉ።
ደሴ የበፊቱ ሙዚየም የተቀየረው የደጃዝማች ዮሴፍ ብሩ መኖሪያ ቤት መቀመጫ ናት።
===ሙዚቃ===
የ አራቱም የሙዚቃ ቅኝቶች መፍለቂያ የሆነችው '''ደሴ''' ከተማ በ ሙዚቃው ዘርፍ በሃገሪቱ ከፍተኛ ድርሻ ካላቸው ከተሞች አንዷ ናት። ለዚህም ተጠቃሽ የሚሆነው ከከተማይቱ የሚዎጡ በርካታ ድምጻዊያንን መጥቀስ ይቻላል። በተጨማረም ከተማይቱን አስመልክቶ የተዘፈኑ ከ መቶ ሃያ በላይ የአማርኛ ዘፎኖች እንዳሉ ይነገራል። አብዛሃኛዎቹ ዘፈኖች በከተማዋ ስለሚገኙ ቆነጃጂቶች የተዜሙ ናቸው።ባህሩ ቃኘው፤ ማሪቱ ለገሰ፤ ዚነት ሙሃባ፤ መስፍን አበበን የመሳሰሉ ዘፋኞች የተገኙት ከደሴ ነው። 
ለኢትዮጵያ የቴአትር ጥበብ እድገት ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ ካደረጉትና በሀገር ውስጥ በቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ዩኒቨርስቲ እና በሁንጋርያ ቡዳፔሽት ሥልጠናቸውን በጥበቡ ቀስመው የምጀመርያ ዲግሪያቸውን አግኝተው በሃገራቸው ትያትር ቤቶች በመሥራት የሕዝብ ፍቅርንና ሙያዊ ልዕልና ከተጎናፀፍትና፣ በዓለም አቀፍ የፊልም ሥራ በመካፈል ቀደምት ሥፍራን የያዙት የጥበብ ሰው ደበበ እሸቱም የዚሁ የወሎ (ደሴ) ተወላጅ ናቸው።
[[ስዕል:File-DessieTosssaView.JPG|300px|thumb|left]]

===መዝናኛ===
በከተማይቱ ውስጥ በ 1996 የተገነባ ግዙፍ የወጣቶች ማእከል ይገኛል። ይህ ማእከል ከፍተኛ አገልግሎት እየሰጠ ቢሆንም በቂ እንዳልሆነ ግን ይታመናል። የ'''ቤተሰብ መምሪያ''' እና የሰርከስ ደሴን ጨምሮ በርካታ መካከለኛ እና አነስተኛ የሙዚቃ ባንዶች ይገኛሉ። ከተገነባ በርካታ አመታትን ያሳለፈውና ተገቢውን እድሳት ያላገኘው የ ደሴ እታዲየም በከተማይቱ እምብርት ይገኛል። ይህ እታዲየም እስከቅርብ ጊዜ ድረስ የ ኮምቦልቻ ጨርቃ ጨርቅ የ እግር ኳስ ክለብ የመጫወቻ መዳ ሁኖ አገልግሏል። በዚህም በርካታ [[የኢትዮጵያ ፕሪሚየር ሊግ]] ጨዋታዎችን የማስተናገድ እድል አግኝቷል። 

==መሰረተ ልማት==
ይህች ከተማ በመሰረተ ልማቱ ረገድ ተረስታ የቆየች ከተማ ናት ማለት ይቻላል። ለዚህም እንደ መንገድ ያሉ መሰረተ ልማቶችን ማንሳት ይቻላል።

=== ትምህርት ===
በቅርቡ ማለትም በ እ.ኤ.አ. 2006 ስራ የጀመረው [[ወሎ ዩኒቨርሲቲ]] እንዲሁም መምህር አካለ ወልድ፣ [[ወይዘሮ ስህን]] እና ሆጤ በመባል የሚጠሩት ሶስት ከፍተኛ ትምህርት ቤቶች በዚሁ ከተማ ይገኛሉ። ብዙ አንደኛ እና ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤቶችም ይገኛሉ።
ከ ቅርብ ጊዜ ወዲህ ከተማይቱ የበርካታ የግል ዩኒቨርስቲዎች እና ኮሌጆች መዳረሻ ሆናለች።

=== ጤና ===
በደሴ ከተማ ውስጥ ሁለት የመንግስት ሆስፒታሎች ማለትም የ[[ደሴ ሪፈራል ሆስፒታል]] እና ቦሩ ሆስፒታል ይግኛሉ።
በግሉ የ ጤና ዘርፍም ሶስት ሆስፒታሎች ማለትም [[ሰላም ጠቅላላ ሆስፒታል]]፣ ባቲ ጠቅላላ ሆስፒታል እና ኢትዮ ጠቅላላ ሆስፒታሎችን ጨምሮ በርካታ የግል ክሊኒኮች አሉ።

[[ስዕል:Dessie Piassa2.JPEG|ደሴ ፒያሳ ከደቡብ ወደ ሰሜን ያለው እይታ|300px|thumb|right]]
===መንገድ===
የ '''ደሴ''' ከተማ ትልቅ ችግር ተደርጎ ሊወሰድ የሚችለው ይህ ዘርፍ ነው። ከተማይቱ ምንም እንኳን በቅርቡ የከተማው ዋና መንገድ እና የውስጥ ለውስጥ መንገድ በመገንባት ላይ ቢሆንም እስከ ቅርብ ጊዜ ድረስ ደረጃውን ያልጠበቀና የተጎዳ ባለ አንድ መስመር አስፋልት መንገድ ብቻን ነበር የነበራት። አሁን የተጀመረውና እስከ ነሃሴ መጨረሻ 2002 አመተ ምህረት ይጠናቀቃል የተባለው መንገድ የከተማይቱን ዋና መንገድ ጨምሮ በተለያዩ የውስጥ ለውስጥ ክፍሎች የተዘረጋ ነው። መንገዱ የሚገነባው በ ሁለት አካላት ነው። አንደኛው የከተማይቱ መዘጋጃ ቤት ነው። ይህ ክፍል የሚያስገነባው ዋናውን የመሃል መስመር ሲሆን ይዘቱ ባለ ሁለት (መንታ) መንገድ ነው። ሁለተኛው አካል የሃገሪቱ የመንገድ ትራንስፖርት የሚያስገነባው ሲሆን የከተማይቱን የ ዳር ክፍሎችና ከ አዋሳኝ ከተሞች ጋር የሚያገናኙ መንገዶች ናቸው።

==የአየር ሁኔታ==
'''ደሴ'' ከተማ በአመዛኙ ቀዝቃዛማ የአየር ጸባይ ያላት ደጋማ ከተማ ናት። በተለይ በክረምት ወራት የሚጥለው ከፍተኛ መጠን ያለው ዝናብ እና ውርጭ የተለመደ ነው። በከፍተኛ ቦታ ላይ መገኘቷ ለዚህ ምክንያት ሊሆን ይችላል። በተራራ የተከበበችው '''ደሴ''' ለበርካታ እንደ [[ገብስ]]፣ [[አጃ]]፣ [[ባቄላ]] እና ሌሎች የ አዝእርት አይነቶች መብቀያ ናት። በዚህም የደሴ ዙሪያ አከባቢ ነዋሪዎች ተጠቃሚ ናቸው።
&lt;gallery&gt;
ስዕል:ደሴ ከተማ (ሙጋድ ሰፈር) .jpg| ደሴ ከተማ - ሙጋድ ሰፈር
ስዕል:T-dessieView.jpg|ከ[[ጦሳ ተራራ]] ያለው እይታ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==ማጣቀሻ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{የኢትዮጵያ ከተሞች}}

[[መደብ:ደሴ]]</text>
      <sha1>8g9ax84kgy2fzj2gwzfnbnabb0eniuj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1999</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10751</id>
    <revision>
      <id>372181</id>
      <parentid>153590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-29T21:38:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2806:1000:8101:A201:94A9:E47C:1F0A:571F</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="260" xml:space="preserve">==መርዶዎች==
* [[ታኅሣሥ 16]] ቀን - [[ጄምስ ብራውን]] - [[አሜሪካ]]ዊ ዘፋኝ
* [[ታኅሣሥ 17]] ቀን - [[ጄራልድ ፎርድ]] - ቀድሞ የአሜሪካ ፕሬሲዳንት

{{መዋቅር}}

[[መደብ:አመታት]]</text>
      <sha1>ocixo1a0dnlx7h8hua565gjvkfrgktd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>የአለም አገራት ዝርዝር</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36525</id>
    <revision>
      <id>372177</id>
      <parentid>371759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-29T15:43:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>1234qwer1234qwer4</username>
        <id>16369</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>አንድ ለውጥ 360169 ከ[[Special:Contributions/197.156.115.210|197.156.115.210]] ([[User talk:197.156.115.210|ውይይት]]) ገለበጠ</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="114703" xml:space="preserve">==የአገራት ዝርዝር==
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background:white; text-align:left; font-size'':95%; border-collapse'':collapse; border'':0 solid #aaa;&quot;
|-
!width=35%|አጭርና ይፋዊ ስያሜዎች
! style=&quot;width:12.5%;&quot;|የ[[ተመድ]] አባል? 
! style=&quot;width:12.5%;&quot;|የልዑላዊነት ክርክር? {{#tag:ref|በዚሁ ዓምድ ውስጥ በአንድ አገር መላው ግዛት ላይ ያለው ክርክር ሲኖር ብቻ ያመልክታል። በአገሩ ከፊል ላይ የሥልጣን ክርክር ሲኖር «ተጨማሪ መረጃ» በሚል ዓምድ ይገኛል።|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;}}
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|ተጨማሪ መረጃ {{#tag:ref|ተጨማሪ መረጃ፦
* የአገሩ ሉአላዊነት በሙሉ ካልተቀበለ በስንት አገሮች እንደ ተቀበለ፣ 
* [[የአውሮፓ ሕብረት]] አባል ከሆነ፣&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; 
* any [[Dependent territory#Summary by country|overseas dependencies]], if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
* [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] (ፌዴራላዊ ሕብረት መንግሥት) ከሆነ፣ 
* በአገሩ ግዛት ውስጥ  [[የራስ-ገዥ ክልሎች ዝርዝር በየአገሩ|የራስ ገዥ ክልሎች]] ካሉ፣
* አንድ ሰው የብዙ አገሮች ርዕሰ መንግሥት የሚሆንበት ሁኔታ ካለ፣
* any major [[List of territorial disputes|territorial disputes]],
* በአንድ አገር ቢያንስ የተቀበለ [[የስደት መንግሥት]] ካለ።|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;}}
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ [[የተመድ አባላት]] ወይም [[የተመድ ተመልካች አገራት]] ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;አብካዚያ → [[#አብካዚያ|አብካዚያ]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;UN member state&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አፍጋኒስታን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አፍጋኒስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአስጋኒስታን እስላማዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አልባኒያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አልባኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአልባኒያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አልጄሪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አልጄሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአልጄሪያ ሕዝባዊ ዴሞክራቲክ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አንዶራ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አንዶራ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአንዶራ ልዑላዊነት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአንዶራ መንግሥት ልዑል ሹመት በ[[ፈረንሳይ]] ፕሬዝዳንትና በ[[ኡርዠል አገረ ስብከት]] ኤጲስ ቆጶስ ([[የሮማ ካቶሊክ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]]) በጋራ ይካፈላል።&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders |title=Andorra country profile |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=8 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አንጎላ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አንጎላ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአንጎላ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አንቲጋ እና ባርቡዳ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አንቲጋ እና ባርቡዳ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አንቲጋ እና ባርቡዳ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛቶች [[የአገራት ኮመንዌልዝ]] አባላት ናቸው። ግዛቶቹ ነጻነት ያላቸውና ራሳቸውን የቻሉ ሲሆኑ የሁላቸው መንግሥት መሪ በይፋ [[ዳግማዊት ንግሥት እልሳቤጥ]] ናቸው።&lt;/ref&gt;በአገሩ ውስጥ [[ባርቡዳ]] ራስ-ገዥ ክልል ነው። &lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስለ ራስ-ገዥ ክልሎች በተጨማሪ ለመረዳት [[የራስ-ገዥ ክልሎች ዝርዝር በየአገሩ]] ይዩ።&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Government of Antigua and Barbuda
 | title = Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act
 | work = Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
 | url = http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf
 | accessdate = 2010-11-10
 | archivedate = 2011-07-06
 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706071022/http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አርጀንቲና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አርጀንቲና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– አርጀንቲን ሪፐብሊክ &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;በአርጀንቲና ሕገ መንግሥት መሠረት (አንቀጽ 35) የሚከተሉት ስያሜዎች በይፋ ይቀበላሉ፦ «አርጀንቲን ሬፐብሊክ»፣ «አርጀንቲን ሕብረት» ወይም «የሪዮ ዴ ላ ፕላታ ተባባሪ ክፍላገራት»፤ ከዚህ በላይ በሕግጋት ውስጥ «አርጀንቲን ብሔር» እንዲባል ተመሠረተ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አርጀንቲንና የ23 ክፍላገሮችና አንድ ራስ-ገዥ ከተማ [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ነው። እንግሊዝ በሚያስተዳድራቸው [[የፋልክላንድ ደሴቶች]] እና [[ደቡብ ጂዮርጅያ እና ደቡብ ሳንድዊች ደሴቶች]] ላይ ባለው ሥልጣን አርጀንቲና ይገባኛል ባይ ነው።&lt;ref name=dis&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |title=Disputes - International |publisher=CIA World Factbook |accessdate=8 November 2011 |archivedate=14 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; አርጀንቲና ደግሞ በ[[አርጀንቲን አንታርክቲካ]] ላይ እንደ ብሔራዊ ግዛት ይገባኛል ይላል። በይፋ የ[[ቲዬራ ዴል ፍዌጎ፣ አንታርክቲካና የደቡብ አትላንቲክ ደሴቶች]] ክፍላገር ክፍል ሲሆን እንግሊዝና ቺሌ ደግሞ ይህን ግዛት በከፊል ይገባኛል ይላሉ።&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;The continent of [[Antarctica]], including its outlying islands south of 60°S, are held in abeyance under the terms of the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]. Under this treaty, territorial claims in this region are neither recognised nor disputed. Claimant countries are Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, with all those save Argentina and Chile mutually recognising each others claims.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Government of the United States, Congress, Office of Technology Assessment|title=Polar prospects: a minerals treaty for Antarctica|page=43|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|year=1989|isbn=978-1-4289-2232-7}} &quot;Mutual recognition of claims has been limited to Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom ... Chile and Argentina do not recognize each other's claims ...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አርሜኒያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አርሜኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአርሜኒያ ሬፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|በ[[ፓኪስታን]] አልተቀበለም።&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf Pakistan Worldview - Report 21 - Visit to Azerbaijan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf |date=20090219074354 }} Senate of Pakistan&amp;nbsp;— Senate foreign relations committee, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html Nilufer Bakhtiyar: &quot;For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country&quot;] 13 September 2006 [14:03] - Today.Az&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አውስትራሊያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አውስትራሊያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአውስትራሊያ ኮመንዌልዝ 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አውስትራሊያ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; ሲሆን የ6 ክፍላገሮችና የ10 ግዛቶች ፌዴራሲዮን ነው። የአውስትራሊያ አፍዓዊ ግዛቶች የሚከተሉ ናቸው፦
* {{noflag|[[አሽሞር እና ካርቲር ደሴቶች]]}}
* {{noflag|[[የአውስትራሊያ አንታርክቲክ ግዛት]]}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* {{flag|ክሪስማስ ደሴት}}
* {{flag|ኮኮስ (ኪሊንግ) ደሴቶች}}
* {{noflag|[[የኮራል ባሕር ደሴቶች ግዛት]]}}
* {{noflag|[[ህርድ ደሴትና ማክዶናልድ ደሴቶች]]}}
* {{flag|ኖርፈክ ደሴት}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኦስትሪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኦስትሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኦስትሪያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል ሲሆን{{#tag:ref|[[የአውሮፓ ሕብረት]] 27 አባላት ሉአላዊነታቸውን በከፊል (በሕግ አማካሪ፣ አስፈጻሚና ችሎታዊ ሥልጣናት ረገድ) ለሕብረቱ አዛውረዋል። &lt;ref&gt;[http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/index_en.htm Europa], retrieved 28 February 2011&lt;/ref&gt;|name=EU|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;}} ኦስትሪያ የ9 ክፍላገሮች (ቡንደስላንደር) [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ነው።
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;አዛዋድ → [[#አዛዋድ|አዛዋድ]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አዘርባይጃን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አዘርባይጃን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአዘርባይጃን ሬፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አዘርባይጃን 2 ራስ-ገዥ አውራጃዎች አሉት፦ [[ናቅቺቫን]] እና [[ናጎርኖ-ካራባቅ]] (''Dağlıq Qarabağ'') ናቸው።&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; በናጎርኖ-ካራባቅ [[#ናጎርኖ-ካራባቅ|ተግባራዊ ነፃ መንግሥት]] ተመሠርቷል።
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባሃማስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባሃማስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የባሃማስ ኮመንዌልዝ 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ባሃማስ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባሕሬን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባሕሬን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የባሕሬን ንጉዛት 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባንግላዴሽ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባንግላዴሽ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የባንግላዴሽ ሕዝባዊ ሬፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባርቤዶስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባርቤዶስ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ባርቤዶስ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤላሩስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤላሩስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቤላሩስ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤልጅግ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤልጅግ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቤልጅግ ንጉዛት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል ሲሆን&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; ቤልጅግ ኅብረተሠቦቹና ክልሎቹ በየቋንቋ መሠረት የሚለያይበት ፌዴራሲዮን ነው።
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤሊዝ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤሊዝ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ቤሊዝ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤኒን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤኒን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቤኒን ሪፐብሊክ &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስያሜው እስከ 1967 ዓ.ም. ድረስ በይፋ [[ዳሆሜ]] ተባለ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡታን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቡታን ንጉዛት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቦሊቪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቦሊቪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– ብዙ ብሔር ያለው ሀገረ ቦሊቪያ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና የሁለት አባላት ፌዴራሲዮን ነው፤ እነርሱም [[የቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና ፌዴራሲዮን]] እና [[ሬፑብሊካ ስርፕስካ]] ናቸው።&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስለ ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና አከፋፈል ለመረዳት፣ [[የደይተን ስምምነት]] እና [http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 አጠቃላይ መዋቅር ስምምነት ለሰላም በቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 |date=20150604163946 }} (14 ዲሴምበር 1995 እ.ኤ.አ.) ጽሑፍ ይዩ።. Office of the High Representative. {{en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቦትስዋና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቦትስዋና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቦትስዋና ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ብራዚል&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ብራዚል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የብራዚል ፌዴራስያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ብራዚል የ26 ክፍላገራትና የ1 ፌዴራላዊ ወረዳ [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ነው።
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ብሩነይ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ብሩነይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– ሀገረ ብሩነይ፣ የሰላም ማደሪያ 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ብሩነይ በ[[ስፕራትሊ ደሴቶች]] ላይ በከፊል ይገባኛል ይላል።&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;የ[[ስፕራትሊ ደሴቶች]] ግዛት በ[[ቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ]]፣ [[የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ]]፣ [[ቬትናም]]፣ በከፊሉም በብሩነይ፣ [[#ማሌዢያ|ማሌዢያ]]፣ እና [[#ፊሊፒንስ|ፊሊፒንስ]] የተከረከረ ነው። ከብሩነይ በስተቀር፣ እያንዳንዱ የዴሴቶቹን ከፊል ይዟል።&lt;/ref&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡልጋሪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡልጋሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቡልጋሪያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡርኪና ፋሶ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡርኪና ፋሶ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ወይም ቡርኪና፣ ቀድሞ እስከ 1976 ዓ.ም. ድረስ ስሙ በይፋ «ላይኛ ቮልታ» ነበረ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;በርማ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|በርማ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የምያንማር ህብረት ሪፐብሊክ&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;በ1981 ዓ.ም. በርማ ስሙን በይፋ ወደ «ምያንማር» ቀየረ። በ2003 ዓ.ም.፣ ከ«የምያንማር ኅብረት» ወደ «የምያንማር ኅብረት ሪፐብሊክ» ተቀየረ።&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE69K2HM20101021|publisher=Reuters|date=21 October 2010|accessdate=22 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡሩንዲ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡሩንዲ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቡሩንዲ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ካምቦዲያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካምቦዲያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የካምቦዲያ ንጉዛት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ካሜሩን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካሜሩን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የካሜሩን ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ካናዳ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካናዳ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;አሁን የአገሩ ሕጋዊ ስም «ካናዳ» ብቻ ነው፤ «የካናዳ ግዛት» አሁን አይጠቀምም።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ካናዳ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; ሲሆን የ10 ክፍላገራትና 3 ግዛቶች ፌዴራሲዮን ነው።
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኬፕ ቨርድ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኬፕ ቨርድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኬፕ ቨርድ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፐብሊክ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፐብሊክ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቻድ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቻድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቻድ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቺሌ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቺሌ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቺሌ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}[[ፋሲካ ደሴት]] እና [[ዋን ፌርናንዴዝ ደሴቶች]] በ[[ቫልፓራይሶ አውራጃ]] ውስጥ የቺሌ «ልዩ ግዛቶች» ናቸው። ቺሌ በ[[አንታርክቲካ]] ከፊል ላይ እንደ [[ማጋያኔስ እና አንታርክቲካ ቺሌና አውራጃ]] ክፍል ይግባኝ ይላል። እንግሊዝና አርጀንቲና ደግሞ በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ ይግባኝ ባዮች ናቸው።&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቻይና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቻይና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ&lt;ref name=&quot;ChinaTaiwan&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;[[የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ]] በተለመደ «ቻይና» ሲባል [[የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ]] በተለመደ «ታይዋን» ይባላል። አንዳንዴ የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ ደግሞ «[[ቻይናዊ ታይፔ]]» ተብሎ በይፋ ይታወቃል።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ}}
{{extent}}የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ አምስት ራስ-ገዥ አውራጃቆች አሉት፤ [[ጓንግሢ]]፣ [[ውስጣዊ ሞንጎሊያ]]፣ [[ኒንግሥያ]]፣ [[ሢንጅያንግ]] እና [[ቲቤት ራስ-ገዥ አውራጃ|ቲቤት]] ናቸው።&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; በተጨማሪ፣ በሚከተሉት [[የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ልዩ አስተዳደራዊ አውራጃ|ልዩ አስተዳደራዊ አውራጃዎች]] ላይ ሥልጣን አለው፦
* {{flag|ሆንግ ኮንግ}}
* {{flag|ማካው}}
ደግሞ በሚከተሉት ግዛቶች ላይ ይግባኝ ይላል፦ 
* [[ታይዋን]] እና የተዛመዱት ደሴቶች [[ኰሞይ]]፣ [[ማጹ ደሴቶች|ማጹ]]፣ [[ፕራታስ ደሴቶች|ፕራታስ]] እና [[ኢቱ አባ ደሴት|ኢቱ አባ]] በቻይና ሪፐብሊክ ይገዛሉ፤ የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ ደግሞ በመላው ቻይና ላይ ይግባኝ ይላል፤&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* [[ፓራሴል ደሴቶች]] (የተከራከረ)&lt;ref name=Paracel group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;[[ቬትናም]]ና [[የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ]] ደግሞ በፓራሴል ደሴቶች ላይ ይግባኝ ባዮች ናቸው።&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ስፕራትሊ ደሴቶች]] (የተከራከረ)&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* [[ደቡብ ቲቤት]] (በ[[#ሕንድ|ሕንድ]] እንደ [[አሩናቻል ፕራዴሽ]] ክፍል የተገዛ)።
[[አክሳይ ቺን]] በቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ የተገዛ ሲሆን ሕንድ እንደ [[ጃሙና ካሽሚር]] ክፍል ይግባኝ ይላል።&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
22 የተ.መ.ድ. አባላት እና [[ቫቲካን]] የቻይናን ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ አይቀብሉምና በፈንታው የቻይናን ሪፐብሊክ (ታይዋንን) ይቀብላሉ።&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ደግሞ [[ከቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ጋራ ዲፕሎማቲካዊ ግንኙነት የተመሠረተባቸው ወቅቶች ዝርዝር]] እና [[የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ውጭ አገር ግንኙነት]]።&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮሎምቢያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮሎምቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኮሎምቢያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮሞሮስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮሞሮስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;–የኮሞሮስ ኅብረት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ኮሞሮስ የ3 ደሴቶች ፌዴራሲዮን ሲሆን በፈረንሳይ በተገዛ ደሴት [[ማዮት]] ላይ 4ኛው ሆኖ ይግባኝ ይላል።&lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስለ ፌዴራላዊ መንግሥታት ለመረዳት፣ [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ይዩ።&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;የኮሞሮስ ሕገ መንግሥት፣ አንቀጽ 1።&lt;/ref&gt; ኮሞሮስና ማዳጋስካር ደግሞ በፈረንሳይ በተገዛው [[ባንክ ዱ ዠይሲር]] ላይ ይግባኝ ይላሉ።&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮንጎ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮንጎ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}}''' (ኮንጎ-ኪንሻሳ) &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ደግሞ ኮንጎ-ኪንሻሳ ይባላል። ከ1963 እስከ 1989 ዓ.ም. ድረስ፣ ስሙ በይፋ [[ዛዪር]] ነበረ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮንጎ ሪፐብሊክ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮንጎ ሪፐብሊክ}}''' (ኮንጎ-ብራዛቪል)
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮስታ ሪካ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮስታ ሪካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኮስታ ሪካ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮት ዲቯር&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮት ዲቯር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኮት ዲቯር ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ክሮኤሽያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ክሮኤሽያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የክሮኤሽያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኩባ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኩባ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኩባ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቆጵሮስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቆጵሮስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቆጵሮስ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|በ[[#ቱርክ|ቱርክ]] ወይም በ[[#ስሜን ቆጵሮስ|]] አልተቀበለም።
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]. See [[Foreign relations of Cyprus]] and [[Cyprus dispute]]. [[Turkey]] refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as &quot;The Greek Cypriot Administration of South Cyprus&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;See[http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=255&amp;l=2 Republic of Turkey Ministry for European Union Affairs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=255&amp;l=2 |date=20150926163208 }} Retrieved June 12, 2012''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Czech Republic&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቼክ ሪፐብሊክ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;A simpler official short-form name has been encouraged by the Czech government: the English variant '''Czechia''' remains uncommon, but variants in Czech (''Česko'') and some other languages are more popular. See [[Name of the Czech Republic]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Denmark&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዴንማርክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Denmark
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
The [[Danish Realm]] also includes two self-governing territories:
* {{flag|ፋሮ ደሴቶች}} ''(Føroyar/Færøerne)''
* {{flag|ግሪንላንድ}} ''(Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland)''
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Djibouti&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጅቡቲ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Djibouti
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Dominica&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዶመኒካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Commonwealth of Dominica
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Dominican Republic&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዶሚኒካን ሪፐብሊክ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;East Timor&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ምሥራቅ ቲሞር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;The government of East Timor uses &quot;Timor-Leste&quot; as the English translation.&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ecuador&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤኳዶር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Ecuador
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Egypt&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ግብፅ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የግብፅ ዓረብ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;El Salvador&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤል ሳልቫዶር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኤል ሳልቫዶር ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Equatorial Guinea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢኳቶሪያል ጊኔ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Equatorial Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Eritrea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤርትራ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኤርትራ አገር
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Estonia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤስቶኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኤስቶኒያ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ethiopia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢትዮጵያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Ethiopia is a [[federation]] of [[Regions of Ethiopia|9 regions and 2 chartered cities]].
&lt;!--The European Union is not a sovereign state and should not be included--&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Fiji&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፊጂ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የፊጂ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, [[Rotuma]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | title = Laws of Fiji
 | place = Suva, Fiji
 | publisher = Government of Fiji
 | year = 1927
 | volume = 
 | edition = 1978
 | chapter = Rotuma Act
 | chapterurl = http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-10
 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html |date=20050419112327 }}{{dead link|date=May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister
 | title = Chapter 122: Rotuma Act
 | work = Laws of Fiji
 | publisher = University of the South Pacific
 | year = 1978
 | url = http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/
 | accessdate = 2010-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Finland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፊንላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የፊንላንድ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
* {{flag|ኦላንድ ደሴቶች}} is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;[[Åland Islands|Åland]] was demilitarised by the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1856, which was later affirmed by the [[League of Nations]] in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;France&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፈረንሣይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– French Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; French overseas regions/departments ([[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]] and [[Réunion]]) are full, integral parts of France.

The French Republic also includes the overseas territories of:
* {{noflag|[[Clipperton Island]]}}
* {{flag|የፈረንሳይ ፖሊኔዥያ}}
* {{flag|ኑቨል ካሌዶኒ}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint-Barthélemy]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Martin]]}}
* {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}}
* {{noflag|[[Wallis and Futuna]]}}
* {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} (includes the Antarctic claim of [[Adélie Land]]).&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
[[Clipperton Island]] is a possession of the government. French sovereignty over [[Banc du Geyser]], [[Bassas da India]], [[Europa Island]], [[Glorioso Islands]], [[Juan de Nova Island]], Mayotte, and [[Tromelin Island]] is disputed in part by [[#Madagascar|Madagascar]], [[#Mauritius|Mauritius]], [[#Seychelles|Seychelles]] and the [[#Comoros|Comoros]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Gabon&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጋቦን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Gabonese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Gambia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Gambia&lt;/span&gt; '''{{flag|ጋምቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of The Gambia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጂዮርጂያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Georgia contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Adjara]] and [[Abkhazia]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; In [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]], de facto states have been formed.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Germany&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጀርመን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Republic of Germany
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Germany is a [[federation]] of [[States of Germany|16 federated states]] (Länder).
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ghana&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጋና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Ghana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Greece&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ግሪክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Hellenic Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; [[Mount Athos]] is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational &quot;Holy Community&quot; on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Grenada&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ግሬናዳ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Grenada is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guatemala&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጓተማላ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guatemala
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guinea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጊኔ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guinea-Bissau&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጊኔ-ቢሳው}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guinea-Bissau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guyana&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጋያና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Co-operative Republic of Guyana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}All land west of the [[Essequibo River]] is claimed by [[#Venezuela|Venezuela]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Haiti&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሃይቲ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Haiti
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Honduras&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሆንዱራስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Honduras
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Hungary&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሀንጋሪ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Iceland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አይስላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Iceland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;India&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ህንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of India
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}India is a [[federation]] of [[States and territories of India|28 states and 7 union territories]]. Indian sovereignty over [[Arunachal Pradesh]] is disputed by the [[#China|People's Republic of China]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt; India claims sovereignty over the whole of [[Kashmir]], but administers only part of it as the federated state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]].&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;Sovereignty over [[Kashmir]] is disputed between [[#India|India]] and [[#Pakistan|Pakistan]]; smaller parts are disputed by the [[#China|People's Republic of China]] and the [[#Taiwan|Republic of China]]. Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the [[List of territorial disputes]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Indonesia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢንዶኔዥያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Indonesia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Indonesia has 3 provinces with official special autonomy status: [[Aceh|Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], and [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Iran&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢራን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Iran
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Iraq&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢራቅ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Iraq
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Iraq is a [[federation]]&lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Source: [http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf Iraqi constitution]&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Governorates of Iraq|18 governorates]], 3 of which make up the autonomous [[Iraqi Kurdistan]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ireland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አየርላንድ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;The Irish state is often referred to as the ''Republic of Ireland'' (its official ''description'' but not its ''name''). Sometimes this is done to distinguish the state from the [[Ireland|island of Ireland]] as a whole. However, sometimes it is done for [[Names of the Irish state|political reasons and is contentious]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
The Constitution of Ireland [[Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|asserts]] the aspiration towards creating a [[United Ireland]] by peaceful means.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.constitution.ie/reports/ConstitutionofIreland.pdf |title=Constitution of Ireland – Burnreacht na hÉireann |publisher=Government of Ireland |accessdate=8 November 2011 |quote=Article 3: It is the firm will of the Irish Nation...to unite all the people who share the territory of the island of Ireland...recognising that a united Ireland shall be brought about only by peaceful means |archivedate=13 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013114259/http://www.constitution.ie/reports/ConstitutionofIreland.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Israel&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|እስራኤል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Israel
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|Not recognized by 33 states
{{extent}}[[Israel]] annexed [[East Jerusalem]], and occupies the [[Golan Heights]]&lt;ref name=&quot;golanocc&quot;&gt;Occupied territory:
* &quot;Israeli-occupied Golan Heights&quot; (Central Intelligence Agency. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&amp;pg=PA339&amp;dq=%22OCCUPIED+GOLAN%22&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=T2BVTJuyLsH48AbYwM3kBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4&amp;ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&amp;q=%22OCCUPIED%20GOLAN%22&amp;f=false CIA World Factbook 2010], Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN 1-60239-727-9.)
* &quot;...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal...&quot; (&quot;[http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations]&quot;, Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * &quot;Occupied Golan Heights&quot; ([http://archive.is/20120801065012/www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories], UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * &quot;In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory.&quot; ([http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/israel-golan-311207?OpenDocument&amp;style=custo_print ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007], International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.) * &quot;...occupied Syrian Golan Heights...&quot; ([http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/peace02.htm The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002], ''www.al-bab.com''. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the &quot;occupied Syrian Golan&quot; that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ([http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/ga10794.doc.htm General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees], United Nations, December 5, 2008.)&lt;/ref&gt; and parts of the [[West Bank]]. These areas are not internationally-recognised as being part of Israel.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt; Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the [[Gaza Strip]], following its [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement]], but is still considered the occupying power under international law.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Gold
 | first = Dore
 | coauthors = Institute for Contemporary Affairs
 | title = Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still &quot;Occupied&quot; Even After Israel Withdraws
 | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3
 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
 | date = 26 August 2005
 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Bell
 | first = Abraham
 | title = International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense
 | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29
 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
 | date = 28 January 2008
 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release
 | title = Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference
 | publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel
 | date = 22 January 2008
 | url = http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Salih
 | first = Zak M.
 | title = Panelists Disagree Over Gaza’s Occupation Status
 | publisher = University of Virginia School of Law
 | date = 17 November 2005
 | url = http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archivedate = 2016-03-03
 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | title = Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation
 | publisher = Human Rights Watch
 | date = 29 October 2004
 | url = http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Israel is not recognised as a state by [[International recognition of Israel|32]] UN members (including most Arab states) and by the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|SADR]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Italy&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢጣልያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Italian Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Italy has 5 autonomous regions, [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] and [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Jamaica&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጃማይካ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Jamaica is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Japan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጃፓን}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Japan [[Kuril Islands dispute|disputes]] [[#Russia|Russian]] administration of the South [[Kuril Islands]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Jordan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጆርዳን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kazakhstan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካዛክስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kazakhstan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kenya&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኬንያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kenya
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኪሪባስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኪሪባስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኪሪባስ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Korea North&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰሜን ኮርያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SKOREA}}
{{extent}}North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: [[#Japan|Japan]] and South Korea.&lt;ref name=&quot;koreas&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]]. See also [[Foreign relations of North Korea]] and [[Foreign relations of South Korea]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | url = http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html
 | title = Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea
 | accessdate = 2008-10-27
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Korea South&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ ኮርያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|NKOREA}}
{{extent}}South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, [[Jeju-do]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Keun Min|title=Greetings|publisher=Jeju Special Self-Governing Province|url=http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|accessdate = 2010-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.&lt;ref name=&quot;koreas&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Kosovo → [[#Kosovo|Kosovo]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kuwait&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኩዌት}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Kuwait
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኪርጊዝስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kyrgyz Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Laos&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ላውስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Lao People's Democratic Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Latvia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ላትቪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Latvia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Lebanon&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊባኖስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Lebanese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Lesotho&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሌሶቶ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Lesotho
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Liberia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ላይቤሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Liberia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Libya&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊቢያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|former government]] of [[Muammar Gaddafi]], which claims to be the sole legitimate representative of the Libyan people, still has some international recognition (see [[Foreign relations of the National Transitional Council]] and [[Foreign relations of Libya under Gaddafi]]).
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊክተንስታይን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Principality of Liechtenstein
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Lithuania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊትዌኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Lithuania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Luxembourg&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሉክሰምበርግ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Macedonia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|መቄዶንያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Macedonia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Because of the [[Macedonia naming dispute]], the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as &quot;the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia&quot;.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Madagascar&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማዳጋስካር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Madagascar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Madagascar claims the French territories of [[Banc du Geyser]], [[Juan de Nova Island]], and the [[Glorioso Islands]].&lt;ref name=dis/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Malawi&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማላዊ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Malawi
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Malaysia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማሌዢያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Malaysia is a [[federation]] of [[States of Malaysia|13 states and 3 federal territories]]. Malaysia claims part of the [[Spratly Islands]].&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Maldives&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማልዲቭስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Maldives
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mali&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማሊ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mali
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Mali claims [[#Azawad|Azawad]], an unrecognised state, as part of its sovereign territory.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Malta&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማልታ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Malta
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማርሻል ደሴቶች}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Marshall Islands
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mauritania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞሪታኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mauritius&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞሪሸስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mauritius
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Mauritius has an autonomous island, [[Rodrigues]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Mauritius claims the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] and the French island of [[Tromelin Island|Tromelin]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mexico&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሜክሲኮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Mexican States
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Mexico is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of Mexico|31 states and 1 federal district]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Micronesia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የማይክሮኔዥያ ተባባሪ ክፍላገሮች}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]]. The Federated States of Micronesia is a [[federation]] of 4 states.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Moldova&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞልዶቫ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Moldova
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Moldova has the autonomous regions of [[Gagauzia]] and [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]], the latter of which has established a de facto state.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Monaco&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞናኮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Principality of Monaco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mongolia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞንጎልያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Montenegro&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞንቴኔግሮ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Morocco&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞሮኮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Morocco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Morocco claims sovereignty over [[Western Sahara]] and controls most of it, which is disputed by the [[#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. Morocco disputes [[#Spain|Spanish]] sovereignty over [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]] and the &quot;[[Plazas de soberanía]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mozambique&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞዛምቢክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mozambique
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Myanmar → [[#Burma|Burma]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Nagorno-Karabakh → [[#Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Namibia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ናሚቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Namibia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nauru&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ናውሩ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Nauru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nepal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኔፓል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Nepal is a [[federation]] composed of [[Zones of Nepal|14 zones]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Netherlands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flagcountry|የኔዘርላንድ ነገሥት መንግሥተ}}'''&lt;!--Link to state instead of country--&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of the Netherlands &lt;!-- Note that the Netherlands is not the sovereign state, the Kingdom is—see [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#The distinction between the Netherlands and &quot;the Kingdom&quot;]]. --&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries:
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|አሩባ}}
* {{flag|ኩረሳው}}
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}}
The monarch and her ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of the country the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the [[Netherlands Antilles]] in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries, which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands ([[Bonaire]], [[Saba]], [[Sint Eustatius]]) became [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]] of the Netherlands.

The designation &quot;Netherlands&quot; can refer to either one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g., in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;New Zealand&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒው ዚላንድ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}New Zealand is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and has responsibilities for (but has no sovereignty over) two freely [[associated state]]s:
* {{flag|ኩክ ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ኒዌ}}
The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 31 and 6 UN members respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Federal Foreign Office of Germany
 | title = Beziehungen zu Deutschland
 | publisher = Government of Germany
 | date = November 2009
 | url = http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}} For more information, see [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = China Internet Information Centre
 | title = Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue
 | publisher = Xinhua News Agency
 | date = 13 December 2007
 | url = http://www.china.org.cn/english/international/235447.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations
 | title = Foreign Affairs
 | publisher = United Nations
 | url = http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;&gt;http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; and are members of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]].

New Zealand has the dependent territories of:
* {{noflag|[[Ross Dependency]]}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* {{flag|Tokelau}}
The Tokelauan government claims sovereignty over [[Swains Island]], part of [[American Samoa]], a territory of the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Radio New Zealand International
 | title = American Samoa governor ready to resist Tokelau’s claim to Swains Island
 | publisher = Radio New Zealand Ltd
 | date = 26 March 2007
 | url = http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&amp;id=31024
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; New Zealand does not recognize the Tokelauan claim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Government of New Zealand
 | coauthors = Government of Tokelau
 | title = Draft Constitution of Tokelau&amp;nbsp;– English
 | publisher = New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs &amp; Trade
 | date = 8 October 2007
 | url = http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Pacific/Tokelau/Tokelau-Constitution-(English).php
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archivedate = 2010-05-22
 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100522103909/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Pacific/Tokelau/Tokelau-Constitution-(English).php
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nicaragua&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒካራጓ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Nicaragua
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Claims the San Andrés archipelago, currently part of Colombian territorial waters
{{extent}}Nicaragua contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur|Atlántico Sur]] and [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte|Atlántico Norte]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Niger&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒጄር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Niger
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nigeria&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ናይጄሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Republic of Nigeria
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Nigeria is a [[federation]] of [[States of Nigeria|36 states and 1 federal territory]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Niue → [[#Niue|Niue]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Northern Cyprus → [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Norway&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኖርዌይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Norway
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}[[Svalbard]] is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the [[Svalbard Treaty]].
[[Bouvet Island]] is a dependent territory of Norway. Norway also claims [[Peter I Island]] and [[Queen Maud Land]] as dependent territories of Norway.&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Oman&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኦማን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Sultanate of Oman
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Pakistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓኪስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Pakistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Pakistan is a [[federation]] of [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|4 provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions]]. Pakistan disputes [[#India|Indian]] sovereignty over [[Kashmir]]. It exercises control over [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir|some areas]], but does not explicitly claim any part of it,&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
 | author = Aslam, Tasnim
 | title = 'Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...'
 | url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374
 | newspaper = Outlook India
 | publisher = The Outlook Group
 | date = 11 December 2006
 | accessdate = }}&lt;/ref&gt; instead regarding it as a disputed territory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last = Williams
 | first = Kristen P.
 | title = Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace
 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
 | year = 2001
 | pages = 154–155
 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=OYmurpH3ahsC
 | isbn = 978-0-275-96934-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last = Pruthi
 | first = R.K.
 | title = An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century
 | publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
 | year = 2001
 | pages = 120–121
 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC
 | isbn = 978-81-261-1091-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; The portions that it controls are divided into two polities, administered separately from Pakistan proper:&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* {{flag|Azad Kashmir}}
* {{noflag|[[Gilgit–Baltistan]]}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Palau&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓላው}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Palau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]].
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Palestine → [[#Palestine|Palestine]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Panama&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓናማ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Panama
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓፑዋ ኒው ጊኒ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Independent State of Papua New Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Papua New Guinea is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; with 1 autonomous region, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Paraguay&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓራጓይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Paraguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Peru&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፔሩ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Peru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Philippines&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፊሊፒንስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Philippines
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The Philippines contains two autonomous regions, the [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]]&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1987/eo_220_1987.html | title = EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 220 July 15, 1987 | accessdate = 2011-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Philippines administers [[Scarborough Shoal]] and some of the [[Spratly Islands]],&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and claims sovereignty over the [[Macclesfield Bank]] and [[Sabah]], which is part of [[#Malaysia|Malaysia]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Poland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፖላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Poland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፖርቱጋል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Portuguese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Portugal contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Portugal does not recognize [[#Spain|Spanish]] sovereignty over [[Olivenza]] and [[Táliga]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
| valign=top|Pridnestrovie → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Qatar&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኳታር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Qatar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Romania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሮማንያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Russia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሩሲያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Russian Federation
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Russia is officially a [[federation]] of 83&amp;nbsp;[[federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Sovereignty over the South [[Kuril Islands]] [[Kuril Islands dispute|is disputed]] by [[#Japan|Japan]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Rwanda&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሩዋንዳ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Rwanda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;የሳህራ አረብ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሬፑብሊክ → [[#SADR|የሳህራ አረብ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሬፑብሊክ]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰይንት ኪትስና ኒቨስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Saint Kitts and Nevis is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and is a [[federation]] &lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; of [[Parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis|14 parishes]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰይንት ሉሻ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Saint Lucia is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰይንት ቪንሰንትና ዘ ግረነዲንዝ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Samoa&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳሞዓ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Independent State of Samoa
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;San Marino&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳን ማሪኖ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of San Marino
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳን ቶሜ እና ፕሪንሲፔ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, [[Príncipe]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳዑዲ አረቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
&lt;!--Sealand is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt;
&lt;!--Scotland is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Senegal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሴኔጋል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Senegal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Serbia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰርቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Serbia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Serbia contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Vojvodina]] and [[Kosovo and Metohija]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Most of the latter is under the de facto control of the [[#Kosovo|Republic of Kosovo]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Seychelles&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሲሸልስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Seychelles
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Seychelles claims the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሴየራ ሌዎን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Sierra Leone
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Singapore&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሲንጋፖር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Singapore
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Slovakia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስሎቫኪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Slovak Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Slovenia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስሎቬኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Slovenia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰለሞን ደሴቶች}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The Solomon Islands is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Somalia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሶማሊያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Somali Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Somalia is presently divided with its [[Transitional Federal Government|official government]] (TFG) controlling only part of the country. [[Puntland]] and [[Galmudug]] have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim that the TFG does not recognise),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last = Weller | first = Marc | coauthors = Nobbs, Katherine | title = Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts | publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press | year = 2010 | location = Philadelphia, United States | page = | url = http://books.google.com/?id=ru-DIWuuObEC | isbn = 978-0-8122-4230-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Request quotation|date=March 2011}} while [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]] has formed an unrecognised de facto state.
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Somaliland → [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;South Africa&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ አፍሪካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Africa
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|South Korea → [[#Korea South|Korea, Republic of]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;South Ossetia → [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;South Sudan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ ሱዳን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}South Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of South Sudan|10 states]]. Disputes [[Abyei]] with the [[#Sudan|Republic of the Sudan]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Spain&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|እስፓንያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Spain
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Spain is divided into [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities and cities]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Sovereignty over [[Ceuta]], [[Isla de Alborán]], [[Perejil Island|Isla Perejil]], [[Islas Chafarinas]], [[Melilla]] and [[Peñón de Alhucemas]] is disputed by [[#Morocco|Morocco]]. Sovereignty over [[Olivenza]] and [[Táliga]] is disputed by [[#Portugal|Portugal]]. Spain [[Disputed status of Gibraltar|calls for sovereignty]] over Gibraltar.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስሪ ላንካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Formerly known as [[Ceylon]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sudan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሱዳን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of Sudan|17 states]]. Disputes [[Abyei]] and [[Kafia Kingi]] with [[#South Sudan|South Sudan]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Suriname&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሱሪናም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Suriname
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Swaziland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስዋዚላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Swaziland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sweden&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስዊድን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Sweden
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Switzerland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስዊዘርላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Swiss Confederation
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Switzerland is a [[federation]] of [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Syria&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሶርያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Syrian Arab Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}[[#Israel|Israel]] occupies the [[Golan Heights]].&lt;ref name=&quot;golanocc&quot;/&gt;
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Taiwan (Republic of China) → [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tajikistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ታጂኪስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Tajikistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tanzania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ታንዛኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Republic of Tanzania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, [[Zanzibar]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Thailand&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ታይላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Thailand
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Timor-Leste → [[#East Timor|East Timor]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Togo&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቶጎ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Togolese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tonga&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቶንጋ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Tonga
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Transnistria → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ትሪኒዳድና ቶቤጎ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, [[Tobago]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tunisia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱኒዚያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Tunisia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Turkey&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱርክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Turkey
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱርክምኒስታን}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tuvalu&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱቫሉ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Tuvalu is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Uganda&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዩጋንዳ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Uganda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ukraine&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዩክሬን}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Ukraine contains 1 autonomous region, [[Crimea]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የተባበሩት የዓረብ ግዛቶች}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The United Arab Emirates is a [[federation]] of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|7 emirates]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;United Kingdom&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; The United Kingdom is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; consisting of [[Countries of the United Kingdom|four countries]]: [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]]. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:
* {{noflag|[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}}
* {{flag|አንጒላ}}
* {{flag|ቤርሙዳ}}
* {{flag|የብሪታንያ ሕንድ ውቅያኖስ ግዛት}} (disputed by [[#Mauritius|Mauritius]] and [[#Seychelles|Seychelles]])&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
* {{flag|ብሪቲሽ ቭርጂን ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ከይመን ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ፋልክላንድ ደሴቶች}} (disputed by [[#Argentina|Argentina]])&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
* {{flag|ጅብራልታር}} ([[Disputed status of Gibraltar|status disputed]] by [[#Spain|Spain]])
* {{flag|ሞንትሠራት}}
* {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}
* {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}
* {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* {{flag|British Antarctic Territory}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; (disputed by Argentina and [[#Chile|Chile]])
The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:
* {{flag|Guernsey}}, with three dependencies:
** {{flag|Alderney}}
** {{flag|Herm}}
** {{flag|Sark}}
* {{flag|Isle of Man}}
* {{flag|Jersey}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;United States&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አሜሪካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United States of America
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The United States is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of the United States|50 states, 1 federal district]], and the incorporated territory of [[Palmyra Atoll]]. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:
* {{flag|አሜሪካዊ ሳሞዓ}} (including [[Swains Island]], disputed by [[Tokelau]])
* {{flag|ጓም}}
* {{flag|ስሜን ማሪያና ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ፕዌርቶ ሪኮ}}
* {{flag|የአሜሪካ ቪርጂን ደሴቶች}}

In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: [[Baker Island]], [[Howland Island]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Atoll]], [[Kingman Reef]], [[Midway Atoll]], [[Navassa Island]], and [[Wake Island]]. The United States also asserts claims to [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]] and [[Serranilla Bank]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Uruguay&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኡራጓይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Oriental Republic of Uruguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኡዝቤኪስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Uzbekistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, [[Karakalpakstan]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Vanuatu&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቫኑዋቱ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Vanuatu
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Vatican City&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቫቲካን ከተማ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of the Vatican City
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN observer state]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Administered by the [[Holy See]], a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to [[Foreign relations of the Holy See#Bilateral relations|179 states]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|title=Bilateral relations of the Holy See|publisher=Holy See website|accessdate=2012-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Holy See is a permanent observer of the UN in the category of &quot;Non-member State&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Non-member States and Entities |url=http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=30 August 2010|date=29 February 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; and a member of the [[IAEA]], [[ITU]], [[UPU]], and [[WIPO]]. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the [[Pope]], who is the Bishop of the Archdiocese of Rome and ''ex officio'' sovereign of Vatican City. The Holy See also administers a number of [[Properties of the Holy See|extraterritorial properties]] in [[#Italy|Italy]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Venezuela&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቬኔዝዌላ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Venezuela is a [[federation]] of [[States of Venezuela|23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Vietnam&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቬት ናም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Vietnam claims sovereignty over the [[Paracel Islands|Paracel]]&lt;ref name=Paracel group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and [[Spratly Islands]].&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Yemen&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የመን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Yemen
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Zambia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዛምቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Zambia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዚምባብዌ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Zimbabwe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↑ [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] and [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer states]] ↑
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:White;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;AB&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ Other states ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|{{Anchor|Other states}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Abkhazia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አብካዚያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Abkhazia
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Recognised by]] Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Tuvalu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mfaabkhazia.net/en/node/1082 |title=On the establishment of diplomatic relations between Republic of Abkhazia and Tuvalu. &amp;#124; The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Abkhazia |publisher=Mfaabkhazia.net |date= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vanuatu, Venezuela,&lt;ref name=&quot;STPETTIMES&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Chavez Backs Abkhazia, South Ossetia|url=http://www.times.spb.ru/index.php?action_id=2&amp;story_id=32067|newspaper=St. Petersburg Times| date=27 July 2010|accessdate=5 June 2011|agency=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; South Ossetia and Transnistria.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|language=Russian|date=2006-11-17|accessdate=2011-06-05|title=Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Azawad&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አዛዋድ}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MALI}}
{{extent}}Independence from Mali declared on 6 April 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mnlamov.net/component/content/article/169-declaration-dindependance-de-lazawad.html|title=Déclaration D’Indépendance de L'Azawad|date=2012-04-06|accessdate=2012-04-06|publisher=[[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]|archivedate=2012-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018123246/http://www.mnlamov.net/component/content/article/169-declaration-dindependance-de-lazawad.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; No recognitions have been given.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Cook Islands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኩክ ደሴቶች}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም

{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[#N|New Zealand]], recognized by Japan,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.meiji.ac.jp/cip/english/about/news/2011/glqts000000005qk.html|date=2011-06-22|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Lecture by Prime Minister Puna of the Cook Islands -State recognition of the Cook Islands to lead to furthering cooperation|publisher=Meiji University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netherlands&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/h577a.htm|date=2011-08-17|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Cook Islands and the Netherlands establish Diplomatic Relations|publisher=The Cook Islands Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt; and China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinaembassy.org.nz/eng/kkqd/t39446.htm|date=2003-10-27|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Joint Communique Between the People's Republic of China and the Cook Islands on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations|publisher=The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in New Zealand}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;/&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kosovo&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮሶቮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kosovo
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SERBIA}}
{{extent}}Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in 2008 and it has {{Numrec|Kos|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[Republic of China]]. Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo is formally under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]]. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አርጻኽ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Artsakh
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|AZERBAIJAN}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Krüger, Heiko|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7JDCQu-Us8sC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA55#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|page=55|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-3-642-11787-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes|title=Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan|url=http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|newspaper=HULIQ.com|publisher=Hareyan Publishing, LLC|month=August|year=2010|accessdate=2011-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Nagorno-Karabakh|recognised only by]] [[Abkhazia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;&gt;[http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам]: &quot;Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой&quot;, - сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... &quot;...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики...&quot; - сказал он.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[South Ossetia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;/&gt; and [[Transnistria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;transgovt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|title=In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie|publisher=[[Pridnestrovie]]|date=2010-05-26|accessdate=2010-06-29|archivedate=2008-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Claimed in whole by [[አዘርባይጃን]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm Regions and territories'': Nagorno-Karabakh] (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Niue&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒዌ}}'''
|style=&quot;background-color:LemonChiffon&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም

{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[#N|New Zealand]], recognized by China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lt.china-embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t391353.htm|date=2007-12-19|accessdate=2012-02-07|title=Joint Comminuque on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Niue and the People's Republic of China|publisher=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Lithuania}}&lt;/ref&gt; Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;/&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰሜን ቆጵሮስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;| Claimed by [[Cyprus]]
{{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[#Turkey|Turkey]]. It has participated as an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] under the name &quot;Turkish Cypriot State&quot; since 1979. In addition, the [[Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]] regards TRNC as sovereign but [[#Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] has not followed suit.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].&lt;ref&gt;See [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html The World Factbook|Cyprus] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html |date=20181226020655 }} (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Palestine&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flagcountry|ፍልስጤም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Palestine
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of one [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agency]]
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|ISRAEL}}
{{extent}}The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from {{Numrec|Pal}} states.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Palestine Liberation Organization|title=Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|publisher=Negotiations Affairs Department|accessdate=2011-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on the territory that it proclaimed.&lt;ref&gt;See the following on statehood criteria:
* {{Citation|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 March 2010|publisher=30 March 2010|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} &quot;...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention...&quot;; &quot;...the fact that a majority of states have recognized Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice&quot;.
* {{Citation|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:|archivedate=2011-07-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22}} &quot;It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory&quot;.
* {{Citation|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&amp;crawlid=1&amp;doctype=cite&amp;docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&amp;srctype=smi&amp;srcid=3B15&amp;key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} &quot;Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Palestinian National Authority]] is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]] that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the [[Palestinian territories]]. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], which has permanent observer status at the United Nations General Assembly as a non-member entity.&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot;/&gt; The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|title=Arab States: Palestine|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=3 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;SADR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የሳህራ አረብ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሬፑብሊክ}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MOROCCO}}
{{extent}}Recognised by [[Legal status of Western Sahara#States recognizing the SADR|84 other states]]. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]] and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 [[Asian-African Conference]]. The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of [[Western Sahara]] to the west of the [[Wall (Western Sahara)|Moroccan Wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[#Algeria|Algeria]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Somaliland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሶማሊላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Somaliland
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SOMALIA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=International Crisis Group|title=Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership|journal=Africa Report|issue=110|pages=10–13|date=23 May 2006|url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|accessdate=2011-04-19|archivedate=2011-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Mesfin, Berouk|coauthors=|title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland|journal=ISS Paper|issue=200|page=8|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|month=September|year=2009|url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|accessdate=2011-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Arieff, Alexis|title=De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|journal=Yale Journal of International Affairs|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|accessdate=2011-04-17|archivedate=2011-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not diplomatically recognised by]] any other state, claimed in whole by the [[#Somali Republic|Somali Republic]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/3794847.stm Regions and territories'': Somaliland] (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;South Ossetia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ ኦሴቲያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Ossetia
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=http://centreforforeignpolicystudies.dal.ca/pdf/gradsymp09/Jansen.pdf|journal=Geopolitics vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,&lt;ref name=&quot;STPETTIMES&quot; /&gt; Abkhazia and Transnistria.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC /&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cnnAbSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=2008-08-26|accessdate=2008-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Taiwan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ|name=Taiwan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of China&lt;ref name=&quot;ChinaTaiwan&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Former UN member state;
Participant in some UN related organizations as &quot;Chinese Taipei&quot;
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|PRC}}
{{extent}}A state competing for recognition with the [[People's Republic of China]] as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of [[Taiwan]] and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the [[Spratly Islands]],&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=2008-10-08 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China is recognised by {{Numrec|ROC|asof=E||states}}, including the Holy See. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Communist Party of China]] (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in [[Taipei]]. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] currently under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative]] of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as &quot;[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]&quot;. The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China participates in the [[World Health Organization]] and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the [[World Trade Organization]], [[International Olympic Committee]] and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly &quot;[[Chinese Taipei]]&quot;. The Republic of China enjoyed UN membership from 1945 to 1971.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Transnistria&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ትራንስኒስትሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester)
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MOLDOVA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] Abkhazia and South Ossetia.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC /&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Moldova|Moldova]] as the ''Territorial Unit of Transnistria''.&lt;ref&gt;'See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3641826.stm Regions and territories'': Trans-Dniester] (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↑ Other states ↑
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|}
--[[ልዩ:Contributions/71.127.141.21|71.127.141.21]] 16:52, 8 ጁላይ 2012 (UTC)

==Criteria for inclusion==
The dominant [[customary international law]] standard of statehood is the [[Sovereign state#Declarative theory|declarative theory of statehood]] that defines the state as a person of international law if it &quot;possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.&quot; Debate exists on the degree to which [[Diplomatic recognition|recognition]] should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the [[Montevideo Convention]], argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the [[Sovereign state#Constitutive theory|constitutive theory of statehood]] defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognized as [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:
* (a) have declared independence and are often regarded as having control over a permanently populated territory
or
* (b) are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one other sovereign state

Note that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 207 entities:&lt;ref&gt;The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;micros&quot; group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;The non-state sovereign entity [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Order of Malta]] is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be [[micronation]]s are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all [[uncontacted people]]s, either who live in [[Stateless society|societies that cannot be defined as states]] or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 203 states recognized by at least one [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member state]]
* Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are recognized only by non-UN member states: [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]], [[Transnistria]]
* Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are not recognized by any other state: [[Azawad]], [[Somaliland]]

==ነጥቦች==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|group=&quot;Note&quot;|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite web|author = Federal Foreign Office of Germany|title = Amtliche Bezeichnungen ausländischer Staaten in den Landessprachen|publisher = Government of Germany|date = 22 April 2009|url = http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/373536/publicationFile/3858/StaatennamenLandessprache.pdf|format = PDF|accessdate = 2010-07-14}}
* {{Cite book |title=The World: A Third World Guide: 1995/96 |editor1-last=Bissio |editor1-first=Roberto Remo |publisher=Instituto del Tercer Mundo |year=1995 |location=Montevideo |isbn=978-0-85598-291-1 |oclc=476299738}}
* {{cite web|title=Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm|publisher=Statistics Division, United Nations|date=1 April 2010}}
* {{cite web|last=Davis|first=Tim|title=World Countries and States List |url=http://www.timdavis.com.au/data/|work=Timdavis.com.au|date=19 February 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=Geographic Names|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/geoinfo/geoname.pdf|publisher=Department of Public Information, Cartographic Section, United Nations|date=7 September 2000}}
* {{cite web|title=ISO 3166-1 Country names and code elements|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/country_names_and_code_elements.htm|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|year=2010}}
* {{cite web|title=List of countries, territories and currencies|url=http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm|publisher=Publications Office of the European Union|date=4 May 2010}}
* {{cite web|last=Madore|first=David|title=How many countries are there in the world?|url=http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/countries.html|work=Madore.org|date=3 August 2003}}
* {{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=United States|year=2010|accessdate=2012-07-07|archivedate=2008-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812233855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://books.google.com/?id=NYszJtC66FAC&amp;pg=PA161&amp;dq=%22official+name%22+palestine&amp;q=%22official%20name%22%20palestine |page=161 |title=Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report |author=World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce |edition=27th |location=London |publisher=Kogan Page |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7494-4066-4 |oclc=51992589}}

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      <text bytes="114618" xml:space="preserve">==የአገራት ዝርዝር==
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background:white; text-align:left; font-size'':95%; border-collapse'':collapse; border'':0 solid #aaa;&quot;
|-
!width=35%|አጭርና ይፋዊ ስያሜዎች
! style=&quot;width:12.5%;&quot;|የ[[ተመድ]] አባል? 
! style=&quot;width:12.5%;&quot;|የልዑላዊነት ክርክር? {{#tag:ref|በዚሁ ዓምድ ውስጥ በአንድ አገር መላው ግዛት ላይ ያለው ክርክር ሲኖር ብቻ ያመልክታል። በአገሩ ከፊል ላይ የሥልጣን ክርክር ሲኖር «ተጨማሪ መረጃ» በሚል ዓምድ ይገኛል።|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;}}
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|ተጨማሪ መረጃ {{#tag:ref|ተጨማሪ መረጃ፦
* የአገሩ ሉአላዊነት በሙሉ ካልተቀበለ በስንት አገሮች እንደ ተቀበለ፣ 
* [[የአውሮፓ ሕብረት]] አባል ከሆነ፣&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; 
* any [[Dependent territory#Summary by country|overseas dependencies]], if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
* [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] (ፌዴራላዊ ሕብረት መንግሥት) ከሆነ፣ 
* በአገሩ ግዛት ውስጥ  [[የራስ-ገዥ ክልሎች ዝርዝር በየአገሩ|የራስ ገዥ ክልሎች]] ካሉ፣
* አንድ ሰው የብዙ አገሮች ርዕሰ መንግሥት የሚሆንበት ሁኔታ ካለ፣
* any major [[List of territorial disputes|territorial disputes]],
* በአንድ አገር ቢያንስ የተቀበለ [[የስደት መንግሥት]] ካለ።|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;}}
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ [[የተመድ አባላት]] ወይም [[የተመድ ተመልካች አገራት]] ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;አብካዚያ → [[#አብካዚያ|አብካዚያ]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;UN member state&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;None&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አፍጋኒስታን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አፍጋኒስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአስጋኒስታን እስላማዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አልባኒያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አልባኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአልባኒያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አልጄሪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አልጄሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአልጄሪያ ሕዝባዊ ዴሞክራቲክ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አንዶራ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አንዶራ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአንዶራ ልዑላዊነት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአንዶራ መንግሥት ልዑል ሹመት በ[[ፈረንሳይ]] ፕሬዝዳንትና በ[[ኡርዠል አገረ ስብከት]] ኤጲስ ቆጶስ ([[የሮማ ካቶሊክ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]]) በጋራ ይካፈላል።&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/992562.stm#leaders |title=Andorra country profile |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=8 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አንጎላ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አንጎላ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአንጎላ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አንቲጋ እና ባርቡዳ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አንቲጋ እና ባርቡዳ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አንቲጋ እና ባርቡዳ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛቶች [[የአገራት ኮመንዌልዝ]] አባላት ናቸው። ግዛቶቹ ነጻነት ያላቸውና ራሳቸውን የቻሉ ሲሆኑ የሁላቸው መንግሥት መሪ በይፋ [[ዳግማዊት ንግሥት እልሳቤጥ]] ናቸው።&lt;/ref&gt;በአገሩ ውስጥ [[ባርቡዳ]] ራስ-ገዥ ክልል ነው። &lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስለ ራስ-ገዥ ክልሎች በተጨማሪ ለመረዳት [[የራስ-ገዥ ክልሎች ዝርዝር በየአገሩ]] ይዩ።&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Government of Antigua and Barbuda
 | title = Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act
 | work = Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
 | url = http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf
 | accessdate = 2010-11-10
 | archivedate = 2011-07-06
 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706071022/http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-44.pdf
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አርጀንቲና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አርጀንቲና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– አርጀንቲን ሪፐብሊክ &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;በአርጀንቲና ሕገ መንግሥት መሠረት (አንቀጽ 35) የሚከተሉት ስያሜዎች በይፋ ይቀበላሉ፦ «አርጀንቲን ሬፐብሊክ»፣ «አርጀንቲን ሕብረት» ወይም «የሪዮ ዴ ላ ፕላታ ተባባሪ ክፍላገራት»፤ ከዚህ በላይ በሕግጋት ውስጥ «አርጀንቲን ብሔር» እንዲባል ተመሠረተ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አርጀንቲንና የ23 ክፍላገሮችና አንድ ራስ-ገዥ ከተማ [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ነው። እንግሊዝ በሚያስተዳድራቸው [[የፋልክላንድ ደሴቶች]] እና [[ደቡብ ጂዮርጅያ እና ደቡብ ሳንድዊች ደሴቶች]] ላይ ባለው ሥልጣን አርጀንቲና ይገባኛል ባይ ነው።&lt;ref name=dis&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html |title=Disputes - International |publisher=CIA World Factbook |accessdate=8 November 2011 |archivedate=14 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514215411/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; አርጀንቲና ደግሞ በ[[አርጀንቲን አንታርክቲካ]] ላይ እንደ ብሔራዊ ግዛት ይገባኛል ይላል። በይፋ የ[[ቲዬራ ዴል ፍዌጎ፣ አንታርክቲካና የደቡብ አትላንቲክ ደሴቶች]] ክፍላገር ክፍል ሲሆን እንግሊዝና ቺሌ ደግሞ ይህን ግዛት በከፊል ይገባኛል ይላሉ።&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;The continent of [[Antarctica]], including its outlying islands south of 60°S, are held in abeyance under the terms of the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]. Under this treaty, territorial claims in this region are neither recognised nor disputed. Claimant countries are Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, with all those save Argentina and Chile mutually recognising each others claims.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Government of the United States, Congress, Office of Technology Assessment|title=Polar prospects: a minerals treaty for Antarctica|page=43|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|year=1989|isbn=978-1-4289-2232-7}} &quot;Mutual recognition of claims has been limited to Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom ... Chile and Argentina do not recognize each other's claims ...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አርሜኒያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አርሜኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአርሜኒያ ሬፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|በ[[ፓኪስታን]] አልተቀበለም።&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf Pakistan Worldview - Report 21 - Visit to Azerbaijan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.foreignaffairscommittee.org/includes/content_files/Report%2021%20-%20Visit%20to%20Azerbaijan.pdf |date=20090219074354 }} Senate of Pakistan&amp;nbsp;— Senate foreign relations committee, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.today.az/news/politics/30102.html Nilufer Bakhtiyar: &quot;For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country&quot;] 13 September 2006 [14:03] - Today.Az&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አውስትራሊያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አውስትራሊያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአውስትራሊያ ኮመንዌልዝ 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አውስትራሊያ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; ሲሆን የ6 ክፍላገሮችና የ10 ግዛቶች ፌዴራሲዮን ነው። የአውስትራሊያ አፍዓዊ ግዛቶች የሚከተሉ ናቸው፦
* {{noflag|[[አሽሞር እና ካርቲር ደሴቶች]]}}
* {{noflag|[[የአውስትራሊያ አንታርክቲክ ግዛት]]}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* {{flag|ክሪስማስ ደሴት}}
* {{flag|ኮኮስ (ኪሊንግ) ደሴቶች}}
* {{noflag|[[የኮራል ባሕር ደሴቶች ግዛት]]}}
* {{noflag|[[ህርድ ደሴትና ማክዶናልድ ደሴቶች]]}}
* {{flag|ኖርፈክ ደሴት}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኦስትሪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኦስትሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኦስትሪያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል ሲሆን{{#tag:ref|[[የአውሮፓ ሕብረት]] 27 አባላት ሉአላዊነታቸውን በከፊል (በሕግ አማካሪ፣ አስፈጻሚና ችሎታዊ ሥልጣናት ረገድ) ለሕብረቱ አዛውረዋል። &lt;ref&gt;[http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/index_en.htm Europa], retrieved 28 February 2011&lt;/ref&gt;|name=EU|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;}} ኦስትሪያ የ9 ክፍላገሮች (ቡንደስላንደር) [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ነው።
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;አዛዋድ → [[#አዛዋድ|አዛዋድ]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;አዘርባይጃን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አዘርባይጃን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የአዘርባይጃን ሬፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}አዘርባይጃን 2 ራስ-ገዥ አውራጃዎች አሉት፦ [[ናቅቺቫን]] እና [[ናጎርኖ-ካራባቅ]] (''Dağlıq Qarabağ'') ናቸው።&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; በናጎርኖ-ካራባቅ [[#ናጎርኖ-ካራባቅ|ተግባራዊ ነፃ መንግሥት]] ተመሠርቷል።
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባሃማስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባሃማስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የባሃማስ ኮመንዌልዝ 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ባሃማስ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባሕሬን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባሕሬን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የባሕሬን ንጉዛት 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባንግላዴሽ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባንግላዴሽ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የባንግላዴሽ ሕዝባዊ ሬፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ባርቤዶስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ባርቤዶስ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ባርቤዶስ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤላሩስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤላሩስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቤላሩስ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤልጅግ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤልጅግ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቤልጅግ ንጉዛት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል ሲሆን&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; ቤልጅግ ኅብረተሠቦቹና ክልሎቹ በየቋንቋ መሠረት የሚለያይበት ፌዴራሲዮን ነው።
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤሊዝ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤሊዝ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ቤሊዝ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]] ነው።&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቤኒን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቤኒን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቤኒን ሪፐብሊክ &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስያሜው እስከ 1967 ዓ.ም. ድረስ በይፋ [[ዳሆሜ]] ተባለ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡታን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቡታን ንጉዛት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቦሊቪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቦሊቪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– ብዙ ብሔር ያለው ሀገረ ቦሊቪያ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና የሁለት አባላት ፌዴራሲዮን ነው፤ እነርሱም [[የቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና ፌዴራሲዮን]] እና [[ሬፑብሊካ ስርፕስካ]] ናቸው።&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስለ ቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና አከፋፈል ለመረዳት፣ [[የደይተን ስምምነት]] እና [http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 አጠቃላይ መዋቅር ስምምነት ለሰላም በቦስኒያና ሄርጸጎቪና] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_id=380 |date=20150604163946 }} (14 ዲሴምበር 1995 እ.ኤ.አ.) ጽሑፍ ይዩ።. Office of the High Representative. {{en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቦትስዋና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቦትስዋና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቦትስዋና ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ብራዚል&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ብራዚል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የብራዚል ፌዴራስያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ብራዚል የ26 ክፍላገራትና የ1 ፌዴራላዊ ወረዳ [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ነው።
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ብሩነይ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ብሩነይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– ሀገረ ብሩነይ፣ የሰላም ማደሪያ 
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ብሩነይ በ[[ስፕራትሊ ደሴቶች]] ላይ በከፊል ይገባኛል ይላል።&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;የ[[ስፕራትሊ ደሴቶች]] ግዛት በ[[ቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ]]፣ [[የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ]]፣ [[ቬትናም]]፣ በከፊሉም በብሩነይ፣ [[#ማሌዢያ|ማሌዢያ]]፣ እና [[#ፊሊፒንስ|ፊሊፒንስ]] የተከረከረ ነው። ከብሩነይ በስተቀር፣ እያንዳንዱ የዴሴቶቹን ከፊል ይዟል።&lt;/ref&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡልጋሪያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡልጋሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቡልጋሪያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡርኪና ፋሶ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡርኪና ፋሶ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ወይም ቡርኪና፣ ቀድሞ እስከ 1976 ዓ.ም. ድረስ ስሙ በይፋ «ላይኛ ቮልታ» ነበረ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;በርማ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|በርማ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የምያንማር ህብረት ሪፐብሊክ&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;በ1981 ዓ.ም. በርማ ስሙን በይፋ ወደ «ምያንማር» ቀየረ። በ2003 ዓ.ም.፣ ከ«የምያንማር ኅብረት» ወደ «የምያንማር ኅብረት ሪፐብሊክ» ተቀየረ።&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE69K2HM20101021|publisher=Reuters|date=21 October 2010|accessdate=22 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቡሩንዲ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቡሩንዲ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቡሩንዲ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ካምቦዲያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካምቦዲያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የካምቦዲያ ንጉዛት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ካሜሩን&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካሜሩን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የካሜሩን ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ካናዳ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካናዳ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;አሁን የአገሩ ሕጋዊ ስም «ካናዳ» ብቻ ነው፤ «የካናዳ ግዛት» አሁን አይጠቀምም።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ካናዳ [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; ሲሆን የ10 ክፍላገራትና 3 ግዛቶች ፌዴራሲዮን ነው።
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኬፕ ቨርድ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኬፕ ቨርድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኬፕ ቨርድ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፐብሊክ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፐብሊክ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቻድ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቻድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቻድ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቺሌ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቺሌ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቺሌ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}[[ፋሲካ ደሴት]] እና [[ዋን ፌርናንዴዝ ደሴቶች]] በ[[ቫልፓራይሶ አውራጃ]] ውስጥ የቺሌ «ልዩ ግዛቶች» ናቸው። ቺሌ በ[[አንታርክቲካ]] ከፊል ላይ እንደ [[ማጋያኔስ እና አንታርክቲካ ቺሌና አውራጃ]] ክፍል ይግባኝ ይላል። እንግሊዝና አርጀንቲና ደግሞ በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ ይግባኝ ባዮች ናቸው።&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቻይና&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቻይና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ&lt;ref name=&quot;ChinaTaiwan&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;[[የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ]] በተለመደ «ቻይና» ሲባል [[የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ]] በተለመደ «ታይዋን» ይባላል። አንዳንዴ የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ ደግሞ «[[ቻይናዊ ታይፔ]]» ተብሎ በይፋ ይታወቃል።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ}}
{{extent}}የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ አምስት ራስ-ገዥ አውራጃቆች አሉት፤ [[ጓንግሢ]]፣ [[ውስጣዊ ሞንጎሊያ]]፣ [[ኒንግሥያ]]፣ [[ሢንጅያንግ]] እና [[ቲቤት ራስ-ገዥ አውራጃ|ቲቤት]] ናቸው።&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; በተጨማሪ፣ በሚከተሉት [[የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ልዩ አስተዳደራዊ አውራጃ|ልዩ አስተዳደራዊ አውራጃዎች]] ላይ ሥልጣን አለው፦
* {{flag|ሆንግ ኮንግ}}
* {{flag|ማካው}}
ደግሞ በሚከተሉት ግዛቶች ላይ ይግባኝ ይላል፦ 
* [[ታይዋን]] እና የተዛመዱት ደሴቶች [[ኰሞይ]]፣ [[ማጹ ደሴቶች|ማጹ]]፣ [[ፕራታስ ደሴቶች|ፕራታስ]] እና [[ኢቱ አባ ደሴት|ኢቱ አባ]] በቻይና ሪፐብሊክ ይገዛሉ፤ የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ ደግሞ በመላው ቻይና ላይ ይግባኝ ይላል፤&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* [[ፓራሴል ደሴቶች]] (የተከራከረ)&lt;ref name=Paracel group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;[[ቬትናም]]ና [[የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ]] ደግሞ በፓራሴል ደሴቶች ላይ ይግባኝ ባዮች ናቸው።&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ስፕራትሊ ደሴቶች]] (የተከራከረ)&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* [[ደቡብ ቲቤት]] (በ[[#ሕንድ|ሕንድ]] እንደ [[አሩናቻል ፕራዴሽ]] ክፍል የተገዛ)።
[[አክሳይ ቺን]] በቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ የተገዛ ሲሆን ሕንድ እንደ [[ጃሙና ካሽሚር]] ክፍል ይግባኝ ይላል።&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
22 የተ.መ.ድ. አባላት እና [[ቫቲካን]] የቻይናን ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ አይቀብሉምና በፈንታው የቻይናን ሪፐብሊክ (ታይዋንን) ይቀብላሉ።&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ደግሞ [[ከቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ጋራ ዲፕሎማቲካዊ ግንኙነት የተመሠረተባቸው ወቅቶች ዝርዝር]] እና [[የቻይና ሕዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ውጭ አገር ግንኙነት]]።&lt;/ref&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮሎምቢያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮሎምቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኮሎምቢያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮሞሮስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮሞሮስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;–የኮሞሮስ ኅብረት
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}ኮሞሮስ የ3 ደሴቶች ፌዴራሲዮን ሲሆን በፈረንሳይ በተገዛ ደሴት [[ማዮት]] ላይ 4ኛው ሆኖ ይግባኝ ይላል።&lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ስለ ፌዴራላዊ መንግሥታት ለመረዳት፣ [[ፌዴራሲዮን]] ይዩ።&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;የኮሞሮስ ሕገ መንግሥት፣ አንቀጽ 1።&lt;/ref&gt; ኮሞሮስና ማዳጋስካር ደግሞ በፈረንሳይ በተገዛው [[ባንክ ዱ ዠይሲር]] ላይ ይግባኝ ይላሉ።&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
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|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮንጎ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮንጎ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}}''' (ኮንጎ-ኪንሻሳ) &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;ደግሞ ኮንጎ-ኪንሻሳ ይባላል። ከ1963 እስከ 1989 ዓ.ም. ድረስ፣ ስሙ በይፋ [[ዛዪር]] ነበረ።&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮንጎ ሪፐብሊክ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮንጎ ሪፐብሊክ}}''' (ኮንጎ-ብራዛቪል)
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮስታ ሪካ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮስታ ሪካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኮስታ ሪካ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኮት ዲቯር&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮት ዲቯር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኮት ዲቯር ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ክሮኤሽያ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ክሮኤሽያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የክሮኤሽያ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኩባ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኩባ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኩባ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ቆጵሮስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቆጵሮስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የቆጵሮስ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|በ[[#ቱርክ|ቱርክ]] ወይም በ[[#ስሜን ቆጵሮስ|]] አልተቀበለም።
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]. See [[Foreign relations of Cyprus]] and [[Cyprus dispute]]. [[Turkey]] refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as &quot;The Greek Cypriot Administration of South Cyprus&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;See[http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=255&amp;l=2 Republic of Turkey Ministry for European Union Affairs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=255&amp;l=2 |date=20150926163208 }} Retrieved June 12, 2012''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Czech Republic&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቼክ ሪፐብሊክ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;A simpler official short-form name has been encouraged by the Czech government: the English variant '''Czechia''' remains uncommon, but variants in Czech (''Česko'') and some other languages are more popular. See [[Name of the Czech Republic]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Denmark&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዴንማርክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Denmark
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
The [[Danish Realm]] also includes two self-governing territories:
* {{flag|ፋሮ ደሴቶች}} ''(Føroyar/Færøerne)''
* {{flag|ግሪንላንድ}} ''(Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland)''
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Djibouti&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጅቡቲ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Djibouti
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Dominica&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዶመኒካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Commonwealth of Dominica
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Dominican Republic&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዶሚኒካን ሪፐብሊክ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;East Timor&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ምሥራቅ ቲሞር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;The government of East Timor uses &quot;Timor-Leste&quot; as the English translation.&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ecuador&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤኳዶር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Ecuador
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Egypt&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ግብፅ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የግብፅ ዓረብ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;El Salvador&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤል ሳልቫዶር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኤል ሳልቫዶር ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Equatorial Guinea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢኳቶሪያል ጊኔ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Equatorial Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Eritrea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤርትራ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኤርትራ አገር
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Estonia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኤስቶኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኤስቶኒያ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ethiopia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢትዮጵያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Ethiopia is a [[federation]] of [[Regions of Ethiopia|9 regions and 2 chartered cities]].
&lt;!--The European Union is not a sovereign state and should not be included--&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Fiji&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፊጂ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የፊጂ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, [[Rotuma]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | title = Laws of Fiji
 | place = Suva, Fiji
 | publisher = Government of Fiji
 | year = 1927
 | volume = 
 | edition = 1978
 | chapter = Rotuma Act
 | chapterurl = http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-10
 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.itc.gov.fj/lawnet/fiji_act/cap122.html |date=20050419112327 }}{{dead link|date=May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister
 | title = Chapter 122: Rotuma Act
 | work = Laws of Fiji
 | publisher = University of the South Pacific
 | year = 1978
 | url = http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/ra103/
 | accessdate = 2010-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Finland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፊንላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የፊንላንድ ሪፑብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
* {{flag|ኦላንድ ደሴቶች}} is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;[[Åland Islands|Åland]] was demilitarised by the [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1856, which was later affirmed by the [[League of Nations]] in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;France&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፈረንሣይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– French Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; French overseas regions/departments ([[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]] and [[Réunion]]) are full, integral parts of France.

The French Republic also includes the overseas territories of:
* {{noflag|[[Clipperton Island]]}}
* {{flag|የፈረንሳይ ፖሊኔዥያ}}
* {{flag|ኑቨል ካሌዶኒ}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint-Barthélemy]]}}
* {{noflag|[[Saint Martin]]}}
* {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}}
* {{noflag|[[Wallis and Futuna]]}}
* {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} (includes the Antarctic claim of [[Adélie Land]]).&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
[[Clipperton Island]] is a possession of the government. French sovereignty over [[Banc du Geyser]], [[Bassas da India]], [[Europa Island]], [[Glorioso Islands]], [[Juan de Nova Island]], Mayotte, and [[Tromelin Island]] is disputed in part by [[#Madagascar|Madagascar]], [[#Mauritius|Mauritius]], [[#Seychelles|Seychelles]] and the [[#Comoros|Comoros]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Gabon&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጋቦን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Gabonese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Gambia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Gambia&lt;/span&gt; '''{{flag|ጋምቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of The Gambia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጂዮርጂያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Georgia contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Adjara]] and [[Abkhazia]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; In [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]], de facto states have been formed.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Germany&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጀርመን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Republic of Germany
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Germany is a [[federation]] of [[States of Germany|16 federated states]] (Länder).
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ghana&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጋና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Ghana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Greece&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ግሪክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Hellenic Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; [[Mount Athos]] is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational &quot;Holy Community&quot; on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Grenada&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ግሬናዳ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Grenada is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guatemala&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጓተማላ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guatemala
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guinea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጊኔ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guinea-Bissau&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጊኔ-ቢሳው}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Guinea-Bissau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Guyana&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጋያና}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Co-operative Republic of Guyana
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}All land west of the [[Essequibo River]] is claimed by [[#Venezuela|Venezuela]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Haiti&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሃይቲ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Haiti
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Honduras&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሆንዱራስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Honduras
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Hungary&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሀንጋሪ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Iceland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አይስላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Iceland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;India&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ህንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of India
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}India is a [[federation]] of [[States and territories of India|28 states and 7 union territories]]. Indian sovereignty over [[Arunachal Pradesh]] is disputed by the [[#China|People's Republic of China]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt; India claims sovereignty over the whole of [[Kashmir]], but administers only part of it as the federated state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]].&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;Sovereignty over [[Kashmir]] is disputed between [[#India|India]] and [[#Pakistan|Pakistan]]; smaller parts are disputed by the [[#China|People's Republic of China]] and the [[#Taiwan|Republic of China]]. Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the [[List of territorial disputes]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Indonesia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢንዶኔዥያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Indonesia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Indonesia has 3 provinces with official special autonomy status: [[Aceh|Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], and [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Iran&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢራን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Iran
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Iraq&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢራቅ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Iraq
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Iraq is a [[federation]]&lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Source: [http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/20704/11332732681iraqi_constitution_en.pdf/iraqi_constitution_en.pdf Iraqi constitution]&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Governorates of Iraq|18 governorates]], 3 of which make up the autonomous [[Iraqi Kurdistan]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ireland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አየርላንድ}}''' &lt;ref group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;The Irish state is often referred to as the ''Republic of Ireland'' (its official ''description'' but not its ''name''). Sometimes this is done to distinguish the state from the [[Ireland|island of Ireland]] as a whole. However, sometimes it is done for [[Names of the Irish state|political reasons and is contentious]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
The Constitution of Ireland [[Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|asserts]] the aspiration towards creating a [[United Ireland]] by peaceful means.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.constitution.ie/reports/ConstitutionofIreland.pdf |title=Constitution of Ireland – Burnreacht na hÉireann |publisher=Government of Ireland |accessdate=8 November 2011 |quote=Article 3: It is the firm will of the Irish Nation...to unite all the people who share the territory of the island of Ireland...recognising that a united Ireland shall be brought about only by peaceful means |archivedate=13 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013114259/http://www.constitution.ie/reports/ConstitutionofIreland.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Israel&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|እስራኤል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Israel
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|Not recognized by 33 states
{{extent}}[[Israel]] annexed [[East Jerusalem]], and occupies the [[Golan Heights]]&lt;ref name=&quot;golanocc&quot;&gt;Occupied territory:
* &quot;Israeli-occupied Golan Heights&quot; (Central Intelligence Agency. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&amp;pg=PA339&amp;dq=%22OCCUPIED+GOLAN%22&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=T2BVTJuyLsH48AbYwM3kBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=4&amp;ved=0CDYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&amp;q=%22OCCUPIED%20GOLAN%22&amp;f=false CIA World Factbook 2010], Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN 1-60239-727-9.)
* &quot;...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal...&quot; (&quot;[http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations]&quot;, Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * &quot;Occupied Golan Heights&quot; ([http://archive.is/20120801065012/www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories], UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * &quot;In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory.&quot; ([http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/israel-golan-311207?OpenDocument&amp;style=custo_print ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007], International Committee of the Red Cross, April 24, 2008.) * &quot;...occupied Syrian Golan Heights...&quot; ([http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/peace02.htm The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002], ''www.al-bab.com''. Retrieved August 1, 2010.) * In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the &quot;occupied Syrian Golan&quot; that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ([http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/ga10794.doc.htm General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees], United Nations, December 5, 2008.)&lt;/ref&gt; and parts of the [[West Bank]]. These areas are not internationally-recognised as being part of Israel.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt; Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the [[Gaza Strip]], following its [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|unilateral disengagement]], but is still considered the occupying power under international law.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Gold
 | first = Dore
 | coauthors = Institute for Contemporary Affairs
 | title = Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still &quot;Occupied&quot; Even After Israel Withdraws
 | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3
 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
 | date = 26 August 2005
 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Bell
 | first = Abraham
 | title = International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense
 | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29
 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
 | date = 28 January 2008
 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release
 | title = Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference
 | publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel
 | date = 22 January 2008
 | url = http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | last = Salih
 | first = Zak M.
 | title = Panelists Disagree Over Gaza’s Occupation Status
 | publisher = University of Virginia School of Law
 | date = 17 November 2005
 | url = http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archivedate = 2016-03-03
 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | title = Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation
 | publisher = Human Rights Watch
 | date = 29 October 2004
 | url = http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Israel is not recognised as a state by [[International recognition of Israel|32]] UN members (including most Arab states) and by the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|SADR]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Italy&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኢጣልያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Italian Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Italy has 5 autonomous regions, [[Aosta Valley]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[Sardinia]], [[Sicily]] and [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Jamaica&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጃማይካ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Jamaica is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Japan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጃፓን}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Japan [[Kuril Islands dispute|disputes]] [[#Russia|Russian]] administration of the South [[Kuril Islands]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Jordan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ጆርዳን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kazakhstan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ካዛክስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kazakhstan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kenya&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኬንያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kenya
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;ኪሪባስ&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኪሪባስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– የኪሪባስ ሪፐብሊክ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Korea North&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰሜን ኮርያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic People's Republic of Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SKOREA}}
{{extent}}North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: [[#Japan|Japan]] and South Korea.&lt;ref name=&quot;koreas&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of [[Korea]]. See also [[Foreign relations of North Korea]] and [[Foreign relations of South Korea]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | url = http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/documents/texts/docs/19650622.T1E.html
 | title = Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea
 | accessdate = 2008-10-27
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Korea South&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ ኮርያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Korea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|NKOREA}}
{{extent}}South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, [[Jeju-do]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Keun Min|title=Greetings|publisher=Jeju Special Self-Governing Province|url=http://english.jeju.go.kr/contents/index.php?mid=02|accessdate = 2010-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.&lt;ref name=&quot;koreas&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Kosovo → [[#Kosovo|Kosovo]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kuwait&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኩዌት}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Kuwait
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኪርጊዝስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kyrgyz Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Laos&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ላውስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Lao People's Democratic Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Latvia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ላትቪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Latvia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Lebanon&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊባኖስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Lebanese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Lesotho&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሌሶቶ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Lesotho
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Liberia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ላይቤሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Liberia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Libya&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊቢያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The [[Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|former government]] of [[Muammar Gaddafi]], which claims to be the sole legitimate representative of the Libyan people, still has some international recognition (see [[Foreign relations of the National Transitional Council]] and [[Foreign relations of Libya under Gaddafi]]).
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊክተንስታይን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Principality of Liechtenstein
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Lithuania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሊትዌኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Lithuania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Luxembourg&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሉክሰምበርግ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Macedonia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|መቄዶንያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Macedonia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Because of the [[Macedonia naming dispute]], the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as &quot;the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia&quot;.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Madagascar&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማዳጋስካር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Madagascar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Madagascar claims the French territories of [[Banc du Geyser]], [[Juan de Nova Island]], and the [[Glorioso Islands]].&lt;ref name=dis/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Malawi&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማላዊ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Malawi
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Malaysia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማሌዢያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Malaysia is a [[federation]] of [[States of Malaysia|13 states and 3 federal territories]]. Malaysia claims part of the [[Spratly Islands]].&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Maldives&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማልዲቭስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Maldives
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mali&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማሊ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mali
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Mali claims [[#Azawad|Azawad]], an unrecognised state, as part of its sovereign territory.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Malta&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማልታ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Malta
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ማርሻል ደሴቶች}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Marshall Islands
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mauritania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞሪታኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mauritius&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞሪሸስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mauritius
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Mauritius has an autonomous island, [[Rodrigues]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Mauritius claims the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] and the French island of [[Tromelin Island|Tromelin]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mexico&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሜክሲኮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Mexican States
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Mexico is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of Mexico|31 states and 1 federal district]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Micronesia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የማይክሮኔዥያ ተባባሪ ክፍላገሮች}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]]. The Federated States of Micronesia is a [[federation]] of 4 states.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Moldova&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞልዶቫ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Moldova
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Moldova has the autonomous regions of [[Gagauzia]] and [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]], the latter of which has established a de facto state.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Monaco&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞናኮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Principality of Monaco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mongolia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞንጎልያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Montenegro&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞንቴኔግሮ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Morocco&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞሮኮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Morocco
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Morocco claims sovereignty over [[Western Sahara]] and controls most of it, which is disputed by the [[#SADR|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. Morocco disputes [[#Spain|Spanish]] sovereignty over [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]] and the &quot;[[Plazas de soberanía]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Mozambique&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሞዛምቢክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Mozambique
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Myanmar → [[#Burma|Burma]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Nagorno-Karabakh → [[#Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Namibia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ናሚቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Namibia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nauru&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ናውሩ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Nauru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nepal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኔፓል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Nepal is a [[federation]] composed of [[Zones of Nepal|14 zones]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Netherlands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flagcountry|የኔዘርላንድ ነገሥት መንግሥተ}}'''&lt;!--Link to state instead of country--&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of the Netherlands &lt;!-- Note that the Netherlands is not the sovereign state, the Kingdom is—see [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#The distinction between the Netherlands and &quot;the Kingdom&quot;]]. --&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries:
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|አሩባ}}
* {{flag|ኩረሳው}}
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}}
The monarch and her ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of the country the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the [[Netherlands Antilles]] in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries, which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands ([[Bonaire]], [[Saba]], [[Sint Eustatius]]) became [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]] of the Netherlands.

The designation &quot;Netherlands&quot; can refer to either one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g., in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;New Zealand&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒው ዚላንድ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}New Zealand is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and has responsibilities for (but has no sovereignty over) two freely [[associated state]]s:
* {{flag|ኩክ ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ኒዌ}}
The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 31 and 6 UN members respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Federal Foreign Office of Germany
 | title = Beziehungen zu Deutschland
 | publisher = Government of Germany
 | date = November 2009
 | url = http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Laenderinformationen/Cookinseln/Bilateral.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}} For more information, see [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = China Internet Information Centre
 | title = Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue
 | publisher = Xinhua News Agency
 | date = 13 December 2007
 | url = http://www.china.org.cn/english/international/235447.htm
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations
 | title = Foreign Affairs
 | publisher = United Nations
 | url = http://www.un.int/nauru/foreignaffairs.html
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;&gt;http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; and are members of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]].

New Zealand has the dependent territories of:
* {{noflag|[[Ross Dependency]]}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* {{flag|Tokelau}}
The Tokelauan government claims sovereignty over [[Swains Island]], part of [[American Samoa]], a territory of the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Radio New Zealand International
 | title = American Samoa governor ready to resist Tokelau’s claim to Swains Island
 | publisher = Radio New Zealand Ltd
 | date = 26 March 2007
 | url = http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&amp;id=31024
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; New Zealand does not recognize the Tokelauan claim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 | author = Government of New Zealand
 | coauthors = Government of Tokelau
 | title = Draft Constitution of Tokelau&amp;nbsp;– English
 | publisher = New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs &amp; Trade
 | date = 8 October 2007
 | url = http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Pacific/Tokelau/Tokelau-Constitution-(English).php
 | accessdate = 2010-07-16
 | archivedate = 2010-05-22
 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100522103909/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Pacific/Tokelau/Tokelau-Constitution-(English).php
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nicaragua&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒካራጓ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Nicaragua
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; Claims the San Andrés archipelago, currently part of Colombian territorial waters
{{extent}}Nicaragua contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur|Atlántico Sur]] and [[Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte|Atlántico Norte]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Niger&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒጄር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Niger
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nigeria&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ናይጄሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federal Republic of Nigeria
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Nigeria is a [[federation]] of [[States of Nigeria|36 states and 1 federal territory]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Niue → [[#Niue|Niue]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Northern Cyprus → [[#Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Norway&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኖርዌይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Norway
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}[[Svalbard]] is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the [[Svalbard Treaty]].
[[Bouvet Island]] is a dependent territory of Norway. Norway also claims [[Peter I Island]] and [[Queen Maud Land]] as dependent territories of Norway.&lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Oman&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኦማን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Sultanate of Oman
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Pakistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓኪስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Islamic Republic of Pakistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Pakistan is a [[federation]] of [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|4 provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions]]. Pakistan disputes [[#India|Indian]] sovereignty over [[Kashmir]]. It exercises control over [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir|some areas]], but does not explicitly claim any part of it,&lt;ref&gt;Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news
 | author = Aslam, Tasnim
 | title = 'Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...'
 | url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233374
 | newspaper = Outlook India
 | publisher = The Outlook Group
 | date = 11 December 2006
 | accessdate = }}&lt;/ref&gt; instead regarding it as a disputed territory.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last = Williams
 | first = Kristen P.
 | title = Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace
 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
 | year = 2001
 | pages = 154–155
 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=OYmurpH3ahsC
 | isbn = 978-0-275-96934-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book
 | last = Pruthi
 | first = R.K.
 | title = An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century
 | publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
 | year = 2001
 | pages = 120–121
 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=C3yDkKDbZ3YC
 | isbn = 978-81-261-1091-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; The portions that it controls are divided into two polities, administered separately from Pakistan proper:&lt;ref name=Kashmir group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
* {{flag|Azad Kashmir}}
* {{noflag|[[Gilgit–Baltistan]]}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Palau&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓላው}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Palau
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Under [[Compact of Free Association]] with the [[#United States|United States]].
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Palestine → [[#Palestine|Palestine]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Panama&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓናማ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Panama
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓፑዋ ኒው ጊኒ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Independent State of Papua New Guinea
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Papua New Guinea is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; with 1 autonomous region, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Paraguay&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፓራጓይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Paraguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Peru&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፔሩ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Peru
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Philippines&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፊሊፒንስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Philippines
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The Philippines contains two autonomous regions, the [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]]&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1987/eo_220_1987.html | title = EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 220 July 15, 1987 | accessdate = 2011-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Philippines administers [[Scarborough Shoal]] and some of the [[Spratly Islands]],&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and claims sovereignty over the [[Macclesfield Bank]] and [[Sabah]], which is part of [[#Malaysia|Malaysia]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Poland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፖላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Poland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Portugal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ፖርቱጋል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Portuguese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Portugal contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Portugal does not recognize [[#Spain|Spanish]] sovereignty over [[Olivenza]] and [[Táliga]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
| valign=top|Pridnestrovie → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Qatar&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኳታር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Qatar
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Romania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሮማንያ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Russia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሩሲያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Russian Federation
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Russia is officially a [[federation]] of 83&amp;nbsp;[[federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]] (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Sovereignty over the South [[Kuril Islands]] [[Kuril Islands dispute|is disputed]] by [[#Japan|Japan]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Rwanda&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሩዋንዳ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Rwanda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;የሳህራ አረብ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሬፑብሊክ → [[#SADR|የሳህራ አረብ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሬፑብሊክ]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰይንት ኪትስና ኒቨስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Saint Kitts and Nevis is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and is a [[federation]] &lt;ref name=federal group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; of [[Parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis|14 parishes]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰይንት ሉሻ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Saint Lucia is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰይንት ቪንሰንትና ዘ ግረነዲንዝ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Samoa&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳሞዓ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Independent State of Samoa
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;San Marino&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳን ማሪኖ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of San Marino
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳን ቶሜ እና ፕሪንሲፔ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, [[Príncipe]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሳዑዲ አረቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
&lt;!--Sealand is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt;
&lt;!--Scotland is not a sovereign state according to the definition in the introduction of this article and should not be included--&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Senegal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሴኔጋል}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Senegal
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Serbia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰርቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Serbia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Serbia contains 2 autonomous regions, [[Vojvodina]] and [[Kosovo and Metohija]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Most of the latter is under the de facto control of the [[#Kosovo|Republic of Kosovo]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Seychelles&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሲሸልስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Seychelles
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Seychelles claims the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሴየራ ሌዎን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Sierra Leone
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Singapore&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሲንጋፖር}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Singapore
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Slovakia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስሎቫኪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Slovak Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Slovenia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስሎቬኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Slovenia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰለሞን ደሴቶች}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The Solomon Islands is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Somalia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሶማሊያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Somali Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Somalia is presently divided with its [[Transitional Federal Government|official government]] (TFG) controlling only part of the country. [[Puntland]] and [[Galmudug]] have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim that the TFG does not recognise),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last = Weller | first = Marc | coauthors = Nobbs, Katherine | title = Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts | publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press | year = 2010 | location = Philadelphia, United States | page = | url = http://books.google.com/?id=ru-DIWuuObEC | isbn = 978-0-8122-4230-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Request quotation|date=March 2011}} while [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]] has formed an unrecognised de facto state.
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Somaliland → [[#Somaliland|Somaliland]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;South Africa&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ አፍሪካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Africa
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|South Korea → [[#Korea South|Korea, Republic of]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;South Ossetia → [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;South Sudan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ ሱዳን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}South Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of South Sudan|10 states]]. Disputes [[Abyei]] with the [[#Sudan|Republic of the Sudan]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Spain&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|እስፓንያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Spain
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; Spain is divided into [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities and cities]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; Sovereignty over [[Ceuta]], [[Isla de Alborán]], [[Perejil Island|Isla Perejil]], [[Islas Chafarinas]], [[Melilla]] and [[Peñón de Alhucemas]] is disputed by [[#Morocco|Morocco]]. Sovereignty over [[Olivenza]] and [[Táliga]] is disputed by [[#Portugal|Portugal]]. Spain [[Disputed status of Gibraltar|calls for sovereignty]] over Gibraltar.&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስሪ ላንካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Formerly known as [[Ceylon]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sudan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሱዳን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of the Sudan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Sudan is a [[federation]] of [[States of Sudan|17 states]]. Disputes [[Abyei]] and [[Kafia Kingi]] with [[#South Sudan|South Sudan]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Suriname&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሱሪናም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Suriname
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Swaziland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስዋዚላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Swaziland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Sweden&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስዊድን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Sweden
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Switzerland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ስዊዘርላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Swiss Confederation
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Switzerland is a [[federation]] of [[Cantons of Switzerland|26 cantons]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Syria&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሶርያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Syrian Arab Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}[[#Israel|Israel]] occupies the [[Golan Heights]].&lt;ref name=&quot;golanocc&quot;/&gt;
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Taiwan (Republic of China) → [[#Taiwan|Taiwan]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tajikistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ታጂኪስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Tajikistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tanzania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ታንዛኒያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Republic of Tanzania
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, [[Zanzibar]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Thailand&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ታይላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Thailand
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|Timor-Leste → [[#East Timor|East Timor]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Togo&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቶጎ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Togolese Republic
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tonga&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቶንጋ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Kingdom of Tonga
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
| valign=top|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;Transnistria → [[#Transnistria|Transnistria]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;አዎ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;የለም&lt;/span&gt;
|
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ትሪኒዳድና ቶቤጎ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, [[Tobago]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tunisia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱኒዚያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Tunisia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Turkey&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱርክ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Turkey
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱርክምኒስታን}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Tuvalu&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቱቫሉ}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Tuvalu is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]].&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Uganda&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዩጋንዳ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Uganda
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Ukraine&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዩክሬን}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Ukraine contains 1 autonomous region, [[Crimea]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የተባበሩት የዓረብ ግዛቶች}}'''
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The United Arab Emirates is a [[federation]] of [[Emirates of the United Arab Emirates|7 emirates]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;United Kingdom&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}የአውሮፓ ሕብረት አባል&lt;ref name=EU group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; The United Kingdom is a [[የኮመንዌልዝ ግዛት]]&lt;ref name=realm group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; consisting of [[Countries of the United Kingdom|four countries]]: [[England]], [[Northern Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]]. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:
* {{noflag|[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]}}
* {{flag|አንጒላ}}
* {{flag|ቤርሙዳ}}
* {{flag|የብሪታንያ ሕንድ ውቅያኖስ ግዛት}} (disputed by [[#Mauritius|Mauritius]] and [[#Seychelles|Seychelles]])&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
* {{flag|ብሪቲሽ ቭርጂን ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ከይመን ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ፋልክላንድ ደሴቶች}} (disputed by [[#Argentina|Argentina]])&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
* {{flag|ጅብራልታር}} ([[Disputed status of Gibraltar|status disputed]] by [[#Spain|Spain]])
* {{flag|ሞንትሠራት}}
* {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}}
* {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}
* {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
* {{flag|British Antarctic Territory}} &lt;ref name=ANT group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; (disputed by Argentina and [[#Chile|Chile]])
The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:
* {{flag|Guernsey}}, with three dependencies:
** {{flag|Alderney}}
** {{flag|Herm}}
** {{flag|Sark}}
* {{flag|Isle of Man}}
* {{flag|Jersey}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;United States&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አሜሪካ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– United States of America
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}The United States is a [[federation]] of [[Political divisions of the United States|50 states, 1 federal district]], and the incorporated territory of [[Palmyra Atoll]]. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:
* {{flag|አሜሪካዊ ሳሞዓ}} (including [[Swains Island]], disputed by [[Tokelau]])
* {{flag|ጓም}}
* {{flag|ስሜን ማሪያና ደሴቶች}}
* {{flag|ፕዌርቶ ሪኮ}}
* {{flag|የአሜሪካ ቪርጂን ደሴቶች}}

In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: [[Baker Island]], [[Howland Island]], [[Jarvis Island]], [[Johnston Atoll]], [[Kingman Reef]], [[Midway Atoll]], [[Navassa Island]], and [[Wake Island]]. The United States also asserts claims to [[Bajo Nuevo Bank]] and [[Serranilla Bank]].&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Uruguay&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኡራጓይ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Oriental Republic of Uruguay
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኡዝቤኪስታን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Uzbekistan
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, [[Karakalpakstan]].&lt;ref name=autonomous group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Vanuatu&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቫኑዋቱ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Vanuatu
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Vatican City&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቫቲካን ከተማ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of the Vatican City
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN observer state]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Administered by the [[Holy See]], a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to [[Foreign relations of the Holy See#Bilateral relations|179 states]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html|title=Bilateral relations of the Holy See|publisher=Holy See website|accessdate=2012-06-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Holy See is a permanent observer of the UN in the category of &quot;Non-member State&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Non-member States and Entities |url=http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=30 August 2010|date=29 February 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; and a member of the [[IAEA]], [[ITU]], [[UPU]], and [[WIPO]]. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the [[Pope]], who is the Bishop of the Archdiocese of Rome and ''ex officio'' sovereign of Vatican City. The Holy See also administers a number of [[Properties of the Holy See|extraterritorial properties]] in [[#Italy|Italy]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Venezuela&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቬኔዝዌላ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Venezuela is a [[federation]] of [[States of Venezuela|23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Vietnam&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ቬት ናም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}Vietnam claims sovereignty over the [[Paracel Islands|Paracel]]&lt;ref name=Paracel group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt; and [[Spratly Islands]].&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=dis /&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Yemen&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የመን}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Yemen
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Zambia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዛምቢያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Zambia
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ዚምባብዌ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Zimbabwe
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; አዎ
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም
{{extent}}
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↑ [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] and [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer states]] ↑
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:White;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;AB&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↓ Other states ↓
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D AAA&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|{{Anchor|Other states}}
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Abkhazia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አብካዚያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Abkhazia
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Recognised by]] Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Tuvalu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mfaabkhazia.net/en/node/1082 |title=On the establishment of diplomatic relations between Republic of Abkhazia and Tuvalu. &amp;#124; The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Abkhazia |publisher=Mfaabkhazia.net |date= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vanuatu, Venezuela,&lt;ref name=&quot;STPETTIMES&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Chavez Backs Abkhazia, South Ossetia|url=http://www.times.spb.ru/index.php?action_id=2&amp;story_id=32067|newspaper=St. Petersburg Times| date=27 July 2010|accessdate=5 June 2011|agency=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; South Ossetia and Transnistria.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|language=Russian|date=2006-11-17|accessdate=2011-06-05|title=Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Azawad&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አዛዋድ}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MALI}}
{{extent}}Independence from Mali declared on 6 April 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mnlamov.net/component/content/article/169-declaration-dindependance-de-lazawad.html|title=Déclaration D’Indépendance de L'Azawad|date=2012-04-06|accessdate=2012-04-06|publisher=[[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]|archivedate=2012-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018123246/http://www.mnlamov.net/component/content/article/169-declaration-dindependance-de-lazawad.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; No recognitions have been given.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Cook Islands&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኩክ ደሴቶች}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም

{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[#N|New Zealand]], recognized by Japan,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.meiji.ac.jp/cip/english/about/news/2011/glqts000000005qk.html|date=2011-06-22|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Lecture by Prime Minister Puna of the Cook Islands -State recognition of the Cook Islands to lead to furthering cooperation|publisher=Meiji University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netherlands&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/h577a.htm|date=2011-08-17|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Cook Islands and the Netherlands establish Diplomatic Relations|publisher=The Cook Islands Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt; and China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinaembassy.org.nz/eng/kkqd/t39446.htm|date=2003-10-27|accessdate=2012-01-14|title=Joint Communique Between the People's Republic of China and the Cook Islands on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations|publisher=The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in New Zealand}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;/&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Kosovo&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኮሶቮ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Kosovo
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SERBIA}}
{{extent}}Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in 2008 and it has {{Numrec|Kos|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[Republic of China]]. Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo is formally under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]]. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|አርጻኽ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Artsakh
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|AZERBAIJAN}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Krüger, Heiko|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7JDCQu-Us8sC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA55#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|page=55|publisher=Springer|year=2010|isbn=978-3-642-11787-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes|title=Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan|url=http://www.huliq.com/1/803-kosovo-ruling-implications-armenia-and-azerbaijan|newspaper=HULIQ.com|publisher=Hareyan Publishing, LLC|month=August|year=2010|accessdate=2011-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Nagorno-Karabakh|recognised only by]] [[Abkhazia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;&gt;[http://ararat-online.ru/news/984-2025-vice-spiker-parlamenta-abxazii-vybory-v-nkr-sootvetstvuyut-vsem-mezhdunarodnym-standartam.html Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам]: &quot;Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой&quot;, - сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... &quot;...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики...&quot; - сказал он.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[South Ossetia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;/&gt; and [[Transnistria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NKRrecognition&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;transgovt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html|title=In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie|publisher=[[Pridnestrovie]]|date=2010-05-26|accessdate=2010-06-29|archivedate=2008-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511144044/http://pridnestrovie.net/foreignpolicy_full.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Claimed in whole by [[አዘርባይጃን]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3658938.stm Regions and territories'': Nagorno-Karabakh] (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Niue&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ኒዌ}}'''
|style=&quot;background-color:LemonChiffon&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of some [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]]
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; የለም

{{extent}}A state in [[Associated state|free association]] with [[#N|New Zealand]], recognized by China.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lt.china-embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t391353.htm|date=2007-12-19|accessdate=2012-02-07|title=Joint Comminuque on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Niue and the People's Republic of China|publisher=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Lithuania}}&lt;/ref&gt; Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.&lt;ref name=&quot;untreaty1&quot;/&gt; It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሰሜን ቆጵሮስ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;| Claimed by [[Cyprus]]
{{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[#Turkey|Turkey]]. It has participated as an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] under the name &quot;Turkish Cypriot State&quot; since 1979. In addition, the [[Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]] regards TRNC as sovereign but [[#Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] has not followed suit.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].&lt;ref&gt;See [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html The World Factbook|Cyprus] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html |date=20181226020655 }} (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Palestine&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flagcountry|ፍልስጤም}}'''&amp;nbsp;– State of Palestine
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Member of one [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agency]]
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|ISRAEL}}
{{extent}}The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from {{Numrec|Pal}} states.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Palestine Liberation Organization|title=Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=5|publisher=Negotiations Affairs Department|accessdate=2011-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on the territory that it proclaimed.&lt;ref&gt;See the following on statehood criteria:
* {{Citation|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 March 2010|publisher=30 March 2010|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} &quot;...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention...&quot;; &quot;...the fact that a majority of states have recognized Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice&quot;.
* {{Citation|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:|archivedate=2011-07-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&amp;context=sulr&amp;sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22}} &quot;It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory&quot;.
* {{Citation|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&amp;crawlid=1&amp;doctype=cite&amp;docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&amp;srctype=smi&amp;srcid=3B15&amp;key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} &quot;Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Palestinian National Authority]] is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]] that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the [[Palestinian territories]]. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], which has permanent observer status at the United Nations General Assembly as a non-member entity.&lt;ref name=&quot;unnms&quot;/&gt; The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|title=Arab States: Palestine|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/worldwide/arab-states/palestine/|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=3 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;SADR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የሳህራ አረብ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሬፑብሊክ}}'''
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MOROCCO}}
{{extent}}Recognised by [[Legal status of Western Sahara#States recognizing the SADR|84 other states]]. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]] and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 [[Asian-African Conference]]. The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of [[Western Sahara]] to the west of the [[Wall (Western Sahara)|Moroccan Wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[#Algeria|Algeria]].
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Somaliland&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ሶማሊላንድ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of Somaliland
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|SOMALIA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=International Crisis Group|title=Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership|journal=Africa Report|issue=110|pages=10–13|date=23 May 2006|url=http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf|accessdate=2011-04-19|archivedate=2011-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720022321/http://www.operationspaix.net/IMG/pdf/ICG_Somaliland_AU_Leadership_2006-05-23_.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Mesfin, Berouk|coauthors=|title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland|journal=ISS Paper|issue=200|page=8|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|month=September|year=2009|url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2009/403/P200.pdf|accessdate=2011-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Arieff, Alexis|title=De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|journal=Yale Journal of International Affairs|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|accessdate=2011-04-17|archivedate=2011-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not diplomatically recognised by]] any other state, claimed in whole by the [[#Somali Republic|Somali Republic]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/3794847.stm Regions and territories'': Somaliland] (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;South Ossetia&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ደቡብ ኦሴቲያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of South Ossetia
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|GEORGIA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=http://centreforforeignpolicystudies.dal.ca/pdf/gradsymp09/Jansen.pdf|journal=Geopolitics vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,&lt;ref name=&quot;STPETTIMES&quot; /&gt; Abkhazia and Transnistria.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC /&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cnnAbSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=2008-08-26|accessdate=2008-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Taiwan&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ|name=Taiwan}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Republic of China&lt;ref name=&quot;ChinaTaiwan&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;/&gt;
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; Former UN member state;
Participant in some UN related organizations as &quot;Chinese Taipei&quot;
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|PRC}}
{{extent}}A state competing for recognition with the [[People's Republic of China]] as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of [[Taiwan]] and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the [[Spratly Islands]],&lt;ref name=Spratly group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot; /&gt; and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=2008-10-08 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China is recognised by {{Numrec|ROC|asof=E||states}}, including the Holy See. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;&gt;In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Communist Party of China]] (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in [[Taipei]]. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] currently under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative]] of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as &quot;[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]&quot;. The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China participates in the [[World Health Organization]] and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the [[World Trade Organization]], [[International Olympic Committee]] and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly &quot;[[Chinese Taipei]]&quot;. The Republic of China enjoyed UN membership from 1945 to 1971.
|-
|valign=top|&lt;span id=&quot;Transnistria&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'''{{flag|ትራንስኒስትሪያ}}'''&amp;nbsp;– Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester)
| style=&quot;background:LemonChiffon;&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt; No membership
| style=&quot;background:LightCoral;&quot;|{{claimedby|MOLDOVA}}
{{extent}}A de facto independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] Abkhazia and South Ossetia.&lt;ref name=ASOTREC /&gt; Claimed in whole by [[#Moldova|Moldova]] as the ''Territorial Unit of Transnistria''.&lt;ref&gt;'See [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/3641826.stm Regions and territories'': Trans-Dniester] (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:Lightgrey;&quot; class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;↑ Other states ↑
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;D ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|- style=&quot;background:Darkgrey;&quot;
|align=center|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;ZZZZ&lt;/span&gt;
|
|}

==Criteria for inclusion==
The dominant [[customary international law]] standard of statehood is the [[Sovereign state#Declarative theory|declarative theory of statehood]] that defines the state as a person of international law if it &quot;possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.&quot; Debate exists on the degree to which [[Diplomatic recognition|recognition]] should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the [[Montevideo Convention]], argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the [[Sovereign state#Constitutive theory|constitutive theory of statehood]] defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognized as [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:
* (a) have declared independence and are often regarded as having control over a permanently populated territory
or
* (b) are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one other sovereign state

Note that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 207 entities:&lt;ref&gt;The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;micros&quot; group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;The non-state sovereign entity [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Order of Malta]] is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be [[micronation]]s are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all [[uncontacted people]]s, either who live in [[Stateless society|societies that cannot be defined as states]] or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 203 states recognized by at least one [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member state]]
* Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are recognized only by non-UN member states: [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]], [[Transnistria]]
* Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are not recognized by any other state: [[Azawad]], [[Somaliland]]

==ነጥቦች==
{{Reflist|group=&quot;ነጥብ&quot;|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|group=&quot;Note&quot;|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Bibliography==
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* {{cite web|title=Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm|publisher=Statistics Division, United Nations|date=1 April 2010}}
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* {{cite web|title=List of countries, territories and currencies|url=http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm|publisher=Publications Office of the European Union|date=4 May 2010}}
* {{cite web|last=Madore|first=David|title=How many countries are there in the world?|url=http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/countries.html|work=Madore.org|date=3 August 2003}}
* {{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=United States|year=2010|accessdate=2012-07-07|archivedate=2008-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812233855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://books.google.com/?id=NYszJtC66FAC&amp;pg=PA161&amp;dq=%22official+name%22+palestine&amp;q=%22official%20name%22%20palestine |page=161 |title=Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report |author=World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce |edition=27th |location=London |publisher=Kogan Page |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7494-4066-4 |oclc=51992589}}

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{{መዋቅር-ብሔር}}

[[መደብ:የኢትዮጵያ ብሔሮች]]


ዘ- '''ሐበሻ ማህበረሰብ''' ወይም ዘ- '''ሐበሻ''' ( '''የግእዝ''' ስክሪፕት - '''ሀበሻ''' ፣ ሀበሻ ፣ ሀበሻ ፣ '''ሀበሻ''' ፣ ሃበሻ ፣ በሮማኒዝያ የተያዙ ፣ ሀቢሻ ፣ Ḥäbäša, ''Häbäša, Habäša, Abesha; Habesha'' ) አንድ የጎሳ  ባህላዊ ማህበረሰብ ቀጣይነት ያለው የተለያዩ እና እርስ በእርስ የሚዛመዱ ባህሎች እና ትውልደ ኢትዮጵያዊ እና ኤርትራዊ የትውልድ ልዩ ልዩ ትርጉሞች በጣም የተለመደው ዘመናዊ ትርጉም  በ endonym መካከል '''ሐበሻ''' ( በግዕዝ ስክሪፕት : '''ሐበሻ''' ) መጥበሻ-የዘር እና &quot;supra-ብሔራዊ&quot; መሆን  የተለያዩ ሕዝቦች, ባህሎች እና ምርቶች ጋር ተለይቶ ቃል ኢትዮጵያ ,ኤርትራ , በሕይወት እና ምንም ይሁን የመኖሪያ ዜግነት ወይም አገር, በውጭ ህይወታቸውን ለማዘጋጀት የነበሩ ኢትዮጵያውያን የኤርትራ እና የኢትዮጵያ ተወላጅ ያለውን የዘር እነዚህ አገሮች ሁለቱም ይመሰርታሉ ቡድኖች, እና ሰዎች. በባህሪያቸው የተገናኙ ባህላዊና ታሪካዊ የጋራዎቻቸውን ለመሰየም እንደ ቃል ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል ፡፡  መደበኛ ቅንብሮች ውስጥ '''ኢትዮጵያዊያን''' እና '''ኤርትራዊያን''' ስም መጠቀም '''ሐበሻ''' ( በግዕዝ ስክሪፕት : '''ሐበሻ''' ) በየራሳቸው አገሮች ስፍራ 'እና ብሔራዊ አመጣጥ' demonym  . 
 
=== ተዛማጅ ውሎች ===

==== ሀበሻት ====
የሚለው ቃል '''Habeshat''' (በግዕዝ: '''ሐበሻይት''' ) ወይም '''Habeshat ሕዝቦች''' , ተመሳሳይ ቃል ነው እንጂ በአጠቃላይ ብቻ የተወሰነ ነው እናም በአብዛኛው ብቻ ተፈጻሚ ሲናገር-Ethiosemitic (እና አንዳንድ ጉዳዮች ላይ የመካከለኛው የሴሚቲክ (Agaw) -speaking )  ውስጥ የጎሳ ቡድኖች ወደ ዝርያ ናቸው ተብሎ ይታመናል ማን በሰሜን ኢትዮጵያ እና ኤርትራ, ያለውን ደጋማ Ag'azi ሰዎች ወደ ውስጥ አክሱም መንግሥት  በ Aksumite ከወደቀ በኋላ ሰሜን-ማዕከላዊ ኢትዮጵያ / ኤርትራ ውስጥ እልባት ራቅ በመሃል ወደ ምዕራብ ሲጓዙ የነበሩ ኢምፓየር  (እና በተወሰኑ ጉዳዮች ላይ የአገው ህዝብ እ.ኤ.አ.Zagaw Kigdom በፖለቲካው ዘሮች የት በሰሜን ማዕከላዊ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ማዕከል Ag'azi መኖር)  ; የትርፍ ሰዓት ሀበሻት ተመሳሳይ እና የተለያዩ ቋንቋዎችን ወደ ሚናገሩ በርካታ የተለያዩ ግን ተቀራራቢ ብሄረሰቦች ተከፋፈለ  ።

==== አል-ሀበሽ ፣ ሀቢሺ ፣ አል-ሀበሻ እና ሀበሺስታን ====
'''አል-ሐበሽ''' የሚለው ቃል ( አረብኛ ፦ الهباش ፣ romanzazed &lt;small&gt;:  &lt;/small&gt;''አል-'' ሐባሽ ) የሚለው ስም በአፍሪካ ቀንድ ውስጥ የሚገኝ የዛሬይቱ ኤርትራ ፣ ኢትዮጵያ እና የከፍታ አካባቢዎችን ያተኮረ እና የተካተተ የጥንት አካባቢ ነዋሪ ስም ነው ፡ ከክልሉ ውጭ ያሉ አካባቢዎች (ወደ ሶማሊያ እና ጅቡቲ የሚዘልቁ አንዳንድ ምንጮች እንደሚሉት)  ቃሉ የተወሰደው ዘ-ሐበሻ ከሚለው ቃል ነው ፡ (የ እንደ የተለያዩ ሃይላንድ Habeshat ቡድኖች የግዛት መስፋፋት ጋር አማራ እና ትግራይ ከሰሜን እና እየመጣ) ኦሮሞ እና ሌሎች ያልሆኑ ሃይላንድ ቀንድ አፍሪካደቡብ የሚመጡ ቡድኖች አጎራባች አከባቢዎችን ሲያሸንፉ (ሁለቱም በመጨረሻ ወደ ደቡብ እየሰፉ) ፡፡ በክልሎች መስፋፋት እና የህብረተሰቦች ውህደት ምክንያት አል-ሀበሽ ፣ ሀበሻ እና የግሪክ ተመሳሳይ “ኢትዮጵያዊ” የሚሉት ቃላት በአዲሶቹ ግዛቶች እና ነዋሪዎ over ላይ ተስፋፍተዋል  በኋላ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ ግዛት ተለውጠው ( ምዕራባውያኑ አቢሲኒያ ብለው ይጠሩት ነበር) ፡ )  እና የሐበሻ ማህበረሰብ። የሚለው ቃል '''Habishi''' ( በአረብኛ : حبيشي , &lt;small&gt;romanized:  &lt;/small&gt;''Ḥabīshī'' ) ታሪክ ሲጠቀሙ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝብ demonym ሆኖ ጥቅም ላይ በመላው ያለው በአረብኛ ቋንቋ ውስጥ,የቱርክ ቋንቋየኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ አገሮች በታሪክ ተብለው ቆይተዋል '''Habeshistan''' ( ቱርክኛ : '''''Habeşistan''' , &lt;small&gt;: romanized&lt;/small&gt; Habeshistan'' እና ውስጥ) በአረብኛ ቋንቋ አቻውን እነርሱ ከታሪክ ተብሎ refed ቆይተዋል '''አል-ሐበሻ''' ( በአረብኛ : الحبشة , &lt;small&gt;romanized:  &lt;/small&gt;''አሌ- ዘ-ሐበሻ'' )  በሁለቱም ቃላት ከሥነ- መለኮታዊነት ጋር ከሐበሻ ስም ጋር የሚዛመድ ( ገእዝ ስክሪፕት ሀበሻ)።

==== አቢሲኒያ ፣ አቢሲኒያ እና አቢሲኒያ ሕዝቦች ====
የምዕራባውያኑ በአል-ሐበሽ ከሚለው ሙስና ወይም የተሳሳተ አጠራር የሚወጣው '''የአቢሲኒያ''' ፣ '''የአቢሲኒያ''' እና '''የአቢሲኒያ ሕዝቦች''' ውሎች በአንዳንድ የኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ጸሐፊዎች “ሀበሻ” ፣ “ሀበሻት” ፣ “ቃላት” መካከል ግራ መጋባትን ስለሚፈጥር አንዳንድ የኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ጸሐፊዎች አከራካሪ ሆነው ይታያሉ ፡ አል-Habesh, &quot;እና demonymየኢትዮጵያ ኢምፓየር ዜጎች (በአወዛጋቢነት አቢሲኒያ በመባልም ይታወቃል) ፡፡ የታሪክ ምሁራን ኢቫ ፖሉሃ እና እሌሁ ፈለቀ እንደሚሉት ኢትዮጵያ እና አቢሲኒያ በሚሉት ስሞች መካከል የተደረገው ልዩነት (የሀበሻ ሙስና ወይም የተሳሳተ አጠራር) ሰው ሰራሽ ነው እናም በወቅቱ ያልነበረ ወይም በኢትዮጵያ ግዛት ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ያልዋለ ፣ አቢሲኒያ ይላሉ ፡፡ &quot;ከአረብኛ ስም&quot; አል-ሐበሽ የተገኘ የአውሮፓ ፍጥረት ነው። በሌላ አገላለጽ '''አቢሲኒያን''' እና ተዋጽኦዎቹ የሚለው ቃል በሀበሻ ኮሚኒቲ እና በአሁኑ የኢትዮ andያ እና የኤርትራ የኢትዮጵያ ግዛት ህዝቦች መካከል “ሰው ሰራሽ” ልዩነት እንዲኖር የሚያደርጉ ተወዳጅ ያልሆኑ የውጭ ቃላት ናቸው ፡ 

==== የኢትዮጵያ እና የሐበሻ ውሎች አመጣጥ ====
የ Monumentum Adulitanum , ወደ ንብረት ሦስተኛ ክፍለ ዘመን የተቀረጸ ጽሑፍ Aksumite ግዛት , አክሱም ዎቹ ከዚያም ገዥ ኢትዮጵያ እና Sasu ክልል በኩል ወደ ምዕራብ ወደ የታጀበ ነበር ይህም አካባቢ የሚገዛ መሆኑን ያመለክታል. የአክሱማዊው ንጉስ ኢዛና በቀጣዩ ምዕተ ዓመት ኑቢያን ያሸንፍ ነበር ፣ እናም አክሱማውያን ከዚያ በኋላ በግሪክ ቋንቋ ሲጽፉ “ኢትዮጵያውያን” የሚል ስያሜ ለራሳቸው መንግሥት አደረጉ ፡ ውስጥ በግዕዝ ቋንቋ ስለ ኢዛና የተቀረጸው ስሪት, Aἰθιόποι ወደ unvocalized ጋር እኩል ነው ''Ḥbšt'' እና '''''Ḥbśt''''' ( '''Ḥabashat''') ፣ እና የግእዝ እና ሳቢክ ቋንቋ ሲጽፉ ወይም ሲናገሩ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የአክሱም ደጋማ ነዋሪዎች ያመለክታሉ። ይህ አዲስ demonym በቀጣይነትም እንደ ሊተረጎም ነበር '''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' ''ḥbs''''' ( '''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' አህባሽ''' ውስጥ) Sabaic እና አሌ-እንደ ''Ḥabasha'' ውስጥ በአረብኛ ውስጥ የተተረጎመው, በግዕዝ ስክሪፕት (ሓበሻ, ሐበሻ, ሀበሻ, ወይም ሃበሻ የሐበሻ ሆኖ; romanized: Ḥabäša, Ḥäbäša, Häbäša, የግሪክ »ከ Habäša) '''Aἰθιόποι''' &quot;, romanized: '''''Aithiops''' ( &quot; '''የኢትዮጵያ''' )&quot;'' ),  ዛሬ ኢትዮጵያ የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ የ ዘመናዊ አገር ያመለክታል ሳለ '''ሐበሻ''' ( በግዕዝ ስክሪፕት :መደበኛ ባልሆኑ ሁኔታዎች ውስጥ '''ኢትዮጵያውያን''' እና '''ኤርትራዊያን'''በየአገሮቻቸው ምትክ እና ብሄራዊ አመጣጣቸው አጋንንታዊ በሆኑ ርዕሶች ለሁለቱም ሀገሮች እና ባህሎች ወይም ከዚያ '''ለሚነሱ''' ነገሮች ያገለግላሉ ፡ 

=== ታሪክ ===
የአክሱማይት መንግሥት በሥልጣኑ ከፍተኛ ደረጃ ላይ እያለ በአሁኑ ጊዜ የኢትዮጵያ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች ፣ የኤርትራን እና የደቡባዊ አረብን የባህር ዳርቻዎች ግዛቶችን የሚቆጣጠር እጅግ በጣም ክርስቲያናዊ መንግሥት ነበር ፡  የአክሱማዊው መንግሥት የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ቤተክርስቲያን ለሆነው የሃይማኖት እንቅስቃሴ እድገት ተጠያቂ ነበር ፡  ሆኖም በ 7 ኛው ክፍለዘመን የእስልምና መስፋፋት የአክሱማይት መንግሥት ማሽቆልቆልን አስከትሎ አብዛኛው ቆላማ ህዝብ እስልምናን የተቀበለ ሲሆን የደጋው ህዝብ ደግሞ ክርስትያን ሆኖ ቆይቷል ፡ የአኩሱማውያን ህዝብ በክርስቲያን ደጋማ አካባቢዎች እና በእስላማዊ ቆላማዎች መካከል ተከፋፍሎ ስለነበረ የሃይማኖትና የጎሳ ውዝግቦች እና በሕዝቡ መካከል ያለው ፉክክር ተፋፋመ ፡፡  የአኩሱማውያን ህብረተሰብ የአክሱም ቋንቋን ጠብቆ ወደቆየ የከተማ-ግዛቶች ልቅ ኮንፌዴሬሽን ተቀየረ ፡ 

በሙስሊሞች ከፍተኛ ፉክክር የተነሳው የባህር ንግድ በመቀነሱ እና የአየር ንብረትን በመቀየር ምክንያት ከአክሱም ውድቀት በኋላ የመንግሥቱ የኃይል መሠረት ወደ ደቡብ ተዛውሮ ዋና ከተማዋን ወደ ኩባር (አገው አቅራቢያ) አዛወረ ፡፡ ወደ ደቡብ ተዛወሩ ምክንያቱም ምንም እንኳን የአክሱም መንግሥት የመካ ገዥ ቤተሰቦች ስደት ለማምለጥ በስደተኝነት የመጡትን የነቢዩ ሙሐመድን ጓደኞች ወደ ኢትዮጵያ ተቀብሎ ቢጠብቅም የነብዩንም ወዳጅነትና አክብሮት አግኝቷል ፡፡ የደቡብ አረብያውያን በአዱሊስ ወደብ በኩል ዳህላክ ደሴቶችን በመውረር እና ለጥፋት የበለፀገው የአክሱማይት መንግሥት ኢኮኖሚያዊ አከርካሪ በሆነው ጊዜ ሲያጠፉ ጓደኝነታቸው ተበላሸ ፡፡ ከሁለተኛው ወርቃማ ዘመን በኋላ በ 6 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መጀመሪያ ላይ  የአኩሱማዊው መንግሥት በ 6 ኛው መቶ ዘመን አጋማሽ ማሽቆልቆል ጀመረ ፣ በመጨረሻም በ 7 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መጀመሪያ ላይ ሳንቲሞችን ማምረት አቆመ ፡፡ በዚህ በዚሁ ጊዜ አካባቢ, ወደ Aksumite ህዝብ ወደ ላይ በመሃል ርቀት ለመሄድ ተገደደ ደጋማ ዋና እንደ አክሱም ትተው ጥበቃ. የዚያን ጊዜ የአረብ ጸሐፊዎች አብዛኛዎቹን የባህር ዳርቻዎችን እና ገባር ወንዞቻቸውን መቆጣጠር ቢያጡም ኢትዮጵያን (ከእንግዲህ አክሱም እየተባለ አይጠራም) ሰፊ እና ኃያል መንግስት መሆናቸውን መግለጻቸውን ቀጠሉ ፡፡ በሰሜኑ መሬት ጠፍቶ እያለ በደቡብ ተገኘ; ምንም እንኳን ኢትዮጵያ ከአሁን በኋላ የኢኮኖሚ ኃይል ባትሆንም አሁንም የአረብ ነጋዴዎችን ሳበች ፡፡ ምናልባት ዋና ከተማው ወደ አዲስ ቦታ ተዛወረ ፣ ምንም እንኳን በአሁኑ ሰዓት ያልታወቀ ኩባር ወይም ጃርሚ ተባለ ፡፡ 

የግዛት ስር Degna Djan , በ 10 ኛው መቶ ዘመን, በ ግዛት ደቡብ እየሰፋ ሄደ, እና ዘመናዊ-ቀን አካባቢ ወደ ወታደሮችን ላኩ ከፋ ,  Angot እና ወደ በተመሳሳይ ጊዜ የግዴታ ሚስዮናዊ እንቅስቃሴ ላይ ሳለ አማራ .

የአከባቢው ታሪክ እንደሚናገረው ወደ 960 ገደማ ዮዲት (ዮዲት) ወይም “ ጉዲት ” የምትባል አንዲት አይሁዳዊት ንግሥት ግዛቱን ድል በማድረግ አብያተ ክርስቲያናትንና ሥነ ጽሑፍን አቃጠለች ፡ በዚህ ጊዜ አካባቢ አብያተ ክርስቲያናት የተቃጠሉ እና ወረራ መኖሩ ማስረጃዎች ቢኖሩም ፣ መኖሯ በአንዳንድ ምዕራባውያን ደራሲያን ጥያቄ ተነስቷል ፡፡ ሌላው አማራጭ ደግሞ የአኩሱማውያን ስልጣን ባኒ አል-ሀምዋህ በተባለች የደቡብ አረማዊ ንግስት የተጠናቀቀ ሲሆን ምናልባትም ከጎሳ አል ዳሙታ ወይም ከሲዳማ ህዝብ ዳሞቲ ሊሆን ይችላል ፡ ከዘመናዊ ምንጮች በግልጽ ለመረዳት እንደሚቻለው አንዲት ሴት ነጣቂ በዚህ ጊዜ ሀገሪቱን እንደገዛች እና የእሷ አገዛዝ ከ 1003 በፊት የተወሰነ ጊዜ እንደጨረሰ ከአጭር የጨለማ ዘመን በኋላ የአኩሱማዊው ግዛት በአገው ዛግዌ ሥርወ መንግሥት ተተካ ፡በ 11 ኛው ወይም በ 12 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን (ምናልባትም በ 1137 ገደማ) ምንም እንኳን በመጠን እና በመጠን ውስን ቢሆንም ፡፡ ሆኖም የመጨረሻውን የዛግዌ ንጉስን የገደለውና የዘመናዊውን የሰሎሞናዊ ስርወ-መንግስት በ 1270 አካባቢ የመሰረተው ያኩኖ አምላክ የትውልዱን እና የመጨረሻውን የአክሱም ንጉስ ዲል ናኦድን የመግዛት መብቱን ተከታትሏል ፡ የአክሱማይት ኢምፓየር መጨረሻ የአክሱማዊ ባህል እና ወጎች ማለቂያ አለመሆኑን መጥቀስ አለበት ፡፡ ለምሳሌ የዛግዌ ሥርወ መንግሥት በላሊበላ እና በየምርሃና ክሬዎስ ቤተ-ክርስትያን ኪነ-ህንፃ ከባድ የአኩሱማዊ ተፅእኖን ያሳያል ፡ 

አክሱም በቅርቡ የተፈጠረውን በመፍራት ዋናውን ወደ አገው አቅራቢያ አዛወረች በአስራ ስድስተኛው ክፍለዘመን አጋማሽ በሐረር መሪ አህመድ ግራኝ የተመራው የአዳል Sultanልጣን ጦር ''“የሀበሻ ድል”'' በመባል በሚጠራው ስፍራ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ ደጋዎች ወረረ ፡  የግራግንን ወረራ ተከትሎ የደቡባዊው የኢምፓየር ክፍል ለኢትዮጵያ ጠፍቶ እንደ ጉራጌ ህዝብ ያሉ በርካታ ቡድኖችን ከተቀረው የአቢሲኒያ ክፍል ተቆርጧል ፡ በአሥራ ስድስተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መገባደጃ ላይ ዘላን የኦሮሞ ህዝብ በኦሮሞ ፍልሰቶች ወቅት ሰፋፊ ግዛቶችን በተያዙ የአቢሲኒያ ሜዳዎች ውስጥ ዘልቆ ገባ ፡ የአቢሲኒያ የጦር አበጋዞች ብዙውን ጊዜ ለግዛቱ የበላይነት እርስ በርሳቸው ይወዳደራሉ ፡፡ አማራዎች የላስታውን የአገው ጌቶች ድል ​​ካደረጉ በኋላ በ 1270 የጥንታዊት ቤተ አማራ ይኩኖ አምላክን የበላይነት ያገኙ ይመስላል ፡

ከ 16 ኛው መቶ ክፍለዘመን ጀምሮ የአቢሲኒያ ንጉሣዊ መኳንንት እና ሥነ-ስርዓት ማዕከል የሆነው የጎንደሬው ሥርወ-መንግሥት ታላቁ እያሱ በመባል የሚታወቀው ቀዳማዊ እያሱ መገደልን ተከትሎ ኃይለኛ የክልል ጌቶች በመፈጠራቸው በመጨረሻ ተጽዕኖውን አጡ ፡ የሥርወ መንግስቱ ክብር ማሽቆልቆል ወደ ዘመነ መሳፍንት (“ ዘመነ መሳፍንት”) የግማሽ-ስርዓት አልበኝነት ዘመን አስከተለ ፣ ተቀናቃኝ የጦር አበጋዞች ለሥልጣን ''ሲታገሉ'' እና ''የየጁ'' ኦሮሞ እንደራሴ ''ኤንሬሴስ'' (“ ''ሬጀንትስ'' ”) ውጤታማ ቁጥጥር እንዲኖር አድርጓል ፡ የ ንጉሠ figureheads እንዲሆኑ ተደርገው ነበር. ካሳ ኃይሌ ጊዮርጊስ የተባለ አ Emperor ቴዎድሮስ ተብሎ የሚጠራው ወጣት ''ዘመነ መሳፍንት'' እስኪያበቃ ድረስተቀናቃኞቹን ሁሉ በማሸነፍ እና በ 1855 ዙፋኑን በመያዝ የትግራይ ተወላጆች በ 1872 በዮሐንስ አራተኛ ማንነት ወደ ዙፋኑ የተመለሱት በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ ሲሆን በ 1889 መሞታቸው የስልጣን መሰረታቸው ቀደም ሲል ወደ ተናጋሪው የአማርኛ ተናጋሪ ቁንጮዎች እንዲመለስ ምክንያት ሆኗል ፡ ወደ ጁጁ ኦሮሞ እና ትግራዋይ አገዛዝ። የእሱ ተተኪ ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ የአማራ ተወላጅ ንጉሠ ነገሥት ሥልጣኑን ተቆጣጠረ ፡ መንግስታት ሊግ 1935 ላይ ሪፖርት የማይመለስ አቢሲኒያ-ትክክለኛ አገሮች ወደ ምኒልክ ሠራዊት ወረራ በኋላ ሶማሌዎች , የሐረሪ , የደቡብ የኦሮሞ , የሲዳማ , Shanqellaወዘተ ፣ ነዋሪዎቹ በባርበር-ፊውዳል ስርዓት ወደ ህዝብ መጨፍጨፍ በባርነት እና በከፍተኛ ግብር ተጭነዋል ፡፡ 

በቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ የተጠናቀቀው በሰለሞናዊው የአ peዎች መስመር የተወከለው አንዳንድ ምሁራን አማራውን ለዘመናት የኢትዮጵያ ገዥ የበላይ አካል አድርገው ይቆጥሩታል ፡ ሌሎች ብሄረሰቦች ሁል ጊዜ በአገሪቱ ፖለቲካ ውስጥ ንቁ ተሳትፎ እንዳላቸው በማራኮስ ለማርኮስ ለማ እና ሌሎች ምሁራን የዚህ አይነቱን መግለጫ ትክክለኛነት ይከራከራሉ ፡፡ ይህ ግራ መጋባት በአብዛኛው ሁሉ mislabeling ጉድለትም ሊመጣ ይችላል Amharic-ተናጋሪዎች እነሱ የተለየ ጎሳ ቡድን ነበር እንኳ &quot;አማራ&quot;, እና ከሌሎች የጎሳ ቡድኖች የመጡ ብዙ ሰዎች የአማርኛ ተግብረናል እውነታ እንደ ስሞች . ሌላው የመጨረሻው ኢትዮጵያዊ ነኝ ባዩ ንጉሠ ነገሥት ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ እና እቴጌ እቴጌ መነን አስፋው ጨምሮ አብዛኛው ኢትዮጵያዊ የዘር ሐረግን ከበርካታ ጎሳዎች ማግኘት ይችላል የሚለው ነው ፡ስለ Ambassel ሁለቱም አማራ እና ኦሮሞ linage ያለው ነው. 

የኦሮሞ ፍልሰቶች የተከሰቱት ከደቡብ ምስራቅ የኢምፓየር አውራጃዎች በርካታ አርብቶ አደር ህዝብ በማንቀሳቀስ ነው ፡ የዘመኑ አካውንት ከጋሞ ክልል በመጣው መነኩሴ አባ ባህሬይ ተመዝግቧል ፡ በመቀጠልም የግዛቱ አደረጃጀት በሂደት ተቀየረ ፣ ራቅ ያሉ አውራጃዎች የበለጠ ነፃነትን ወስደዋል ፡፡ እንደ ባሌ ያለ ሩቅ አውራጃ ለመጨረሻ ጊዜ በያቆብ የግዛት ዘመን (1590-1607) የንጉሠ ነገሥቱን ዘውድ ግብር ሲሰጥ ተመዝግቧል ፡

በ 1607 በ, ኦሮሞዎች ደግሞ ጊዜ ኢምፔሪያል ፖለቲካ ውስጥ ዋና ዋና ተጫዋቾች ነበሩ ሱሰኒዮስ እኔ , በኩል አንድ ጎሳ ያሳደጉት ''gudifacha'' (ወይም የጉዲፈቻ), ኃይል ወሰደ. እርሱ የእምነት ሉባ በዕድሜ ቡድን ጄኔራሎች በ ረድቶኛል ነበር Mecha , ይልማ እና Densa በ ወሮታ ነበር, ''Rist'' የፊውዳል በአሁኑ-ቀን, አገሮች ጎጃም ወረዳዎች ተመሳሳይ ስም.

የታላቁ ኢያሱ ቀዳማዊ (1682-1706) የግዛት ዘመን የማጠናከሪያ ዋና ወቅት ነበር ፡ ኤምባሲዎች ወደ ሉዊ አሥራ አራተኛ ፈረንሳይ እና ወደ ሆላንድ ህንድ መላክም ተመልክቷል ፡ በዳግማዊ ኢያሱ የግዛት ዘመን (እ.ኤ.አ. ከ 1730 እስከ 1755) ንጉሠ ነገሥቱ ጦርነታቸውን ወደ ሰናርር ራሱ እየመሩ በነበረበት በሰቲት ወንዝ ዳር ለማሸነፍ በተገደደበት በሰናር ሱልጣኔት ላይ ጦርነት ለማካሄድ ጠንካራ ነበር ፡ ዳግማዊ ኢያሱም በአዲሱ ሥርወ መንግሥት ክብር ከተሰጣቸው በኋላ የሀባባ (የሰሜን ኤርትራ) የከንቲባ ክብርን ሰጡ ፡

የ ''Wallo'' እና ''Yejju'' ወደ ውስጥ ጎሳዎች ኦሮሞ ሕዝብ መቼ, 1755 ተደምድሟል ኃይል ይነሣል ንጉሠ ልጇ ኢዮአስ እኔ ውስጥ የንጉሠ ነገሥቱ ዙፋን አርጓል ጎንደር . እነዚህ በሚቀጥሉት ወቅት የንጉሠ ነገሥቱ ኃይል ለማግኘት ተፋላሚ ዋና አንጃዎች አንዱ ይሆናል ለምእተአመት , መቼ 1769, ጀምሮ ከምልምል , ራስ ስለ ትግራይ ገደሉት ልጇ ኢዮአስ እኔ ጋር እሱን የተካው ዮሐንስ ዳግማዊ .

ዘመናዊ የኢትዮጵያ መመሥረትና (አማራ እና ኦሮሞ ሁለቱም ጨምሮ) የ Shawan ሰዎች, በተለይም በአማራ ንጉሠ ተመርቶ ቴዎድሮስ ዳግማዊ 1855 እስከ 1868 ድረስ የሚመራ ማን ጎንደር, Yohannis አራተኛ ትግራይ ጀምሮ ነበር 1889 ወደ 1869 እስከ የሚመራ እና ቻሉ ማን, ኤርትራ ወደ ሥልጣን ለማስፋፋት እና ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ በ 1913 ወደ 1889 እስከ የሚመራ ሲሆን 1896. የጣሊያን ወረራ መለሳቸው ማን, 

1874 ጀምሮ እስከ 1876 ድረስ ባለው ግዛት ሥር ዮሐንስ አራተኛ , በ አሸንፏል የኢትዮጵያ-የግብፅ ጦርነት ቆራጥ ወደ ላይ ወራሪ ኃይሎች መምታት, Gundet መካከል ውጊያ ውስጥ, በሐማሴን (ዘመናዊ ቀን ኤርትራ ውስጥ) ጠቅላይ ግዛት. 1887 ውስጥ ስለ ምኒሊክ ንጉሥ ሸዋ ስለ በወረሩ የሐረር ኢሚሬት ወደ ላይ ድል በኋላ Chelenqo የጦርነት .

ከ 1890 ዎቹ ጀምሮ በዳግማዊ አ Emperor ምኒልክ ዘመነ መንግሥት የግዛቱ ኃይሎች ከመካከለኛው የሸዋ አውራጃ በመነሳት ግዛቱን በምዕራብ ፣ በምስራቅ እና በደቡብ በማሸነፍ በወረራ ያዙ ፡ የተዋሃዱ ግዛቶች የምዕራብ ኦሮሞን (ሻዋን ኦሮሞ ያልሆኑ) ፣ ሲዳማ ፣ ጉራጌ ፣ ወላይታ እና ዲዚ ይገኙበታል ፡፡ ከንጉሠ ነገሥቱ ወታደሮች መካከል የራስ ጎበና የሸዋን የኦሮሞ ሚሊሻዎች ነበሩ ፡ ከተዋሃዷቸው ብዙ መሬቶች በግዛቱ ግዛት ስር ሆነው አያውቁም ፣ አዲስ የተካተቱት ግዛቶችም ዘመናዊውን የኢትዮጵያ ድንበር አስከትለዋል ፡፡

ኢትዮጵያ ከሌላው አፍሪካ በተለየ መልኩ በቅኝ ግዛት ተገዝታ አታውቅም ፡፡  ኢትዮጵያ እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1922 በሊግ ኦፍ ኔሽንስ የመጀመሪያዋ ነፃ-አፍሪካ-አስተዳድር ሀገር ተብላ ተቀባይነት አግኝታ ነበር  ኢትዮጵያ ከሁለተኛው ኢታሎ-አቢሲኒያ ጦርነትበኋላ በጣሊያን ተይዛ የነበረች ቢሆንም በሁለተኛው የዓለም ጦርነት ወቅት በህብረ-ብሄሮች ነፃ ወጣች ፡ 

== ሐበሻ ፣ ሀበሻት ፣ አል-ሀበሽ ፣ ሀቢሺ ፣ አል-ሀበሻ እና ሀበሺስታን  ፣ አቢሲኒያ ፣ አቢሲኒያ እና አቢሲኒያ ሕዝቦች ==
ሐበሻ ሰዎች ( በግዕዝ : ሓበሻ, ሐበሻ, romanized: ''Ḥabäša, Ḥäbäša'' ; የአማርኛ : ሀበሻ, ሃበሻ, romanized : ''Häbäša, Habäša, የሐበሻ'' ; ትግርኛ : -, romanized: ''አበሻ'' ; እና - ሌላ ቤተኛ ስሞች -) የተለመደ ነው መጥበሻ -ethnic እና ሜታ-የዘር ቃል በጥቅሉ ለማመልከት ጥቅም ላይ ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራውያን .  አንዳንድ ጠባብ ትርጓሜዎችን, ወደ ውስጥ Ethiosemitic -speaking እና Agaw -speaking የሴሚቲክ ሕዝቦች በዋናነት ያለውን ደጋማ የሚኖሩት ኢትዮጵያእና ኤርትራ በአንድ ወቅት የሀበሻ ብሄረሰብ ብሄረሰብ ብሄራዊ ብሄረሰቦች ታሪካዊ ንጥረነገሮች እንደነበሩ በቋንቋ ፣ በባህል እና በትውልድ የተዛመዱ ብሄረሰቦች ተደርገው ይታዩ ነበር ነገር ግን በዘመናዊ አነጋገር ሀበሻ የተለያዩ የኢትዮጵያ ብሄረሰቦች ፣ ኤርትራን ያካተተ ባህላዊ ማንነት ነው ፡፡ እና በውጭ አገር በሚገኙ ዲያስፖራ ውስጥ ያሉ ዘሮቻቸው  ። የ ሐበሻ ሕዝቦች ከፍ የሚያደርጉ አብዛኞቹ ህዝብ ቡድኖች ያላቸውን ባህል እና መንግሥት ወደ የትውልድ ቢስነትና D'mt , ስለ አክሱም መንግሥት ስለ መካከል, እና የተለያዩ ተካታቾች መንግሥታት, አቻና ግዛቶች, እና ተከታይ ግዛቶች የኢትዮጵያ ግዛት(የዛሬይቱ ኤርትራ እና ኢትዮጵያ) በአፍሪካ ቀንድ ፡፡ 
 
ዘ ሐበሻ ሕዝቦች (በግዕዝ ስክሪፕት: ሐበሻ ሓበሻ, ሐበሻ, ሀበሻ, ሃበሻ, romanized: ''Ḥabäša, Ḥäbäša, Häbäša, Habäša, አበሻ ;'' - ሌላ ቤተኛ ስሞች ''-'' ወይም በ ተብሎ የተተረጎመው የግሪክኛ [እንደ]: Αἰθίοψ, romanized : ''Aithiops (! ¿¡“ኢትዮጵያዊ”! ¿¡)'' ) ፣ ሀበሻ ወይም የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ በአጠቃላይ ኢትዮጵያዊያንን እና ኤርትራዊያንን በአጠቃላይ ለመጠቅለል የሚያገለግል የተለመደ የፓን-ጎሳ እና የሜታ-ብሄረሰብ ቃል ነው  ። 

ሰፊ የሆነ የሀበሻ ባህል እና ማንነት ስሜት ከጋራ ልምዶቻቸው ፣ እርስ በእርስ በመደጋገፋቸው እና ይህን ባህላዊ ማንነታቸውን ባጠናከሩ በአዳዲስ ትውልዶች ከኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ከኤርትራውያን እና ከዲያስፖራዎች ለተወለዱ ሁሉም ህዝቦች ሁሉን ያካተተ ቃል ሆኖ ብቅ ብሏል ፡፡ የተዛመዱ ባህሎች የበላይነት በሌላቸውባቸው ስፍራዎች ከወላጆቻቸው የትውልድ አገር ውጭ በሚኖሩበት ጊዜ በዲያስፖራ የሚገኙትን የተዋሃዱ ባህሎቻቸውን ለማጠናከር እና ለማቆየት እንደ አንድ መንገድ  ፡፡ በሰሜን አሜሪካ እና በአውሮፓ በሚገኙ የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊያን ዲያስፖራዎች ሁሉንም የኢትዮጵያን እና የኤርትራን ዲያስፖራዎች እና በዲያስፖራ ውስጥ ብቅ ብለው የነበሩትን አዳዲስ የዘር ቡድኖችን ለማመልከት እንደገና ወደ አዲስ የተተወ ወይም እንደገና የታሰበ ወደ ፓን-ጎሳ ተለውጧል ፡፡ የከፍተኛ የአካል ብሄር ብሄረሰቦች ብሄራዊ መነሻዎች ፣ ብሄረሰቦች እና ዜግነት-ብሄረሰቦች (ወይም በሚኖሩባቸው እና በሚኖሩባቸው ሀገሮች ባህላዊ ማንነቶች) ውስጥ እርስ በእርስ ከተዛመዱ የተለያዩ ብሄረሰቦች አዳዲስ ስብስቦችን ያጣምራል ፡፡

በዚህ ውስጥ ነው ወደ በተቃራኒ አንዳንድ ነጥብ ላይ ብቻ የተካተተውን መሆኑን በዕድሜ ጠባብ ትርጓሜዎች Ethiosemitic -speaking እና Agaw -speaking የሴሚቲክ ሰዎች ወደ የሐበሻ የፓን-ጎሳ አካል እንደ የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ Highlandes መካከል ehtnic ቡድኖች, ነገር ግን አሁን ሐበሻ ማህበረሰብ ለማካተት በዝግመተ ለውጥ አድርጓል ሁሉም የኢትዮጵያ ብሄረሰቦች ፣ የኤርትራ ብሄረሰቦች እና ሁሉም ከኢትዮጵያ እና ከኤርትራ ዲያስፖራ የተውጣጡ የተናጠል ብሄረሰቦች ጥምረት ስብስቦች ።

ዛሬ በአብዛኞቹ የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ ባሉ ወጣቶች እና ዲያስፖራዎች ውስጥ የሀበሻ ፓን-ብሄረሰብ በአሁኑ ጊዜ ከኤርትራ እና ከኢትዮጵያ ብሄረሰቦች የተውጣጡትን እና ራሳቸውን ሀበሻ ብለው የሚጠሩትን ዲያስፖራዎቻቸውን ሁሉ እንደሚያካትት ይታሰባል ፡፡

== የማጠቃለያ ፍቺ ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;ዘ-ሐበሻ ጎሳ / ጎሳ ፣ ብሔር ፣ ወይም ዜግነት ሳይለይበት የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ቅርስ ሰዎችን የሚያመለክት ቃል ነው ፡፡ ይህ የኢትዮጵያን ፣ የኤርትራን እና በውጭ የሚኖሩ ኢትዮጵያዊ-ኤርትራዊ ዲያስፖራዎችን ያካተተ የፓን-ጎሳ ቃል ነው ፡፡

ምሳሌ-

እርስዎ ሀበሻ ነዎት? - አዎ አዎ እኔ ነኝ ፡፡

የትውልድ ሀገርዎ ምንድ ነው ወይም ቤተሰብዎ ከየት ነው? - እኔ ከፊል ኤርትራዊ አንዱም ኢትዮጵያዊ ነኝ ፡፡

እርስዎ ምን ጎሳ ነዎት? - እኔ አማራ ፣ ጉራጌ ፣ ኦሮሞ ፣ ቤታ እስራኤል (ኢትዮጵያዊ አይሁድ) ፣ ወላይታ (ወላይታ) ፣ ትግሬ ፣ ትግሬ-ትግሪኛ (ትግራዋይ) ፣ አገው ፣ አኙዋክ ፣ ካፊፊቾ ፣ ካምባጣ ፣ ኩናማ ፣ ብሌን ፣ አፋር ፣ ቤጃ ፣ ሶማሊ ፣ ጋሞዎች ፣ ዶርዜ ፣ ሀዲያ ፣ [ወይም ከሌሎቹ ማናቸውም 80 ወይም ከዚያ በላይ የሀበሻ / የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ብሄረሰቦች]። እኔ ደግሞ ኢትዮጵያዊ-አሜሪካዊ ፣ ኤርትራዊ-አሜሪካዊ ፣ ኢትዮጵያዊ-ጀርመናዊ ፣ ኢትዮጵያዊ-ካናዳዊ ፣ ኤርትራዊ-ካናዳዊ ኤርትራዊ-ስዊዘርላንድ ፣ ኤርትራዊ-ስዊድናዊ ፣ ጣሊያናዊ-ኤርትራዊ-ኢትዮጵያዊ ፣ ወይም እኔ ነኝ - (የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ) ዲያስፖራ]።

ዜግነትዎ ወይም ዜግነትዎ ምንድነው? - እኔ አሜሪካዊ (አሜሪካ) ፣ ካናዳዊ ፣ ስዊድናዊ ፣ እስራኤል ፣ ጀርመን ዜግነት ፣ ኢትዮጵያዊ ፣ ኤርትራዊ ፣ [ወይም ደግሞ ኢትዮጵያዊ ወይም ኤርትራዊ የሆነ ዝርያ ፣ ዝርያ ወይም ብሄረሰብ የሆነ ግን የሌላ ሀገር ዜግነት ያለኝ ሰው ነኝ] . &lt;/blockquote&gt;ስለሆነም ዘ-ሐበሻ የተባሉ ሰዎች ከኢትዮጵያ እና ከኤርትራ ማህበረሰብ ጋር ያላቸውን የጋራ ማንነት የሚያንፀባርቁ ስለነበሩ ሀበሻ የሚለው ቃል ኤርትራዊያንን እና ኢትዮጵያዊያንን ጨምሮ የኢትዮጵያን እና የኤርትራን ማህበረሰብ ከሚያካትቱ ሁሉም የጎሳ ብሄረሰቦች ጋር የሚገናኝ የፓን-ጎሳ የማንነት ምድብ እንደሚገልፅ ነው ፡፡


የሀበሻ ባህል እና ማንነት

ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊያን በአጠቃላይ በአጠቃላይ ‹ሀበሻ› * ብለው ይጠራሉ ፡፡ ይህ ቃል ብሄረሰብ ሳይለይ የኢትዮጵያ / ኤርትራን ልዩ ባህል እና ህዝብ ለመግለፅ የሚያገለግል ነው ፡፡ በዛሬው ጊዜ “ሀበሻ” ጎሳና ጎሳ ሳይለይ በክልሉ ያሉትን ሁሉንም ሰዎች ለመግለጽ እንደ አንድ ቃል የሚጠቀሙበት ቃል ነው ፡፡ የሀበሻ ማንነት እና ባህል ባህላቸው ከሌላው አፍሪካ የሚለይበትን መንገድ የሚያጠቃልል በመሆኑ ለብዙ ኢትዮጵያውያን እጅግ አስፈላጊ የኩራት ምንጭ ነው ፡፡

የማህበረሰብ ልዩነት

የአውስትራሊያ የኢትዮጵያ [እና ኤርትራዊ] ማህበረሰብ ከተለያዩ ብሄረሰቦች ፣ ቋንቋዎች ፣ ሀይማኖታዊ እና ባህላዊ ባህሎች የተውጣጡ ሰዎችን ጨምሮ በጣም የተለያየ ነው። የተለያየ አስተዳደግ ያላቸው ሰዎች ለብሔራዊ ክብረ በዓላት አንድ መሆን የተለመደ ነው ፡፡ በጣም አሉ የኢትዮጵያዊያንና የኤርትራዊያን መካከል ጤናማ ግንኙነት በተለይም ወጣቶች መካከል - - ያላቸውን የጋራ 'መሠረት የተቋቋመው በአውስትራሊያ ውስጥ ሃበሻ ' ማንነት (ይመልከቱ ሐበሻ ባህልና ማንነት ). ለምሳሌ የኤርትራ ማህበረሰብ ተወካዮች በሁለቱ ማህበረሰቦች መካከል ጥሩ እምነት እንዲኖራቸው ለማድረግ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ ዝግጅቶች መጋበዝ የተለመደ ነው ፡፡ ሆኖም ፣ ወደራሱ የሃይማኖት ወይም የጎሳ ማህበረሰብ የመሳብ አዝማሚያም አለ ፡፡

ሀበሻ እንደ ባህላዊ መታወቂያ የሚያመለክተው እንደ አለባበስ ፣ ሙዚቃ ፣ ምግብ ፣ ልምዶች እና የመሳሰሉት ባህላዊ ልምዶችን መጋራት ነው ፡፡ በዲያስፖራ ለሚኖሩ ሁሉ የሀበሻ ማንነት ኤርትራዊ ወይም ኢትዮጵያዊ ከመሆን ጋር የተቆራኘ ነው ፡፡ ለምሳሌ ግለሰቦች ‹ሀበሻ ነህን?› ብለው መጠየቅ የተለመደ ነው ፡፡ ኤርትራዊ ወይም ኢትዮጵያዊ ዝርያ ያላቸው የሚመስሉ የማያውቋቸውን ሰዎች በሚገናኙበት ጊዜ ከዚያ በኋላ ኢትዮጵያዊ ወይም ኤርትራዊ መሆናቸውን ለመጠየቅ ይቀጥላሉ እናም በተወሰኑ አልፎ አልፎ ከየትኛው የሐበሻ ብሔረሰብ ተወላጆች መካከል የትኛው እንደሆነ መጠየቅ ይችላል ፡፡

ግን የሀበሻ ሰዎች የግድ ተመሳሳይነት ያለው መገለጫ አያሳዩም ፣ የሀበሻ ማንነት ከጨለማ እስከ ቀላል ቆዳ ፣ የተለያዩ ባህሪዎች እና የተለያዩ የፀጉር ዓይነቶች ድረስ የተለያዩ አካላዊ ገጽታዎችን ያሳያል (ወልደሚካኤል ፣ 2005) ፡፡

የሀበሻ ህዝቦች (ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊያን) በአካላዊ ባህሪዎች እና በቆዳ ቀለም የተለያዩ ልዩነቶችን ያሳያሉ ፡፡ የሀበሻ ራስን ማንነት መታወቂያ ብዙውን ጊዜ በዘር ዘይቤ ከሚመሳሰሉ ይልቅ በጋራ ባህላዊ ባህሎች ላይ የተመሠረተ ነው ፡፡


የባህል አትላስ (በአውስትራሊያ መንግስት የህዝብ ማሰራጫ አገልግሎት ልዩ የብሮድካስቲንግ አገልግሎት - ኤስ.ቢ.ኤስ.)&lt;blockquote&gt;የሀበሻ ባህል እና ማንነት

ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊያን በአጠቃላይ በአጠቃላይ ‹ሀበሻ› * ናቸው ፡፡ ይህ ቃል ብሄረሰብ ሳይለይ የኢትዮጵያ / ኤርትራን ልዩ ባህል እና ህዝብ ለመግለፅ የሚያገለግል ነው ፡፡ ዛሬ “ሀበሻ” ጎሳና ጎሳ ሳይለይ ሁሉንም የክልል ሰዎች ለመግለፅ እንደ አንድ ቃል የሚጠቀሙበት ቃል ነው ፡፡ የሀበሻ ማንነት እና ባህል ባህላቸው ከሌላው አፍሪካ የሚለይበትን መንገድ የሚያጠቃልል በመሆኑ ለብዙ ኢትዮጵያውያን የኩራት ምንጭ ነው ፡፡

ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊያን በአጠቃላይ በአጠቃላይ ‹ ሀበሻ › ናቸው ፡፡ ይህ ቃል ብሄረሰብ ሳይለይ የኢትዮጵያ / ኤርትራን ልዩ ባህል እና ህዝብ ለመግለፅ የሚያገለግል ነው ፡፡ ቀደም ሲል በታሪክ ውስጥ “ ሀበሻ ” በተወሰነ ጊዜ በኤርትራ እና በሰሜን ኢትዮጵያ (እንደ አማራ ፣ ትግራይ እና ትግርኛ ህዝቦች እንዲሁም ሌሎች በርካታ) ያሉ የኢትዮemማዊ ተናጋሪ ጎሳዎች እና ጎሳዎችን ብቻ ይጠቅሳል ፡፡ ዛሬ ግን ዘ- ሐበሻ ጎሳና ጎሳ ሳይለይ በክልሉ ያሉትን ሁሉንም ሰዎች ለመግለፅ በተለምዶ እንደ አንድ ቃል ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል ፡፡ የሀበሻ ማንነት እና ባህል ባህላቸው ከሌላው አፍሪካ የሚለይበትን መንገድ የሚያጠቃልል በመሆኑ ለብዙ ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራውያን የኩራት ምንጭ ነው ፡፡ቃሉ እንዲሁ በኦሞቲክ እና በሌሎች ቋንቋዎች እና በሌሎች ሀገሮች ውስጥ ባሉ አንዳንድ ጎሳዎችም ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል ፡፡

በቅኝ ግዛት ተገዝቶ ስለማያውቅ የኢትዮጵያ ክልል ከሌሎች የአፍሪካ አገራት በብዙ መንገዶች ይለያል [ምንም እንኳን ኤርትራ በቅኝ ተገዢ ብትሆንም በአብዛኛዎቹ ቅኝ ተገዢ ከሆኑት አገራት በተለየ አብዛኞቹን የአገሬው ተወላጅ ባህሎች ይዛለች ፡፡ ከኢትዮጵያ ጋር በርካታ የአገር በቀል ተመሳሳይነትን ይይዛል]። የኢትዮጵያ ልማዶች ለዘመናት በተግባር ላይ የተመሰረቱ መሆናቸው የቀጠለ ሲሆን በርካታ የዕለት ተዕለት የኑሮ ገፅታዎች ሥነ-ሥርዓታዊ ናቸው ፡፡ Imately በመጨረሻም ፣ የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ባህል ብዙውን ጊዜ በንጽህና ለመመደብ አልቻለም ፡፡ ምንም እንኳን እነዚህ ገላጮች እንዲሁ የማይስማሙ ቢሆኑም ከአንዳንድ የአረብ ወይም የሜዲትራንያን ባህሎች ጋር ተመሳሳይነትን ይጋራል ፡፡ ይልቁንም “ ሀበሻ ” ለክልሉ ልዩ የሆነውን ባህል ያሳያል ፡፡

የዘር እና ቋንቋ

ብሔራዊ ወይም ‹ሀበሻ› ባህልን የሚወክሉ የተወሰኑ ባህላዊ ባህሎች ቢኖሩም ልምምዶች በክልሎች ፣ በሃይማኖቶች እና በጎሳዎች መካከል ልዩነት አላቸው ፡፡ኢትዮጵያ ከ 80 በላይ የተለያዩ ብሄረሰቦችን ይዛለች ፡፡ ትውልዳቸው ከሰሃራ በታች ባሉ አፍሪካ ውስጥ ይለያያል ፡፡ አብዛኞቹ ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊያን ከአፍሮ-እስያቲክ ተናጋሪ (ከኩሽቲክ ፣ ከኢትዮሴማዊ ተናጋሪ እና ኦሞቲክ ተናጋሪ) ሕዝቦች ሲሆኑ ሌሎቹ ደግሞ ከኒሎ-ሳህራን ከሚናገሩ የኒሎቲክ ጎሳዎች ናቸው ፡፡ … በ 2007 ህዝብ ቆጠራ መሰረት ትልቁ ብሄረሰቦች ኦሮሞ (43.4% የህዝብ ብዛት) ፣ አማራ (26.9%) ፣ ሶማሌ (6.2%) ፣ ትግራይ (6.1%) እና ሲዳማ (4%) ናቸው ፡፡ ሌሎች ጉልህ የጎሳ ህዝቦች የጉራጌ ፣ የወላይታ ፣ የሀዲያ እና የአፋር ህዝብ ይገኙበታል ፡፡ ከታሪክ አኳያ እያንዳንዱ ጎሳዎች ከዘር ቅድመ አያቶች የዘር ሐረግ መሠረት በማድረግ በየጎሳዎች እና ጎሳዎች ተከፍለዋል ፡፡ አሁንም በገጠር አካባቢዎች ለሚኖሩ ብዙዎች ፣ በተለይም ባልዳበሩ ክልሎች ውስጥ ባሉ አርብቶ አደሮች ዘንድ ይህ ሁኔታ አሁንም ድረስ ነው ፡፡ ሆኖም ፣

እያንዳንዱ ጎሳ የተለያዩ ባህላዊ ልምዶች አሏቸው እና ለብሄራቸው የተወሰነ ቋንቋ ይናገራል (ለምሳሌ ኦሮሞዎች ኦሮሚፋ እና ትግራዮች ትግርኛ ይናገራሉ) ፡፡ በአጠቃላይ በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የሚነገረ 87 አገር በቀል ቋንቋዎች አሉ ፡፡ በመላዋ ኢትዮጵያ ብሄራዊ ደረጃ ኦፊሴላዊ ደረጃ ያለው ብቸኛ ቋንቋ አማርኛ ነው ፡፡ ይህ በእንዲህ እንዳለ ፣ ሶማሌ ፣ ኦሮሚፎፎ ፣ አፋር እና ትግርኛ የክልሉን አብዛኛው ጎሳ የሚመለከቱ ኦፊሴላዊ አቋም አላቸው ፡፡ እንግሊዝኛ እንዲሁ በስፋት በስፋት የተገነዘበው የውጭ ቋንቋ ነው ፡፡ አብዛኛው የከተማው ኢትዮጵያዊ በአማርኛ ፣ በአካባቢያቸው / በጎሳ ቋንቋቸው እና በእንግሊዝኛ ይናገራሉ ፡፡

የማህበረሰብ ልዩነት

የአውስትራሊያ የኢትዮጵያ [እና ኤርትራዊ] ማህበረሰብ ከተለያዩ ብሄረሰቦች ፣ ቋንቋዎች ፣ ሀይማኖታዊ እና ባህላዊ ባህሎች የተውጣጡ ሰዎችን ጨምሮ በጣም የተለያየ ነው። የተለያየ አስተዳደግ ያላቸው ሰዎች ለብሔራዊ ክብረ በዓላት አንድ መሆን የተለመደ ነው ፡፡ በጣም አሉ የኢትዮጵያዊያንና የኤርትራዊያን መካከል ጤናማ ግንኙነት በተለይም ወጣቶች መካከል - - ያላቸውን የጋራ 'መሠረት የተቋቋመው በአውስትራሊያ ውስጥ ሃበሻ ' ማንነት (ይመልከቱ ሐበሻ ባህልና ማንነት ). ለምሳሌ የኤርትራ ማህበረሰብ ተወካዮች በሁለቱ ማህበረሰቦች መካከል ጥሩ እምነት እንዲኖራቸው ለማድረግ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ ዝግጅቶች መጋበዝ የተለመደ ነው ፡፡ ሆኖም ፣ ወደራሱ የሃይማኖት ወይም የጎሳ ማህበረሰብ የመሳብ አዝማሚያም አለ ፡፡

የዘር ግንኙነቶች

ኢትዮጵያ እ.ኤ.አ. ከ 1995 ጀምሮ ‹የብሄር ፌደሬሽን› ተደርጋ ተደራጅታለች ፡፡ ይህ ማለት የሀገሪቱ ክልሎች በብሄር የተከፋፈሉ ናቸው ፣ አብዛኛው ህዝብ ጎሳቸው በብዛት በሚገኝበት ክልል ወይም ዞን ውስጥ ይገኛል ፡፡ ለምሳሌ አብዛኛዎቹ ኦሮሞዎች የሚኖሩት በኦሮሚያ ክልል ፣ አማራዎች በአማራ ክልል ነው ፣ የትግራይ ተወላጆች ደግሞ በትግራይ ክልል ውስጥ ወዘተ. ከዚህ የግዛት ስርዓት በስተጀርባ ያለው ሀሳብ ጎሳዎች የበለጠ የፖለቲካ የራስ ገዝ አስተዳደር እንዲፈቅድላቸው ነበር ፡፡ ሆኖም ይህ የመንግሥት አወቃቀር የብሔረሰብ ማንነትን ከመጠን በላይ ፖለቲካ ያደረገው እና ​​የበለጠ የኑፋቄ ውጥረትን እንደፈጠረ በስፋት ይታመናል ፡፡ በተጨማሪም ፣ ብዙ ሰዎች በብሄር የተዋሃዱ ቅርስ ያላቸው እና ከአንድ ተመሳሳይ የጎሳ ማንነት ጋር የጠበቀ ወዳጅነት አይሰማቸውም ፡፡በማዕከላዊ ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የሚኖሩ ብዙ ሰዎች (ለምሳሌ ዋና ከተማዋ አዲስ አበባ) በቀላሉ “ኢትዮጵያዊ” እንደሆኑ መመርጥ ይመርጣሉ ነገር ግን ከብሄር ማንነት ጋር መገናኘት ይጠበቅባቸዋል ፡፡

በአጠቃላይ የፖለቲካ ስልጣን ያላቸው የአንድ ብሄር ተወላጅ የሆኑ ሰዎች የተሻለ አገልግሎት ማግኘት የሚችሉ እና አነስተኛ የቢሮክራሲያዊ እንቅፋቶች ያጋጥሟቸዋል ተብሎ ይታመናል ፡፡ ስለሆነም ከኢትዮጵያ ህዝብ ውስጥ ወደ 6% ያህሉ ብቻ ቢሆኑም ብሄር ተወላጅ የትግራይ ተወላጆች በስለላ ፣ በወታደራዊ እና በንግዱ የስልጣን ቦታዎችን ይቆጣጠራሉ የሚል ስጋት አለ ፡፡ በተጨማሪም የኢትዮጵያ ብሄራዊ ማንነት ለአማሮች የሚያንፀባርቅ (ወይም ከመጠን በላይ) ነው የሚል ሰፊ አስተያየት አለ ፡፡ አማርኛ በይፋ ብሔራዊ ቋንቋ በመሆኑና አማርኛ ተናጋሪዎችም ብዙውን ጊዜ የዕድል ዕድላቸው ያላቸው በመሆናቸው ይህ ተባብሷል ፡፡ አንዳንድ ጎሳዎች ጎሳዎቻቸው ከገዢው መደብ እንደተገለሉ ሊሰማቸው ይችላል ፡፡ ለምሳሌ,

በአንድ የተወሰነ ክልል ውስጥ በመንግስት እና በጎሳ ወይም በቡድን መካከል የዘር ውዝግብ ይከሰታል ፡፡ በአጠቃላይ በመንግስት ላይ በግልጽ የተቃውሞ ሰልፍ የሚያደርግ ማንኛውም ሰው በተለይ ከክልላቸው ወይም ከብሄራቸው ጋር ተያያዥነት ያላቸውን ጉዳዮች መንግስትን የሚቃወም ከሆነ በይፋ ጥቃት ሊደርስበት ይችላል ፡፡ በብሔራቸው ላይ ኦፊሴላዊ የመድልዎ አደጋ ፡፡ ሆኖም ፣ የጎሳ ውዝግብ ቢኖርም ፣ ግልጽ ጠላትነት በየቀኑ በሰፊው ህዝብ ዘንድ የማይታይ መሆኑን ልብ ማለት ያስፈልጋል ፡፡ ብዙ ሰዎች በጠንካራ ብሄራዊ ማንነት እና እንዲሁም ልዩ በሆነው ‘ የሀበሻ ’ ማንነት የጋራ መግባባት ያገኛሉ ( የሀበሻ ባህል እና ማንነት ከላይ ይመልከቱ)።

የፖለቲካ ታሪክ

… በኤርትራና በኢትዮጵያ ህዝቦች መካከል ለሁለት አስርት ዓመታት የዘለቀው የፖለቲካ ፣ ኢኮኖሚያዊ እና ማህበራዊ ክፍፍል ብዙ ተግዳሮቶችን አስከትሏል ፡፡ ጦርነት ቀደም ሲል በብሔሮች መካከል ፈሳሽ ድንበሮች የነበሩበት ጠንካራ ድንበር ተፈጥሯል ፡፡ ኤርትራዊያን እና ኢትዮጵያውያን በብዙ መልኩ በታሪክ እና በባህል የተሳሰሩ በመሆናቸው አንዳንዶች መከፋፈሉን በፖለቲካ ውጤት (ከሰዎች እና ከባህል ይልቅ) ያዩታል ፡፡ በእርግጥ በውጭ ሀገር የሚገኙ የኤርትራ እና የኢትዮ communitiesያ ማህበረሰቦች በሰፊው የሀበሻ ማንነት መሰብሰብ የተለመደ ነው ( የሀበሻ ማንነት እና ባህልን ከላይ ይመልከቱ) ፡፡ የሆነ ሆኖ በሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ ኤርትራዊያን እና ትውልደ ኤርትራዊያን ከኢትዮጵያ ተባርረዋል ፣ በተቃራኒው ደግሞ ፡፡ይህ ቀደም ሲል በሆነ መንገድ የሁለቱም አገራት ብሔራዊ ስሜት ለተሰማቸው ብዙ ሰዎች ሰብዓዊ ቀውስ እና እንዲሁም የማንነት ቀውስ ፈጠረ ፡፡&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200315030419/https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/ethiopian-culture/ethiopian-culture-core-concepts&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/ethiopian-culture/ethiopian-culture-core-concepts&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== O ===
የመጀመሪያው ጥያቄ አንዳንድ [የምዕራባውያን እና የአውሮፓውያን] ደራሲያን በኢትዮጵያ [እና በዚያን ጊዜ ኤርትራን ያካተተች] እና አቢሲኒያ በሚሉት ስሞች መካከል ለመፍጠር የሚሞክሩትን ሰው ሰራሽ ልዩነት ይመለከታል ፡፡. ቀደም ሲል እንደጠቀስነው የአኩሱም ገዥዎች በግእዝ ወይም በግሪክ ሲጽፉ አገሪቱን [የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራን] እንዲሁም ወደ ሳቤን ሲጽፉ ሀበሻ ወይም ሐበሻ ብለው ይጠሩ እንደነበር የታሪክ ማስረጃው ይጠቁማል (የደብዛው የደቡብ አረቢያ ቋንቋ) ፡፡ ዛሬም ቢሆን ተራው ኢትዮጵያዊያን (እና ኤርትራዊያን) በጽሑፍም ሆነ በመደበኛ ንግግር ኢትዮጵያ ወይም ኢትዮጵያዊ [እና ኤርትራ ወይም ኤርትራዊ] ይላሉ ፣ ግን [ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራውያን] መደበኛ ባልሆነ ውይይት “ሀበሻ” ን ይጠቀማሉ ፡፡ “አቢሲኒያ” የሚለው ስም ከአረብኛ ስም ሀበሽ ከሚለው የአረብኛ ስም የተገኘ ሲሆን ለ [የኢትዮጵያ ምድር እና ህዝቦች] [እና ኤርትራ] ነው ፡፡ ስለሆነም ለሁሉም ዓላማዎች ኢትዮጵያ [እና ኤርትራ] ሀበሻ እና አቢሲኒያ ተመሳሳይ አካልን ያመለክታሉ ፡፡ ልዩነት ለመፍጠር አጥብቀው የሚጽፉት ሰዎች “ሀበሾች” ([በስህተት) ማለት አማራዎች [የኢትዮጵያ] እና ትግራዮች [የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ]) በ “አቢሲኒያኖች” የተባሉትን “አቢሲኒያውያን” አሸንፈዋል ለማለት የሚፈልጉ ናቸው “የኢትዮጵያ ኢምፓየር” ለመመስረት በአሥራ ዘጠነኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የኢትዮጵያን ታሪክ መከለሳችን በግልጽ በአማርኛ ተናጋሪ [አማራ ወይም አማራ ያልሆነ] እና የኦሮሚፋፋ ተናጋሪ [ኦሮሞን] የጦር መሪዎችን [አማራዎቹ እና ትግራዮች ብቻ ሳይሆኑ] እንደነበሩ ግልጽ ያደርገናል ፡፡

== “ ''በጥቁር እና በነጭ ዓለም ውስጥ'' ሀበሻ ''መሆን የዘረኝነት ማንነት ቀውስ'' ” የተቀነጨቡ ጽሑፎች ፣ በአቢጊል መንገሻ ==

* ዘ-ሐበሻ ለኢትዮጵያ ወይም ለኤርትራ ተወላጆች የጋራ ስም ነው ፡፡ ሀበሻ ዘርም ጎሳም ብሄረሰብም አይደለችም ፡፡ እሱ የአኗኗር ዘይቤ ፣ የአዕምሮ ሁኔታ እና የተለያዩ ባህሎች ስብስብ ነው። የጋራ ቋንቋ ወይም ሃይማኖት የለውም ፡፡
* አብዛኞቹ ወጣቶች [ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊያን] ወይም ኢትዮጵያውያን [እና /] ወይም ኤርትራዊያን አሜሪካውያን ቃሉን የሚጠቀሙት በልዩ ልዩ ጎሳዎች እና ጎሳዎች መካከል [ወይም በአንድነት በሚሰበሰብ] መካከል እራሳቸውን እና ሌሎችን ለማመልከት ሲሆን ኩራት እና ሀ በሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ ለተፈጠረው ብዝሃነት እውቅና የሰጠው የወሳኝ እና የተባበረ የሐበሻ ማንነት ንግግር (በውስጡ የሚገኙትን የብሔረሰቦች ሕዝቦች ፣ ባሕሎችና ልምዶች (የተለያዩ የኢትዮጵያ ፣ የኤርትራ እና የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ዲያስፖራዎች)) ፡፡
* ስለዚህ ፣ የሀበሻ ወቅታዊ ትርጓሜ ከ “ላቲኖ” ጋር ተመሳሳይ ነው - ሰፊ ቃል ፣ ግን አሁንም ድረስ የተለያዩ የስነ-ምግባር እና የባህል አካላትን ዕውቅና የሚሰጥ ነው ፡፡

== በሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ እና የፓን ጎሳ ብሄረሰቦች ==
. እንዲዋሃዱ ሳይሆን በእውነቱ በአፋር ክልል (በቃፋር | አፋር ክልል) ፣ በአማራ ክልል (በአማራ) ፣ በቤኒሻንጉል-ጉሙዝ መካከል ያለውን ልዩ እና የማይካድ ማህበራዊና ባህላዊ ትስስር ለማሳየት ነው ፡፡ (ቤንሻንጉል ጉሙዝ) ፣ አዲስ አበባ (አዲስ አበባ) ፣ ድሬዳዋ (Dir Dhabe | ድሬ ዳዋ | Dirre Dhawaa) ፣ ጋምቤላ ክልል (ጋምቤላ) ፣ ሀረሪ ክልል (ሐረሪ | ሀረሪ) ፣ ኦሮሚያ ክልል (ኦሮሚያ | ኦሮሚያ) ፣ ኦጋዴን (ባህላዊ Name: Ogaadeen | እንዲሁም “የኢትዮጵያ ሶማሌ መንግስት - የመንግስት የአካባቢ ሶማሊያ ኢትዮጵያ” በመባል የሚታወቀው ኢህአደግ-ህወሀት በኢትዮጵያ ስልጣን ከያዘ በኋላ) ፣ የደቡብ ብሄሮች ፣ ብሄረሰቦችና ህዝቦች ክልል (ደቡብ) የደቡብ ብሔር ብሄረሰቦችና ህዝቦች ክልል | ደቡብ ክልል -ኢትዮጵያ) ፣ ትግራይ ክልል (ክልል ትግራይ) ፣ Maekel ክልል (ችካባ ማእከል) ፣ አንሴባ ክልል (ተጽዕኖባ ዓንሰባ) ፣ ጋሽ-ባርካ ክልል (ልዩባ ጋሽ ባርካ) ፣ የደቡብ ክልል -ኤርትራ (ሙሉአባ ደቡብ) ፣የሰሜን ቀይ ባሕር ክልል (ተጽዕኖባ ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ) ፣ የደቡብ ቀይ ባሕር ክልል (መተባሻ ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ) ፣ አርሲ አውራጃ ፣ ሐረርጌ ጠቅላይ ግዛት (ሐረርጌ | ሐረርጌ | Xararge | ሐረርጌይ) ፣ ሲዳሞ አውራጃ ፣ ቤጌምድር አውራጃ (በግርምድር) ፣ ኢሉባቦር ግዛት ፣ ትግራይ አውራጃ (ትግራይ) ፣ ኦጋዴን (ኦጋዴን) ፣ ጋሙ-ጎፋ አውራጃ ፣ ካፋ አውራጃ (ኬፋ) ፣ ወለጋ አውራጃ ፣ ጎጃም ጠቅላይ ግዛት (ጎጃም | እንቁዛም | የወጣትም | ጎ ​​ọgwụgwọም) ፣ የሸዋ ጠቅላይ ግዛት ፣ ወሎ ጠቅላይ ግዛት (ወሎ) ፣ የባሌ አውራጃ (ባሊ) ) ፣ የጎንደር ጠቅላይ ግዛት ፣ የኦሞ አውራጃ ፣ የአጋሜ አውራጃ (ዓጋመ) ፣ የአገውመደር ጠቅላይ ግዛት (አገው | አገው) ፣ ቤተ አማራ ግዛት (ቤተ አማራ) ፣ ዳዋሮ ጠቅላይ ግዛት ፣ የደምቢያ ግዛት (ደምቢያ) ፣ የኤርትራ የቀድሞው የኢትዮጵያ ግዛት ፣ እንደርታ አውራጃ (እንደርታ) | እንደርታ - ኢንደርታ) ፣ ፋታጋር አውራጃ (ፉጥጋር) ፣ የሀዲያ ግዛት ፣ ኢፋት አውራጃ ፣ ላስታ ግዛት (ላስታ) ፣ መንዝ አውራጃ (መንዝ - መንዝ) ፣ የቋራ ግዛት (ቋራ | ቋራ - ክዋራ) ፣የሰሜን ግዛት (ממלכת סאמיאן | ממלכת ביתא ישראל | ቤታ እስራኤል) ፣ ቴምቤን ግዛት ፣ ፀለምት አውራጃ ፣ ፀገዴ ጠቅላይ ግዛት ፣ ዋግ ጠቅላይ ግዛት (ዋግ) ፣ ወገራ ጠቅላይ ግዛት ፣ ኢትዮጵያ (ኢትዮጵያ | ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ - የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ) ፣ ኤርትራ (ኤርትራ | የኤርትራ ግዛት - ሃገረ ኤርትራ) ፣ ሌሎች የአፍሪካ ቀንድ ክፍሎች ተደራራቢ የጎሳ / ንዑስ ጎሳዎች ያሉት ፣ በጣም የተጋሩ የድንበር ከተሞች እና የጠረፍ ክልሎች ከሌሎች ሀገሮች ጋር) የተለያዩ የዘላን / ከፊል-ዘላን ጎሳዎች ፣ እና የኢትዮጵያና የኤርትራ ማኅበረሰቦች በዓለም ዙሪያ ያሉ ፣ እያንዳንዱ ክልል ፣ ማህበረሰብ ፣ ጎሳ እና ሀገር የተለየ የባህላቸውን ክፍል ወደ ጠረጴዛው በማምጣት ላይ ይገኛሉ ፡፡]ኢትዮጵያ (ኢትዮጵያ | ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ - - የኢትዮጵያ ቻራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ) ፣ ኤርትራ (ኤርትራ | ስቴት ኤርትራ - ሃገረ ኤርትራ) ፣ ሌሎች የአፍሪካ ቀንድ አካባቢዎች ተደራራቢ የጎሳ / ንዑሳን ጎሳዎች ያላቸው ፣ በጣም ግልጽ በሆነ የጋራ ድንበር ከተሞች እና ከሌሎች ሀገሮች ጋር የድንበር ክልሎች) የተለያዩ የዘላን / ከፊል-ዘላን ጎሳዎች እና በዓለም ዙሪያ በሚገኙ ሌሎች ሀገሮች የሚገኙ የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ማህበረሰቦች እያንዳንዱ ክልል ፣ ማህበረሰብ ፣ ብሄረሰብ እና ሀገር ልዩ የሆነ የባህላቸውን ክፍል ወደ ጠረጴዛ በማምጣት ፡፡ .]ኢትዮጵያ (ኢትዮጵያ | ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ - - የኢትዮጵያ የቴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ) ፣ ኤርትራ (ኤርትራ | State of Eritrea - ሃገረ ኤርትራ) ፣ ሌሎች የአፍሪካ ቀንድ አካባቢዎች ተደራራቢ የጎሳ / ንዑሳን ጎሳዎች ፣ በጣም የተካፈሉት በተጋሩ የድንበር ከተሞች እና ከሌሎች ሀገሮች ጋር የድንበር ክልሎች) የተለያዩ የዘላን / ከፊል-ዘላን ጎሳዎች እና በዓለም ዙሪያ በሚገኙ ሌሎች ሀገሮች የሚገኙ የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ማህበረሰቦች እያንዳንዱ ክልል ፣ ማህበረሰብ ፣ ብሄረሰብ እና ሀገር ልዩ የሆነ የባህላቸውን ክፍል ወደ ጠረጴዛ በማምጣት ፡፡ .]እና በዓለም ዙሪያ የሚገኙ የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ማህበረሰቦች በእያንዳንዱ ክልል ፣ ማህበረሰብ ፣ ጎሳ እና ሀገር ውስጥ የባህላቸውን የተለየ ክፍል ወደ ጠረጴዛው በማምጣት ፡፡]እና በዓለም ዙሪያ የሚገኙ የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ማህበረሰቦች በእያንዳንዱ ክልል ፣ ማህበረሰብ ፣ ጎሳ እና ሀገር ውስጥ የባህላቸውን የተለየ ክፍል ወደ ጠረጴዛው በማምጣት ፡፡]

* የሀበሻ ፓን ብሄረሰብ የሚከተሉትን ያጠቃልላል (ግን ሙሉ በሙሉ አልተገደበም)

&lt;nowiki&gt;**&lt;/nowiki&gt; የቅድመ-ዳያስፖራ የዘር ብሄረሰቦች-አሪ ፣ አፋር ፣ አገው-አዊ ፣ አገው-ሀሚራ ፣ አላባ ፣ አማራ ፣ አኙዋክ ፣ አርቦሬ ፣ አርጎባ ፣ ባጫ ፣ ቅርጫት ፣ ቤና ፣ ቤንች ፣ በርታ ፣ ቦዲ ፣ ብሬሌ ፣ ቡርጂ ፣ ጫራ ፣ ዳሳናች ፣ ዳውሮ ፣ ደባሴ / ጓዋዳ ፣ ዲሜ ፣ ዲራshe ፣ ዲዚ ፣ ዶንጋ ፣ ፌዴashe ፣ ቤታ እስራኤል (ኢትዮጵያውያን አይሁዶች) ፣ ጋሞ ፣ ገባቶ ፣ ጌዴኦ ፣ ጌዲቾ ፣ ጊዶሌ ፣ ጎፋ ፣ ጉሙዝ ፣ ጉራጌ ፣ ሀዲያ ፣ ሀማር ፣ ሀረሪ ፣ ኢሮብ ፣ ካፊፊቾ ፣ ካምባጣ ፣ ካሮ ፣ ኮሞ ፣ ኮንሶ ፣ ኮንታ ፣ ቆሬ ፣ ኮየጎ ፣ ኩናማ ፣ ኩሱሚ ፣ ክጉጉ ፣ ማጃንግር ፣ ማሌ ፣ ማኦ ፣ ማረቆ ፣ ማሾላ ፣ መኤን ፣ የመሬ ህዝብ ፣ መሰንጎ ፣ ሞሲዬ ፣ ሙርሌ ፣ ሙርሲ ፣ ናኦ ፣ ኑዌር ፣ ንያንጋቶም ፣ ኦሮሞ ፣ ኦይዳ ፣ ቀቤና ፣ ቼቸም ፣ ቄዋማ ፣, ፣ ሸኬቾ ፣ koኮ ፣ ሺናሻ ፣ ሺታ / ኡፖ ፣ ሲዳማ ፣ ስልጤ ፣ ሱማሌ ፣ ሱርማ ፣ ተምባሮ ፣ ትግራይ ፣ ራሻይዳ ፣ ፃማይ ፣ ወላይታ ፣ ወርጂ ፣ ዘልማም ፣ ዘየሴ ፣ ትግሪኛ ፣ ነብር ፣ አፋር ፣ ሳሆ ፣ ቢሌን ፣ ኩናማ ፣ ናራ ፣ የም ፣… →

&lt;nowiki&gt;**&lt;/nowiki&gt; ድህረ-ዳያስፖራ የዘር ብሄረሰቦች -አሜሪካ-አሜሪካውያን ፣ ኤርትራዊ-አሜሪካውያን ፣ ስዊዘርላንድ-ኤርትራዊያን ፣ እንግሊዛውያን-ኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ካናዳውያን-ኤርትራዊያን ፣ ስዊድናዊ-ኢትዮጵያዊ ፣ ኤርትራዊ-ሳውዲዎች ፣ ኢትዮጵያዊ-ኤርትራዊ-ጣሊያኖች ፣ አውስትራሊያዊ-ኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ኢትዮጵያውያን-እስራኤል ኤርትራዊ-እስራኤላውያን ፣ ቻይናውያን-ኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ የዩክሬን-ኢትዮጵያዊያን ፣ የኤርትራ-ጀርመናውያን ፣ የኢትዮጵያ-ጀርመናውያን ፣ የኤርትራ-ሱዳኖች ፣ የኢትዮጵያ-ሶማሌዎች ፣ የኢትዮጵያ-ጅቡቲያዊ- (ጅቡቲ) -ሶማሊ-ኤርትራዊያን ፣ ወዘተ ...… ወዘተ… ወዘተ… . የኢትዮጵያ አውስትራሊያዊያን (የኦሮሞ የአውስትራሊያ), የኢትዮጵያ ካናዳውያን , በእስራኤል የኢትዮጵያ አይሁዳውያን , በዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያውያን , የኢትዮጵያ አሜሪካውያን , በዴንማርክ የሚኖሩ ኢትዮጵያውያን , በጀርመን የሚኖሩ ኢትዮጵያውያን ,ኖርዌይ ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያውያን , ስዊድን ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያውያን , የኤርትራ አሜሪካውያን , የኤርትራ ካናዳውያን , ዴንማርክ ውስጥ የኤርትራ , ኖርዌይ ውስጥ የሚገኙ ኤርትራዊያን , ስዊድን ውስጥ ኤርትራዊያን , በዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ውስጥ የኤርትራ ወዘተ, ወዘተ, ብዙ, ... ... ወዘተ ... ... እና ሌሎች Hyphenated ጎሳዎች መካከል የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ቅርስ የዘር ሐረግ።

* ሀበሻ ሌላ ቃል ነው-አሪ-አፋር-አገው-አዊ-አገው-ሀሚራ-አላባ-አማራ-አኙዋክ-አርቦሬ-አርጎባባ-ባጫ-ባስኬቶ-ቤና-ቤንች-በርታ-ቦዲ-ብሬሌ-ቡርጂ-ጫራ-ዳሳናች-ዳውሮ- ደባሴ / ጓዋዳ-ዲሜ-ዲራshe-ዲዚ-ዶንጋ-ፌዴሸ-ቤታ እስራኤል-አይሁድ-ጋሞ-ገባቶ-ጌዴኦ-ጌዲቾ-ጊዶሌ-ጎፋ-ጉሙዝ-ጉራጌ-ሀዲያ-ሀማር-ሀራሪ-ኢሮብ-ካፊፊቾ-ካምባታ-ካሮ-ኮሞ -Konso-Konta-Koore-Koyego-Kunama-Kusumie-Kwegu-Majangir-Male-Mao-Mareqo-Mashola-Me'en-Mere-Messengo-Mossiye-Murle-Mursi-Nao-Nuer-Nyangatom-Oromo-Oyda-Qebena-Konso-Konta-Koore-Koyego-Kunama-Kusumie-Kwegu-Majangir-Male-Mao-Mareqo-Mashola-Me'en-Mere-Messengo-Mossiye-Murle-Mursi-Nao-Nuer-Nyangatom-Oromo-Oyda-Qebena- ኮንሶ-ኮንታ-ቆሬ-ኮዬጎ-ኩናማ-ኩሱሚ-ክጉጉ-ማጃጊር-ማሌ-ማኦ-ማረቆ-ማሾላ-መኤን -ኬኬም-wዋማ---ሸኬቾ-ሸኮ-ሺናሻ-ሺታ / ኡፖ-ሲዳማ-ስልጤ-ሶማሌ-ሱርማ-ተምባሮ-ትግራይ-ራሻይዳ-ፃማይ-ወላይታ-ወርጂ-ዘልማን-ዘየሴ-ትግሪኛ-ትግሬ-አፋር-ሳሆ -ቢሌን-ኩናማ-ናራ-ዬም-ኤርትራዊ-ኢትዮጵያዊ-እንግሊዛዊ-አይሪሽ-ዩክሬን-ሶማሌ-ጂቡቲ-ሱዳናዊ-ጀርመን-ቻይና-አውስትራሊያ-ሩሲያ-ስዊድናዊ-ኢትዮጵያዊ-ኤርትራዊ-አሜሪካዊ…. C. ወዘተ C. ወዘተ ...የኢትዮጵያ አውስትራሊያዊያን (የኦሮሞ የአውስትራሊያ), የኢትዮጵያ ካናዳውያን , በእስራኤል የኢትዮጵያ አይሁዳውያን , በዩናይትድ ኪንግደም ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያውያን , የኢትዮጵያ አሜሪካውያን , በዴንማርክ የሚኖሩ ኢትዮጵያውያን , በጀርመን የሚኖሩ ኢትዮጵያውያን , ኖርዌይ ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያውያን , ስዊድን ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያውያን , የኤርትራ አሜሪካውያን , የኤርትራ ካናዳውያን , ዴንማርክ ውስጥ የኤርትራ , ኤርትራዊያን በኖርዌይ ፣ ኤርትራዊያን በስዊድን ፣ ኤርትራዊያን በእንግሊዝ ፣ ብዙዎች ፣… ወዘተ… ወዘተ… ወ.ዘ. የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ቅርስ

== ዲያስፖራ ==
ዘ-ሐበሻ ዲያስፖራ - የኢትዮጵያ ግዛት ሕዝቦች እና ተተኪው የኤርትራ እና የኢትዮጵያ ግዛቶች ባለፉት ዓመታት በፖለቲካዊ ብጥብጥ ፣ በጎሳ ውዝግቦች እና እንደ ደግ የኢትዮጵያ አብዮት ፣ ቀይ ሽብር (ኢትዮጵያ) የኢትዮጵያ የእርስ በእርስ ጦርነት ፣ 1983– እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1985 በኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ ረሃብ ፣ የኤርትራ የነፃነት ጦርነት ፣ የኤርትራ – የኢትዮጵያ ጦርነት፣ እና ሌሎች ወቅታዊ ግጭቶች እና ሁከትዎች ፡፡ የሀበሻ ህዝቦች እንደ “አቢሲኒያውያን” ፣ “ኤርተሬኒያውያን” ፣ “ሀበሻ” ፣ “ኤርትራዊ” ፣ “ኢትዮጵያዊ” እና “[የብሔረሰብ ስም አስገባ]” የሚሉ የተለያዩ የዘር ተኮር ስሞችን ሲጠቀሙ ቆይተዋል ፡፡ ፣ የፖለቲካ አቋማቸው ፣ የክልል ትውልዳቸው ወይም በግምት ከ 85 እስከ 89 ከሚሆኑት የጎሳ ጎሳዎች ውስጥ የትኞቹ ናቸው ፡፡

* ኤርትራዊያን - በሠላሳ ዓመቱ የኤርትራ የነፃነት ጦርነት ወቅት ከአጠቃላይ አምስት ሚሊዮን ኤርትራዊያን ወደ ግማሽ ሚሊዮን ገደማ አገሩን ለቀው የተሰደዱ ሲሆን በኤርትራ መንግሥት ( ሻዕቢያ - ፒ.ፒ.ጄ.ጄ. ) የቀሰቀሰውን ሁከት በመሸሽ ፡፡ በሁሉም ምዕራባዊ ዓለም (ማለትም አሜሪካ በዋሺንግተን ዲሲ እና በሎስ አንጀለስ እና አውሮፓ ስዊድን ፣ ጀርመን እና ጣሊያን) ማህበረሰቦችን ፈጥረዋል ፡፡ ከግማሽ ሚሊዮን በላይ ኤርትራዊያን በስደተኞች ካምፕ ውስጥ ይገኛሉ (አብዛኛው በኢትዮጵያ እና በሱዳን) ፡፡
* ኢትዮጵያውያን - በ 20 ኛው ክፍለዘመን ወደ መካከለኛው ምስራቅ (በአብዛኛው እስራኤል ) ፣ አውሮፓ ፣ ደቡብ እስያ ፣ ምስራቅ እስያ ፣ አውስትራሊያ ፣ ሰሜን አሜሪካ ( አሜሪካ እና ካናዳ ) እና በላቲን አሜሪካ የጎሳ ግጭቶች የተከሰቱበት የጅምላ ፍልሰት በፖለቲካዊ አለመረጋጋት እና በኢትዮጵያ መንግስት * ( ኢህአዲግ ) የቀጠለው ሁከት ዓለም አቀፍ ኢትዮጵያዊያን ዲያስፖራዎችን ፈጥሯል ፡፡

== አጠቃቀም [ ማስተካከያ ] ==
ከካቶሊክ የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅቶች ፍልሰት እና ከኢትዮጵያ እና ከኤርትራውያን ስደተኞች ጋር አብሮ ከሚሰራው የስደተኞች አገልግሎት ጋር በመሆን በአሜሪካ በካቶሊክ ዩኒቨርሲቲ በአሜሪካ የኢሚግሬሽን ልምዶች ላይ በኤስኤም ኦሊፋንት የተከናወኑ የበለጠ ዘመናዊ ጥናቶች እንደሚጠቁሙት ጥናቱ የሀበሻ ማንነት ያሳያል - የበለጠ በግልፅ የዲያስፖራ ማህበረሰቦች ሁኔታ - ለኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ለኤርትራዊያን እና ለሚወዳደሯቸው የተለያዩ ጎሳዎች ሁሉን አቀፍ ፓን-ጎሳ መለያ ሆኖ ያገለግላል; በጥቂቱ ያልተሟሉ ምሳሌዎች የትግሬ እና የኦሮሞ ብሄረሰቦች ናቸው ፡፡ 

በአትላንቲክ አትሌት ሐና ጊዮርጊስ (  ፣ በደቡባዊ ካሊፎርኒያ ዩኒቨርስቲ ሄራን ማሞ እና  እና በዋሽንግተን ፖስት  የተሰጡት መግለጫዎች ከኢትዮጵያ ፣ ከኤርትራ እና ከሐበሻ ማህበረሰቦች ጋር በጣም የተሳሰሩ እንዲሁ የተገኘውን ተመሳሳይ ስሜት ያረጋግጣሉ ፡፡ ሐበሻ የሚለው ቃል በራሱ በማኅበረሰቡ ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ እንደዋለ በሚታተሙ ጥናቶች ውስጥ ማሞ እና ጊዮርጊስ በማኅበረሰቡ ውስጥ ሰፊ ጥቅም እንዳላቸው ያሳዩ ሲሆን ዋሽንግተን ፖስት ደግሞ “ጃንጥላ [ቃል] ነው” በማለት ያስረዳል በአፍሪካ ሰሜን ምስራቅ ጥግ… የውስጠ-ሐረግ ፣ በኢትዮጵያውያን እና በኤርትራውያን መካከል የኩራት እና የዝምድና ባጅ ”  ።

በቶሮንቶ ፣ ኦንታሪዮ ፣ ካናዳ አካባቢ በኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ ወጣቶች መካከል “ሀበሻ” የሚለውን ቃል አጠቃቀም በማጥናት በዮርክ ዩኒቨርስቲ ተመራማሪ ሜሪ ጎይቶም እንዲሁ የኦሊፋንት ጥናት የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ወጣቶች ‹ሀበሻ› ን ይጠቀማሉ ፡፡ “የበላይ-ብሄራዊ” የብዙ ብሄረሰቦች ቃል የተጋራ ባህላዊ ማንነታቸውን ለማሳየት ግን በተቃራኒው ጎይቶም ምንም እንኳን አሁን ያገኘቻቸው ግኝቶች የበለጠ ሰፋ ያለ “የበላይ-ብሄራዊ” ፣ ብዝሃ-ስብስብ ቢሆኑም ለቃሉ የቆየ ጠባብ ትርጉም መኖርን ትጠቅሳለች ፡፡ ጎሳዊ ፣ እና ሁሉን ያካተተ ትርጉም ተገለጠ ፡፡ በእነዚህ ጥናቶች መሠረት ኦሊፋንትም ሆኑ ጎይቶም ደጋማ ያልሆኑ ጎሳዎች “ሀበሻ” በሚለው የዘመናዊ አጠቃቀም አማራ ወይም ትግራዋይ ያልሆኑትን የባህል እና የማንነት ባህሪያቸውን መተው አለባቸው የሚል አስተያየት አይሰጡም ፣''“የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ደጋዎች ብቻ ናቸው የሀበሻ ቡድን” እና ‘ሁሉም የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ የዘር ብሄረሰቦች የሀበሻ’'' የባህል ክርክር ናቸው። 

በሜሪ ጎይቶም ጥናት ሀበሻ ''መሆን'' በሚል ርዕስ ''-የሁለተኛ ትውልድ የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ወጣቶች ጉዞ በካናዳ''በካልጋሪ ዩኒቨርስቲ የተሰራው እንዲሁ በሌሎች ጥናቷ ላይ ከበርካታ የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ አባላት ጋር ቃለመጠይቆችን ጨምሮ ተመሳሳይ ግኝቶችን ትናገራለች ፡፡ የጎይቶም ጥናት በርካታ የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ አባላትን ቃለ መጠይቅ ያደረገ ሲሆን በአሁኑ ወቅት “ሀበሻ” የሚለውን የባህል ማንነት ቃል ሁሉንም የኤርትራን እና የኢትዮጵያን ብሄረሰቦች ያካተተ የብዙ ብሄረሰብ ጅልነት እና በኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ መካከል ያለውን የጋራ ግንኙነት ለማጎልበት መንገድ ያሳያል ፡፡ በውጭ የሚገኙ ዳያስፖራዎች ፣ 15 እና 15 / ሀበሻ / የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ወጣቶች እርስ በእርስ ወደ ባህላዊ ዝግጅት ለመጋበዝ ሲፈልጉ “ሀበሻ” ክፍፍልን ለመሙላት ጥቅም ላይ እንደሚውል በመግለጽ ከአሁኑ ብሔራዊ ድንበሮች ጋር የሚስማሙ የፖለቲካ ውዝግቦችን መጠቀም እና እንዲሁም በእነሱ ውስጥ ግልፅ ማድረግ ኦሮሞዎች በተጠቀሰው ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ እንደ ሀበሻ ይቆጠራሉ የሚል መግለጫ ፡፡ ጎይቶም ከዚያ ወደ ግዛቶች ይሄዳል ፣ “የሀበሻ ማንነትን ያካተቱ ድንበር ተሻጋሪ ምልክቶች እና ልምዶች ለተሳታፊዎች 6 [እና በጥናቱ ቀደም ብለው እንደተናገሩት] ሀበሻ አሸናፊ እና ተሸናፊዎችን የሚያመጣ የ“ ዜሮ ድምር ”መለያ አይደለም ፣ እሱ ግን ክፍት እና ተጣጣፊ ማንነት ነው ፡፡ “ኢትዮጵያዊ ወይም ኤርትራዊ የሆነ ማንኛውም ሰው” ተብሎ ተተርጉሟል በዚሁ ጥናት ውስጥ ጎይቶም በድጋሜ “ሐበሻ” በቀደሙት የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራውያን ትውልዶች ሁሉን የሚያሳትፍ ቃል ሆኖ አልተጠቀመም ፣ ግን ከኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ከኤርትራዊያን እና ከዲያስፖራዎች ለተወለዱ ሁሉም ህዝቦች በአዲሶቹ አገራት ሁሉን አቀፍ ቃል ሆኖ ተገኝቷል ፡፡ በጋራ ልምዶቻቸው እና ከወላጆቻቸው የትውልድ አገር ውጭ እርስ በእርስ በመተማመን ምክንያት ይህንን ማንነት ያጠናከሩ ትውልዶች ፡፡ ለተሳታፊ 6 [እና በጥናቱ ላይ ቀደም ብለው እንደተናገሩት] ሀበሻ አሸናፊ እና ተሸናፊዎችን የሚያመጣ የ “ዜሮ ድምር” መለያ ሳይሆን “ግልጽና ተለዋዋጭ ማንነት ነው” ተብሎ የተተረጎመው “ማንኛውም ኢትዮጵያዊ ወይም ኤርትራዊ ነው ፡፡ ” በዚሁ ጥናት ውስጥ ጎይቶም በድጋሜ “ሐበሻ” በቀደሙት የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራውያን ትውልዶች ሁሉን የሚያሳትፍ ቃል ሆኖ አልተጠቀመም ፣ ግን ከኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ከኤርትራዊያን እና ከዲያስፖራዎች ለተወለዱ ሁሉም ህዝቦች በአዲሶቹ አገራት ሁሉን አቀፍ ቃል ሆኖ ተገኝቷል ፡፡ በጋራ ልምዶቻቸው እና ከወላጆቻቸው የትውልድ አገር ውጭ እርስ በእርስ በመተማመን ምክንያት ይህንን ማንነት ያጠናከሩ ትውልዶች ፡፡ ለተሳታፊ 6 [እና በጥናቱ ላይ ቀደም ብለው እንደተናገሩት] ሀበሻ አሸናፊ እና ተሸናፊዎችን የሚያመጣ የ “ዜሮ ድምር” መለያ ሳይሆን “ግልጽና ተለዋዋጭ ማንነት ነው” ተብሎ የተተረጎመው “ማንኛውም ኢትዮጵያዊ ወይም ኤርትራዊ ነው ፡፡ ” በዚሁ ጥናት ውስጥ ጎይቶም በድጋሜ “ሐበሻ” በቀደሙት የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራውያን ትውልዶች ሁሉን የሚያሳትፍ ቃል ሆኖ አልተጠቀመም ፣ ግን ከኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ከኤርትራዊያን እና ከዲያስፖራዎች ለተወለዱ ሁሉም ህዝቦች በአዲሶቹ አገራት ሁሉን አቀፍ ቃል ሆኖ ተገኝቷል ፡፡ በጋራ ልምዶቻቸው እና ከወላጆቻቸው የትውልድ አገር ውጭ እርስ በእርስ በመተማመን ምክንያት ይህንን ማንነት ያጠናከሩ ትውልዶች ፡፡

ሀበሻ ብለው የሚለዩትን አጠቃላይ የህዝብ ብዛት መወሰን ከባድ ነው ፣ በእነዚህ ሀገሮች በሕጋዊ መንገድ ከተመሰረቱት ብሄረሰቦች በተቃራኒው በኢትዮጵያ ወይም በኤርትራ ውስጥ በሀበሻ ማንነት ላይ ህጋዊ ፍቺ ባለመኖሩ ኦፊሴላዊው ቆጠራ የማይታወቅ ነው ፣ እንደ ራሱን የቻለ የባህል ቡድን ፣ የተለያ characteristics ባህሪዎች እና ትርጓሜዎች ያላቸው የዳያስፖራዎች ማህበረሰብ መኖር ፣ እና በትርጉሙ ላይ የማህበረሰብ ወይም ማህበራዊ ሥነ-ምግባራዊ መግባባት አለመኖር ፡፡

=== አጠቃቀም ===

=== ወግ አጥባቂ ትርጓሜ [ ማስተካከያ ] ===
በተጨማሪ ይመልከቱ- የኤርትራን ደጋማ እና የኢትዮጵያን ደጋማ ቦታዎች ፡፡

በአቢሲኒያ ህዝብ ወግ አጥባቂ ትርጉም መሠረት ፣ አቢሲኒያ ህዝብ (ሃበሻ) ጎሳዎችን ያጠቃልላል- አማራ ፣ ጉራጌ ፣ አጋዋ ፣ ትግሬዎች (ትግራይ - ትግርኛ) ፣ ሀረሪ እና ትግሬ ኢትዮseያዊ-ቋንቋ የሚናገሩ እና / ወይም በሰሜናዊው የኢትዮጵያ ሰሜናዊ ነዋሪ የሚኖሩ ፡፡ - የኤርትያ ደጋማ ቦታዎች የኩሽቲክ ተናጋሪዎች ሲሆኑ (እንደ አውራዋ ተናጋሪ የሆኑት Agawa ተናጋሪዎች / በኢትዮጵያ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች እንደሚኖሩ ) ፡፡

=== አልት-ኒዮ-ወግ አጥባቂ ትርጓሜ [ ማስተካከያ ] ===
በተጨማሪ ይመልከቱ- የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች አብዮታዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ግንባር ፣ የኦሮሞ ነፃነት ግንባር እና ሳይንሳዊ ዘረኝነት ፡፡

በዚህ ትርጉም ውስጥ አቢሲኒያዊያን ወይም ቢያንስ “አቢሲኒያኛ ህዝብ ናቸው” የሚባሉት አማራዎች እና ትግሬዎች ብቻ ናቸው ፡፡ ይህ ትርጓሜ በአብዛኛው ጥቅም ላይ የሚውለው በተወሰኑ የአውሮፓ አንቲባዮሎጂስቶች እና በአንዳንድ የብሔረሰብ ምሁራዊ የኢትዮጵያ የፖለቲካ ፓርቲዎች ወይም እንደ የኢትዮጵያ ህዝቦች አብዮታዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ግንባር (ኢሕአፓ) እና የኦሮሞ ነፃነት ግንባር (ኦነግ) ነው ፡፡ 

=== አጠቃላይ አጠቃቀም [ ማስተካከያ ] ===
በተጨማሪም ይመልከቱ: - አሜሪካዊያን እና ኤርትራዊ አሜሪካውያን ፡፡

“ሐበሻ” ለሚለው ቃል የተሰበሰበ ትርጓሜ ፣ የተለያዩ ብሄረሰቦች እና ትውልዶች በትውልድ አገራቸውም ሆነ በዲያስፖራው ውስጥ የሚጠቀሙባቸው የተለያዩ አጠቃቀሞች አሉት ፡፡ 

==== በጣም የተለመደው አጠቃቀም (አጠቃላይ ትርጓሜ) [ ማስተካከያ ] ====
በተጨማሪ ይመልከቱ- የኤርትራዊ ካናዳውያን እና የኢትዮጵያ ካናዳውያን ፡፡

“ሐበሻ” ለሚለው ቃል በጣም የተለመደው የጋራ አጠቃቀም በሰሜን አሜሪካ እና በአውሮፓ በሚገኙ የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራዊያን ዲያስፖራዎች ለመላው የኢትዮ andያ እና የኤርትራዊ ጎሳዎች ባህላዊ አንድነት መንገድ እና የፖለቲካ እና የኢኮኖሚ ሀይልን ለማጎልበት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል ፡፡ 

በዚህ ትርጉም መሠረት, አቢሲኒያ ሰዎች የጎሳ ቡድኖች ያካትታል Aari , አፋር , Agaw-በአዊ , Agaw-Hamyra, አላባ , አማራ , የአኝዋክ , Arbore, Argobba , ባጫ, Basketo, የቤና, ቤንች, በርታ , የቦዲ, Brayle, Burji, Chara ፣ ዳታቻቻ ፣ ዳውሮ ፣ ዕዳ / ጋዋዳ ፣ ዲሚ ፣ ድራሴ ፣ ዲያዚ ፣ ዶንጋ ፣ Fedashe ፣ ቤታ እስራኤል (የኢትዮጵያ አይሁዶች) ፣ ጋሞ ፣ ጋቦቶ ፣ ጌዴኦ ፣ ጌዴቾ ፣ ጉዶሌ ፣ ጎፋ (ጎፋ ሰዎች) ፣ ጉሙዝ ፣ ጉራጌ ፣ ሃዲያ ፣ ሃማ ሀሪሪ።፣ አይብብ ፣ ካራቶ ፣ ኪምታታ ፣ ካሮ ፣ ኮሞ ፣ ኮሶ ፣ ኮታ ፣ ኩሬ ፣ ኮዬጎ ፣ ኩማማ ፣ ኩምሜ ፣ ኩዌግ ፣ ማጊንግር ፣ ወንድ ፣ ማኦ ፣ ማሮኮ ፣ ማሆላ ፣ ሜን ፣ ሜሬ ፣ ሜሴ ፣ጎ ፣ ሞሲዬ ፣ ሙር ፣ ሙርሲ ፣ Nao, ኑዌር, የኛንጋቶም, ኦሮሞ , Oyda, Qebena, Qechem, Qewama, እሷ, Shekecho, ሸኮና አካባቢው, Shinasha, Shita / Upo, የሲዳማ , የጉራራጌ, ሶማሌ ( ኦግደን ክልል ), Surma, Tembaro, ትግራይ, Tsamai , Welayta , Werji ፣ ዝልማም ፣ ዝይይ ፣ ትግርኛ ፣ ትግሬ ፣ አፋር ፣ ሳሆ ፣ ቢለን ፣ ኩማማ ፣ ናራ ፣ ዬ እና የተለያዩ የኢትዮ-ኤርትራ ዲያስፖራ ቡድኖች ፡፡ 

===== ቀደም ሲል [ ማስተካከያ ] የተደረደሩ የጎሳ ቡድኖች =====
የተወሰኑ የጎሳ ቡድኖች ቀደም ሲል በ &quot;ቆጣቢ ፍቺ&quot; እና እንደ &quot;አብዛኞቹ የጋራ አጠቃቀም (አጠቃላይ ጥራት),&quot; መካከል መደራረብ ትግሬ ሰዎች የሚኖሩት ኤርትራ እና ሱዳን (የ &quot;ቆጣቢ ፍቺ&quot; ስር), የ ቤጃ ሰዎች ክፍሎች የሚኖሩት ሱዳን , ኤርትራ , እና ግብፅ ; የ የአፋር ህዝብ ኢትዮጵያ, ኤርትራ, እና ጅቡቲ የሚኖሩ; እንዲሁም ለሶማሊያ ፣ ለኢትዮጵያ እና ለጅቡቲ ተወላጅ የሆኑት የሶማሊያ ህዝቦች (“በጣም የተለመደው አጠቃቀም (አጠቃላይ ትርጓሜ” በሚለው ስር)) እንዲሁ እንደ “ተደራሽ” ተደርገው ይታያሉ ፡፡

=== ትርጓሜዎችን መቀበል [ማጠቃለያ (&amp; መቼ ፣ እንዴት ፣ የት ፣ ለማን ለማን መጠቀም አለብዎት) የሀበሻ ፓን ብሄረሰብ ማንነት ፡፡ ይህ ሁሉም በአውድ ላይ የተመሠረተ ነው ፡፡)] ===
የእነዚህን “የሐበሻ” ማንነት ትርጓሜዎች መቀበል በከፊል በታሪክ ፣ በባህላዊ ባህል ፣ በግል ጣዕም እና በውጭ የሚኖሩ ዲያስፖራዎች በሚያጋጥሟቸው ዘመናዊ የህይወት እውነታዎች ላይ የተመሰረቱ ናቸው ፡፡ “ሐበሻ” እንደ ባህላዊ ወይም የፓን-ጎሳ ማንነት በተመሳሳዩ የጎሳ ቡድኖች ውስጥም እንኳ ሳይቀር በተለያዩ ማህበረሰቦች ዘንድ ተቀባይነት አለው። አንደኛው ምክንያት ቃሉ አሻሚ በመሆኑ እና የተለያዩ ትርጓሜዎች በተለያዩ አንጃዎች ሊጠቀሙባቸው ስለሚችል ነው ፡፡ ሌላው ምክንያቶች ቃሉ ጥቅም ላይ ስለዋለ እና በተለያዩ የነጠላ የብሄር መለያዎች ተተክቷል (በ “ወግ አጥባቂ ፍቺ”) እና “በአል-ኒኦ-Conservative Definition” ስር “Habesha” የሚለውን ቃል ጥሎታል ፡፡

ማጠቃለያ (&amp; መቼ ፣ እንዴት ፣ የት ፣ ለማን ለማን መጠቀም አለብዎት) የሀበሻ ፓን ብሄረሰብ ማንነት ፡፡ ይህ ሁሉም በአውድ ላይ የተመሠረተ ነው ፡፡)

የሀበሻ የፓርቲዊነት ባህል ወደ ኋላ እየተመለሰ መጥቷል (በሚገርም ሁኔታ በውጭ ከሚገኙ ዳያስፖራ ማህበረሰቦች ጋር እንኳን በታሪካዊ ባህላዊ ቅርሶቻቸው እንደቀነሱ ከሚታወቅባቸው ጋር) ፣ የሀበሻ ፓኔቲካዊነት ተሻሽሏል እናም በዚህ ትውልድ ውስጥ ትልቅ እና የተሻለ ሆኗል ፣ እናም እዚህ አለ ለ መቅረት.

ስለ አንድ ሰው እና / ወይም ስለ ኤርትራዊ ሰው ሲናገሩ ሀበሻ የሚለውን ቃል ለእነሱ ለመግለጽ ሊጠቀሙበት ይችላሉ ፣ በተለይም እነሱ ከሌላ የብሄር-ባህል ማንነት ቃል ለራሳቸው አፅንዖት መስጠት ስለሚመርጡ አይደለም ፡፡ ይህ በሚሆንበት ጊዜ ምኞታቸውን ማክበር እና ሲጠቀሱ የሚመርጡትን ቃል መጠቀም አለብዎት ፡፡ ስለ ሌሎች የአፍሪካ ቀንድ ሕዝቦች ለምሳሌ ኢትዮጵያዊ-ኤርትራዊ ያልሆኑ ሶማሌዎችን እና ከድንበር (ከድንበር) ክልሎች / ከተሞች የመጡ ደቀ መዛሙርት እና በበርካታ አገራት መካከል ስለሚኖሩት ዘላን / ከፊል-ተጓዥ ሕዝቦች ሲናገሩ ጥንቃቄ ስለማያደርጉ ጥንቃቄ ያድርጉ ፡፡ ሀበሻ ብለው ከለዩ ወይም ካልተለዩ ፡፡ በዚህ መጣጥፍ መጀመሪያ ላይ በጠቀስኩት የሐበሻ የፓለቲካ ግንኙነት ውስጥ ግልጽ ያልሆነ ግራጫው ቦታ ይህ ነው ፡፡ በእንደዚህ ዓይነቶቹ ሁኔታዎች ውስጥ አንድን ሰው ላለማስቀየም በሚመች ሁኔታ ፣ የተወሰኑ ዜግነታቸውን ይጠቀሙ ፣ ብሄራዊ አመጣጥ ፣ ወይም የሚታወቅ ከሆነ የእነሱ ልዩ ጎሳ (ተገቢ ከሆነ)። ከዚያ እነሱን ሲያውቋቸው ፣ ሀበሻ እንደሆኑ ለይተው ይጠይቁ ፣ ያንን ካላከበሩ ፣ ካከበሩ እነሱን ለመግለጽ ያንን ቃል መጠቀም ይችላሉ ፡፡

=== የመካከለኛው ዘመን ትርጉም (የዜማኔ መስፍን) [ ማስተካከያ ] ===
(“የ“ ዜሜኔ መስሴ ”” የክልል ብጥብጥ እና የሥልጣን ሽኩቻ በሃይማኖታዊ የተከፋፈሉ መስተዳድሮች መካከል-ኦርቶዶክስ ክርስቲያን በሙስሊም ፣ በሰሜን እና በደቡብ ፣ በኢትዮሴሺያዊ-ተናጋሪ እና በኩሽቲክ ተናጋሪ)

በተጨማሪ ይመልከቱ- የዜማን ሜሳፊን ፣ የኢትዮጵያ ሴማዊ ቋንቋ እና የኩሽቲክ ቋንቋዎች ፡፡

በሁለቱም የመካከለኛው ዘመን እና በሜምሴ ማሴፊን ውስጥ በአፍሪካ ቀንድ ውስጥ የበላይነት ለማግኘት በኦርቶዶክስ ክርስቲያን እና በሙስሊም አከባቢዎች መካከል የተለያዩ ግዛቶች መካከል የተለያዩ የድንበር ግጭቶች ነበሩ ፡፡ አብዛኞቹ-ኦርቶዶክስ ክርስቲያን የሰሜን የኢትዮጵያ ደጋማ ቦታዎች (በአብዛኛው አማራ, ትግራይ, እና Agawa ) ደቡብ ከእነርሱ የተለያዩ እስላማዊ Sultanates በማድረግ 'ሐበሻ' ተብሎ referd ነበር. የመካከለኛው ዘመን ትርጉም በከፊል የተገነባው በሃይማኖታዊ ማንነት ክፍል ጋር በመደመር ወግ አጥባቂ ወግ ላይ ነው ፡፡ (በአጠቃላይ አቢሲኒያ የሚናገሩ ሰዎች ከየትኛውም ሃይማኖት ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ) ፡፡ 

=== የምእራብ አንትሮፖሎጂካል ፅንሰ-ሀሳቦች [ ማስተካከያ ] ===
በተጨማሪ ይመልከቱ: ዘር ባዮሎጂ ፡፡

የምእራብ Anthropological ስነ-ፅንሰ-ሀሳባዊ አቢሲኒያ ህዝብ የሚመሰረተው ምን ዓይነት ጎሳዎች ይለያያሉ ፡፡ በአቢሲኒያ ህዝብ ፓን-ጎሳዎች ውስጥ የትኛው የብሔር ቡድኖች የተካተቱበት እንደሆነ የምዕራባውያን አንቲኦሎጂ ጥናት ጽንሰ-ሀሳቦች በአልትራ ኒ ኒ-Conservative ትርጓሜ ላይ የተገነቡት ፣ ወግ አጥባቂ ትርጓሜ እንዲሁም የመካከለኛው ዘመን ትርጉም። 

= የሐሰት የዘር-ሃይማኖታዊ ክርክርን መስጠት- =
በሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ “ሀበሻ” ማለት ምን ማለት እንደሆነ የተለያዩ ትርጓሜዎች አሉ ፡፡ ግን በአውሮፓ እና በምእራባዊያን የታሪክ ምሁራን የብሔር እና የፓን-ጎሳ ቡድኖችን እንዲሁም አጠቃላይ አገሮችን ለመግለጽ በተጠቀሙበት ግራ መጋባት ቋንቋ ላይ በመመርኮዝ በዘመናዊ ጸሐፊዎች ዘንድ እንዲህ ዓይነት ክርክር አለ ፡፡

ይህ የሐሰት ክርክር ሐበሻ የሚለው ቃል በኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች ውስጥ ሴማዊ ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ ክርስቲያናዊ የዘር-ሃይማኖታዊ ቡድንን የሚገልጽ ነው ፡፡ ይህ በከፊል 1/4 ብቻ እውነት ነው ግን አብዛኛው ሐሰት ነው። አንዳንድ ጊዜ የኢትዮሴማዊ - ተናጋሪ ( በአፍሮ-እስያዊ ቋንቋ ቤተሰብ ውስጥ የሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች ንዑስ ቡድን ) እና አገው - ተናጋሪ ( በአፍሮ-እስያዊ ቋንቋ ውስጥ ያሉ የኩሽቲክ ቋንቋዎች ንዑስ ቡድን ) የተወሰኑ ሕጋዊ ታሪካዊ ትርጓሜዎች አሉ ፡፡ ቤተሰብ ) የሴሚቲክ ሕዝቦች (ሀ ሜታ-የጎሳ እና የዘር-የቋንቋ ቡድን) በ የሚኖሩትየኢትዮ Highያ ደጋማ ቦታዎች እና የኤርትራ ደጋዎች በሀበሻ ማንነት ከሚገኙት የተለያዩ (ከፊል) ህጋዊ ታሪካዊ ትርጓሜዎች በአንዱ ስር ሆነው ፣ ምንም እንኳን ሌሎች የሐበሻ ትርጓሜዎች ሁሉንም ኢትዮጵያዊያን እና ኤርትራዊያንን ያካተቱ ቢሆኑም ፡፡ ይህ አሁን ያለው ጉዳይ አይደለም ፡፡

በአሁኑ ወቅት የነበረው ዋናው ጉዳይ በዊኪፔዲያ ያሉትን ጨምሮ ዘመናዊ የምዕራባውያን ፀሐፊዎች ( &lt;nowiki&gt;https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Habesha_peoples#&lt;/nowiki&gt; ትክክለኛ ያልሆነ_መረጃ_በሐበሻ_ሕዝብ )) በቀድሞ የ 19 ኛው ክፍለዘመን ፣ በ 19 ኛው ክፍለዘመን እና በ 20 ኛው ክፍለዘመን ምዕራባዊ እና አውሮፓ የታሪክ ጸሐፊዎች የተፃፈ ጽሑፍ በዚያ ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ ወይም በታላቅ ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ ባለው የበላይ ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ ሰዎችን ቡድኖች የመለየት የተሳሳተ ዝንባሌ ነበረው ፡፡ አንድ ምሳሌ ይኸውልዎት-በ 19 ኛው ክፍለዘመን አካባቢ በወቅቱ ሀበሻ ብለው የሚጠሩት አብዛኛው ሰው የሚኖረው በኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች ነበር (በዚያን ጊዜም የተለያዩ የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊው የሎውላንላንድ ህዝቦች ሀበሻ ብለው ይጠሩታል ግን ለ እንደ ሃይላንድርስ) ፣ በአንድ ጊዜ በኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች የሚኖሩት አብዛኞቹ ሰዎች የምሥራቅ ኦርቶዶክስ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ የክርስቲያን ሃይማኖት ተከታዮችም ይሆናሉ ፡፡. እነዚህ የጥንት የምዕራባውያን ታሪክ ጸሐፊዎች እና የእነሱ ተተኪ የሆኑት የዘመናዊ ምዕራባዊ ጸሐፊዎች ይህንን ሲገልጹ በወቅቱ ከነበረው የበላይ የሃይማኖት ቡድን ጋር አንድ ትልቅና ልዩ ልዩ ፓን-ዘረኝነትን በማስተሳሰር የሐሰት ሐበሻ ማህበረሰብ እና የፓን-ጎሳ ቡድን የብሔር-ኃይማኖት ቡድን እንዲመስል አድርገዋል ( ማለትም መስሎ እንዲታይ ማድረግ-ሀበሻ ለመሆን አንድ ሰው የኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ክርስትና ተከታይ መሆን አለበት ፣ በእውነቱ በእውነቱ እጅግ በጣም ወግ አጥባቂ ወይም በጣም ጠበቅ ያለ ትርጉም እንኳ በማኅበረሰቡ ውስጥ አይናገርም ፣ ምንም እንኳን በኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራዊ ቢሆንም ደጋማ ቦታዎች እንደ ሙስሊም ፣ ፔንታይ የወንጌላውያን ፕሮቴስታንት ክርስቲያኖች ያሉ የተለያዩ ሃይማኖታዊ እምነቶች ሰዎች ነበሩ፣ እና በዚያው በኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራ ውስጥ የበላይ የሆነው የሃይማኖት ቡድን የኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ክርስቲያኖች ቢሆኑም ሁሌም ሀበሻ ብለው የሚጠሩት አንዳንድ የፓጋን-አኒምስቶች ፡፡

ምንም እንኳን እጅግ በጣም ብቸኛ እስከ አጠቃላይ የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ እስከሚያጠቃልለው ድረስ የተለያዩ ህጋዊ የሐበሻ ትርጓሜዎች ቢኖሩም ፣ በተሳሳተ ምዕራባዊያን እና አውሮፓውያን የታሪክ ጸሐፊዎች ፣ እና በጥቂት የኦርቶዶክስ ሃይላንድ ላዕላይ ልዕለ-ተአማኒነት የተደገፈው የዘር-ሃይማኖታዊ ክርክር የተለያዩ የህጋዊ ትርጓሜዎች የሀበሻ አይዲነት ፡፡ በአጠቃላይ ግን ፣ እጅግ በጣም በሰፊው ስሜት ዛሬ ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው አብዛኛዎቹ የሐበሻ ጅልነት ክስተቶች ሁሉንም የኢትዮጵያ ፣ የኤርትራ እና የኢትዮ-ኤርትራን የዲያስፖራ የዘር ቡድኖች ያካተተ ነው ፡፡

== ሐበሻ ማህበረሰብ ==
የሀበሻ ህዝብ ወይም የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ በኢትዮጵያ ፣ በኤርትራ እና በዲያስፖራ ማህበረሰቦቻቸው የተገኙ የበርካታ ብሄረሰቦች ስብስብ ነው ፡፡ በማህበረሰቡ ውስጥም ሆነ ከማህበረሰቡ ውጭ የሀበሻ ህዝቦች በመባል የሚታወቁት የዚህ ብሄረሰቦች ቡድን ምን ምን እንደሆኑ የተለያዩ ትርጓሜዎች አሉ ፡፡ ሁሉም የቃሉ ዋና ትርጓሜዎች በዝርዝር ተዘርዝረዋል ፡፡

=== የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ እይታ ===
የሐበሻ ሕዝቦች (ግእዝ ስክሪፕት-ሐበሻ ሓበሻ ፣ ሀበሻ ፣ ሀበሻ ፣ ሃበሻ ፣ ሮማንኛ የተባሉ-Ḥabäša, Ḥäbäša, Häbäša, Habäša, Abesha; - ሌሎች የአገሬው ተወላጅ ስሞች - ወይም በግሪክኛ የተተረጎሙ [እንደ]: Αἰθίοψ በሮማንኛ የተተረጎመው አቲዮፕስ (“ ኢትዮጵያዊ &quot;) ፣ ሀበሻ ወይም የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ በኢትዮጵያ ፣ በኤርትራ እና በዲያስፖራ ውስጥ ባሉ የኤርትራውያን እና ኢትዮጵያውያን ማህበረሰቦች ውስጥ እንደ ባህላዊ መለያ እና የበርካታ ተዛማጅ ጎሳዎች እና ባህሎች ስብስብ ሆኖ የሚያገለግል ሰፊ ትርጉም ያለው ቃል ነው እነሱ የተለያዩ እና እርስ በእርስ የሚዛመዱ ባህሎች እና ትውልደ ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊ የሆኑ ትርጓሜ ያላቸው ልዩ ልዩ ባህላዊ ማህበረሰቦች ናቸው ፡፡በመጨረሻው ስም ሀበሻ (የግእዝ ስክሪፕት ሀበሻ) መሆን ሀ ፓን-ጎሳ እና “የበላይ-ብሄራዊ” ቃል ከኢትዮጵያ ፣ ከኤርትራ የተለያዩ ሕዝቦች ፣ ባህሎችና ምርቶች ጋር የተዛመደ ነው ፣ የእነዚህን ሁለቱንም ሀገሮች ያካተቱ ጎሳዎች እና የኤርትራ እና ትውልደ ኢትዮጵያዊያን የሚኖሩ እና ያኖሩ ያላቸውን ዜግነት ወይም የመኖሪያ ሀገር ምንም ይሁን ምን በውጭ አገር ይኖራል። በባህሪያቸው የተገናኙ ባህላዊና ታሪካዊ የጋራዎቻቸውን ለመሰየም እንደ ቃል ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል ፡፡ መደበኛ ባልሆኑ ሁኔታዎች ውስጥ ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ኤርትራዊያን ሀገራቸውን እና ብሄራዊ አመጣጣቸውን በሚመለከቱበት ቦታ ላይ ሀበሻ የሚለውን ስም ይጠቀማሉ (ገእዝ ስክሪፕት ሀበሻ) እና አገራትም ሆነ አገራት ወይም ከዚያ የሚመነጩ ርዕሰ ጉዳዮች ፡፡ ከታሪክ አኳያ አብዛኛዎቹ የምስራቅ ክርስትያን ምስራቅ ክርስትያኖች መነሻቸው በኢትዮጵያ ግዛት ግዛት ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ቤተክርስቲያን ውስጥ ነው ፣ ከዚያ በኋላ የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ እና የኤርትራ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ አብያተክርስቲያናት ይሆናሉ የተባለው አካል ግን ህዝቡም በርካታ ተከታዮች አሉት ፡፡ እንደ ሌሎች የኢትዮጵያ-ኤርትራ ወንጌላውያን አብያተ ክርስቲያናት እና ካቶሊኮች (የምስራቅ ካቶሊኮች) የኢትዮጵያ ካቶሊካዊት ቤተክርስቲያን እና የኤርትራ ካቶሊክ ቤተክርስቲያን እንዲሁም የእስልምና እና የአይሁድ እምነት አይሁድ (ቤታ እስራኤል) አናሳዎች ፡፡ &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Mamo, Heran. “Habeshas around the globe mourn Nipsey Hussle: “It hit our community a different way””. ''University of Southern California’s Annenberg Media Center''. http://www.uscannenbergmedia.com/2019/04/08/habeshas-around-the-globe-mourn-nipsey-hussle-it-hit-our-community-a-different-way/.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Goitom, Mary (2017). “‘Unconventional Canadians’: Second-generation ‘Habesha’ youth and belonging in Toronto, Canada”. Global Social Welfare. Springer. 4 (4): 179–190. doi:10.1007/s40609–017–0098–0. [31.031.131.231.3] .&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Goitom, M. (2012). Becoming habesha: The journey of second-generation ethiopian and eritrean youth in canada (Order No. NR91110). Available from ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global. ([[1]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Oliphant, S. M. (2015). ''The impact of social networks on the immigration experience of ethiopian women'' (Order No. 3705725). Available from Ethnic NewsWatch; ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global. (1691345929)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=staff|first=Washington Post|title=Review {{!}} Our favorite takeout in D.C. for nights when there’s no chance we’re cooking|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/our-favorite-dc-takeout-spots-for-nights-when-dinner-must-be-had-in-pajamas/2018/01/03/0305db7a-e438-11e7-833f-155031558ff4_story.html|access-date=2021-04-27|issn=0190-8286}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Afeworki, and Niat. “Eritrean Nationalism and the Digital Diaspora: Expanding Diasporic Networks via Twitter.” EScholarship, University of California, 1 Feb. 2018, escholarship.org/uc/item/8bz6s6m0&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Giorgis|first=Hannah|date=2019-04-04|title=Nipsey Hussle’s Eritrean American Dream|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/04/nipsey-hussle-la-rappers-eritrean-american-dream/586474/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-15|title=Cultural Atlas — Ethiopian Culture - Core Concepts|url=https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/ethiopian-culture/ethiopian-culture-core-concepts|access-date=2021-04-27|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-09-22|archivedate=2020-03-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315030419/https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/ethiopian-culture/ethiopian-culture-core-concepts}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ethiopian Culture - Core Concepts|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/ethiopian-culture/ethiopian-culture-core-concepts|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;ABEDI-ANIM, MECHERRI DENISE. “BOUND BY BLACKNESS: AFRICAN MIGRATION, BLACK IDENTITY, AND LINKED FATE IN POST-CIVIL RIGHTS AMERICA.” ''Department of Sociology-Graduate School of the University of Oregon'', https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/22696/AbediAnim_oregon_0171A_11896.pdf?sequence=1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;kitsch (2017-01-18). &quot;[https://kitschcornell.wordpress.com/2017/01/18/being-habesha-in-a-black-and-white-world-a-racial-identity-crisis/ Being Habesha in a Black and White World: A Racial Identity Crisis]&quot;. [https://issuu.com/kitschmag/docs/fall_master_ K''itsch Magazine of Cornell University''] (Fall 2016 Issue). Retrieved 2021-04-27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnxeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT39&amp;lpg=PT39&amp;dq=are+there+%22Habesha%22+people+that+are%22+muslim%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=EL9z8fseV2&amp;sig=ACfU3U1FkocZ479ESJiZ6bo1FgAU-Wbr1Q&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi4p8vR8PfrAhUwoHIEHY0tACo4HhDoATAJegQICRAB#v=onepage&amp;q=are%20there%20%22Habesha%22%20people%20that%20are%22%20muslim%22&amp;f=false|title=Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia: Monarchy, Revolution and the Legacy of Meles Zenawi|last=Prunier|first=Gérard|last2=Ficquet|first2=Éloi|date=2015-09-15|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-84904-618-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ማብራሪያ ====
ሀበሻ የተለያዩ ትርጉሞች ያሉት ስም ነው ፡፡ ተመሳሳይ እና ልዩ ባህሎች ያሏቸው የበርካታ ተዛማጅ ጎሳዎች ቡድን የበላይነት ነው ፡፡ ከሰው ጎሳ ፣ ብሄራዊ ማንነት እና ዜግነት በላይ የሚሄድ ባህላዊ ማንነት ነው ፡፡ ሀበሻ በርካታ የተለያዩ ብሄረሰቦችን እና የኤርትራ እና የኢትዮ Ethiopiaያ ህዝቦች ልዩ ባህሎችን የያዘ ባህላዊ ማህበረሰብ ሲሆን ሁለት ዋና ዋና ትርጓሜዎች አሉት ፡፡

አንድ ትርጓሜ የሃበሻ ሜታ-ጎሳ ፍች ነው ፣ እሱም ቅድመ አያቶቻቸው በኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች ለብዙ ትውልዶች የኖሩ ሰዎችን ለማመልከት የሚያገለግል ሲሆን በአጠቃላይ የኢትዮሴማዊ እና የአገው ቋንቋዎችን የሚናገሩ እና ከአንድ የዘር ሀረግ የተገኙ ወይም የተዛመዱ ናቸው ፡፡ ባህሎቻቸው አንዳቸው ከሌላው ተለይተው መሰራጨት ከመጀመራቸው በፊት የዘር ሐረግ ወይም የአያት ባህል። ሀበሻት በመባል ይታወቁ ነበር ፡፡ ሐበሻት (ግእዝ ሐበሻይት) ወይም ሐበሻ ሕዝቦች የሚለው ቃል ብዙ ሰዎች ከሐበሻ ጋር ግራ የሚያጋቡት ተመሳሳይ ቃል ነው ፣ ግን ቃሉ በአጠቃላይ ብቸኛ እና ለኢትዮሴማዊ ተናጋሪ (እና በተወሰኑ ጉዳዮች ማዕከላዊ ኩሽቲክ (አገው)) ላይ ብቻ የሚያገለግል ነው - ተናጋሪ) በሰሜናዊ ኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች የሚገኙ የአክሱም ንጉሠ ነገሥት ውድቀት በኋላ በሰሜን-መካከለኛው ኢትዮጵያ / ኤርትራ ሰፍረው ወደ ደቡብ እና ወደ ደቡብ ተጉዘው የተጓዙ የአክሱም መንግሥት የአጋዚ ተወላጆች ናቸው ተብሎ ይታመናል ፡፡ (እና በተወሰኑ ጉዳዮች ላይ የዛጋው ኪግዶም የአገው ህዝብ በሰሜን መካከለኛው ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የፖለቲካ ማእከል በሆነበት የማያቋርጥ ግንኙነት ፣ በፖለቲካ ህብረት እና በአንዳንድ ሁኔታዎች ከሰፈሩት የአጋዚ ዘሮች ጋር ይገናኛል); የትርፍ ሰዓት ሀበሻት ተመሳሳይ ቋንቋዎችን ወደ ሚናገሩ የተለያዩ የተለያዩ ግን ተቀራራቢ ብሄረሰቦች ተከፋፈለ ፡፡

ሌላኛው ትርጓሜ የሀበሻ የፓን-ጎሳ ትርጉም ነው ፣ እሱም ቀደም ሲል ቅድመ አያቶቹ ከመላው ኢትዮጵያ እና ከኤርትራ የመጡትን ሁሉንም ሕዝቦች እና ጎሳዎች ለማመልከት ይጠቅሳል ፡፡ ይህ ማለት የሀበሻ ባህል የሁለት እና የኢትዮ Eritreaያ እና የኤርትራ ዋና ዋና ባህሎች ፣ ሁለቱን አገራት ያካተቱ የ 80 ወይም ከዚያ በላይ ብሄረሰቦች ባህሎች እና ባህላዊ ልምዶችን ጨምሮ በርካታ ተመሳሳይ ግን ልዩ ባህሎች ያካተተ ነው ማለት ነው ፡፡ ብዙው የዲያስፖራ ህዝብ ከቀድሞዎቹ የትውልድ አገራቸው ኢትዮጵያ እና ኤርትራ ውጭ የሚኖሩትን ያደገው ከአገሮች ነው ፡፡

የሰሜን ኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ተናጋሪ የኢትዮemማዊ እና ማዕከላዊ ኩሽቲክ (አገው) ህዝቦች እርስ በእርሳቸው ሜታ-ጎሳ ትስስር ያላቸው እና አንድ የጋራ ታሪክ አላቸው ፡፡ የኢትዮemማዊ ተናጋሪ ሕዝቦች እርስ በእርሳቸው የተለያዩ ግን ተመሳሳይ ቋንቋዎችን ይናገራሉ; ተናጋሪ የሆኑት የአገው (ማዕከላዊ ኩሽቲክ) ሕዝቦችም እንዲሁ እርስ በርሳቸው ተመሳሳይ ግንኙነት አላቸው ፡፡

ሌሎቹ የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ህዝቦች ሜታ-በጎሳ ሀበሻ አይደሉም ግን እንደ ብሄር ብሄረሰብ ሊቆጠሩ ይችላሉ ፡፡ በሌላ አገላለጽ ኩሺቲክ ተናጋሪ ፣ ኦሞቲክ ተናጋሪ እና ኒሎቲክ ተናጋሪ የሆኑ የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ህዝቦች የራሳቸው የሆነ ሜታ-ብሄረሰቦች ፣ የተለያዩ ባህሎች እና በመጠኑም ቢሆን የተለያዩ ታሪኮች አሏቸው ፡፡

የሀበሻ ፓን-ብሄረሰብ ማንነት በአብዛኛው የመካከለኛው ኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ህዝቦች እንዲሁም ዲያስፖራዎች ይጠቀሙበት ነበር ፡፡ ይህ የፓን-ጎሳ ማንነት የተከሰተው የሰሜን እና የደቡብ ኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ባህሎችና ህዝቦች በመካከለኛው ኢትዮጵያ -ኤርትራ አካባቢዎች እና በተለይም በሚታዩት ዲያስፖራዎች ውስጥ በሚገኙ የተለያዩ ባህሎች እና ብሄረሰቦች መካከል ወደ መግባባት የሚመሩ እርስ በእርስ መግባባት ስለጀመሩ ነው ፡፡ ከባህላዊ የትውልድ አገራቸው ከኤርትራ እና ከኢትዮ outsideያ ውጭ ከሌሎች ሰዎች ቡድኖች ጋር በባህል በባህል ቅርበት ያላቸው ናቸው ፡፡

በጣም ብዙ ጊዜ ቃሉ በአብዛኛው የምስራቅ ክርስቲያን ለሆኑ ቡድኖች ያገለግላል ፡፡ ሀበሻ ወይ ክርስቲያን ወይም ሙስሊም ነው ፣ አንዳንዶቹ እንደ ቤታ እስራኤል አይሁዶች ናቸው ፡፡ ከጠቅላላው የሃይማኖት ህዝብ ብዛት ያላቸው አናሳዎች ሙስሊም ናቸው ፣ አብዛኛዎቹ ሱኒዎች ናቸው ፣ ጥቂቶች የሱፊ ትዕዛዞች ናቸው ፡፡ በክርስቲያን ህዝብ ውስጥ አብዛኛዎቹ የኢትዮentalያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ እና የኤርትራ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ (ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ) አብያተ ክርስቲያናት ምስራቃዊ ኦርቶዶክስ ሲሆኑ ፕሮቴስታንቶች (ምስራቃዊ ፕሮቴስታንቶች) እንደ ፔንታይ / የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ወንጌላውያን ያሉ አናሳ እና ካቶሊኮች ናቸው ፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ ካቶሊካዊት ቤተክርስቲያን እና የኤርትራ ካቶሊክ ቤተክርስቲያን ምስራቃዊ ካቶሊኮች) አሉ ፣ እና ከሚታወቁት በጣም ጥንታዊ የክርስቲያን ቡድኖች ውስጥ ናቸው ፡፡

ሀበሻ ብለው የሚጠሩት ትክክለኛ ቁጥር የማይታወቅ ነው ፣ ምክንያቱም የሀበሻን ማንነት የሚገልጽ ህጋዊ ትርጉም ስለሌለ በባህላዊ ማንነት ማንነት ላይ ብቻ በመለየት ላይ የተመሠረተ ነው ፡፡ የሀበሻን ህዝብ ማንነት ለማደናገር የሚደረጉ አብዛኞቹ ሙከራዎች በአጠቃላይ የሀበሻን ባህላዊ ማንነት በመለየታቸው እጅግ በጣም ብዙ በመሆናቸው ወደ ከፍተኛ ስውርነት የሚያመሩ ሲሆን አብዛኛውን ጊዜ በባህላዊው የትውልድ አገራቸውን ለቀው የወጡ የዲያስፖራ ትርጓሜዎች ሁሉ የሀበሻ ህዝቦች ቁጥር ሙሉ በሙሉ ችላ ይባላል ፡፡ .

==== ተዛማጅ ውሎች ====

===== ሀበሻት =====
ሐበሻት (ግእዝ-ሐበሻይት) ወይም ሐበሻ ሕዝቦች የሚለው ቃል ብዙ ሰዎች ከሐበሻ ጋር ግራ የሚያጋቡት ተመሳሳይ ቃል ነው ፣ ግን ቃሉ በአጠቃላይ ብቸኛ እና ለኢትዮሴማዊ ተናጋሪ (እና በተወሰኑ ጉዳዮች ማዕከላዊ ኩሽቲክ (አገው)) ላይ ብቻ የሚያገለግል ነው - ተናጋሪ) በሰሜናዊ ኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች የሚገኙ የአክሱም ንጉሠ ነገሥት ውድቀት በኋላ በሰሜን-መካከለኛው ኢትዮጵያ / ኤርትራ ሰፍረው ወደ ደቡብ እና ወደ ደቡብ ተጉዘው የተጓዙ የአክሱም መንግሥት የአጋዚ ተወላጆች ናቸው ተብሎ ይታመናል ፡፡ (እና በተወሰኑ ጉዳዮች ላይ የዛጋው ኪግዶም የአገው ህዝብ በሰሜን መካከለኛው ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የፖለቲካ ማእከል በሆነበት የማያቋርጥ ግንኙነት ፣ በፖለቲካ ህብረት እና በአንዳንድ ሁኔታዎች ከሰፈሩት የአጋዚ ዘሮች ጋር ይገናኛል); በትርፍ ሰዓት የሀበሻት ተመሳሳይ ቋንቋዎችን ወደ ሚናገሩ የተለያዩ የተለያዩ ግን ተቀራራቢ ብሄረሰቦች ተከፋፈለ ፡፡

===== አል-ሀበሽ ፣ ሀቢሺ ፣ አል-ሀበሻ እና ሀበሻስታን =====
አል-ሐበሽ የሚለው ቃል (አረብኛ ፦ الهباش ፣ romanzazed: አል-ሐባሽ) የሚለው ቃል በአፍሪካ ቀንድ ውስጥ የሚገኝ የዛሬይቱ ኤርትራ ፣ ኢትዮጵያ እና የደጋማ አካባቢዎችን ያካተተ ጥንታዊ ክልል ነዋሪዎች ስም ነው ፡፡ ከክልሉ ውጭ ያሉ አካባቢዎች (ወደ ሶማሊያ እና ጅቡቲ የሚዘልቁ አንዳንድ ምንጮች እንደሚሉት) ቃሉ የተወሰደው ዘ-ሐበሻ ከሚለው ቃል ነው ፡፡ የተለያዩ የሃይላንድ ሀበሻ ቡድኖች (እንደ አማራው እና ትግራይ ያሉ) የክልል መስፋፋት ከሰሜን እና ኦሮሞ እና ሌሎች ሃይላንድ ያልሆኑ ሆርን አፍሪካውያን ቡድኖች ደቡብን አጎራባች አከባቢዎችን በማሸነፍ (በመጨረሻም ወደ ደቡብ እየሰፉ) ይመጣሉ ፡፡ በክልሎች መስፋፋት እና የህብረተሰቦች ውህደት ምክንያት አል-ሀበሽ ፣ ሀበሻ እና የግሪክ ተመሳሳይ “ኢትዮጵያዊ” የሚሉት ቃላት በአዲሶቹ ግዛቶች እና ነዋሪዎ over ላይ የተስፋፉ ሲሆን በኋላም ወደ ኢትዮጵያ ግዛት (ምዕራባውያኑ አቢሲኒያ ብለው ይጠሩት ነበር) ተለውጧል ፡፡ የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ ፡፡ ሀቢሺ የሚለው ቃል (አረብኛ ፦ romَبِيْشي ፣ romanzazed: Ḥabīshī) የአረብኛ ቋንቋን ሲጠቀሙ ለታሪክ ሰዎች ሁሉ እንደ አጋንንት ሆኖ ለኢትዮጵያ ህዝብ ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል ፣ በቱርክ ቋንቋ የኢትዮጵያ እና የኤርትራ ሀገሮች በታሪክ ሀበሻስታን ተብለው ተጠርተዋል ( ቱርክኛ-ሀቤኪስታን ፣ በሮማንኛ የተተረጎመ-ሀበሽስታን) እና በአረብኛ ቋንቋ በእውቀት (ኮግኒግ) በታሪክ አል-ሀበሻ (አረብኛ الحبشة ፣ ሮማንኛ-አል-ሀበሻ) ተብሎ ለሁለቱም ቃላት ሀበሻ ከሚለው ስም ጋር ተመሳሳይ ነው ፡፡ ስክሪፕት ሀበሻ)።

===== አቢሲኒያ ፣ አቢሲኒያ እና አቢሲኒያ ሕዝቦች =====
የምዕራባውያኑ በአል-ሐበሽ የሚለው ቃል ሙስና ወይም የተሳሳተ አጠራር የሚወጣው የአቢሲኒያ ፣ የአቢሲኒያ እና የአቢሲኒያ ሕዝቦች ውሎች በአንዳንድ የኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ጸሐፊዎች “ሀበሻ” ፣ “ሀበሻት” ፣ “ አል-ሐበሽ ፣ ”እና የኢትዮጵያ ኢምፓየር ዜጎች (እና በአወዛጋቢነት አቢሲኒያ በመባልም ይታወቃል) የዜጎች አጋንንታዊ ስም ፡፡ የታሪክ ምሁራን ኢቫ ፖሉሃ እና እሌሁ ፈለቀ ፣ ኢትዮጵያ እና አቢሲኒያ በሚሉት ስሞች መካከል የተደረገው ልዩነት (የሀበሻ ሙስና ወይም የተሳሳተ አጠራር) ሰው ሰራሽ ነው እናም በወቅቱ ያልነበረ ወይም በኢትዮጵያ ግዛት ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ያልዋለ ፣ አቢሲኒያ ይላሉ ፡፡ “ከአረብኛ ስም” አል-ሐበሽ የተገኘ የአውሮፓ ፍጥረት ነው ፡፡ በሌላ አገላለጽ አቢሲኒያን እና ተዋጽኦዎቹ የሚለው ቃል በሀበሻ ማህበረሰብ እና በአሁኑ ኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ የኢትዮጵያ ኢምፓየር ህዝቦች መካከል “ሰው ሰራሽ” ልዩነት እንዲኖር የሚያደርጉ ተወዳጅ ያልሆኑ የውጭ ቃላት ናቸው ፡፡ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=EVA POLUHA &amp; ELEHU FELEKE|title=THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX: ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY AND (UNDER) DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIA|url=http://poluhafeleke.com.preview.binero.se/The-book/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-27|website=poluhafeleke.com.preview.binero.se|language=de-DE|accessdate=2021-04-28|archivedate=2021-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429232234/http://poluhafeleke.com.preview.binero.se/The-book/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== የኢትዮጵያ እና የሐበሻ ውሎች አመጣጥ =====
የአክሱማይት ኢምፓየር ንብረት የሆነው የሦስተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የተቀረጸው የመታሰቢያ ሐውልት አዱሊታንቱም ፣ የአክሱም ገዥ በወቅቱ ምዕራባዊው የኢትዮጵያ ክፍል እና ሳሱ የተባሉትን አንድ ክልል ያስተዳደረ መሆኑን ያመለክታል ፡፡ የአክሱማዊው ንጉስ ኢዛና በቀጣዩ ምዕተ ዓመት ኑቢያን ያሸንፋል እናም አኩሱማውያን ከዚያ በኋላ በግሪክ ቋንቋ ሲጽፉ “ኢትዮጵያውያን” የሚል ስያሜ ለራሳቸው መንግሥት አደረጉ ፡፡ በ ‹ኢዛና› ጽሑፍ ላይ በግእዝ ቋንቋ ቅጅ ውስጥ Aἰθιόποι ያልተጣራ Ḥbšt እና Ḥbśt (Ḥባሻት) ጋር የሚመሳሰል ሲሆን ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ በጌኤዝ እና ሳቢክ ሲጽፉ ወይም ሲናገሩ የአክሱም ደጋማ ነዋሪዎች ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ያመለክታሉ ፡፡ ይህ አዲስ የአጋንንት ስም ከዚያ በኋላ በሳቢክ ‹ḥbs (’ Aḥbash) እና በአረብኛ እንደ አል-አባባሻ ፣ በጌኤዝ ስክሪፕት እንደ ሐበሻ ተብሎ ይተረጎማል (ሀበሻ ፣ ሀበሻ ፣ ሀበሻ ፣ ወይም ሃበሻ ፣ ሮማንኛ-äabäša, Ḥäbäša, Häbäša, ሀቢሻ) ከግሪክ “Aἰθιόποι” ፣ በሮሜኛ የተተካው አይቲፕፕስ (“ኢትዮጵያዊ”)) ዛሬ ኢትዮጵያ ዘመናዊቷን የኢፌዴሪ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክን የሚያመለክት ሲሆን ሀበሻ (ግእዝ ስክሪፕት ሀበሻ) መደበኛ ባልሆኑ መቼቶች ኢትዮጵያውያን እና ... ኤርትራዊያን በየአገሮቻቸው ምትክ እና ብሄራዊ መነሻዎች (አጋንንታዊ) አጋንንታዊ በሆኑ ርዕሶች ለሁለቱም ሀገሮች እና ባህሎች ወይም ከዚያ ለሚነሱ ነገሮች ይተገበራሉ ፡፡

===== የሀበሻ ማህበረሰብን ያካተቱ ብሄረሰቦች ዝርዝር =====
አሪ ፣ አፋር ፣ አገው-አዊ ፣ አገው-ሀሚራ ፣ አላባ ፣ አማራ ፣ አኙዋክ ፣ አርቦሬ ፣ አርጎባባ ፣ ባጫ ፣ ባስኬቶ ፣ ቤና ፣ ቤንች ፣ በርታ ፣ ቦዲ ፣ ብሬሌ ፣ ቡርጂ ፣ ጫራ ፣ ዳሳናች ፣ ዳውሮ ፣ ደባሴ / ጎዋዳ ፣ ዲሜ ፣ ዲራshe ፣ ዲዚ ፣ ዶንጋ ፣ ፌዴashe ፣ ቤታ እስራኤል (ኢትዮጵያውያን አይሁዶች) ፣ ጋሞ ፣ ገባቶ ፣ ጌዴኦ ፣ ጌዲቾ ፣ ጊዶሌ ፣ ጎፋ (የጎፋ ሰዎች) ፣ ጉሙዝ ፣ ጉራጌ ፣ ሀዲያ ፣ ሀማር ፣ ሀረሪ ፣ ኢሮብ ፣ ካፊፊቾ ፣ ካምባጣ ፣ ካሮ ፣ ኮሞ ፣ ኮንሶ ፣ ኮንታ ፣ ቆሬ ፣ ኮዬጎ ፣ ኩናማ ፣ ኩሱሚ ፣ ክጉጉ ፣ ማጃንጊር ፣ ማሌ ፣ ማኦ ፣ ማረቆ ፣ ማሾላ ፣ መኤን ፣ የመሬ ህዝብ ፣ መሰንጎ ፣ ሞሲዬ ፣ ሙርሌ ፣ ሙርሲ ፣ ናኦ ፣ ኑር ፣ ንያንጋቶም ፣ ኦሮሞ ፣ ኦይዳ ፣ ቄቤና ፣ ቼኬም ፣ ቄዋማ ፣ ke ፣ ሸኬቾ ፣ ዛምታ ፣ ቅማንት ፣ ሸኮ ፣ ሺናሻ ፣ ሺታ / ኡፖ ፣ ሲዳማ ፣ ስልጤ ፣ ትግሬዎች ፣ ሶማሌ (ኦጌን ክልል) ፣ ሱርማ ፣ ተምባሮ ፣ ትግራዮች (ትግራ-ትግሪኛ) ፣ ፀማይ ፣ ወላይታ ፣ ወርጂ ፣ ዘልማም (ባሌ) ፣ ዘየሴ ፣ ትግሬ ፣ ሳሆ ፣ ቢሌን ፣ ናራ ፣ የም ወዘተ ... የኢትዮጵያ አውስትራሊያኖች ፣ የኢትዮጵያ ካናዳውያን ፣ እስራኤል አይሁዶች በእስራኤል ፣ በእንግሊዝ ያሉ ኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ኢትዮጵያውያን አሜሪካውያን ፣ ኢትዮጵያውያን በዴንማርክ ፣ ጀርመን ያሉ ኢትዮጵያውያን ፣ ኢትዮጵያውያን በኤን orway ፣ ኢትዮጵያውያን በስዊድን ፣ ኤርትራዊያን አሜሪካውያን ፣ ኤርትራዊ ካናዳውያን ፣ ኤርትራዊያን በዴንማርክ ፣ በኖርዌይ ኤርትራውያን ፣ በስዊድን የሚገኙ ኤርትራዊያኖች ፣ በእንግሊዝ ያሉ ኤርትራዊያን ወዘተ እና ሌሎችም የተቀናበሩ ብሄረሰቦች ፡፡

=== የውጭ  ሰዎች (ፈረንጊ) አመለካከት ===
የሐበሻ ሕዝቦች (ግእዝ-ሐበሻዊነት ፣ በሮማንኛነት-äśäbäśät ወይም Ḥabäśät ፤ አማርኛ-ሐበሻ ፣ አበሻ ፣ ሮማንኛ-ሆብሳሳ ፣ ‘äbäša; Template: Lang-ti ፣ በእንግሊዝኛ ከእንግሊዝኛ“ አቢሲኒያ ”እና“ አቢሲኒያኖች ”ጋር በላቲን ቋንቋ) በዋናነት በኢትዮጵያ እና በኤርትራ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች የሚገኙ ሴማዊ ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ ሕዝቦችን ለማመልከት በተደጋጋሚ የሚሠራ የጎሳ (ወይም የፓን-ጎሳ) መለያ ነው ፡፡ ከታሪክ አኳያ ይህ ቃል ለአብዛኞቹ ክርስቲያናዊ ቡድኖች የተተገበረ ሲሆን ይህ አጠቃቀሙ ዛሬም የተለመደ ነው ፡፡ ቃሉ በማግለል እና በማካተት የተለያዩ ደረጃዎች ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ውሏል-በአብዛኛው ፣ እሱ ሁሉንም የደጋ ሴማዊ ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ ክርስቲያኖችን ያጠቃልላል ፡፡ አንዳንድ ጊዜ ሙስሊም ማህበረሰቦችን እንዲሁም ክርስቲያኖችን ለማካተት በተስፋፋ ስሜት ውስጥ ይሠራል ፡፡ በፅንፍ ላይ ፣ ቃሉ በአሁኑ ጊዜ አንዳንድ ጊዜ በትግሪኛ ተናጋሪዎችን ብቻ ለማመልከት በሚገደብ ስሜት ውስጥ ተቀጥሮ የሚሠራ ሲሆን ፣ በቅርብ ጊዜ ውስጥ በዲያስፖራ ማኅበረሰብ ውስጥ ያሉ አንዳንድ ሰዎች ቃሉን የተቀበሉት ሁሉንም የኤርትራ ወይም የኢትዮጵያን ተወላጆች ለማመልከት ነው ፡፡

ከታሪክ አኳያ “ሀበሻ” የሚለው ቃል የሰሜን ኢትዮጵያ ሃይላንድ ኦርቶዶክስ ክርስቲያኖችን የሚያመለክት ሲሆን ኦሮሞዎች እና ሌሎች ብሄረሰቦች እንዲሁም ሙስሊሞች እንደ ዳር ድንበር ተቆጥረዋል ፡፡ ምንም እንኳን የእንግሊዝኛ አጠቃቀሙ ሁልጊዜ አማራዎችን እና ሁሉንም የደጋ ሴማዊ ተናጋሪ ሕዝቦችን ሁሉ የሚያጠቃልል ቢሆንም ፣ አንድ በጣም ገዳቢ የሆነ የቃላት አጠቃቀም በትግራይ ተወላጆች ላይ ብቻ የሚያመለክተው ትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎችን ብቻ ነው ፡፡ እንደ ‹ትግሬ› ባሉ የኤርትራ ደጋማ አካባቢዎች ውስጥ በሙስሊም ጎሳዎች የተያዙት ጎሳዎች በታሪክ ሀበሻ የሚለውን ስም ተቃውመዋል ፡፡ ሙስሊም ትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎቹ ብዙውን ጊዜ እንደ ጀበርቲ ሰዎች ይጠራሉ ፡፡ በ 20 ኛው መቶ ክፍለዘመን መባቻ ላይ የሰለሞናዊው ሥርወ መንግሥት ቁንጮዎች የተለያዩ ጎሳዎችን ወደ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ክርስትና በመቀየር የአማርኛውንና የትግርኛ ቋንቋዎችን በመጫን አንድ የጋራ የሐበሻ ብሔራዊ ማንነት እንዲስፋፋ አድርገው ነበር ፡፡

በኢትዮጵያና በኤርትራ በዲያስፖራውያን ሕዝቦች መካከል አንዳንድ የሁለተኛ ትውልድ ስደተኞች “ሐበሻ” የሚለውን ቃል በሰፊው ስሜት ሁሉንም ኤርትራዊያን እና ኢትዮጵያውያንን ያካተተ የበላይ ብሄረሰብ መለያ አድርገው ተቀብለዋል ፡፡ ቃሉን ለሚቀጥሩ ሰዎች እንደ “አማራ” ወይም “ትግራዋይ” ላሉ ይበልጥ ለማግለል የሚረዱ ማንነቶች እንደ ጠቃሚ ቆጣሪ ሆኖ ያገለግላል ፡፡ ሆኖም ፣ ይህ አጠቃቀሙ ያልተወዳዳሪ አይደለም በአንድ በኩል በኢትዮጵያ ወይም በኤርትራ ያደጉ ብሄራዊ ልዩነትን ማደብዘዝን ይቃወማሉ ፡፡ 186-188 በሌላ በኩል ደግሞ በኢትዮጵያ ወይም በኤርትራ ተገዢ የነበሩ ቡድኖች አንዳንድ ጊዜ ቃል አስጸያፊ

ዘመናዊው ቃል ከሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች የተገኘ ነው-ግእዝ-ሀበሻን ፣ romanized zedabäśät ፣ በመጀመሪያ ባልተደገፈ ፊደል እንደ ግእዝ-ሀበሳዊነት ፣ ሮማንኛ ḤBŚT; አብነት: ላንግ- xsa; አረብኛ حبش ፣ ሮማዊ በሆነ መልኩ-ḥabaš. የሚለው ቃል ቀደምትነቱ የታወቀው ከሁለተኛው ወይም ከሦስተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ጀምሮ የሳባውያን ጽሑፍ የተቀረፀው የአኩሱም እና ḤBŠT ንጉስ (“ንጉስ”) GDRT ሽንፈት ነው ፡፡ የጥንት ሴማዊ ቃል ከአንድ የተወሰነ ጎሳ ይልቅ የህዝቦችን ስብስብ የሚያመለክት ይመስላል።

የግብፅ የተቀረጹ ጽሑፎች በuntንት ውስጥ የነገ Temቸውን ሰዎች እንደ አብነት ይጠቅሳሉ-ላንግ-ኤጊ ፣ “ጺማቸውን የያዙት” ፡፡ ፍራንሲስ ብሬየር የግብፃዊው አጋንንት / ሴማዊ / የሴማዊ ቃል ምንጭ ነው ብሎ ያምናል ፡፡

የላቲን አቢሲንስሲስ የመጀመሪያ ማረጋገጫ ከአምስተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን እዘአ ነው ፡፡ እንግሊዝኛን ጨምሮ ዘመናዊ የምዕራብ አውሮፓ ቋንቋዎች ይህን ቃል በአሥራ ስድስተኛው ክፍለዘመን አጋማሽ ላይ ከአቢሲኒ ድህረ-ክላሲክ ቅጽ የሚዋስ ይመስላል። (እንግሊዛዊው አቢሲን ከ 1576 ፣ እና አቢሲኒያ እና አቢሲኒያ ከ 1620 ዎቹ የተመሰከረ ነው)
&lt;references /&gt;

{{መለጠፊያ:Habesha (ሀበሻ, ሐበሻ) Template}}</text>
      <sha1>78apcda0j5duuwm88rauyanmdpjhlqm</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>እብን ኻልዱን</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47588</id>
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      <id>372180</id>
      <parentid>338615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-29T20:19:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ፋይሉ «10_TND_obverse.jpg» ከCommons ምንጭ በ[[commons:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] ዕጅ ጠፍቷል! ምክንያቱም፦ [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: Tunisian Banknote since 1994 http://www.banknotes.it/Ricerca_03.asp?ID=2335&amp;Side=f</comment>
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      <text bytes="422" xml:space="preserve">'''እብን ኻልዱን''' ([[አረብኛ]]፦ أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي‎‎ /አቡ ዘይድ ዓብድ አር-ረሕማን እብን ሙሐመድ እብን ኸልዱን አል ሀድረሚ/ 1324-1398 ዓም) ከ[[ስሜን አፍሪካ]] የሆነ የ[[ታሪክ]] ጸሐፊ ነበር።

{{መዋቅር-ሰዎች}}

[[መደብ:የአፍሪካ ጸሓፊዎች]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>አና ሜና ሮሃስ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52629</id>
    <revision>
      <id>372179</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-29T18:10:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>46.211.76.29</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>አዲስ ገጽ ፈጠረ፦ «{{የፖለቲካ ሰው መረጃ  | ስም = አና ሜና ሮሃስ  | ስዕል = Premios Goya 2020 - Ana Mena.jpg  | የስዕል_መግለጫ =  | ቢሮ =  | ቀናት =  | ጠቅላይ_ሚኒስትር =  | ቀዳሚ =  | ተከታይ =  | የተወለዱት = 1997፣ ኤስቴፖና፣ [[እስፓንያ]]  | የሞቱት = | ዜግነት =  | ፓርቲ =  | ባለቤት =  | ልጆች =  | ሀይማኖት =  | ፊርማ =  }}   '''አና ሜና ሮ...»</comment>
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      <text bytes="774" xml:space="preserve">{{የፖለቲካ ሰው መረጃ 
| ስም = አና ሜና ሮሃስ 
| ስዕል = Premios Goya 2020 - Ana Mena.jpg 
| የስዕል_መግለጫ = 
| ቢሮ = 
| ቀናት = 
| ጠቅላይ_ሚኒስትር = 
| ቀዳሚ = 
| ተከታይ = 
| የተወለዱት = 1997፣ ኤስቴፖና፣ [[እስፓንያ]] 
| የሞቱት =
| ዜግነት = 
| ፓርቲ = 
| ባለቤት = 
| ልጆች = 
| ሀይማኖት = 
| ፊርማ = 
}} 

'''አና ሜና ሮሃስ''' ([[መስኮብኛ]]፦ '''Ana Mena Rojas''') ([[1997 እ.ኤ.አ.]]፣ ኤስቴፖና፣ [[እስፓንያ]]) የ[[እስፓንያ]] ዘፋኝ ነች። 

== አልበሞች == 
* Index (2018) 

== ማጣቀሻወች == 
[[http://www.anamenamusic.com www.anamenamusic.com]] 

[[መደብ:ዘፋኞች]]</text>
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