Cê̤ṳ-iù

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{{twinLAT|自由}}

[[File:Liberty-statue-from-front2.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Mī-guók]] gì [[Cê̤ṳ-iù Nṳ̄-sìng-chiông]]|right]]
'''Cê̤ṳ-iù''' (自由), gāng-dăng gōng, cêu sê nè̤ng kó̤ siōng, kó̤ gōng, hĕ̤k-ciā kó̤ có̤ siŏh giông dâi-gié gì giók-é. Cê̤ṳ-iù sê nè̤ng dék gĭ-buōng gì guòng-lê, bĕk-nè̤ng mâ̤-sāi chák iâ mâ̤-sāi dŏk kó̤.

== Diék-hŏk ==
=== Kuók-huăk buŏh-sók ===
Ĭ gì é-sé̤ṳ sê mâ̤ nguông hŭk-cṳ̀ng bĕk-nè̤ng. Ciā hìng-sék gì cê̤ṳ-iù gióng-lĭk diŏh dó̤i gó̤-ìng (hĕ̤k gùng-tā̤) ī-gĭk dó̤i ĭ gì kuàng-gīng gì huāng-káung gà̤-dēng: nguāi nâ ké̤ṳk guăng diē găng-lò̤, găk nguāi gì guòng-lĭk gâe̤ng kuàng-gīng diē-sié nguāi sê cê̤ṳ-iù gì, bók-guó nguāi mò̤ cê̤ṳ-iù pēu-nêng sê̤ṳ-sĭk. Cê̤ṳ-iòng huák-cáik iâ buŏh-sók ciā cê̤ṳ-iù: hùng-nó̤h nè̤ng dŭ mò̤ cê̤ṳ-iù buŏi (chŭi-iòng nē̤ng-gă â̤-sāi hĕ̤k-ciā mâ̤-sāi ché). Ī-suói-ā Báik-lìng (''Isaiah Berlin'') nêng-ùi cī cṳ̄ng cê̤ṳ-iù sê &quot;siĕu-gék cê̤ṳ-iù&quot; (''negative freedom''): mò̤ siéh-nó̤h nó̤h làng lā̤ nguāi hèng-dông (dĕk-biék sê ké̤ṳk bĕk-nè̤ng). Ĭ gó kṳ̆-biék chók &quot;cék-gék cê̤ṳ-iù&quot; (''positive freedom''), sê bī nguāi có̤ sōng-sĕk kó̤ hèng-dông gì cê̤ṳ-iù.

&quot;Cê̤ṳ-iù&quot; ciā kēu-hô̤ sèu-sèu ké̤ṳk dò̤ lì diêu-huáng ìng-mìng [[gáik-mêng]], [[có̤-huāng]]. Pī-ṳ̀-gōng [[Séng-gĭng]] [[Chók Ăi-gĭk Gé]] diē-sié gì [[Mò̤-să̤]] liāng-dô̤ ĭ gì ìng-mìng liê-kŭi [[Gū Ăi-gĭk|Ăi-gĭk]], dáik diŏh cê̤ṳ-iù. Găk [[Mā-dĭng Lô-dáik Gĭng]] chók-miàng gì iēng-gōng ''Nguāi ô siŏh bĭk Máe̤ng'' diē-sié, ĭ īng-ê̤ṳng lāu [[Mī-guók]] ŭ-nù gì lìng-hùng-gŏ̤: &quot;''Gáu muōi cê̤ṳ-iù lāu! Gáu muōi cê̤ṳ-iù lāu! Gāng-siâ ciòng-nè̤ng gì Siông-dá̤ nē̤ng-gă gáu muōi cê̤ṳ-iù lāu!''&quot;

=== Nô̤i-sĭng cê̤ṳ-dê ===
Cê̤ṳ-iù iâ biēu-sê nô̤i-sĭng cê̤ṳ-dê (''inner autonomy''), hĕ̤k-ciā kóng-cié cê-gă gì nô̤i-buô sié-huóng. Cuòi bău-guák â-dā̤ gūi bĭk kō̤-nèng gì dê̤ṳng-iéu-séng:
* Áng-ciéu lī-séng hèng-dông gì nèng-lĭk;
* Áng-ciéu cê-gă gì gá-dĭk-guăng hèng-dông gì nèng-lĭk;
* Áng-ciéu ciòng sié-gái gì gá-dĭk-guăng (bī-lâung Cĭng, Siêng gâe̤ng Mī); ī-gĭk
* Mò̤ sêu diŏh lī-séng iâ mò̤ sêu diŏh ṳ̆k-uông lì hèng-dông gì nèng-lĭk.

Găk [[Háng-sṳ̆ Sák-sṳ̆]] (''Hans Sachs'') gì hié-kiŏk diē-sié, [[Gū Hĭ-lé-nà̤]] [[Diék-hŏk|diék-hŏk-gă]] [[Dâ̤-ĕu-gṳ̆ng-nà̤]] (''Diogenes of Sinope'') gâe̤ng [[Ā-lĭk-săng-dâi Dâi-dá̤]] (''Alexander the Great'') gōng: &quot;Nṳ̄ sê nguāi nù-chài gì nù-chài.&quot; Cī ôi diék-hŏk-gă ī-gĭng ciéng-iàng giăng-pá, ṳ̆k-uông, gâe̤ng găng-huō, dáng sê Ā-lĭk-săng-dâi gó găk lā̤ hŭk-sê̤ṳ cī piĕ ciō-nè̤ng. Chŭi-iòng ĭ cĭng-hŭk lāu nguôi-buô gì sié-gái, dáng-sê ĭ gó muôi cĭng-hŭk ĭ nô̤i-buô gì sié-gái. Dṳ̀ lā̤ cê-gă, hùng-nó̤h dŭ mò̤ nièng-ngài niông cê-gă kóng-cié nô̤i-sĭng sié-gái.

20 sié-gī ô cĭng sâ̤ céng-dê ông-dông-ciā ciĕ-tì cī cṳ̄ng hìng-sék gì cê̤ṳ-iù, pī-ṳ̀-gōng [[Nà̤-lò̤-sŏng Mâng-dáik-lá]] (''Nelson Mandela''), [[Séng-hṳ̀ng Găng-dê]] (''Mahatma Gandhi''), [[Là̤-háik Uā-là̤-să]] (''Lech Wałęsa'') gâe̤ng [[Uă-cṳ̀-lá-hŭ Hăk-mì-ī]] (''Václav Havel''), dēng-dēng.

== Céng-dê ==
[[File:World freedom map (2006).png|thumb|450px|'''Sié-gái cê̤ṳ-iù dê-dù'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Làng-sáik: Cê̤ṳ-iù&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow&quot;&gt;Uòng-sáik: Buáng cê̤ṳ-iù&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span style=&quot;color: red&quot;&gt;È̤ng-sáik: Mâ̤ cê̤ṳ-iù&lt;/span&gt;|right]]
[[Céng-dê]] huâng-ùi nô̤i gì cê̤ṳ-iù sê bī biēu-dăk gó̤-ìng é-cé gì nèng-lĭk hĕ̤k giók-é. Céng-dê cê̤ṳ-iù bău-guák cĭng sâ̤ cṳ̄ng-lôi, bī-lâung gáu-ṳ̆k cê̤ṳ-iù, cŭng-gáu cê̤ṳ-iù, ngiòng-lâung cê̤ṳ-iù, chók-bēng cê̤ṳ-iù, cĭk-huôi cê̤ṳ-iù, iè-dông cê̤ṳ-iù (hĕ̤k lṳ̄-hèng cê̤ṳ-iù), dēng-dēng.
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Céng-dê]]
[[Category:Diék-hŏk]]
[[Category:Ùng-huá]]</text>
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    <title>Ché̤ṳng</title>
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      <text bytes="710" xml:space="preserve">{{twinLAT|銃}}
[[File:USAS12shotgun4104.jpg|thumb|Ché̤ṳng|right]]
'''Ché̤ṳng''' (銃), iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''chiŏng''' (鎗), sê 1 lôi [[ū-ké]] gì tūng-chĭng. Ché̤ṳng tŭng-guó [[huōi-iŏh]] iòng-siĕu [[kĕ̤ng-ké]] sū sék-bóng gì [[nèng-liông]], ciŏng ché̤ṳng-cī (銃籽) ī cêng ká̤ gì [[sók-dô]] huák-siâ chók, sák-siŏng-lĭk cêng duâi. Ché̤ṳng sèu-sèu ké̤ṳk nè̤ng dò̤ lì huâng cô̤i tài nè̤ng, sê iā ngùi-hiēng gì nó̤h, gó-chṳ̄ ô siŏh piĕ [[guók-gă]] dŭ hâing-cié ché̤ṳng gì sāi-ê̤ṳng, cêng-cé mò̤ ṳ̀ng-sé̤ṳ pū-tŭng báh-sáng ô ché̤ṳng.

{{commons|Guns|Ché̤ṳng}}

[[Category:Ū-ké|Č]]</text>
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    <title>Kuóh-dà̤</title>
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      <text bytes="37751" xml:space="preserve">{{Hō̤ gì ùng-ciŏng}}
{{twinLAT|曲蹄}}
{{infobox ethnic group
|group    = Kuóh-dà̤
|native_name = 曲蹄
|image    = [[File:Hockchew Kuoh-da.jpg|300px]]
|caption  = 1910 nièng Hók-ciŭ Mìng-gĕ̤ng gà̤-dēng gì kuóh-dà̤
|popplace = [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] hâ-iù, [[Hók-gióng]] hāi-gièng
|rels     = [[Lò̤-mā-tiĕng-ciō-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Dô̤-gáu]]
|langs    = [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] gâe̤ng [[Pū-tŭng-uâ]] (dâ̤ nê ngṳ̄-ngiòng)
|related=[[Siă-cŭk]], [[Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng]]
}}
'''Kuóh-dà̤''' ({{Siăng|Kuoh-da.ogg|曲蹄}}), iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''Kuóh-dà̤-giāng''', '''Lièng-gă Sùng-mìng''' (連家船民) hĕ̤k-ciā '''Hók-ciŭ Dáng-mìng''' (福州疍民), sê sĕng-uăk diŏh [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] siông gâe̤ng [[Hók-ciŭ]] hāi-gièng gì siŏh ciáh mìng-hiê, sṳ̆k [[dáng-mìng]] gì siŏh cṳ̄ng. &quot;Kuóh-dà̤&quot; ciā sṳ̀ sê lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng dó̤i ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì miĕk-chĭng. 

Áng diòng-tūng lì gōng, kuóh-dà̤ siŏh-sié-nè̤ng dâi-dŏng duâi-buô-hông gì sì-găng dŭ dêu diŏh [[sùng]] gà̤-dēng, lṳ̆k-dê siông gì [[Háng-nè̤ng]] káng mâ̤ kī ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng. Bók-guó gĭng-dáng, kuóh-dà̤ gĭ-buōng ī-gĭng siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ lāu.

Dṳ̀-kó̤ Hók-ciŭ gì kuóh-dà̤, dáng-mìng găk Dṳ̆ng-guók bĕk-dó̤i iâ ô hŭng-buó, chiông [[Mìng-nàng]], [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] hī siŏh dái dŭ ô.

== Mìng-chĭng ==
Kuóh-dà̤ iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''kuóh-dà̤-giāng''' (曲蹄囝), ô gì sèng-âu iâ â̤ siā có̤ '''Kuŏ-dà̤''' (科題), sê Hók-ciŭ Háng-nè̤ng dó̤i cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng gì chĭng-hŭ. Cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng nĭk-nĭk diŏh sùng diē-sié sĕng-uăk, kă-tōi â̤ có̤ uăng-uăng-sék bĕk mâ̤ dĭk, gó-chṳ̄ hô̤ lā̤ ciā miàng-cê. Nṳ̄ gì kuóh-dà̤ iâ ké̤ṳk Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ '''Gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng''' (江妹囝) hĕ̤k-ciā '''Kuóh-dà̤-bò̤''' (曲蹄婆).

Gū-dâi cṳ̆ diē-sié ciŏng kuóh-dà̤ hô̤ lā̤ '''iù-tīng-cṳ̄''' (游艇子), ciā miàng-cê diŏh «[[Báe̤k-sṳ̄]]» (北史) gâe̤ng «[[Săng-săng-cé]]» (三山志) diē-sié dŭ ô chók-hiêng guó, sê dó̤i Dṳ̆ng-guók dĕ̤ng-nàng hāi gièng sĕng-uăk gì dáng-mìng gì tūng-chĭng. [[Dòng-dièu]] gâe̤ng [[Sóng-dièu]] gì sèng-âu ék-buăng gó̤ ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ '''băh-cūi-lòng''' (白水郎), '''băh-cūi-siĕng''' (白水仙) hĕ̤k-ciā '''băh-cūi-ìng''' (白水人), cī gūi ciáh miàng-cê diŏh «Săng-săng-cé» diē-sié dŭ ô gōng gáu. Dáng ciā cê sê cī nàng-huŏng gì ì-ìng (夷人), ciā chĭng-hŭ diŏh [[Sùi-dièu]] gì sèng-âu kăi-sṳ̄ chók-hiêng, gáu [[Nàng-sóng]] ī-hâiu ciáh kăi-sṳ̄ puō-biéng kĕk cuòi lì gó̤ cī siŏh dêng diŏh hāi-gièng sĕng-uăk gì nè̤ng.

== Kī-nguòng ==
[[File:Inner River of Fuzhou.jpg|thumb|300px|Hók-ciŭ nô̤i-ò̤ diē-sié gì lièng-gă-sùng]]
Kuóh-dà̤ gì kī-nguòng, diŏh kuóh-dà̤ cê-gă gì diòng-siók dâi-dŏng cêu ô iā sâ̤ cṳ̄ng gōng-huák, gì dṳ̆ng ô cī gūi cṳ̄ng bī-gáu chók-miàng:

#Giéng-gáe̤k cê-gă sê gô-dā̤ iù tiĕng gà̤-dēng dâung giâ lì gì [[sáu-chiū]], dâung dê-dău gì biéng siàng Háng-nè̤ng, dâung cūi lā̤ gì biéng siàng kuóh-dà̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê [[Mìng-uŏk]] nè̤ng, Mìng-uŏk ké̤ṳk [[Háng Ū-dá̤]] miĕk lâi gì sèng-âu cāu cūi lā̤ kó̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê [[Dĕ̤ng-céng]] sèng-âu nùng-mìng gŭng tàu-tàu [[Lù Sùng]] (盧循) gì buô-hâ. Lù Sùng cô̤-huāng sék-bâi ī-hâiu cāu hāi lā̤ kó̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê Hók-gióng gì nguòng-cê̤ṳ-mìng. [[Uòng Sīng-dĭ]] páh gáu Hók-gióng ī-hâiu ciŏng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì chèng dŏk kó̤, dṳ̆k kó̤ hāi lā̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê [[Mūng-gū-nè̤ng]]. [[Nguòng-dièu]] miĕk-uòng ī-hâiu â̤ giăng Háng-nè̤ng bó̤-hók cāu cūi lā̤ kó̤.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Hùng Ái-dĭng (馮愛珍)|title=Hók-ciŭ Huŏng-ngiòng Sṳ̀-diēng (福州方言詞典)|year=1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Gó ô gì Kuóh-dà̤ gōng cê-gă cū-cŭng sê [[Dìng Iū-liông]] (陳友諒) gì buô-hâ.

Buô-hông kuóh-dà̤ gì [[cŭk-puō]] gōng sê téng [[Săng-să̤]] buăng guó lì gì. Gū-dâi gì cṳ̆ dŭ nêng-ùi kuóh-dà̤ sṳ̆k &quot;siè cṳ̄ng&quot; (蛇種), sê Mìng-uŏk nè̤ng gì hâiu-dâi. Gōng kuóh-dà̤ sê [[sáik-mŭk-nè̤ng]] (色目人, Nguòng-dièu sèng-âu téng [[Dṳ̆ng-ā]] lì gì huăng-giāng) gì hâiu-dâi dŭ mò̤ sié-nó̤h gŏng-gé̤ṳ.

Hiêng-dâi hŏk-sŭk-gái ciō-liù gì guăng-diēng sê: Kuóh-dà̤ sê gô-dā̤ [[Báh-uŏk]] nè̤ng gì hâiu-dâi, gâe̤ng gĭng-dáng gì [[Siă-cŭk]] kī-nguòng chă-bók-dŏ̤, nâ sê gōng chă-biék gì uâ, kuóh-dà̤ diêu diŏh gì cūi biĕng-dău. kuóh-dà̤ gâe̤ng gì-tă dê-huŏng gì dáng-mìng ô siŏh ciáh cū-cŭng, ô gì kuóh-dà̤ sê téng [[Ciék-gŏng]] hāi-gièng hŭ-uái buăng guó lì gì, ô gì kuóh-dà̤ téng Hók-ciŭ buăng kó̤ Ciék-gŏng gâe̤ng [[Gŏng-sŭ]], gáu-muōi-lāu bô téng hŭ-uái buăng diōng lì.

Kuóh-dà̤ nguòng-lài ô cê-gă gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. gáu-muōi-lāu ĭng-ôi gâe̤ng lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng gĭng-guó dòng-gĭ gì ciék-ché̤ṳk, gáu [[Mìng-dièu]] gì sèng-âu ī-gĭng Háng-huá (漢化), gāi siàng sāi [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]]. [[Muāng-chĭng]] Ṳ̆ng-céng 7 nièng (1729 nièng) gì sèng-âu, [[Ṳ̆ng-céng Huòng-dá̤]] mêng-lêng: „Mò̤-niĕ-ài kī chió gì dáng-mìng, niông ĭ diêu diŏh sùng lā̤, ng-sāi giòng-páe̤k ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng siông-ngiâng; ô nèng-lĭk kī chió gì, â̤ sāi diŏh cūi biĕng-dău kī cê-gă gì cŏng lì diêu, gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng siŏh iông diŏh siông hô̤-kēu, huŏng-biêng diêu-că, pāi-giāng mâ̤ sāi kó̤ kiĕ-hô ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng. gó̤ có̤-guăng-gì kó̤ kuóng dáng-mìng kăi huăng-dê, có̤ chèng, gâe̤ng gì-tă nè̤ng siŏh iông.“ Ṳ̆ng-céng ūng-hṳ̄ dáng-mìng siông-ngiâng mā̤ chió, mā̤ chèng, có̤ sĕng-é gâe̤ng kō̤-cṳ̆, téng cī sèng-âu kăi-sṳ̄, ô ciēu-buô-hông gì Dáng-mìng siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „hiók-gă“ (歇家). [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] sìng-lĭk ī-hâiu, céng-hū géng-cī Háng-nè̤ng káng-mâ̤-kī Dáng-mìng, siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ gì nè̤ng kăi-sṳ̄ biéng sâ̤. [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] sìng-lĭk ī-hâiu, céng-hū ăng-bà̤ iā sâ̤ Dáng-mìng siông-ngiâng, gĭng-dáng gĭ-buōng mò̤ nè̤ng chiông gô-dā̤ hŭ-uâng diêu diŏh cūi lā̤ lāu.

[[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] ciáh sìng-lĭk gì sèng-âu, có̤ cā ciŏng dáng-mìng dóng siŏh ciáh siēu-só mìng-cŭk lì káng. Gáu-muōi-lāu diŏh 1955 nièng mìng-cŭk sék-biék diêu-că gì sèng-âu, [[Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng]] giéng-gáe̤k Dáng-mìng ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk Háng-cŭk dùng-huá (同化), mò̤ cê-gă mìng-cŭk dĕk-cĭng gâe̤ng é-sék, gó-chṳ̄ ciŏng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng dóng Háng-cŭk gì siŏh buô-hông.

==Tā̤-cék dĕk-cĭng==
Gô-dā̤ kuóh-dà̤ kō̤-nèng gó ô gô-dā̤ Mìng-uŏk-nè̤ng sĭng-tā̤ gì dĕk-cĭng, bók-guó hiêng-câi ī-gĭng gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng mò̤ sié-nó̤h kṳ̆-biék lāu. Gô-dā̤ kuóh-dà̤ có̤i mìng-hiēng gì dĕk-cĭng, puòi-hū ngàng-sáik bī-gáu chĭng, [[kă-tōi]] bī-gáu dō̤i â̤ có̤ uăng-uăng-sék, Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng gó ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „kuóh-dà̤“ (曲蹄), kō̤-nèng cêu sê téng cŭ-uái lì gì. Ciŏng-uâng gì ngôi-hìng, gâe̤ng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng iā sèu diŏh bô áng bô ā̤ gì sùng diē-sié [[kă-kók-tàu]] uăng lā̤ [[kó̤-káung]], kă-tōi buàng lā̤ sô̤i diŏh dê-dău, chă kŭi lì niăh ngṳ̀ ô dĭk-ciék gì guăng-hiê.

==Ìng-kēu gâe̤ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng==
[[File:Hockchew Tanka distribution.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Kuóh-dà̤ gì hŭng-buó]]
Gáuk sì-gĭ dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ ìng-kēu tūng-gié gì só-gé̤ṳ dŭ chă iā huông. Mìng-guók sèng-âu gì hŏk-ciā [[Dìng Ùng-dò̤]] (陳文濤) giéng-gáe̤k Hók-ciŭ chê-kṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ chă-bók-dŏ̤ â̤ dăk gáu 10 uâng, ciā só-gé̤ṳ kō̤-nèng bī-gáu ciék-gê̤ṳng dŏng-sì gì cìng-huóng. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng ciáh siông-dài sèng-âu có̤ guó tūng-gié: Mìng-gĕ̤ng diē-hāi-kāu gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ-liāng ô 3731 chió, 17235 nè̤ng, gì-dṳ̆ng nàng gì 8760 nè̤ng, nṳ̄ gì 8475 nè̤ng, nàng nṳ̄ bī-liê 1:0.967; diŏh [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]], [[Īng-tái]], [[Nàng-bìng]] hó-gê̤ṳng tié-lāu buăng lì buăng kó̤ gì ô 4219 chió, 10369 nè̤ng. Ciŏng-uâng gōng Mìng-gĕ̤ng gì Hók-ciŭ Kuóh-dà̤ ô 27604 nè̤ng, cuòi gó mò̤ sáung hāi-gièng [[Lò̤-nguòng]], [[Lièng-gŏng]] hŭ-uái gì kuóh-dà̤. Gó ô cṳ̆-lâiu gōng, gáu 1950 nièng cō̤-iêu, Mìng-gĕ̤ng diē-sié ô kuóh-dà̤ 3 uâng gūi ciáh. 

Kuóh-dà̤ có̤i cā diêu diŏh Hók-ciŭ gì Săng-gâing-ciŭ (三縣洲), Bŏng-ciŭ (幫洲), Ngiê-ciŭ (義洲), Ák-mō̤-ciŭ (鴨姆洲), Huáng-sùng-puō (泛船浦), Siông-dô (上渡), Dŏng-ciŭ (中洲), Chŏng-hà gâe̤ng Cūi-buô hŭ-uái. Gáu-muōi-lāu bô buăng gáu Nàng-sê̤ṳ (南嶼), Hùng-dòng (洪塘), Mā-gĕ̤ng (馬江), Dìng-gĕ̤ng (亭江), Guāng-tàu (琯頭), Làu-giè (劉岐), gó ô [[Mìng-âu]], Diòng-lŏ̤h, Īng-tái, [[Mìng-chiăng]], Lò̤-nguòng, [[Lièng-gŏng]] ciŏng-uâng gì gĕ̤ng gièng gâe̤ng hāi gièng. Bô ô Kuóh-dà̤ téng Mìng-gĕ̤ng tié-lāu hióng siông-kă̤ giàng, buăng gáu [[Mìng-báe̤k]] gì [[Nàng-bìng]], [[Siêu-ū]], [[Sông-chiŏng]], [[Gióng-ĕu]], [[Ciŏng-lŏk]] hŭ-uái kó̤. Iâ ô gì buăng kó̤ hāi gièng gì [[Nìng-dáik]], [[Hà-puō]] hŭ-nē̤.

Gĭng-dáng gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ sāi [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] gì [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] có̤ cê-gă gì mū-ngṳ̄. Buăng kó̤ Mìng-báe̤k gì kuóh-dà̤ iâ sê gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ. Ô gì dê-huŏng gì kuóh-dà̤ gó ô cê-gă dĕk-sṳ̀ gì sṳ̀. Kuóh-dà̤ diŏh lĭk-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng ô cê-gă gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng, bók-guó gáu-muōi-lāu kăi-sṳ̄ uâng kó̤ sāi [[Háng-nè̤ng]] gì Hók-ciŭ-uâ. Gáu [[Mìng-dièu]] gì sèng-âu, duâi buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ ī-gĭng â̤ gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ lāu, bók-guó gó ô bō̤-liù iā sâ̤ cê-gă ngṳ̄-ngiòng gì ngṳ̄-huák gâe̤ng dăng-sṳ̀. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng siông-dài ī-hâiu duâi có̤ [[tŭi-guōng Pū-tŭng-uâ]], gó-chṳ̄ gĭng-dáng iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ iâ â̤ gōng [[Pū-tŭng-uâ]].

==Sáng==
Kuóh-dà̤ gì sáng ô sĕk gūi cṳ̄ng, iā sâ̤ dŭ sê Mìng-dièu gâe̤ng Muāng-chĭng Háng-huá gì sèng-âu kī gì. Nè̤ng bī-gáu sâ̤ gì sáng kō̤-nèng dŭ gâe̤ng cūi hĕ̤k-ciā páh-ngṳ̀ ô găng-guó. Bī-gáu diēng-hìng gì chiông Gŏng (江), Dòng (唐), Ŭng (翁), Ĕu (歐), Păng (潘), Biêng (卞), Diè (池), Puō (浦) dēng dēng. Gì-dṳ̆ng, „Ŭng“ gì é-sé̤ṳ kō̤-nèng sê „ngṳ̀-ŭng“ (páh-ngṳ̀-gì); „Păng“ (潘) é-sé̤ṳ sê „cūi gà̤-dēng gì huăng-giāng“; „Ĕu“ (歐) kō̤-nèng cī „[[hāi-ĕu]]“; Diè (池), Puō (浦), Gŏng (江), Hāi (海) ciông-uâng gì sáng, dŭ sê ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sĕng-uăk gì dê-huŏng. Lêng-ngôi, ô gì sáng Dìng (陳) gì kuóh-dà̤ gōng cê-gă sê [[Dìng Iū-liông]] (陳友諒) gì hâiu-dâi. Diòng-lŏ̤h Diù-dĕ̤ng-chŏng (籌東村) gì sáng Lù (盧) gì kuóh-dà̤ gōng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sê [[Lù Sùng]] (盧循) gì hâiu-dâi.

Hók-ciŭ chê-kṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ iā sâ̤ sáng Dòng (唐), sáng Lâi (賴), sáng Gŏng (江), sáng Ŭng (翁) hĕ̤k-ciā sáng Ciĕng (詹); Mìng-âu gì iā sâ̤ sáng Ĕu (歐), Biêng (卞), Diè (池), Gŏng (江) gâe̤ng Guóh (郭); Diòng-lŏ̤h gì sáng Dìng (陳), Gŏng (江), Ŭng (翁) gâe̤ng Ngà̤ (倪) gì bī-gáu sâ̤; Lò̤-nguòng hāi gièng gì ciō-iéu sáng Lìng (林), Ĕu (歐), Gŏng (江), Dâng (鄭), Lièng (連), Dìng (陳), Ŭng (翁), Làu (劉), Biêng (卞) hĕ̤k-ciā Dòng (唐).

== Ùng-huá ==
[[File:Min River and Tanka Boats.jpg|right|thumb|300px|1927 nièng [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] Uâng-sêu-giò (萬壽橋, gĭng-dáng [[Gāi-huóng-dâi-giò]]) â-dā̤ gì lièng-gă-sùng]]
Diŏh lĭk-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng, kuóh-dà̤ ké̤ṳk lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng káng mâ̤ kī, ng-niông ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng siông-ngiâng, siŏh-sié-nè̤ng diêu diŏh sùng gà̤-dēng. Kuóh-dà̤ gĭng-cá̤ lài-nguòng ciō-iéu sê diŏh hāi-gièng hĕ̤k-ciā ò̤ lā̤ niăh ngṳ̀, hĕ̤k-ciā sāi sùng lì hâ nó̤h. Duâi-buô-hông nè̤ng chió iā bék, bô gă lā̤ sĕng-uăk iā ṳ̀ng-ê sêu gáu [[hŭng-tăi]] gì īng-hiōng. Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók sìng-lĭk ī sèng, kuóh-dà̤ duâi-buô-hông dŭ mò̤ sié-nó̤h ùng-huá. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng siông-dài ī-hâiu, duâi-buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, iā sâ̤ diòng-tūng gì hŭng-sṳ̆k gâe̤ng sĕng-uăk huŏng-sék kăi-sṳ̄ biéng mò̤, ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng.

=== Sê̤ṳng ===
Muāng-chĭng gáu Mìng-guók gì sèng-âu, kuóh-dà̤ ék-buăng sê̤ṳng kĕk [[muài-buó]] (麻布) có̤ gì ĭ-siòng-kó, niēng siàng [[làng-sáik|làng]], [[ŭ-sáik|ŭ]] hĕ̤k-ciā [[cĕ̤ng-sáik|dà-sáik]]. Hŭ-uâng gì kó iā kuăng iā duâi, ké̤ṳk nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „kuóh-dà̤-kó“ (曲蹄褲). Nṳ̄-gái chiū-uōng gà̤-dēng é̤ṳ tiéng siŏh cèng siŏh cáung kuăng gì ŭ-ŭ-sék biĕng-biĕng. Diŏh siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ ī-sèng, duâi-buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ é̤ṳ táung-siēng-kă, ng-dái mô̤. nṳ̄-gái ng-[[dièng-kă]] (纏骹), [[tàu-huók]] sĕ̤ ciĕng-ciĕng-sék, muōi-muōi kiéu tiĕng, ciā huók-hìng hô̤ lā̤ „ciĕng-lòi-guói“ (尖螺髻); lâu-mū â̤ ciŏng tàu-huók buàng kī lì, sāi siŏh cṳ̄ng iông-sék chiông [[siè]] gì, ô ngô chióh hī māng dòng gì [[căng-căng]] (簪簪) chák tàu-huók lā̤. Cuòi ké̤ṳk ô gì hŏk-ciā dóng có̤ kuóh-dà̤ sê [[Mìng-uŏk]] nè̤ng hâiu-dâi gì céng-gé̤ṳ, ĭng-ôi Mìng-uŏk nè̤ng cĭng mì-séng lâu-siè.
=== Diêu ===
[[File:Bridge of Ten Thousand Ages and sampans.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Dŏng-ciŭ-dō̤ (中洲島) nàng gièng gì Lièng-gă-sùng, biĕng-dău dŭ sê kuóh-dà̤ kī gì puái chió. (1907 nièng kiák gì sióng)]]
Gô-dā̤ duâi-buô-hông gì Kuóh-dà̤ siŏh-sié-nè̤ng dŭ sê diêu diŏh sùng lā̤. „Lièng-gă-sùng“ (連家船) ciā miàng-cê sê dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ bī-gáu dṳ̆ng-séng (中性) gì chĭng-hŭ, ciā sṳ̀ iâ dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ mò̤ sié-nó̤h káng mâ kī gì é-sé̤ṳ. Mìng-gĕ̤ng gà̤-dēng gì lièng-gă-sùng ék-buăng ô 5 gáu 6 [[mī]] hī māng dòng, ô 3 mī hī māng kuăng. Tàu-muōi ciĕng-ciĕng-sék kiéu tiĕng, dâi-dŏng bô bàng bô kuák, gó ô kĕk dé̤ṳk-bùng có̤ gì sùng-dū. Siŏh gá ciŏng-uâng gì sùng sê kuóh-dà̤ gĕ̤ng-cáuk gâe̤ng sĕng-uăk gì dê-huŏng, páh-ngṳ̀ diŏh sùng-tàu gì gák-bēng, sùng-dū cêu sê chió gâe̤ng chŏng-kó, sùng-muōi sê [[cháik-sū]]. Kuóh-dà̤ ék-buăng kĕk siŏh cṳ̄ng chŭ-chŭ-sék dé̤ṳk-dè̤ng téng kó-kă-biĕng â-dā̤ tū diē kó̤ ciék [[niêu]] bà̤ chók lì, ô gì kuóh-dà̤ gó â̤ diŏh sùng-muōi iōng [[giĕ]] gâe̤ng [[ák]] cī siŏh lôi gì [[tàu-săng]]. Bī-gáu cā sèng-âu siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ â̤ diŏh gĕ̤ng-gièng hĕ̤k-ciā tăng-tù (灘塗) lā̤ kī chió. Ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sĕng diŏh dê-dău lā̤ páh kĕk chà có̤ gì dōng, gái ciŏng nguòng-lài cê-gă gì sùng ĕng diŏh gà̤-dēng dóng chió lì sāi, hĕ̤k-ciā ng-kĕk sùng lì có̤, găk dōng gà̤-dēng puō chà-bēng lì kī chió. Hŭ-uâng gì chió iā nâung, ké̤ṳk nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „sé-kă-làu“ (四骹樓) hĕ̤k-ciā „tì-kă-bùng“ (提骹房).

=== È̤ng băh duâi dâi ===
[[File:Huang-sung-puo2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Mìng-gĕ̤ng gì nàng gièng gì [[Huáng-sùng-puō Tiĕng-ciō-dòng]] (泛船浦天主堂). Gô-dā̤ iā sâ̤ sáng Tiĕng-ciō-gáu gì kuóh-dà̤ gáu cŭ-nē̤ lì gì-dō̤.]]
Áng diòng-tūng gì hŭng-sṳ̆k, kuóh-dà̤ gì giék-huŏng ék-buăng iù bâ-nā̤ có̤ ciō, iâ ô gó̤ nè̤ng có̤ muòi gì. Ék-buăng tiàng-sê̤ṳ sê sáe̤ng lā̤, có̤ chók-dông (做出動), chiăng nā̤ (請奶, chiăng [[Lìng-cūi-nā̤]]) gâe̤ng guó guăng (過關). Cṳ̆-niòng-giāng 18 huói chók-gá, giék-huŏng ī-hâiu kó̤ dòng-buŏ chió lā̤ diêu, hī siŏh buŏ ô tiè-gá (啼嫁), má-gá (罵嫁) gì hŭng-sṳ̆k. gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng â̤ gá siông ngiâng, kuóh-dà̤-giāng mò̤ tō̤ lṳ̆k-dê gì nṳ̄-gái có̤ lâu-mā. Giék-huŏng hī siŏh nĭk, cūi méng gì sùng nâ sê káng-giéng kó̤ ciék [[sĭng-bô]] gì sùng, mò̤ guāng â̤ nêng-sék mâ̤, dŭ â̤ sāi giàng guó kó̤ tō̤ [[mī-ciū]] lì chiók. Mī-ciū sê nṳ̄-huŏng buòi-gá gì nó̤h, hô̤ lā̤ „sĭng-bô-niêu“ (新婦尿). Gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng diŏh [[dòng-buŏ]] sī lō̤ ī-hâiu ék-buăng â̤ gái gá siŏh ciáh, giék-huŏng ī-sèng nâ sê ô gâe̤ng bék-ciáh nàng-gái [[séng-gău|sá]], biék-nè̤ng iâ mâ̤ kó̤ gōng ĭ, cuòi dŭ mò̤ Háng-nè̤ng hī māng gōng-gé̤ṳ. Chió bó gì nàng-gái gó â̤ kó̤ tō̤ [[sá̤-bò̤]].

Kuóh-dà̤ sī nè̤ng sèng-âu gì hŭng-sṳ̆k gâe̤ng lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng ô nék-giāng chă-biék. Pī-ṳ̀ gōng, kuóh-dà̤ chió bék, mò̤-niĕ-ài chiăng [[hù-siông]] [[dô̤-sê̤ṳ]] lì [[có̤ chék]] (做七). Hāi-gièng gì kuóh-dà̤ mò̤ [[muó]], ék-buăng dò̤ chāu-chiŏh (草蓆) guōng lâ, muài diŏh bī-gáu piék gì tăng-tù (灘塗) diē-sié, cuòi mâ̤ sāi ké̤ṳk bék-nè̤ng káng-giéng. Có̤i cā sáng [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]] gì kuóh-dà̤ muài diŏh Hók-ciŭ-siàng să̤-báe̤k gì Hông-gáu-săng (奉教山). Ciā săng cêu sê gĭng-dáng gì [[Mā-ăng-săng]] (馬鞍山), gô-dā̤ Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng gó̤ ĭ Kuóh-dà̤-săng (曲蹄山).
=== Có̤-cáik===
Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng [[cié-cáu]] ô „Guăng săng mìng sé kuóh-dà̤ ngô“ (官三民四曲蹄五) gì gōng-huák. Cêu sê gōng, [[có̤-guăng-gì]] diŏh Sĕk-nê-nguŏk niék-săng cié-cáu, báh-sáng diŏh niék-sé cié-cáu, kuóh-dà̤ diŏh niék-ngô cié. [[Săng-sĕk màng-buŏ]] gì sèng-âu, kuóh-dà̤ â̤ ciŏng sùng kŭi gáu Mìng-gĕ̤ng dâi-dŏng kó̤, miēng lā̤ cái-ciō (債主) lì tō̤ cièng, cuòi hô̤ lā̤ „chiĕng-gŏ̤“ (遷篙). Ciáng-nguŏk chĕ̤-nê gáu chĕ̤-sé, nṳ̄-gái gâe̤ng niè-giāng â̤ siông ngiâng tō̤ guōi (討粿), kó̤ Háng-nè̤ng diêu gì dê-huŏng, gă-gă-chió-chió chióng sĭ bái nièng (唱詩拜年), gōng gék-lé gì uâ lì tō̤ guōi. Kuóh-dà̤ chók-miàng gì «[[tō̤ guōi sĭ]]» (討粿詩) ô: „Gŭ sō̤ sĕ̤ng-sĕ̤ng hŏk sĭng-nièng, è̤ng-è̤ng sāng-dĕng guá tiăng sèng; hō̤ gŏ̤ hō̤ guōi sáe̤ng nù kó̤, gĭng-cê bà̤-bēng kiê muòng sèng.“ (姑嫂雙雙賀新年, 紅紅傘燈掛廳前; 好糕好粿送奴去, 金字牌板豎門前) „Gô nièng gáu kó̤ bô sĭng nièng, sĕng-é hĭng-lè̤ng téng duâi cièng; gŭng-hī huák-cài bìng-ăng guó, sáe̤ng nù [[tòng-guōi]] guó mùong sèng.“ (舊年過了又新年, 生意興隆賺大錢; 恭喜發財平安過, 送奴糖粿過門前) dēng dēng. Có̤ cáik gì sèng-âu, Kuóh-dà̤ ô chióng ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ (漁歌) gì diòng-tūng, bók-guó cuòi găk gĭng-dáng ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng.

=== Géng-gé ===
Kuóh-dà̤ iā giăng nè̤ng téng sùng sèng-dău gĭng-guó, ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng giéng-gáe̤k cuòi sê cūi-mā (水馬, é-sé̤ṳ sê céng sī gì nṳ̄-gái) gì hióng-cĭng. Bók-guó nâ sê dé̤ṳk diŏh cūi-mā dŭ diŏh lău gèng lì, biê-miēng [[gūi]] lì tō̤ mà-huàng. Kuóh-dà̤ káng-giéng dâung cūi lā̤ nè̤ng mâ̤ sāi dĭk-ciék giú siông lì, ô săng tèng săng pù (三沉三浮) gái giú gì sĭk-guáng. Ĭng-ôi iā sèu giàng sùng, kuóh-dà̤ giăng gōng „tó̤i“ (退), „huàng“ (橫) ciŏng-uâng gì cê. Kuóh-dà̤ giéng-gáe̤k káng-giéng bà̤-lēng-pók gì nó̤h dŭ mâ̤ gék-lé, diāng lō̤ buòng-buòng lō̤ dŭ mâ̤ sāi bà̤-lēng-pók, siăh ngṳ̀ iâ mâ̤ sāi huăng siŏh méng. Kuóh-dà̤ giéng-gáe̤k [[ngṳ̀]] gì [[mĕ̤k-ciŭ]] mâ̤ siăh gì, ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng diŏh sùng-tàu â̤ diĕu ngṳ̀ gì mĕ̤k-ciŭ, giéng-gáe̤k cuòi â̤ bō̤-bé sùng mâ̤ pâung.

=== Ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ ===
''Ciō dèu-mŭk: '''[[Kuóh-dà̤-ké̤ṳk]]'''''

Kuóh-dà̤ gì ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ (漁歌) sê kuóh-dà̤ mìng-găng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng diòng-tūng ĭng-ngŏk, ciō-iéu ô buàng-gŏ̤ (盤歌) gâe̤ng chióng hŏk-nièng-gŏ̤ (唱賀年歌) lâng cṳ̄ng, dŭ sê kĕk Hók-ciŭ-uâ lì chióng. Buàng-gŏ̤ sê siŏh nàng siŏh nṳ̄ dó̤i-chióng (對唱), gŏ̤-sṳ̀ sê hiêng-diòng huák-hŭi gì; hŏk-nièng-gŏ̤ sê diŏh guó-nièng gì sèng-âu hióng lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng tō̤ guōi sèng-âu chióng gì gŏ̤. Kuóh-dà̤ ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ ô [[Mìng-kiŏk]] gì kuóh-diêu, iâ dó̤i Hók-ciŭ gì-tă gì mìng-ièu (民謠) kuóh-ngiê (曲藝) ô ék-dêng gì īng-hiōng, bók-guó gĭng-dáng ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng, hiêng-câi ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk céng-hū gă gáu [[Hók-ciŭ-chê]] gâe̤ng [[Hók-gióng-sēng]] gì  Hĭ-ŭk-cék Ùng-huá Mì-sāng (非物質文化遺產) gì miàng-dăng diē-sié kó̤ lāu.

=== Cŭng-gáu ===
Có̤i cā, kuóh-dà̤ sáng Hók-gióng buōng-tū dĕk-sáik gì iā sâ̤ Dô̤-gáu sìng, gì-dṳ̆ng bău-guák [[Ù-cṳ̆]], Siè-sìng (蛇神), Uă-sìng (蛙神), Lṳ̀ng-sìng (龍神), gó ô [[Mā-cū]], [[Nā-gŭng]], [[Băh-mā-cŏng-uòng]], Kăi-mìng-cŏng-uòng (開閩尊王, [[Uòng Sīng-dĭ]]), Ŭi-ū-cŏng-uòng (威武尊王, [[Uòng Sīng-dièu]]), [[Ngū-hók Uòng-iè]] (五福王爺), [[Lìng-cūi-nā̤]], Dìng Siông-cṳ̆ (陳尚書, [[Dìng Ùng-lṳ̀ng]]), [[Chék-sĭng-nā̤]] (七星奶), [[Chèng-lòi Gŭ-niòng]] (田螺姑娘) gâe̤ng gáuk cṳ̄ng dê-tàu-sìng. Kuóh-dà̤ cĭng sèu giàng-sùng, gó-chṳ̄ diŏh ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng dâi-dŏng cêng-kó̤ sáng Mā-cū, gó ciŏng Mā-cū gì séng-iōng diòng gáu [[Mìng-báe̤k]] gì nô̤i-lṳ̆k dê-kṳ̆ kó̤. Kuóh-dà̤ gó ciŏng Băh-mā-cŏng-uòng gì séng-iōng diòng gáu [[Mā-cū-dō̤]], Nā-gŭng gì séng-iōng diòng kó̤ [[Liù-giù]]. Iâ ô siŏh buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ sáng [[Hŭk-gáu]].

17 sié-gī gì sèng-âu, huăng-giāng [[diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ]] gáu Hók-ciŭ lì uăk-dông, sìng-lĭk [[gáu-kṳ̆]] (教區), kăi-sṳ̄ ô kuóh-dà̤ sáng [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]]. Téng 19 sié-gī dṳ̆ng-gĭ kī, cī siŏh dêng diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ ciŏng kuóh-dà̤ dóng có̤ sê dâe̤ng-iéu diòng-gáu dó̤i-chiông, gó ĭng-ôi cuòi dĕk-lìng-é kó̤ ŏ̤k Hók-ciŭ-uâ. Tiĕng-ciō-gáu gáu-huôi dó̤i-chiū hông-gáu gì kuóh-dà̤ siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, bié-miēng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sêu gáu Háng-nè̤ng gì kiĕ-hô, bô kŭi hŏk-hâu gáu-ṳ̆k kuóh-dà̤, gó-chṳ̄ hông-gáu gì kuóh-dà̤ muōng biéng muōng sâ̤. Gáu gĭng-dáng, duâi-buô-hông gì Kuóh-dà̤ dŭ sáng Tiĕng-ciō-gáu lāu. Kuóh-dà̤ gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ gì hâiu-dâi ciéng Hók-ciŭ Tiĕng-ciō-gáu gáu-dù gì ìng-kēu iā duâi.

== Dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ gì gì-sê ==
[[File:Bridge across harbor, Fujian, China, ca. 1910 (impa-m14125).jpg|right|thumb|300px|1910 nièng gì [[Uâng-sêu-giò]] (萬壽橋), giò gà̤-dēng giàng gì sê Háng-nè̤ng, â-dā̤ dŭ sê kuóh-dà̤ gì sùng.]]
Téng Sóng-dièu kăi-sṳ̄, kuóh-dà̤ ké̤ṳk lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng dóng có̤ „ciéng-mìng“ (賤民) káng mâ̤ kī. Gô-dā̤ ô siŏh cṳ̄ng gōng-huák, Hók-ciŭ gì nàng-gái nâ mò̤ cièng tō̤ lâu-mā, ng-sê tō̤ gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng, cêu sê kó̤ tō̤ [[lâng-gā-siăng]] (兩個聲, cī ngôi-dê lì gì nè̤ng). Kuóh-dà̤ gì sĕng-sāng gâe̤ng sĕng-uăk dŭ sêu gáu iā duâi gì hâing-cié, mâ̤ sāi siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, mâ̤ sāi sê̤ṳng [[sĭ-dièu]] (絲綢) gì ĭ-siòng, mâ̤ sāi gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng giék-huŏng, siông áng mâ̤ sāi ciă [[sāng]] gâe̤ng sê̤ṳng [[à̤]], ô hō̤ dâi mâ̤ sāi diŏng-dĕng-giék-chăi (張燈結綵), giàng diô dŏng diŏh uăng iĕu dă̤ tàu ièng biĕng-dău giàng, mâ̤ sāi sê̤ṳng Háng-nè̤ng gì ĭ-siòng, kó-guāng siŏh mĕng gèng siŏh mĕng dă̤. Nṳ̄-gái sĕ̤ buáng-biĕng-guói (半爿髻), mâ̤ sāi ŏ̤k Háng-nè̤ng nṳ̄-gái hŭ-uâng sĕ̤. Ô gì dê-huŏng gó géng-cī kuóh-dà̤ siông ngiâng lì, dŏng-dê ô „Kuóh-dà̤ nĕ̤ng siông ngiâng, siông ngiâng páh sī mò̤ buòi miâng“ (曲蹄莫上岸, 上岸拍死無賠命) gì gōng-huák. Siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ iâ mâ̤ sāi kī kĕk nguā có̤ dīng gì chió, ŏ̤k Háng-nè̤ng kī ô [[huōi-chiòng|huōi-chiòng-bău]] gì chió gâing-gâing sê mâ̤ sāi gì. Ô gì chió bó gì kuóh-dà̤ kĕk iā sâ̤ cièng kó̤ uōi-lô (賄賂) siŏh sáng gì Háng-nè̤ng, kĕk Háng-nè̤ng gì mìng-gék kó̤ tĕ̤k-cṳ̆ kō̤-cṳ̆.
̍
Muāng-chĭng muăk-gĭ Hók-ciŭ ô siŏh ciáh miàng hô̤ lā̤ [[Guóh Báik-chiŏng]] (郭柏蒼) gì tĕ̤k-cṳ̆-nè̤ng, diŏh ĭ siā gì «Dé̤ṳk găng Sĕk-nĭk uâ» (竹間十日話) diē-sié, ô gōng siŏh ciáh [[Sông-dê]] (順治) nièng-găng miàng-cê hô̤ lā̤ Gĭng Giáng (金鏡) gì céng-sê̤ṳ ĭng-ôi chió bék gâe̤ng gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng giék-huŏng, siâ-huôi dê-ôi biéng iā dă̤ gì gó-sê̤ṳ:

{{Cquote|Gĭng Giáng (金鏡), cê Sé̤ṳk-mìng (肅明), cáuk [[sé̤ṳ-cài]] (秀才) bìng sêng, ṳ̀ mâ̤-ngṳ̀-ìng tŭng puō. Hók-ciŭ sū chĭng mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤ cék kuóh-dà̤-bò̤, ī gì sĕng-diōng sùng dṳ̆ng, lâng cé̤ṳ gê̤ṳ kuóh gó miàng. Mò̤ ùi ciéng-cṳ̄ng (賤種), cṳ̄-sŏng bók-dáik éng-sé̤ṳ. Liê bók dĕng ngiâng, cáuk buáng-piéng-guói (半片髻), ī biék chèng-bò̤; ô sĕ̤ guói dái dṳ̆ng căng ciā, chèng-bò̤ diĕk ĕu chĭ. Gê̤ṳng săng-sĕk nièng sṳ̄ hông é. Ciŭ biĕng chèng dṳ̆ng uăng lī sū chĭng kuóh-dà̤-bò̤ ciā nāi gê-nṳ̄, táuk ùi mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤, gó siĕk sê̤ṳng. Cáik chiŏng uòng-kuă chĭng ngṳ̀-bò̤ Ìng ùi cĭ ngṳ̄ uŏk: „Nguŏk ciéu diè-dòng, ngṳ̀-ìng cháuk nêng Gĭng Giáng.“ (月照池塘, 漁人錯認金鏡) Áng: Gĭng gṳ̆ Nguŏh-chióh-săng (玉尺山) ī sê̤ṳ [[Gēng Cĭng-dṳ̆ng|Gēng Ngĭk]] (耿逆), liù kāu ngôi, ṳ̆k ùi Hò̤ Tì-dók (何提督) hô-bék (傅筆).|«Dé̤ṳk găng Sĕk-nĭk uâ», guóng. 5}}

Cī siŏh dâung Ùng-ngiòng-ùng huăng-ĭk siàng Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ é-sé̤ṳ cêu sê:

{{Cquote|Gĭng Giáng (金鏡), cê Sé̤ṳk-mìng (肅明), có̤ sé̤ṳ-cài gì sèng-âu chió iā bék, gâe̤ng mâ̤-ngṳ̀-gì giék-huŏng. Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng gó̤ gì mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤ (賣漁嫂) cêu sê kuóh-dà̤-bò̤ (曲蹄婆), sĕng-uăk diŏh sùng diē-sié, lâng ciáh kă-tōi dŭ â̤ có̤ uăng-uăng-sék, gó-chṳ̄ hô̤ ciā miàng-cê. Gáu-muōi-lāu dê-ôi biéng cêng-kó̤ dă̤, giāng-diê mâ̤ sāi kó̤ kō̤-cṳ̆. Áng sĭk-guáng mâ̤ sāi siông-ngiâng, sĕ̤ buáng-piéng-guói (半片髻), gâe̤ng chèng-bò̤ (Háng-nè̤ng gì có̤-chèng-gì nṳ̄-gái) kṳ̆-biék kŭi lì; nâ sê gāng sĕ̤ guói dái dṳ̆ng-căng (中簪) gì nè̤ng, dŭ â̤ ké̤ṳk chèng-bò̤ niăh lā̤ páh. Săng-sĕk gūi nièng ī-hâiu ciáh kăi-sṳ̄ (gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng) hông-siŏh-dŏi kó̤. Hiŏng-hâ nè̤ng gōng gì kuóh-dà̤-bò̤ sê [[gê-nṳ̄|mâ̤-chiéu-gì]], piéng nè̤ng cê-gă sê mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤, gó-chṳ̄ â̤ ké̤ṳk nè̤ng kó̤-câung. Ô nè̤ng ĭng-ôi cuòi gōng: „Nguŏk dàng diè-dòng lā̤, páh-ngṳ̀-gì nêng dâng Gĭng Giáng.“ Áng: ciā Gĭng Giáng diêu diŏh Nguŏh-chióh-săng (玉尺山), gáu-muōi-lāu dó̤i-chiū [[Gēng Cĭng-dṳ̆ng]] cô̤-huāng, liù-huóng gáu [[Săng-hāi-guăng]] (山海關) ngiê-dău kó̤, mâ̤ ké̤ṳk Hò̤ Tì-dók có̤ hô-bék (傅筆).|«Dé̤ṳk găng Sĕk-nĭk uâ», guóng. 5}}

Téng Muāng-chĭng kăi-sṳ̄, céng-hū gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ dŭ buóh siōng chṳ̄-siĕu ciā gì-sê gì céng-cháik. 18 sié-gī Ṳ̆ng-céng (雍正) nièng-găng, céng-hū ṳ̄ng-hū kuóh-dà̤ siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, bók-guó mìng-găng gó ô cĭng sâ̤ nè̤ng káng mâ̤ kī ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng. Muāng-chĭng muăk-gĭ có̤ hiêng-céng (憲政), ô nè̤ng hióng Hók-gióng-sēng cṳ̆-ngiê-guŏh (諮議局) tì chók ngiê-áng, iéu-giù lĭk-huák bō̤-hô kuóh-dà̤ gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng dái-ngê̤ṳ bìng-dēng, dáng-sê céng-hū gōng cuòi sê sĭk-guáng, mò̤ ciék-sêu cuòi ngiê-áng. Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók sìng-lĭk ī-hâiu, uòng-ciòng gā̤-dṳ̀ kuóh-dà̤ mâ̤ siông ngiâng gì géng-lêng. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng siông-dài ī-hâiu, céng-hū ăng-bà̤ iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ siông-ngiâng. Gì-sê gì céng-cháik uòng-ciòng mò̤ lāu, bók-guó ô gì Háng-nè̤ng gó sê káng mâ̤ kī kuóh-dà̤.

== Ùng-huá hìng-chiông ==
=== Hók-ciŭ mìng-găng gì ùng-huá hìng-chiông ===
Hók-ciŭ mìng-găng ùng-huá diē-sié káng mâ̤ kī kuóh-dà̤, giéng-gáe̤k ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng găng-giēu-lê. Diŏh Hók-ciŭ-uâ dâi-dŏng ô iā sâ̤ káng mâ̤ kī kuóh-dà̤ gì sṳ̆k-ngṳ̄. Chiông „Kuóh-dà̤-ŭng“ (曲蹄瘟), „Siŏh lăk gāng-lāng gĕ̤h guó kăng, kuóh-dà̤ iâ siōng có̤ sĭng-săng; Chiū niĕng bék-giāng dēu-dēu-ciéng, mâ̤ siā săng cê Dâiu Iéng-săng“ (一粒橄欖丟過坑, 曲蹄也想做先生; 手拈筆仔抖抖戰, 賣寫三字竇燕山), „Kuóh-dà̤ â̤ có̤-guăng, Dṳ̆ng-nguòng biéng Báe̤k-huăng“ (曲蹄會做官, 中原變北番) cī siŏh lôi, gó ô „Kuóh-dà̤ nĕ̤ng siông ngiâng, siông ngâng ké̤ṳk páh sī mò̤ buòi miâng“ (曲蹄莫上岸, 上岸乞拍死無賠命) ciŏng-uâng ŭi-hiĕk gì uâ. Muāng-chĭng céng-hū ūng-hṳ̄ kuóh-dà̤ mā̤ guăng, gó ô „Ièu sùng ièu sùng lă, kuóh-dà̤ có̤ lō̤-diă. Siēu-iè dáng bóng-tĕ̤ng, siēu-ciā kó̤ dăk chiă. Tiăng-dŏng nè̤ng-káh háng gŭng-hī, bùng-diē nā̤-nā̤ táung-siēng-kă“ (搖船搖船啦, 曲蹄做老爹. 少爺擔糞桶, 小姐去踏車. 廳中儂客喊恭喜, 房裡奶奶脫跣骹) ciŏng-uâng chiéu kuóh-dà̤ gì sṳ̆k-ngṳ̄. «[[Mìng-dŭ Biék Gé]]» diē-sié iâ ô biēng-dă̤ kuóh-dà̤ gì ùng-cê, bók-guó ô gì kuóh-dà̤ diŏh ciā cṳ̆ diē-sié sê ī céng-mêng hìng-chiông chók-hiêng gì. Hók-ciŭ ô iā sâ̤ gì dê-miàng gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ ô găng-guó. Hók-ciŭ chê-kṳ̆ să̤-báe̤k ô [[Mā-ăng-săng]] (馬鞍山), gô-dā̤ hô̤ lā̤ Kuóh-dà̤-săng (曲蹄山), hŭ-uái gô-dā̤ ô iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ muài diŏh cŭ-nē̤. [[Mā-cū]] gì [[Nàng-găng-dō̤]] (南竿島) iâ ô Kuóh-dà̤-ó̤ (曲蹄澳).

=== Huăng-giāng bék â-dā̤ gì Mìng-gĕ̤ng gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ ===
1847 nièng Hók-ciŭ kăi-bó ī-hâiu, iā sâ̤ [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ]] lì Hók-ciŭ diòng-gáu. Cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng gì bék-gé diē-sié gé giâ lì iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ gì sĕng-uăk, ké̤ṳk huăng-giāng làu giâ iā chĭng gì éng-chiông:

{{Cquote|...ciŏng-uâng uăng-uăng-sék kŭi chă-bók-dŏ̤ ô 30 Ĭng-lī, nē̤ng-gă gì sùng kŭi gáu siŏh piéng biĕng-dău dŭ sê săng gì iā cóng gì dê-huŏng. Cŭ-nē̤ siŏh-chék-ché̤ṳ dŭ sê puái-só̤i sék mò̤ gŭi-cáik gì săng-mĕk, Hók-ciŭ-siàng cêu sê diŏh ciā săng-mĕk gì bō̤-hô dâi-dŏng. Buóh gáu Hók-ciŭ gì diô-dŏng, nguāi káng-giéng gĕ̤ng gì lâng-bĕng siŏh-muāng-sié dŭ sê sùng -- siàng-báik-siàng-chiĕng ciáh nâung-nâung-sék bēng-sùng, gó ô duâi gì sùng īng-giū gì dìng diŏh hŭ-uái, huòi sê sùng gì ciō-ìng diêu gì dê-huŏng. Cūi gà̤-dēng gì chió sê Dṳ̆ng-guók nè̤ng sĕng-uăk có̤i mìng-hiēng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng dĕk-sáik, diŏh cī ciáh dá̤-guók siŏh-chék-ché̤ṳ dŭ â̤ káng-giéng cī cṳ̄ng hŭng-sṳ̆k. Hók-ciŭ cūi gà̤-dēng gṳ̆-mìng gì ìng-kēu kēng-dêng chiĕu-guó gūi chiĕng, cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng diŏh cŭ-nē̤ chók-sié, diŏh cŭ-nē̤ buók-duâi, siŏh-sié-nè̤ng dŭ diŏh ciā sùng lā̤ sĕng-uăk. Ò̤ gà̤-dēng iâ dŭ sê gáuk cṳ̄ng gáuk sáik gì bìng-dā̤ huăng-sùng, ô bô duâi bô dâe̤ng gì Săng-dĕ̤ng-sùng, ô iā cóng iā kĭng gì ŭ-ŭ-sék gì Nìng-pŏ̤-sùng, hŭ-nó̤h-uâng gì sùng dŭ ô...|[[Huài Lā̤]], «Hók-ciŭ gì Gáu-huôi Gŭng-muó», 1858}}

{{Cquote|Kuóh-dà̤ sê siŏh ciáh bô duâi bô ô-mê gì siâ-huôi găi-ngék. Gĕ̤ng lâng-bĕng gì chiēng tăng, gó ô giò méng gâe̤ng giò-dŭng, dŭ sê iā hō̤ gì dìng sùng gì dê-huŏng, dìng lā̤ gáuk cṳ̄ng gáuk sáik gì iā sâ̤ sùng. Duâi nék-giāng gì sùng dò̤ lì hâ huó, diŏh siàng diē siàng ngôi kŭi lì kŭi kó̤, hĕ̤k-ciā dò̤ lì hâ lì Hók-ciŭ-gē̤ng gì sièng-sùng gâe̤ng mī-sùng gà̤-dēng buăng giâ lì gì huó; nâung nék-giāng gì sùng dò̤ lì hâ nè̤ng hĕ̤k-ciā páh-ngṳ̀. Chók-hāi gì bēng-sùng dìng diŏh giò hâ, iā sèu siŏh gĕ̤ng méng dŭ sê ciā sùng...|[[Măh Lé-huò]], «Sĕng-uăk diŏh Dṳ̆ng-guók nè̤ng dâi-dŏng», 1861}}

{{wide image|Panoramic view of river min 1870.jpg|1000px|Mìng-gĕ̤ng Chŏng-sèng-săng (倉前山) gáu Dŏng-ciŭ-dō̤ (中洲島) cĭ găng gì lièng-gă-sùng.}}

=== Diêng-īng ùng-huá dâi-dŏng gì kuóh-dà̤ ===
[[Mī-guók]] [[dô̤-iēng]] [[Julien Bryan]] diŏh 1947 nièng kiák guó siŏh buô miàng-cê hô̤ lā̤ «Bēng-sùng cĭ Gă» (''Sampan Family'') gì diêng-īng, gōng gì sê Mìng-gĕ̤ng diē-hāi-kāu hŭ-uái siŏh chió sáng Lìng (林) gì kuóh-dà̤ siŏh nĭk gì sĕng-uăk.

2009 nièng, dô̤-iēng Ŭ Hióng-huà (巫向華) gŏng-gé̤ṳ Kuóh-dà̤ gì ùng-huá sĕng-uăk kiák siàng siŏh buô [[diêng-īng]] «[[Tiĕng-ciō gì Ngṳ̀-hŭ]]» (天主其漁夫), ciā diêng-īng diē-sié duâi buô-hông nô̤i-ṳ̀ng sê kĕk Hók-ciŭ-uâ gōng gì.

== Hiêng-câung ==
[[File:Fuzhou Tanka Land-dwelling 1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Lò̤-nguòng siông ngiâng kuóh-dà̤ gì chió]]
Téng 20 sié-gī 50 nièng-dâi kăi-sṳ̄, Dṳ̆ng-guók céng-hū ăng-bà̤ kuóh-dà̤ siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, ciék-sêu gáu-ṳ̆k. Gĭng-dáng Mìng-gĕ̤ng gĕ̤ng gièng gâe̤ng hāi-gièng ô iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ gì chŏng, dŭ sê hī sèng-âu kī gì. Kuóh-dà̤ duâi buô-hông gó sê có̤ gâe̤ng cūi ô găng-guó gì gĕ̤ng-cáuk, chiông Chŏng-săng-kṳ̆ Mìng-gĕ̤ng nàng ngiâng gì kuóh-dà̤ cêu ké̤ṳk ăng-bà̤ gáu Chŏng-săng-kṳ̆ Cūi-siông ngṳ̀-ngiĕk dâi-dôi diē-sié kó̤, 1979 nièng, céng-hū gó buák kuăng kī siŏh cô̤ ngṳ̀-mìng sĭng-chŏng. Téng 1990 nièng-dâi kī, iā sâ̤ chió dŭ cê-gă kĕk ciŏng-tàu hĕ̤k-ciā chà lì kī chió.  Lò̤-nguòng-gâing céng-hū gó ké̤ṳk hāi-gièng gì kuóh-dà̤ kī Hāi-siông-chŏng (海上村, diŏh [[Sièng-gĕ̤ng-déng]]), Sĕng-hŭng-chŏng (先鋒村, diŏh [[Bê-lī-hiŏng]]), Sìng-hŭng-chŏng (乘風村, diŏh [[Sĕ̤ng-săng-déng]]) săng ciáh chŏng. 1990 nièng kăi-sṳ̄, Hók-ciŭ-chê céng-hū ciŏng diông giâ lì gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ ăng-bà̤ siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆. 

Gĭng-dáng gì kuóh-dà̤ sĕng-uăk gâe̤ng gáu-ṳ̆k cūi-bìng dŭ ô iā duâi gì tì-gŏ̤. Duâi buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ có̤ gâe̤ng páh-ngṳ̀, cūi siông ông-sók, uă săi ciŏng-uâng gì cék-ngiĕk, bêng-chiă dáik gáu céng-hū gì ék-dêng gĭng-cá̤ ciĕ-tì. Iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ ciŏng sùng gāi siàng duâi mŭk huăng-sùng (帆船), ô gì gó sāi â̤ hâ gūi báh dóng gì gáung sùng (鋼船). Ô gì kuóh-dà̤ ké̤ṳk céng-hū chiāng kó̤ có̤ nô̤i-ò̤ gì ôi-sĕng.

Lêng-ngôi siŏh huŏng-miêng, kuóh-dà̤ gì diòng-tūng ùng-huá ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng, kuóh-dà̤ gì ngṳ̀-gŏ̤, hiêng-câi ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk céng-hū gă gáu [[Hók-ciŭ-chê]] gâe̤ng [[Hók-gióng-sēng]] gì Hĭ-ŭk-cék Ùng-huá Mì-sāng (非物質文化遺產) gì miàng-dăng diē-sié kó̤ lāu.
== Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu ==
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{{Wiki Gê̤ṳng-hiōng|Category:Fuzhou Tanka}}

[[Category:Sĕk-ék]]
[[Category:Mìng-cŭk]]</text>
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      <text bytes="37751" xml:space="preserve">{{Hō̤ gì ùng-ciŏng}}
{{twinLAT|曲蹄}}
{{infobox ethnic group
|group    = Kuóh-dà̤
|native_name = 曲蹄
|image    = [[File:Hockchew Kuoh-da.jpg|300px]]
|caption  = 1910 nièng Hók-ciŭ Mìng-gĕ̤ng gà̤-dēng gì kuóh-dà̤
|popplace = [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] hâ-iù, [[Hók-gióng]] hāi-gièng
|rels     = [[Lò̤-mā-tiĕng-ciō-gáu]] gâe̤ng [[Dô̤-gáu]]
|langs    = [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] gâe̤ng [[Pū-tŭng-uâ]] (dâ̤ nê ngṳ̄-ngiòng)
|related=[[Siă-cŭk]], [[Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng]]
}}
'''Kuóh-dà̤''' ({{Siăng|Kuoh-da.ogg|曲蹄}}), iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''Kuóh-dà̤-giāng''', '''Lièng-gă Sùng-mìng''' (連家船民) hĕ̤k-ciā '''Hók-ciŭ Dáng-mìng''' (福州疍民), sê sĕng-uăk diŏh [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] siông gâe̤ng [[Hók-ciŭ]] hāi-gièng gì siŏh ciáh mìng-hiê, sṳ̆k [[dáng-mìng]] gì siŏh cṳ̄ng. &quot;Kuóh-dà̤&quot; ciā sṳ̀ sê lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng dó̤i ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì miĕk-chĭng. 

Áng diòng-tūng lì gōng, kuóh-dà̤ siŏh-sié-nè̤ng dâi-dŏng duâi-buô-hông gì sì-găng dŭ dêu diŏh [[sùng]] gà̤-dēng, lṳ̆k-dê siông gì [[Háng-nè̤ng]] káng mâ̤ kī ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng. Bók-guó gĭng-dáng, kuóh-dà̤ gĭ-buōng ī-gĭng siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ lāu.

Dṳ̀-kó̤ Hók-ciŭ gì kuóh-dà̤, dáng-mìng găk Dṳ̆ng-guók bĕk-dó̤i iâ ô hŭng-buó, chiông [[Mìng-nàng]], [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] hī siŏh dái dŭ ô.

== Mìng-chĭng ==
Kuóh-dà̤ iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''kuóh-dà̤-giāng''' (曲蹄囝), ô gì sèng-âu iâ â̤ siā có̤ '''Kuŏ-dà̤''' (科題), sê Hók-ciŭ Háng-nè̤ng dó̤i cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng gì chĭng-hŭ. Cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng nĭk-nĭk diŏh sùng diē-sié sĕng-uăk, kă-tōi â̤ có̤ uăng-uăng-sék bĕk mâ̤ dĭk, gó-chṳ̄ hô̤ lā̤ ciā miàng-cê. Nṳ̄ gì kuóh-dà̤ iâ ké̤ṳk Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ '''Gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng''' (江妹囝) hĕ̤k-ciā '''Kuóh-dà̤-bò̤''' (曲蹄婆).

Gū-dâi cṳ̆ diē-sié ciŏng kuóh-dà̤ hô̤ lā̤ '''iù-tīng-cṳ̄''' (游艇子), ciā miàng-cê diŏh «[[Báe̤k-sṳ̄]]» (北史) gâe̤ng «[[Săng-săng-cé]]» (三山志) diē-sié dŭ ô chók-hiêng guó, sê dó̤i Dṳ̆ng-guók dĕ̤ng-nàng hāi gièng sĕng-uăk gì dáng-mìng gì tūng-chĭng. [[Dòng-dièu]] gâe̤ng [[Sóng-dièu]] gì sèng-âu ék-buăng gó̤ ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ '''băh-cūi-lòng''' (白水郎), '''băh-cūi-siĕng''' (白水仙) hĕ̤k-ciā '''băh-cūi-ìng''' (白水人), cī gūi ciáh miàng-cê diŏh «Săng-săng-cé» diē-sié dŭ ô gōng gáu. Dáng ciā cê sê cī nàng-huŏng gì ì-ìng (夷人), ciā chĭng-hŭ diŏh [[Sùi-dièu]] gì sèng-âu kăi-sṳ̄ chók-hiêng, gáu [[Nàng-sóng]] ī-hâiu ciáh kăi-sṳ̄ puō-biéng kĕk cuòi lì gó̤ cī siŏh dêng diŏh hāi-gièng sĕng-uăk gì nè̤ng.

== Kī-nguòng ==
[[File:Inner River of Fuzhou.jpg|thumb|300px|Hók-ciŭ nô̤i-ò̤ diē-sié gì lièng-gă-sùng]]
Kuóh-dà̤ gì kī-nguòng, diŏh kuóh-dà̤ cê-gă gì diòng-siók dâi-dŏng cêu ô iā sâ̤ cṳ̄ng gōng-huák, gì dṳ̆ng ô cī gūi cṳ̄ng bī-gáu chók-miàng:

#Giéng-gáe̤k cê-gă sê gô-dā̤ iù tiĕng gà̤-dēng dâung giâ lì gì [[sáu-chiū]], dâung dê-dău gì biéng siàng Háng-nè̤ng, dâung cūi lā̤ gì biéng siàng kuóh-dà̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê [[Mìng-uŏk]] nè̤ng, Mìng-uŏk ké̤ṳk [[Háng Ū-dá̤]] miĕk lâi gì sèng-âu cāu cūi lā̤ kó̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê [[Dĕ̤ng-céng]] sèng-âu nùng-mìng gŭng tàu-tàu [[Lù Sùng]] (盧循) gì buô-hâ. Lù Sùng cô̤-huāng sék-bâi ī-hâiu cāu hāi lā̤ kó̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê Hók-gióng gì nguòng-cê̤ṳ-mìng. [[Uòng Sīng-dĭ]] páh gáu Hók-gióng ī-hâiu ciŏng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng gì chèng dŏk kó̤, dṳ̆k kó̤ hāi lā̤.
#Gōng cê-gă gì cū-cŭng sê [[Mūng-gū-nè̤ng]]. [[Nguòng-dièu]] miĕk-uòng ī-hâiu â̤ giăng Háng-nè̤ng bó̤-hók cāu cūi lā̤ kó̤.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Hùng Ái-dĭng (馮愛珍)|title=Hók-ciŭ Huŏng-ngiòng Sṳ̀-diēng (福州方言詞典)|year=1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Gó ô gì Kuóh-dà̤ gōng cê-gă cū-cŭng sê [[Dìng Iū-liông]] (陳友諒) gì buô-hâ.

Buô-hông kuóh-dà̤ gì [[cŭk-puō]] gōng sê téng [[Săng-să̤]] buăng guó lì gì. Gū-dâi gì cṳ̆ dŭ nêng-ùi kuóh-dà̤ sṳ̆k &quot;siè cṳ̄ng&quot; (蛇種), sê Mìng-uŏk nè̤ng gì hâiu-dâi. Gōng kuóh-dà̤ sê [[sáik-mŭk-nè̤ng]] (色目人, Nguòng-dièu sèng-âu téng [[Dṳ̆ng-ā]] lì gì huăng-giāng) gì hâiu-dâi dŭ mò̤ sié-nó̤h gŏng-gé̤ṳ.

Hiêng-dâi hŏk-sŭk-gái ciō-liù gì guăng-diēng sê: Kuóh-dà̤ sê gô-dā̤ [[Báh-uŏk]] nè̤ng gì hâiu-dâi, gâe̤ng gĭng-dáng gì [[Siă-cŭk]] kī-nguòng chă-bók-dŏ̤, nâ sê gōng chă-biék gì uâ, kuóh-dà̤ diêu diŏh gì cūi biĕng-dău. kuóh-dà̤ gâe̤ng gì-tă dê-huŏng gì dáng-mìng ô siŏh ciáh cū-cŭng, ô gì kuóh-dà̤ sê téng [[Ciék-gŏng]] hāi-gièng hŭ-uái buăng guó lì gì, ô gì kuóh-dà̤ téng Hók-ciŭ buăng kó̤ Ciék-gŏng gâe̤ng [[Gŏng-sŭ]], gáu-muōi-lāu bô téng hŭ-uái buăng diōng lì.

Kuóh-dà̤ nguòng-lài ô cê-gă gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng. gáu-muōi-lāu ĭng-ôi gâe̤ng lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng gĭng-guó dòng-gĭ gì ciék-ché̤ṳk, gáu [[Mìng-dièu]] gì sèng-âu ī-gĭng Háng-huá (漢化), gāi siàng sāi [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]]. [[Muāng-chĭng]] Ṳ̆ng-céng 7 nièng (1729 nièng) gì sèng-âu, [[Ṳ̆ng-céng Huòng-dá̤]] mêng-lêng: „Mò̤-niĕ-ài kī chió gì dáng-mìng, niông ĭ diêu diŏh sùng lā̤, ng-sāi giòng-páe̤k ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng siông-ngiâng; ô nèng-lĭk kī chió gì, â̤ sāi diŏh cūi biĕng-dău kī cê-gă gì cŏng lì diêu, gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng siŏh iông diŏh siông hô̤-kēu, huŏng-biêng diêu-că, pāi-giāng mâ̤ sāi kó̤ kiĕ-hô ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng. gó̤ có̤-guăng-gì kó̤ kuóng dáng-mìng kăi huăng-dê, có̤ chèng, gâe̤ng gì-tă nè̤ng siŏh iông.“ Ṳ̆ng-céng ūng-hṳ̄ dáng-mìng siông-ngiâng mā̤ chió, mā̤ chèng, có̤ sĕng-é gâe̤ng kō̤-cṳ̆, téng cī sèng-âu kăi-sṳ̄, ô ciēu-buô-hông gì Dáng-mìng siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng ké̤ṳk nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „hiók-gă“ (歇家). [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] sìng-lĭk ī-hâiu, céng-hū géng-cī Háng-nè̤ng káng-mâ̤-kī Dáng-mìng, siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ gì nè̤ng kăi-sṳ̄ biéng sâ̤. [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] sìng-lĭk ī-hâiu, céng-hū ăng-bà̤ iā sâ̤ Dáng-mìng siông-ngiâng, gĭng-dáng gĭ-buōng mò̤ nè̤ng chiông gô-dā̤ hŭ-uâng diêu diŏh cūi lā̤ lāu.

[[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] ciáh sìng-lĭk gì sèng-âu, có̤ cā ciŏng dáng-mìng dóng siŏh ciáh siēu-só mìng-cŭk lì káng. Gáu-muōi-lāu diŏh 1955 nièng mìng-cŭk sék-biék diêu-că gì sèng-âu, [[Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng]] giéng-gáe̤k Dáng-mìng ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk Háng-cŭk dùng-huá (同化), mò̤ cê-gă mìng-cŭk dĕk-cĭng gâe̤ng é-sék, gó-chṳ̄ ciŏng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng dóng Háng-cŭk gì siŏh buô-hông.

==Tā̤-cék dĕk-cĭng==
Gô-dā̤ kuóh-dà̤ kō̤-nèng gó ô gô-dā̤ Mìng-uŏk-nè̤ng sĭng-tā̤ gì dĕk-cĭng, bók-guó hiêng-câi ī-gĭng gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng mò̤ sié-nó̤h kṳ̆-biék lāu. Gô-dā̤ kuóh-dà̤ có̤i mìng-hiēng gì dĕk-cĭng, puòi-hū ngàng-sáik bī-gáu chĭng, [[kă-tōi]] bī-gáu dō̤i â̤ có̤ uăng-uăng-sék, Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng gó ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „kuóh-dà̤“ (曲蹄), kō̤-nèng cêu sê téng cŭ-uái lì gì. Ciŏng-uâng gì ngôi-hìng, gâe̤ng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng iā sèu diŏh bô áng bô ā̤ gì sùng diē-sié [[kă-kók-tàu]] uăng lā̤ [[kó̤-káung]], kă-tōi buàng lā̤ sô̤i diŏh dê-dău, chă kŭi lì niăh ngṳ̀ ô dĭk-ciék gì guăng-hiê.

==Ìng-kēu gâe̤ng ngṳ̄-ngiòng==
[[File:Hockchew Tanka distribution.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Kuóh-dà̤ gì hŭng-buó]]
Gáuk sì-gĭ dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ ìng-kēu tūng-gié gì só-gé̤ṳ dŭ chă iā huông. Mìng-guók sèng-âu gì hŏk-ciā [[Dìng Ùng-dò̤]] (陳文濤) giéng-gáe̤k Hók-ciŭ chê-kṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ chă-bók-dŏ̤ â̤ dăk gáu 10 uâng, ciā só-gé̤ṳ kō̤-nèng bī-gáu ciék-gê̤ṳng dŏng-sì gì cìng-huóng. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng ciáh siông-dài sèng-âu có̤ guó tūng-gié: Mìng-gĕ̤ng diē-hāi-kāu gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ-liāng ô 3731 chió, 17235 nè̤ng, gì-dṳ̆ng nàng gì 8760 nè̤ng, nṳ̄ gì 8475 nè̤ng, nàng nṳ̄ bī-liê 1:0.967; diŏh [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] [[Diòng-lŏ̤h]], [[Īng-tái]], [[Nàng-bìng]] hó-gê̤ṳng tié-lāu buăng lì buăng kó̤ gì ô 4219 chió, 10369 nè̤ng. Ciŏng-uâng gōng Mìng-gĕ̤ng gì Hók-ciŭ Kuóh-dà̤ ô 27604 nè̤ng, cuòi gó mò̤ sáung hāi-gièng [[Lò̤-nguòng]], [[Lièng-gŏng]] hŭ-uái gì kuóh-dà̤. Gó ô cṳ̆-lâiu gōng, gáu 1950 nièng cō̤-iêu, Mìng-gĕ̤ng diē-sié ô kuóh-dà̤ 3 uâng gūi ciáh. 

Kuóh-dà̤ có̤i cā diêu diŏh Hók-ciŭ gì Săng-gâing-ciŭ (三縣洲), Bŏng-ciŭ (幫洲), Ngiê-ciŭ (義洲), Ák-mō̤-ciŭ (鴨姆洲), Huáng-sùng-puō (泛船浦), Siông-dô (上渡), Dŏng-ciŭ (中洲), Chŏng-hà gâe̤ng Cūi-buô hŭ-uái. Gáu-muōi-lāu bô buăng gáu Nàng-sê̤ṳ (南嶼), Hùng-dòng (洪塘), Mā-gĕ̤ng (馬江), Dìng-gĕ̤ng (亭江), Guāng-tàu (琯頭), Làu-giè (劉岐), gó ô [[Mìng-âu]], Diòng-lŏ̤h, Īng-tái, [[Mìng-chiăng]], Lò̤-nguòng, [[Lièng-gŏng]] ciŏng-uâng gì gĕ̤ng gièng gâe̤ng hāi gièng. Bô ô Kuóh-dà̤ téng Mìng-gĕ̤ng tié-lāu hióng siông-kă̤ giàng, buăng gáu [[Mìng-báe̤k]] gì [[Nàng-bìng]], [[Siêu-ū]], [[Sông-chiŏng]], [[Gióng-ĕu]], [[Ciŏng-lŏk]] hŭ-uái kó̤. Iâ ô gì buăng kó̤ hāi gièng gì [[Nìng-dáik]], [[Hà-puō]] hŭ-nē̤.

Gĭng-dáng gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ sāi [[Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄]] gì [[Hók-ciŭ-uâ]] có̤ cê-gă gì mū-ngṳ̄. Buăng kó̤ Mìng-báe̤k gì kuóh-dà̤ iâ sê gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ. Ô gì dê-huŏng gì kuóh-dà̤ gó ô cê-gă dĕk-sṳ̀ gì sṳ̀. Kuóh-dà̤ diŏh lĭk-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng ô cê-gă gì ngṳ̄-ngiòng, bók-guó gáu-muōi-lāu kăi-sṳ̄ uâng kó̤ sāi [[Háng-nè̤ng]] gì Hók-ciŭ-uâ. Gáu [[Mìng-dièu]] gì sèng-âu, duâi buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ ī-gĭng â̤ gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ lāu, bók-guó gó ô bō̤-liù iā sâ̤ cê-gă ngṳ̄-ngiòng gì ngṳ̄-huák gâe̤ng dăng-sṳ̀. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng siông-dài ī-hâiu duâi có̤ [[tŭi-guōng Pū-tŭng-uâ]], gó-chṳ̄ gĭng-dáng iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ iâ â̤ gōng [[Pū-tŭng-uâ]].

==Sáng==
Kuóh-dà̤ gì sáng ô sĕk gūi cṳ̄ng, iā sâ̤ dŭ sê Mìng-dièu gâe̤ng Muāng-chĭng Háng-huá gì sèng-âu kī gì. Nè̤ng bī-gáu sâ̤ gì sáng kō̤-nèng dŭ gâe̤ng cūi hĕ̤k-ciā páh-ngṳ̀ ô găng-guó. Bī-gáu diēng-hìng gì chiông Gŏng (江), Dòng (唐), Ŭng (翁), Ĕu (歐), Păng (潘), Biêng (卞), Diè (池), Puō (浦) dēng dēng. Gì-dṳ̆ng, „Ŭng“ gì é-sé̤ṳ kō̤-nèng sê „ngṳ̀-ŭng“ (páh-ngṳ̀-gì); „Păng“ (潘) é-sé̤ṳ sê „cūi gà̤-dēng gì huăng-giāng“; „Ĕu“ (歐) kō̤-nèng cī „[[hāi-ĕu]]“; Diè (池), Puō (浦), Gŏng (江), Hāi (海) ciông-uâng gì sáng, dŭ sê ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sĕng-uăk gì dê-huŏng. Lêng-ngôi, ô gì sáng Dìng (陳) gì kuóh-dà̤ gōng cê-gă sê [[Dìng Iū-liông]] (陳友諒) gì hâiu-dâi. Diòng-lŏ̤h Diù-dĕ̤ng-chŏng (籌東村) gì sáng Lù (盧) gì kuóh-dà̤ gōng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sê [[Lù Sùng]] (盧循) gì hâiu-dâi.

Hók-ciŭ chê-kṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ iā sâ̤ sáng Dòng (唐), sáng Lâi (賴), sáng Gŏng (江), sáng Ŭng (翁) hĕ̤k-ciā sáng Ciĕng (詹); Mìng-âu gì iā sâ̤ sáng Ĕu (歐), Biêng (卞), Diè (池), Gŏng (江) gâe̤ng Guóh (郭); Diòng-lŏ̤h gì sáng Dìng (陳), Gŏng (江), Ŭng (翁) gâe̤ng Ngà̤ (倪) gì bī-gáu sâ̤; Lò̤-nguòng hāi gièng gì ciō-iéu sáng Lìng (林), Ĕu (歐), Gŏng (江), Dâng (鄭), Lièng (連), Dìng (陳), Ŭng (翁), Làu (劉), Biêng (卞) hĕ̤k-ciā Dòng (唐).

== Ùng-huá ==
[[File:Min River and Tanka Boats.jpg|right|thumb|300px|1927 nièng [[Mìng-gĕ̤ng]] Uâng-sêu-giò (萬壽橋, gĭng-dáng [[Gāi-huóng-dâi-giò]]) â-dā̤ gì lièng-gă-sùng]]
Diŏh lĭk-sṳ̄ gà̤-dēng, kuóh-dà̤ ké̤ṳk lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng káng mâ̤ kī, ng-niông ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng siông-ngiâng, siŏh-sié-nè̤ng diêu diŏh sùng gà̤-dēng. Kuóh-dà̤ gĭng-cá̤ lài-nguòng ciō-iéu sê diŏh hāi-gièng hĕ̤k-ciā ò̤ lā̤ niăh ngṳ̀, hĕ̤k-ciā sāi sùng lì hâ nó̤h. Duâi-buô-hông nè̤ng chió iā bék, bô gă lā̤ sĕng-uăk iā ṳ̀ng-ê sêu gáu [[hŭng-tăi]] gì īng-hiōng. Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók sìng-lĭk ī sèng, kuóh-dà̤ duâi-buô-hông dŭ mò̤ sié-nó̤h ùng-huá. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng siông-dài ī-hâiu, duâi-buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, iā sâ̤ diòng-tūng gì hŭng-sṳ̆k gâe̤ng sĕng-uăk huŏng-sék kăi-sṳ̄ biéng mò̤, ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng.

=== Sê̤ṳng ===
Muāng-chĭng gáu Mìng-guók gì sèng-âu, kuóh-dà̤ ék-buăng sê̤ṳng kĕk [[muài-buó]] (麻布) có̤ gì ĭ-siòng-kó, niēng siàng [[làng-sáik|làng]], [[ŭ-sáik|ŭ]] hĕ̤k-ciā [[cĕ̤ng-sáik|dà-sáik]]. Hŭ-uâng gì kó iā kuăng iā duâi, ké̤ṳk nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „kuóh-dà̤-kó“ (曲蹄褲). Nṳ̄-gái chiū-uōng gà̤-dēng é̤ṳ tiéng siŏh cèng siŏh cáung kuăng gì ŭ-ŭ-sék biĕng-biĕng. Diŏh siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ ī-sèng, duâi-buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ é̤ṳ táung-siēng-kă, ng-dái mô̤. nṳ̄-gái ng-[[dièng-kă]] (纏骹), [[tàu-huók]] sĕ̤ ciĕng-ciĕng-sék, muōi-muōi kiéu tiĕng, ciā huók-hìng hô̤ lā̤ „ciĕng-lòi-guói“ (尖螺髻); lâu-mū â̤ ciŏng tàu-huók buàng kī lì, sāi siŏh cṳ̄ng iông-sék chiông [[siè]] gì, ô ngô chióh hī māng dòng gì [[căng-căng]] (簪簪) chák tàu-huók lā̤. Cuòi ké̤ṳk ô gì hŏk-ciā dóng có̤ kuóh-dà̤ sê [[Mìng-uŏk]] nè̤ng hâiu-dâi gì céng-gé̤ṳ, ĭng-ôi Mìng-uŏk nè̤ng cĭng mì-séng lâu-siè.
=== Diêu ===
[[File:Bridge of Ten Thousand Ages and sampans.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Dŏng-ciŭ-dō̤ (中洲島) nàng gièng gì Lièng-gă-sùng, biĕng-dău dŭ sê kuóh-dà̤ kī gì puái chió. (1907 nièng kiák gì sióng)]]
Gô-dā̤ duâi-buô-hông gì Kuóh-dà̤ siŏh-sié-nè̤ng dŭ sê diêu diŏh sùng lā̤. „Lièng-gă-sùng“ (連家船) ciā miàng-cê sê dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ bī-gáu dṳ̆ng-séng (中性) gì chĭng-hŭ, ciā sṳ̀ iâ dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ mò̤ sié-nó̤h káng mâ kī gì é-sé̤ṳ. Mìng-gĕ̤ng gà̤-dēng gì lièng-gă-sùng ék-buăng ô 5 gáu 6 [[mī]] hī māng dòng, ô 3 mī hī māng kuăng. Tàu-muōi ciĕng-ciĕng-sék kiéu tiĕng, dâi-dŏng bô bàng bô kuák, gó ô kĕk dé̤ṳk-bùng có̤ gì sùng-dū. Siŏh gá ciŏng-uâng gì sùng sê kuóh-dà̤ gĕ̤ng-cáuk gâe̤ng sĕng-uăk gì dê-huŏng, páh-ngṳ̀ diŏh sùng-tàu gì gák-bēng, sùng-dū cêu sê chió gâe̤ng chŏng-kó, sùng-muōi sê [[cháik-sū]]. Kuóh-dà̤ ék-buăng kĕk siŏh cṳ̄ng chŭ-chŭ-sék dé̤ṳk-dè̤ng téng kó-kă-biĕng â-dā̤ tū diē kó̤ ciék [[niêu]] bà̤ chók lì, ô gì kuóh-dà̤ gó â̤ diŏh sùng-muōi iōng [[giĕ]] gâe̤ng [[ák]] cī siŏh lôi gì [[tàu-săng]]. Bī-gáu cā sèng-âu siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ â̤ diŏh gĕ̤ng-gièng hĕ̤k-ciā tăng-tù (灘塗) lā̤ kī chió. Ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sĕng diŏh dê-dău lā̤ páh kĕk chà có̤ gì dōng, gái ciŏng nguòng-lài cê-gă gì sùng ĕng diŏh gà̤-dēng dóng chió lì sāi, hĕ̤k-ciā ng-kĕk sùng lì có̤, găk dōng gà̤-dēng puō chà-bēng lì kī chió. Hŭ-uâng gì chió iā nâung, ké̤ṳk nè̤ng hô̤ lā̤ „sé-kă-làu“ (四骹樓) hĕ̤k-ciā „tì-kă-bùng“ (提骹房).

=== È̤ng băh duâi dâi ===
[[File:Huang-sung-puo2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Mìng-gĕ̤ng gì nàng gièng gì [[Huáng-sùng-puō Tiĕng-ciō-dòng]] (泛船浦天主堂). Gô-dā̤ iā sâ̤ sáng Tiĕng-ciō-gáu gì kuóh-dà̤ gáu cŭ-nē̤ lì gì-dō̤.]]
Áng diòng-tūng gì hŭng-sṳ̆k, kuóh-dà̤ gì giék-huŏng ék-buăng iù bâ-nā̤ có̤ ciō, iâ ô gó̤ nè̤ng có̤ muòi gì. Ék-buăng tiàng-sê̤ṳ sê sáe̤ng lā̤, có̤ chók-dông (做出動), chiăng nā̤ (請奶, chiăng [[Lìng-cūi-nā̤]]) gâe̤ng guó guăng (過關). Cṳ̆-niòng-giāng 18 huói chók-gá, giék-huŏng ī-hâiu kó̤ dòng-buŏ chió lā̤ diêu, hī siŏh buŏ ô tiè-gá (啼嫁), má-gá (罵嫁) gì hŭng-sṳ̆k. gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng â̤ gá siông ngiâng, kuóh-dà̤-giāng mò̤ tō̤ lṳ̆k-dê gì nṳ̄-gái có̤ lâu-mā. Giék-huŏng hī siŏh nĭk, cūi méng gì sùng nâ sê káng-giéng kó̤ ciék [[sĭng-bô]] gì sùng, mò̤ guāng â̤ nêng-sék mâ̤, dŭ â̤ sāi giàng guó kó̤ tō̤ [[mī-ciū]] lì chiók. Mī-ciū sê nṳ̄-huŏng buòi-gá gì nó̤h, hô̤ lā̤ „sĭng-bô-niêu“ (新婦尿). Gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng diŏh [[dòng-buŏ]] sī lō̤ ī-hâiu ék-buăng â̤ gái gá siŏh ciáh, giék-huŏng ī-sèng nâ sê ô gâe̤ng bék-ciáh nàng-gái [[séng-gău|sá]], biék-nè̤ng iâ mâ̤ kó̤ gōng ĭ, cuòi dŭ mò̤ Háng-nè̤ng hī māng gōng-gé̤ṳ. Chió bó gì nàng-gái gó â̤ kó̤ tō̤ [[sá̤-bò̤]].

Kuóh-dà̤ sī nè̤ng sèng-âu gì hŭng-sṳ̆k gâe̤ng lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng ô nék-giāng chă-biék. Pī-ṳ̀ gōng, kuóh-dà̤ chió bék, mò̤-niĕ-ài chiăng [[hù-siông]] [[dô̤-sê̤ṳ]] lì [[có̤ chék]] (做七). Hāi-gièng gì kuóh-dà̤ mò̤ [[muó]], ék-buăng dò̤ chāu-chiŏh (草蓆) guōng lâ, muài diŏh bī-gáu piék gì tăng-tù (灘塗) diē-sié, cuòi mâ̤ sāi ké̤ṳk bék-nè̤ng káng-giéng. Có̤i cā sáng [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]] gì kuóh-dà̤ muài diŏh Hók-ciŭ-siàng să̤-báe̤k gì Hông-gáu-săng (奉教山). Ciā săng cêu sê gĭng-dáng gì [[Mā-ăng-săng]] (馬鞍山), gô-dā̤ Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng gó̤ ĭ Kuóh-dà̤-săng (曲蹄山).
=== Có̤-cáik===
Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng [[cié-cáu]] ô „Guăng săng mìng sé kuóh-dà̤ ngô“ (官三民四曲蹄五) gì gōng-huák. Cêu sê gōng, [[có̤-guăng-gì]] diŏh Sĕk-nê-nguŏk niék-săng cié-cáu, báh-sáng diŏh niék-sé cié-cáu, kuóh-dà̤ diŏh niék-ngô cié. [[Săng-sĕk màng-buŏ]] gì sèng-âu, kuóh-dà̤ â̤ ciŏng sùng kŭi gáu Mìng-gĕ̤ng dâi-dŏng kó̤, miēng lā̤ cái-ciō (債主) lì tō̤ cièng, cuòi hô̤ lā̤ „chiĕng-gŏ̤“ (遷篙). Ciáng-nguŏk chĕ̤-nê gáu chĕ̤-sé, nṳ̄-gái gâe̤ng niè-giāng â̤ siông ngiâng tō̤ guōi (討粿), kó̤ Háng-nè̤ng diêu gì dê-huŏng, gă-gă-chió-chió chióng sĭ bái nièng (唱詩拜年), gōng gék-lé gì uâ lì tō̤ guōi. Kuóh-dà̤ chók-miàng gì «[[tō̤ guōi sĭ]]» (討粿詩) ô: „Gŭ sō̤ sĕ̤ng-sĕ̤ng hŏk sĭng-nièng, è̤ng-è̤ng sāng-dĕng guá tiăng sèng; hō̤ gŏ̤ hō̤ guōi sáe̤ng nù kó̤, gĭng-cê bà̤-bēng kiê muòng sèng.“ (姑嫂雙雙賀新年, 紅紅傘燈掛廳前; 好糕好粿送奴去, 金字牌板豎門前) „Gô nièng gáu kó̤ bô sĭng nièng, sĕng-é hĭng-lè̤ng téng duâi cièng; gŭng-hī huák-cài bìng-ăng guó, sáe̤ng nù [[tòng-guōi]] guó mùong sèng.“ (舊年過了又新年, 生意興隆賺大錢; 恭喜發財平安過, 送奴糖粿過門前) dēng dēng. Có̤ cáik gì sèng-âu, Kuóh-dà̤ ô chióng ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ (漁歌) gì diòng-tūng, bók-guó cuòi găk gĭng-dáng ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng.

=== Géng-gé ===
Kuóh-dà̤ iā giăng nè̤ng téng sùng sèng-dău gĭng-guó, ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng giéng-gáe̤k cuòi sê cūi-mā (水馬, é-sé̤ṳ sê céng sī gì nṳ̄-gái) gì hióng-cĭng. Bók-guó nâ sê dé̤ṳk diŏh cūi-mā dŭ diŏh lău gèng lì, biê-miēng [[gūi]] lì tō̤ mà-huàng. Kuóh-dà̤ káng-giéng dâung cūi lā̤ nè̤ng mâ̤ sāi dĭk-ciék giú siông lì, ô săng tèng săng pù (三沉三浮) gái giú gì sĭk-guáng. Ĭng-ôi iā sèu giàng sùng, kuóh-dà̤ giăng gōng „tó̤i“ (退), „huàng“ (橫) ciŏng-uâng gì cê. Kuóh-dà̤ giéng-gáe̤k káng-giéng bà̤-lēng-pók gì nó̤h dŭ mâ̤ gék-lé, diāng lō̤ buòng-buòng lō̤ dŭ mâ̤ sāi bà̤-lēng-pók, siăh ngṳ̀ iâ mâ̤ sāi huăng siŏh méng. Kuóh-dà̤ giéng-gáe̤k [[ngṳ̀]] gì [[mĕ̤k-ciŭ]] mâ̤ siăh gì, ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng diŏh sùng-tàu â̤ diĕu ngṳ̀ gì mĕ̤k-ciŭ, giéng-gáe̤k cuòi â̤ bō̤-bé sùng mâ̤ pâung.

=== Ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ ===
''Ciō dèu-mŭk: '''[[Kuóh-dà̤-ké̤ṳk]]'''''

Kuóh-dà̤ gì ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ (漁歌) sê kuóh-dà̤ mìng-găng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng diòng-tūng ĭng-ngŏk, ciō-iéu ô buàng-gŏ̤ (盤歌) gâe̤ng chióng hŏk-nièng-gŏ̤ (唱賀年歌) lâng cṳ̄ng, dŭ sê kĕk Hók-ciŭ-uâ lì chióng. Buàng-gŏ̤ sê siŏh nàng siŏh nṳ̄ dó̤i-chióng (對唱), gŏ̤-sṳ̀ sê hiêng-diòng huák-hŭi gì; hŏk-nièng-gŏ̤ sê diŏh guó-nièng gì sèng-âu hióng lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng tō̤ guōi sèng-âu chióng gì gŏ̤. Kuóh-dà̤ ngṳ̀-gŏ̤ ô [[Mìng-kiŏk]] gì kuóh-diêu, iâ dó̤i Hók-ciŭ gì-tă gì mìng-ièu (民謠) kuóh-ngiê (曲藝) ô ék-dêng gì īng-hiōng, bók-guó gĭng-dáng ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng, hiêng-câi ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk céng-hū gă gáu [[Hók-ciŭ-chê]] gâe̤ng [[Hók-gióng-sēng]] gì  Hĭ-ŭk-cék Ùng-huá Mì-sāng (非物質文化遺產) gì miàng-dăng diē-sié kó̤ lāu.

=== Cŭng-gáu ===
Có̤i cā, kuóh-dà̤ sáng Hók-gióng buōng-tū dĕk-sáik gì iā sâ̤ Dô̤-gáu sìng, gì-dṳ̆ng bău-guák [[Ù-cṳ̆]], Siè-sìng (蛇神), Uă-sìng (蛙神), Lṳ̀ng-sìng (龍神), gó ô [[Mā-cū]], [[Nā-gŭng]], [[Băh-mā-cŏng-uòng]], Kăi-mìng-cŏng-uòng (開閩尊王, [[Uòng Sīng-dĭ]]), Ŭi-ū-cŏng-uòng (威武尊王, [[Uòng Sīng-dièu]]), [[Ngū-hók Uòng-iè]] (五福王爺), [[Lìng-cūi-nā̤]], Dìng Siông-cṳ̆ (陳尚書, [[Dìng Ùng-lṳ̀ng]]), [[Chék-sĭng-nā̤]] (七星奶), [[Chèng-lòi Gŭ-niòng]] (田螺姑娘) gâe̤ng gáuk cṳ̄ng dê-tàu-sìng. Kuóh-dà̤ cĭng sèu giàng-sùng, gó-chṳ̄ diŏh ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng dâi-dŏng cêng-kó̤ sáng Mā-cū, gó ciŏng Mā-cū gì séng-iōng diòng gáu [[Mìng-báe̤k]] gì nô̤i-lṳ̆k dê-kṳ̆ kó̤. Kuóh-dà̤ gó ciŏng Băh-mā-cŏng-uòng gì séng-iōng diòng gáu [[Mā-cū-dō̤]], Nā-gŭng gì séng-iōng diòng kó̤ [[Liù-giù]]. Iâ ô siŏh buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ sáng [[Hŭk-gáu]].

17 sié-gī gì sèng-âu, huăng-giāng [[diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ]] gáu Hók-ciŭ lì uăk-dông, sìng-lĭk [[gáu-kṳ̆]] (教區), kăi-sṳ̄ ô kuóh-dà̤ sáng [[Tiĕng-ciō-gáu]]. Téng 19 sié-gī dṳ̆ng-gĭ kī, cī siŏh dêng diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ ciŏng kuóh-dà̤ dóng có̤ sê dâe̤ng-iéu diòng-gáu dó̤i-chiông, gó ĭng-ôi cuòi dĕk-lìng-é kó̤ ŏ̤k Hók-ciŭ-uâ. Tiĕng-ciō-gáu gáu-huôi dó̤i-chiū hông-gáu gì kuóh-dà̤ siông-ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, bié-miēng ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng sêu gáu Háng-nè̤ng gì kiĕ-hô, bô kŭi hŏk-hâu gáu-ṳ̆k kuóh-dà̤, gó-chṳ̄ hông-gáu gì kuóh-dà̤ muōng biéng muōng sâ̤. Gáu gĭng-dáng, duâi-buô-hông gì Kuóh-dà̤ dŭ sáng Tiĕng-ciō-gáu lāu. Kuóh-dà̤ gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ gì hâiu-dâi ciéng Hók-ciŭ Tiĕng-ciō-gáu gáu-dù gì ìng-kēu iā duâi.

== Dó̤i kuóh-dà̤ gì gì-sê ==
[[File:Bridge across harbor, Fujian, China, ca. 1910 (impa-m14125).jpg|right|thumb|300px|1910 nièng gì [[Uâng-sêu-giò]] (萬壽橋), giò gà̤-dēng giàng gì sê Háng-nè̤ng, â-dā̤ dŭ sê kuóh-dà̤ gì sùng.]]
Téng Sóng-dièu kăi-sṳ̄, kuóh-dà̤ ké̤ṳk lṳ̆k-dê gà̤-dēng gì Háng-nè̤ng dóng có̤ „ciéng-mìng“ (賤民) káng mâ̤ kī. Gô-dā̤ ô siŏh cṳ̄ng gōng-huák, Hók-ciŭ gì nàng-gái nâ mò̤ cièng tō̤ lâu-mā, ng-sê tō̤ gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng, cêu sê kó̤ tō̤ [[lâng-gā-siăng]] (兩個聲, cī ngôi-dê lì gì nè̤ng). Kuóh-dà̤ gì sĕng-sāng gâe̤ng sĕng-uăk dŭ sêu gáu iā duâi gì hâing-cié, mâ̤ sāi siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, mâ̤ sāi sê̤ṳng [[sĭ-dièu]] (絲綢) gì ĭ-siòng, mâ̤ sāi gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng giék-huŏng, siông áng mâ̤ sāi ciă [[sāng]] gâe̤ng sê̤ṳng [[à̤]], ô hō̤ dâi mâ̤ sāi diŏng-dĕng-giék-chăi (張燈結綵), giàng diô dŏng diŏh uăng iĕu dă̤ tàu ièng biĕng-dău giàng, mâ̤ sāi sê̤ṳng Háng-nè̤ng gì ĭ-siòng, kó-guāng siŏh mĕng gèng siŏh mĕng dă̤. Nṳ̄-gái sĕ̤ buáng-biĕng-guói (半爿髻), mâ̤ sāi ŏ̤k Háng-nè̤ng nṳ̄-gái hŭ-uâng sĕ̤. Ô gì dê-huŏng gó géng-cī kuóh-dà̤ siông ngiâng lì, dŏng-dê ô „Kuóh-dà̤ nĕ̤ng siông ngiâng, siông ngiâng páh sī mò̤ buòi miâng“ (曲蹄莫上岸, 上岸拍死無賠命) gì gōng-huák. Siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆ gì kuóh-dà̤ iâ mâ̤ sāi kī kĕk nguā có̤ dīng gì chió, ŏ̤k Háng-nè̤ng kī ô [[huōi-chiòng|huōi-chiòng-bău]] gì chió gâing-gâing sê mâ̤ sāi gì. Ô gì chió bó gì kuóh-dà̤ kĕk iā sâ̤ cièng kó̤ uōi-lô (賄賂) siŏh sáng gì Háng-nè̤ng, kĕk Háng-nè̤ng gì mìng-gék kó̤ tĕ̤k-cṳ̆ kō̤-cṳ̆.
̍
Muāng-chĭng muăk-gĭ Hók-ciŭ ô siŏh ciáh miàng hô̤ lā̤ [[Guóh Báik-chiŏng]] (郭柏蒼) gì tĕ̤k-cṳ̆-nè̤ng, diŏh ĭ siā gì «Dé̤ṳk găng Sĕk-nĭk uâ» (竹間十日話) diē-sié, ô gōng siŏh ciáh [[Sông-dê]] (順治) nièng-găng miàng-cê hô̤ lā̤ Gĭng Giáng (金鏡) gì céng-sê̤ṳ ĭng-ôi chió bék gâe̤ng gĕ̤ng-muói-giāng giék-huŏng, siâ-huôi dê-ôi biéng iā dă̤ gì gó-sê̤ṳ:

{{Cquote|Gĭng Giáng (金鏡), cê Sé̤ṳk-mìng (肅明), cáuk [[sé̤ṳ-cài]] (秀才) bìng sêng, ṳ̀ mâ̤-ngṳ̀-ìng tŭng puō. Hók-ciŭ sū chĭng mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤ cék kuóh-dà̤-bò̤, ī gì sĕng-diōng sùng dṳ̆ng, lâng cé̤ṳ gê̤ṳ kuóh gó miàng. Mò̤ ùi ciéng-cṳ̄ng (賤種), cṳ̄-sŏng bók-dáik éng-sé̤ṳ. Liê bók dĕng ngiâng, cáuk buáng-piéng-guói (半片髻), ī biék chèng-bò̤; ô sĕ̤ guói dái dṳ̆ng căng ciā, chèng-bò̤ diĕk ĕu chĭ. Gê̤ṳng săng-sĕk nièng sṳ̄ hông é. Ciŭ biĕng chèng dṳ̆ng uăng lī sū chĭng kuóh-dà̤-bò̤ ciā nāi gê-nṳ̄, táuk ùi mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤, gó siĕk sê̤ṳng. Cáik chiŏng uòng-kuă chĭng ngṳ̀-bò̤ Ìng ùi cĭ ngṳ̄ uŏk: „Nguŏk ciéu diè-dòng, ngṳ̀-ìng cháuk nêng Gĭng Giáng.“ (月照池塘, 漁人錯認金鏡) Áng: Gĭng gṳ̆ Nguŏh-chióh-săng (玉尺山) ī sê̤ṳ [[Gēng Cĭng-dṳ̆ng|Gēng Ngĭk]] (耿逆), liù kāu ngôi, ṳ̆k ùi Hò̤ Tì-dók (何提督) hô-bék (傅筆).|«Dé̤ṳk găng Sĕk-nĭk uâ», guóng. 5}}

Cī siŏh dâung Ùng-ngiòng-ùng huăng-ĭk siàng Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ é-sé̤ṳ cêu sê:

{{Cquote|Gĭng Giáng (金鏡), cê Sé̤ṳk-mìng (肅明), có̤ sé̤ṳ-cài gì sèng-âu chió iā bék, gâe̤ng mâ̤-ngṳ̀-gì giék-huŏng. Hók-ciŭ nè̤ng gó̤ gì mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤ (賣漁嫂) cêu sê kuóh-dà̤-bò̤ (曲蹄婆), sĕng-uăk diŏh sùng diē-sié, lâng ciáh kă-tōi dŭ â̤ có̤ uăng-uăng-sék, gó-chṳ̄ hô̤ ciā miàng-cê. Gáu-muōi-lāu dê-ôi biéng cêng-kó̤ dă̤, giāng-diê mâ̤ sāi kó̤ kō̤-cṳ̆. Áng sĭk-guáng mâ̤ sāi siông-ngiâng, sĕ̤ buáng-piéng-guói (半片髻), gâe̤ng chèng-bò̤ (Háng-nè̤ng gì có̤-chèng-gì nṳ̄-gái) kṳ̆-biék kŭi lì; nâ sê gāng sĕ̤ guói dái dṳ̆ng-căng (中簪) gì nè̤ng, dŭ â̤ ké̤ṳk chèng-bò̤ niăh lā̤ páh. Săng-sĕk gūi nièng ī-hâiu ciáh kăi-sṳ̄ (gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng) hông-siŏh-dŏi kó̤. Hiŏng-hâ nè̤ng gōng gì kuóh-dà̤-bò̤ sê [[gê-nṳ̄|mâ̤-chiéu-gì]], piéng nè̤ng cê-gă sê mâ̤-ngṳ̀-sō̤, gó-chṳ̄ â̤ ké̤ṳk nè̤ng kó̤-câung. Ô nè̤ng ĭng-ôi cuòi gōng: „Nguŏk dàng diè-dòng lā̤, páh-ngṳ̀-gì nêng dâng Gĭng Giáng.“ Áng: ciā Gĭng Giáng diêu diŏh Nguŏh-chióh-săng (玉尺山), gáu-muōi-lāu dó̤i-chiū [[Gēng Cĭng-dṳ̆ng]] cô̤-huāng, liù-huóng gáu [[Săng-hāi-guăng]] (山海關) ngiê-dău kó̤, mâ̤ ké̤ṳk Hò̤ Tì-dók có̤ hô-bék (傅筆).|«Dé̤ṳk găng Sĕk-nĭk uâ», guóng. 5}}

Téng Muāng-chĭng kăi-sṳ̄, céng-hū gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ dŭ buóh siōng chṳ̄-siĕu ciā gì-sê gì céng-cháik. 18 sié-gī Ṳ̆ng-céng (雍正) nièng-găng, céng-hū ṳ̄ng-hū kuóh-dà̤ siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, bók-guó mìng-găng gó ô cĭng sâ̤ nè̤ng káng mâ̤ kī ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng. Muāng-chĭng muăk-gĭ có̤ hiēng-céng (憲政), ô nè̤ng hióng Hók-gióng-sēng cṳ̆-ngiê-guŏh (諮議局) tì chók ngiê-áng, iéu-giù lĭk-huák bō̤-hô kuóh-dà̤ gâe̤ng Háng-nè̤ng dái-ngê̤ṳ bìng-dēng, dáng-sê céng-hū gōng cuòi sê sĭk-guáng, mò̤ ciék-sêu cuòi ngiê-áng. Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók sìng-lĭk ī-hâiu, uòng-ciòng gā̤-dṳ̀ kuóh-dà̤ mâ̤ siông ngiâng gì géng-lêng. Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng siông-dài ī-hâiu, céng-hū ăng-bà̤ iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ siông-ngiâng. Gì-sê gì céng-cháik uòng-ciòng mò̤ lāu, bók-guó ô gì Háng-nè̤ng gó sê káng mâ̤ kī kuóh-dà̤.

== Ùng-huá hìng-chiông ==
=== Hók-ciŭ mìng-găng gì ùng-huá hìng-chiông ===
Hók-ciŭ mìng-găng ùng-huá diē-sié káng mâ̤ kī kuóh-dà̤, giéng-gáe̤k ĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng găng-giēu-lê. Diŏh Hók-ciŭ-uâ dâi-dŏng ô iā sâ̤ káng mâ̤ kī kuóh-dà̤ gì sṳ̆k-ngṳ̄. Chiông „Kuóh-dà̤-ŭng“ (曲蹄瘟), „Siŏh lăk gāng-lāng gĕ̤h guó kăng, kuóh-dà̤ iâ siōng có̤ sĭng-săng; Chiū niĕng bék-giāng dēu-dēu-ciéng, mâ̤ siā săng cê Dâiu Iéng-săng“ (一粒橄欖丟過坑, 曲蹄也想做先生; 手拈筆仔抖抖戰, 賣寫三字竇燕山), „Kuóh-dà̤ â̤ có̤-guăng, Dṳ̆ng-nguòng biéng Báe̤k-huăng“ (曲蹄會做官, 中原變北番) cī siŏh lôi, gó ô „Kuóh-dà̤ nĕ̤ng siông ngiâng, siông ngâng ké̤ṳk páh sī mò̤ buòi miâng“ (曲蹄莫上岸, 上岸乞拍死無賠命) ciŏng-uâng ŭi-hiĕk gì uâ. Muāng-chĭng céng-hū ūng-hṳ̄ kuóh-dà̤ mā̤ guăng, gó ô „Ièu sùng ièu sùng lă, kuóh-dà̤ có̤ lō̤-diă. Siēu-iè dáng bóng-tĕ̤ng, siēu-ciā kó̤ dăk chiă. Tiăng-dŏng nè̤ng-káh háng gŭng-hī, bùng-diē nā̤-nā̤ táung-siēng-kă“ (搖船搖船啦, 曲蹄做老爹. 少爺擔糞桶, 小姐去踏車. 廳中儂客喊恭喜, 房裡奶奶脫跣骹) ciŏng-uâng chiéu kuóh-dà̤ gì sṳ̆k-ngṳ̄. «[[Mìng-dŭ Biék Gé]]» diē-sié iâ ô biēng-dă̤ kuóh-dà̤ gì ùng-cê, bók-guó ô gì kuóh-dà̤ diŏh ciā cṳ̆ diē-sié sê ī céng-mêng hìng-chiông chók-hiêng gì. Hók-ciŭ ô iā sâ̤ gì dê-miàng gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ ô găng-guó. Hók-ciŭ chê-kṳ̆ să̤-báe̤k ô [[Mā-ăng-săng]] (馬鞍山), gô-dā̤ hô̤ lā̤ Kuóh-dà̤-săng (曲蹄山), hŭ-uái gô-dā̤ ô iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ muài diŏh cŭ-nē̤. [[Mā-cū]] gì [[Nàng-găng-dō̤]] (南竿島) iâ ô Kuóh-dà̤-ó̤ (曲蹄澳).

=== Huăng-giāng bék â-dā̤ gì Mìng-gĕ̤ng gâe̤ng kuóh-dà̤ ===
1847 nièng Hók-ciŭ kăi-bó ī-hâiu, iā sâ̤ [[Gĭ-dók-gáu]] [[diòng-gáu-sê̤ṳ]] lì Hók-ciŭ diòng-gáu. Cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng gì bék-gé diē-sié gé giâ lì iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ gì sĕng-uăk, ké̤ṳk huăng-giāng làu giâ iā chĭng gì éng-chiông:

{{Cquote|...ciŏng-uâng uăng-uăng-sék kŭi chă-bók-dŏ̤ ô 30 Ĭng-lī, nē̤ng-gă gì sùng kŭi gáu siŏh piéng biĕng-dău dŭ sê săng gì iā cóng gì dê-huŏng. Cŭ-nē̤ siŏh-chék-ché̤ṳ dŭ sê puái-só̤i sék mò̤ gŭi-cáik gì săng-mĕk, Hók-ciŭ-siàng cêu sê diŏh ciā săng-mĕk gì bō̤-hô dâi-dŏng. Buóh gáu Hók-ciŭ gì diô-dŏng, nguāi káng-giéng gĕ̤ng gì lâng-bĕng siŏh-muāng-sié dŭ sê sùng -- siàng-báik-siàng-chiĕng ciáh nâung-nâung-sék bēng-sùng, gó ô duâi gì sùng īng-giū gì dìng diŏh hŭ-uái, huòi sê sùng gì ciō-ìng diêu gì dê-huŏng. Cūi gà̤-dēng gì chió sê Dṳ̆ng-guók nè̤ng sĕng-uăk có̤i mìng-hiēng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng dĕk-sáik, diŏh cī ciáh dá̤-guók siŏh-chék-ché̤ṳ dŭ â̤ káng-giéng cī cṳ̄ng hŭng-sṳ̆k. Hók-ciŭ cūi gà̤-dēng gṳ̆-mìng gì ìng-kēu kēng-dêng chiĕu-guó gūi chiĕng, cī siŏh dêng nè̤ng diŏh cŭ-nē̤ chók-sié, diŏh cŭ-nē̤ buók-duâi, siŏh-sié-nè̤ng dŭ diŏh ciā sùng lā̤ sĕng-uăk. Ò̤ gà̤-dēng iâ dŭ sê gáuk cṳ̄ng gáuk sáik gì bìng-dā̤ huăng-sùng, ô bô duâi bô dâe̤ng gì Săng-dĕ̤ng-sùng, ô iā cóng iā kĭng gì ŭ-ŭ-sék gì Nìng-pŏ̤-sùng, hŭ-nó̤h-uâng gì sùng dŭ ô...|[[Huài Lā̤]], «Hók-ciŭ gì Gáu-huôi Gŭng-muó», 1858}}

{{Cquote|Kuóh-dà̤ sê siŏh ciáh bô duâi bô ô-mê gì siâ-huôi găi-ngék. Gĕ̤ng lâng-bĕng gì chiēng tăng, gó ô giò méng gâe̤ng giò-dŭng, dŭ sê iā hō̤ gì dìng sùng gì dê-huŏng, dìng lā̤ gáuk cṳ̄ng gáuk sáik gì iā sâ̤ sùng. Duâi nék-giāng gì sùng dò̤ lì hâ huó, diŏh siàng diē siàng ngôi kŭi lì kŭi kó̤, hĕ̤k-ciā dò̤ lì hâ lì Hók-ciŭ-gē̤ng gì sièng-sùng gâe̤ng mī-sùng gà̤-dēng buăng giâ lì gì huó; nâung nék-giāng gì sùng dò̤ lì hâ nè̤ng hĕ̤k-ciā páh-ngṳ̀. Chók-hāi gì bēng-sùng dìng diŏh giò hâ, iā sèu siŏh gĕ̤ng méng dŭ sê ciā sùng...|[[Măh Lé-huò]], «Sĕng-uăk diŏh Dṳ̆ng-guók nè̤ng dâi-dŏng», 1861}}

{{wide image|Panoramic view of river min 1870.jpg|1000px|Mìng-gĕ̤ng Chŏng-sèng-săng (倉前山) gáu Dŏng-ciŭ-dō̤ (中洲島) cĭ găng gì lièng-gă-sùng.}}

=== Diêng-īng ùng-huá dâi-dŏng gì kuóh-dà̤ ===
[[Mī-guók]] [[dô̤-iēng]] [[Julien Bryan]] diŏh 1947 nièng kiák guó siŏh buô miàng-cê hô̤ lā̤ «Bēng-sùng cĭ Gă» (''Sampan Family'') gì diêng-īng, gōng gì sê Mìng-gĕ̤ng diē-hāi-kāu hŭ-uái siŏh chió sáng Lìng (林) gì kuóh-dà̤ siŏh nĭk gì sĕng-uăk.

2009 nièng, dô̤-iēng Ŭ Hióng-huà (巫向華) gŏng-gé̤ṳ Kuóh-dà̤ gì ùng-huá sĕng-uăk kiák siàng siŏh buô [[diêng-īng]] «[[Tiĕng-ciō gì Ngṳ̀-hŭ]]» (天主其漁夫), ciā diêng-īng diē-sié duâi buô-hông nô̤i-ṳ̀ng sê kĕk Hók-ciŭ-uâ gōng gì.

== Hiêng-câung ==
[[File:Fuzhou Tanka Land-dwelling 1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Lò̤-nguòng siông ngiâng kuóh-dà̤ gì chió]]
Téng 20 sié-gī 50 nièng-dâi kăi-sṳ̄, Dṳ̆ng-guók céng-hū ăng-bà̤ kuóh-dà̤ siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆, ciék-sêu gáu-ṳ̆k. Gĭng-dáng Mìng-gĕ̤ng gĕ̤ng gièng gâe̤ng hāi-gièng ô iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ gì chŏng, dŭ sê hī sèng-âu kī gì. Kuóh-dà̤ duâi buô-hông gó sê có̤ gâe̤ng cūi ô găng-guó gì gĕ̤ng-cáuk, chiông Chŏng-săng-kṳ̆ Mìng-gĕ̤ng nàng ngiâng gì kuóh-dà̤ cêu ké̤ṳk ăng-bà̤ gáu Chŏng-săng-kṳ̆ Cūi-siông ngṳ̀-ngiĕk dâi-dôi diē-sié kó̤, 1979 nièng, céng-hū gó buák kuăng kī siŏh cô̤ ngṳ̀-mìng sĭng-chŏng. Téng 1990 nièng-dâi kī, iā sâ̤ chió dŭ cê-gă kĕk ciŏng-tàu hĕ̤k-ciā chà lì kī chió.  Lò̤-nguòng-gâing céng-hū gó ké̤ṳk hāi-gièng gì kuóh-dà̤ kī Hāi-siông-chŏng (海上村, diŏh [[Sièng-gĕ̤ng-déng]]), Sĕng-hŭng-chŏng (先鋒村, diŏh [[Bê-lī-hiŏng]]), Sìng-hŭng-chŏng (乘風村, diŏh [[Sĕ̤ng-săng-déng]]) săng ciáh chŏng. 1990 nièng kăi-sṳ̄, Hók-ciŭ-chê céng-hū ciŏng diông giâ lì gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ ăng-bà̤ siông ngiâng diâng-gṳ̆. 

Gĭng-dáng gì kuóh-dà̤ sĕng-uăk gâe̤ng gáu-ṳ̆k cūi-bìng dŭ ô iā duâi gì tì-gŏ̤. Duâi buô-hông gì kuóh-dà̤ dŭ có̤ gâe̤ng páh-ngṳ̀, cūi siông ông-sók, uă săi ciŏng-uâng gì cék-ngiĕk, bêng-chiă dáik gáu céng-hū gì ék-dêng gĭng-cá̤ ciĕ-tì. Iā sâ̤ kuóh-dà̤ ciŏng sùng gāi siàng duâi mŭk huăng-sùng (帆船), ô gì gó sāi â̤ hâ gūi báh dóng gì gáung sùng (鋼船). Ô gì kuóh-dà̤ ké̤ṳk céng-hū chiāng kó̤ có̤ nô̤i-ò̤ gì ôi-sĕng.

Lêng-ngôi siŏh huŏng-miêng, kuóh-dà̤ gì diòng-tūng ùng-huá ô sék-diòng gì ngùi-hiēng, kuóh-dà̤ gì ngṳ̀-gŏ̤, hiêng-câi ī-gĭng ké̤ṳk céng-hū gă gáu [[Hók-ciŭ-chê]] gâe̤ng [[Hók-gióng-sēng]] gì Hĭ-ŭk-cék Ùng-huá Mì-sāng (非物質文化遺產) gì miàng-dăng diē-sié kó̤ lāu.
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|fest = 
|image = Long-wu.jpg
|caption = Lè̤ng-ū Huòng-dá̤
|event1 = '''[[1645 nièng]]''': [[Nàng-mìng]] gì '''[[Lè̤ng-ū Huòng-dá̤]] Ciŏ Ṳ̆k-gióng'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; diŏh [[Hók-ciŭ]] dĕng-gĭ.
|event2 = '''[[1683 nièng]]''':  [[Muāng-chĭng]] gì ciŏng-gŭng [[Siĕ Lòng]] páh giâ '''[[Dài-uăng]]''', Dài-uăng guók-uòng [[Dâng Káik-sōng]] dàu-hòng.
|event3 = '''[[1868 nièng]]''': [[Huák-guók]] tiĕng-ùng-hŏk-gă [[Pierre Janssen]] dó̤i [[nĭk-siăh]] [[guŏng-puō]] ngiēng-géu gì sèng-âu huák-hiêng '''[[Hâi|Hâi Nguòng-só]] (He)'''. 
|event4 = '''[[1966 nièng]]''': [[Mò̤ Dĕk-dŭng]] diŏh [[Tiĕng-ăng-muòng]] siàng-làu gà̤-dēng tàu huòi giēng-iók lì [[Báe̤k-gĭng]] „'''[[Dâi-ché̤ṳng-lièng]]'''“ gì [[è̤ng-ôi-bĭng]].
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng</title>
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      <text bytes="5017" xml:space="preserve">{{twinLAT|中國共產黨}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng
| native_name      = 中国共产党
| native_name_lang  = zh-hans
| abbreviation     = 
| founders         =
| logo             = Danghui.svg
| logo_size        = 150px
| colorcode        = {{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}
| general_secretary = [[Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng]]
| standing_committee = 
| founded          = {{start date and age|p=yes|1921|7|23}} 
| founder          = [[Dìng Dŭk-séu]], [[Lī Dâi-chiĕu]]
| predecessor      = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Siâ-huôi-dōng]]
| headquarters     = {{flag|Dṳ̆ng-guók}} [[Báe̤k-gĭng-chê]] [[Să̤-siàng-kṳ̆]] [[Dṳ̆ng-nàng-hāi]]
| newspaper        = ''[[Ìng-mìng Nĭk-bó̤]]''
| youth_wing       = {{ubl|[[Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-ciō-ngiê Chĭng-nièng-tuàng]]|[[Dṳ̆ng-guók Siéu-nièng Siĕng-hŭng-dôi]]}}
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| wing2_title      = 
| wing2            = 
| wing3_title      = 
| wing3            = 
| wing4_title      = 
| wing4            = 
| membership_year  = 2021
| membership       = 95,148,000
| ideology         = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Dĕk-sáik Siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gê̤ṳng-sāng-ciō-ngiê]]&lt;br&gt;[[Marx-Lenin-ciō-ngiê]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mò̤ Dĕk-dŭng sŭ-siōng]]&lt;br&gt;[[Dâing Siēu-bìng lī-lâung]]&lt;br&gt;[[Săng ciáh dâi-biēu]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kŏk-hŏk huák-diēng-guăng]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng sŭ-siōng]]
| international    = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]&lt;br&gt;[[International Communist Seminar|ICS]] (defunct)
| national         = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng liāng-dô̤ gì dŏ̤-dōng hăk-cáuk gâe̤ng céng-dê hiĕk-siŏng cié-dô|Tūng-ék Ciéng-siáng]]
| slogan           = &quot;Ôi ìng-mìng hók-ô&quot;
| anthem           = &quot;[[Guók-cié-gŏ̤]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:Internationale orchestral arrangement.ogg|175px]]&lt;/div&gt;

| seats1_title     = [[Ciòng-guók Ìng-mìng Dâi-biēu Dâi-huôi|Ciòng-guók Ìng-dâi]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|2089|2947|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| seats2_title     = [[Ciòng-guók Ìng-mìng Dâi-biēu Dâi-huôi Siòng-ô Ūi-uòng-huôi|Ciòng-guók Ìng-dâi Siòng-ūi-huôi]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|116|168|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| seats3_title     = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Ìng-mìng Céng-dê Hiĕk-siŏng Huôi-ngiê|Ciòng-guók Céng-hiĕk Siòng-ūi-huôi]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|99|544|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| seats4_title     = Sēng-ngék céng-hū siū-diōng
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|240|264|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| flag             = [[File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg|200px|border]]
| colours          = {{Color box|{{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} è̤ng-sáik
| website          = {{url|cpc.people.com.cn}}
| country          = Dṳ̆ng-guók
}}
'''Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng''' (中國共產黨) gāng-chĭng '''Dṳ̆ng-gê̤ṳng''' (中共), sê [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] mì-ék siŏh ciáh hăk-huák gì cĭk-céng-dōng.

Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng găk 1921 nièng 7 ngŏk 23 hô̤ diŏh [[Siông-hāi]] sìng-lĭk, ô 13 ciáh Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-biĕu gâe̤ng 2 ciáh ngôi-guók-nè̤ng chăng-gă ciā huôi-ngiê. Gáu-muōi-lāu chăng-gă gì nè̤ng dâi-dŏng mò̤ siŏh ciáh â̤ gé ciā huôi sê 7 ngŏk gì diê siŏh nĭk kăi gì, cêu ciŏng 7 ngŏk 1 hô̤ dêng có̤ gióng dōng gī-niêng-nĭk.

1931 nièng, Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng gióng-lĭk [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Sŭ-mì-ăi Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] céng-hū. [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] puái buô-dôi kó̤ páh, có̤i-cṳ̄ng Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng ké̤ṳk ĭ páh suŏ gò̤, 1934 nièng cāu kó̤ [[Iòng-ăng]]. [[Káung-nĭk Ciéng-cĕng]] gì sèng-âu Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng gâe̤ng Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók céng-hū hăk-cáuk, cê-gă gì buô-dôi gāi-miàng hô̤ lā̤ Báik-lô-gŭng. Káung-nĭk Ciéng-cĕng cĭ hâiu mò̤ niŏh òng cêu huák-sĕng nô̤i-ciéng. 1949 nièng, Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng ciŏng Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók céng-hū dṳ̆k kó̤ [[Dài-uăng]], găk [[Báe̤k-gĭng]] lêng lĭk [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] céng-hū.

Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng giĕng-tì [[siâ-huôi ciō-ngiê]] cié-dô, sê gĭng-dáng 9 ciáh siâ-huôi ciō-ngiê guók-gă gì cĭk-céng-dōng cī ék. Gŏng-gé̤ṳ gĭng-dáng Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng gì dōng-ciŏng giĕ-dêng, ĭ gì cī-dô sṳ̆-siōng ô: [[Marx-Lenin ciō-ngiê]], [[Mò̤ Dĕk-dŭng sṳ̆-siōng]], [[Dâing Siēu-bìng lī-lâung]], [[Săng ciáh dâi-biēu]], [[Kuŏ-hŏk huák-diēng-guăng]] gâe̤ng [[Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng sṳ̆-siōng]].

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Dṳ̆ng-guók]]
[[Category:céng-dê]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5031" xml:space="preserve">{{twinLAT|中國共產黨}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng
| native_name      = 中国共产党
| native_name_lang  = zh-hans
| abbreviation     = 
| founders         =
| logo             = Danghui.svg
| logo_size        = 150px
| colorcode        = {{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}
| general_secretary = [[Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng]]
| standing_committee = 
| founded          = {{start date and age|p=yes|1921|7|23}} 
| founder          = [[Dìng Dŭk-séu]], [[Lī Dâi-chiĕu]]
| predecessor      = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Siâ-huôi-dōng]]
| headquarters     = {{flag|Dṳ̆ng-guók}} [[Báe̤k-gĭng|Báe̤k-gĭng-chê]] [[Să̤-siàng-kṳ̆]] [[Dṳ̆ng-nàng-hāi]]
| newspaper        = ''[[Ìng-mìng Nĭk-bó̤]]''
| youth_wing       = {{ubl|[[Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-ciō-ngiê Chĭng-nièng-tuàng]]|[[Dṳ̆ng-guók Siéu-nièng Siĕng-hŭng-dôi]]}}
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| wing2_title      = 
| wing2            = 
| wing3_title      = 
| wing3            = 
| wing4_title      = 
| wing4            = 
| membership_year  = 2021
| membership       = 95,148,000
| ideology         = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Dĕk-sáik Siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gê̤ṳng-sāng-ciō-ngiê]]&lt;br&gt;[[Marx-Lenin-ciō-ngiê]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mò̤ Dĕk-dŭng sŭ-siōng]]&lt;br&gt;[[Dâing Siēu-bìng lī-lâung]]&lt;br&gt;[[Săng ciáh dâi-biēu]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kŏk-hŏk huák-diēng-guăng]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng sŭ-siōng]]
| international    = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]&lt;br&gt;[[International Communist Seminar|ICS]] (defunct)
| national         = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng liāng-dô̤ gì dŏ̤-dōng hăk-cáuk gâe̤ng céng-dê hiĕk-siŏng cié-dô|Tūng-ék Ciéng-siáng]]
| slogan           = &quot;Ôi ìng-mìng hók-ô&quot;
| anthem           = &quot;[[Guók-cié-gŏ̤]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:Internationale orchestral arrangement.ogg|175px]]&lt;/div&gt;

| seats1_title     = [[Ciòng-guók Ìng-mìng Dâi-biēu Dâi-huôi|Ciòng-guók Ìng-dâi]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|2089|2947|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| seats2_title     = [[Ciòng-guók Ìng-mìng Dâi-biēu Dâi-huôi Siòng-ô Ūi-uòng-huôi|Ciòng-guók Ìng-dâi Siòng-ūi-huôi]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|116|168|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| seats3_title     = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Ìng-mìng Céng-dê Hiĕk-siŏng Huôi-ngiê|Ciòng-guók Céng-hiĕk Siòng-ūi-huôi]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|99|544|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| seats4_title     = Sēng-ngék céng-hū siū-diōng
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|240|264|hex={{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}}}

| flag             = [[File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg|200px|border]]
| colours          = {{Color box|{{Chinese Communist Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} è̤ng-sáik
| website          = {{url|cpc.people.com.cn}}
| country          = Dṳ̆ng-guók
}}
'''Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng''' (中國共產黨) gāng-chĭng '''Dṳ̆ng-gê̤ṳng''' (中共), sê [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] mì-ék siŏh ciáh hăk-huák gì cĭk-céng-dōng.

Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng găk 1921 nièng 7 ngŏk 23 hô̤ diŏh [[Siông-hāi]] sìng-lĭk, ô 13 ciáh Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-biĕu gâe̤ng 2 ciáh ngôi-guók-nè̤ng chăng-gă ciā huôi-ngiê. Gáu-muōi-lāu chăng-gă gì nè̤ng dâi-dŏng mò̤ siŏh ciáh â̤ gé ciā huôi sê 7 ngŏk gì diê siŏh nĭk kăi gì, cêu ciŏng 7 ngŏk 1 hô̤ dêng có̤ gióng dōng gī-niêng-nĭk.

1931 nièng, Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng gióng-lĭk [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Sŭ-mì-ăi Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] céng-hū. [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] puái buô-dôi kó̤ páh, có̤i-cṳ̄ng Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng ké̤ṳk ĭ páh suŏ gò̤, 1934 nièng cāu kó̤ [[Iòng-ăng]]. [[Káung-nĭk Ciéng-cĕng]] gì sèng-âu Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng gâe̤ng Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók céng-hū hăk-cáuk, cê-gă gì buô-dôi gāi-miàng hô̤ lā̤ Báik-lô-gŭng. Káung-nĭk Ciéng-cĕng cĭ hâiu mò̤ niŏh òng cêu huák-sĕng nô̤i-ciéng. 1949 nièng, Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng ciŏng Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók céng-hū dṳ̆k kó̤ [[Dài-uăng]], găk [[Báe̤k-gĭng]] lêng lĭk [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] céng-hū.

Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng giĕng-tì [[siâ-huôi ciō-ngiê]] cié-dô, sê gĭng-dáng 9 ciáh siâ-huôi ciō-ngiê guók-gă gì cĭk-céng-dōng cī ék. Gŏng-gé̤ṳ gĭng-dáng Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng gì dōng-ciŏng giĕ-dêng, ĭ gì cī-dô sṳ̆-siōng ô: [[Marx-Lenin ciō-ngiê]], [[Mò̤ Dĕk-dŭng sṳ̆-siōng]], [[Dâing Siēu-bìng lī-lâung]], [[Săng ciáh dâi-biēu]], [[Kuŏ-hŏk huák-diēng-guăng]] gâe̤ng [[Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng sṳ̆-siōng]].

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Dṳ̆ng-guók]]
[[Category:céng-dê]]</text>
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    <title>Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng</title>
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      <text bytes="2244" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name = Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng
| native_name = 民主進步黨
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| colorcode = {{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}
| leader = 
| chairperson = [[Cái Ìng-ùng]]
| secretary_general = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1986|9|28|p=yes}}
| predecessor = [[Dōng-ngôi ông-dông]]
| ideology = 
| headquarters = {{flag|Dài-uăng}} [[Dài-báe̤k]]
| international = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.dpp.org.tw/en/about}}
| country = Dài-uăng
| abbreviation = 
| flag = Green Taiwan White Cross.png
| think_tank = 
| membership_year = 2014
| membership = 335,643
| position = [[Dṳ̆ng-cō̤-puái]]
| national = [[Huáng-liŏh]]
| regional = 
| colors = {{Color box|{{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} liŏh-sáik
| seats1_title = [[Lĭk-huák-iêng|Lĭk-huák ūi-uòng]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|60|113|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = dĭk-hăk-chê diōng
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = dĭk-hăk-chê ngiê-uòng
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|134|380|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = gâing, chê diōng
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|4|16|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = koān, chhī gī-oân
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|99|532|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ diōng
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|40|204|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ mìng-é dâi-biēu
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|151|2148|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title = chŏng, lī diōng
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|285|7744|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng''' (民主進步黨), iâ gāng-chĭng '''Mìng-céng-dōng''' (民進黨), sê [[Dài-uăng]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng. 1986 nièng 9 nguŏk 28 hô̤, diŏh [[Dài-báe̤k]] gì [[Ièng-săng Dâi-buông-dáing]] sìng-lĭk.

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Dài-uăng]]
[[Category:Céng-dê]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2244" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name = Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng
| native_name = 民主進步黨
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| colorcode = {{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}
| leader = 
| chairperson = [[Cái Ĭng-ùng]]
| secretary_general = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1986|9|28|p=yes}}
| predecessor = [[Dōng-ngôi ông-dông]]
| ideology = 
| headquarters = {{flag|Dài-uăng}} [[Dài-báe̤k]]
| international = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.dpp.org.tw/en/about}}
| country = Dài-uăng
| abbreviation = 
| flag = Green Taiwan White Cross.png
| think_tank = 
| membership_year = 2014
| membership = 335,643
| position = [[Dṳ̆ng-cō̤-puái]]
| national = [[Huáng-liŏh]]
| regional = 
| colors = {{Color box|{{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} liŏh-sáik
| seats1_title = [[Lĭk-huák-iêng|Lĭk-huák ūi-uòng]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|60|113|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = dĭk-hăk-chê diōng
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = dĭk-hăk-chê ngiê-uòng
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|134|380|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = gâing, chê diōng
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|4|16|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = koān, chhī gī-oân
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|99|532|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ diōng
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|40|204|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ mìng-é dâi-biēu
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|151|2148|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title = chŏng, lī diōng
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|285|7744|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng''' (民主進步黨), iâ gāng-chĭng '''Mìng-céng-dōng''' (民進黨), sê [[Dài-uăng]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng. 1986 nièng 9 nguŏk 28 hô̤, diŏh [[Dài-báe̤k]] gì [[Ièng-săng Dâi-buông-dáing]] sìng-lĭk.

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Dài-uăng]]
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      <text bytes="2245" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name = Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng
| native_name = 民主進步黨
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| colorcode = {{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}
| leader = 
| chairperson = [[Chái Ĭng-ùng]]
| secretary_general = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1986|9|28|p=yes}}
| predecessor = [[Dōng-ngôi ông-dông]]
| ideology = 
| headquarters = {{flag|Dài-uăng}} [[Dài-báe̤k]]
| international = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.dpp.org.tw/en/about}}
| country = Dài-uăng
| abbreviation = 
| flag = Green Taiwan White Cross.png
| think_tank = 
| membership_year = 2014
| membership = 335,643
| position = [[Dṳ̆ng-cō̤-puái]]
| national = [[Huáng-liŏh]]
| regional = 
| colors = {{Color box|{{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} liŏh-sáik
| seats1_title = [[Lĭk-huák-iêng|Lĭk-huák ūi-uòng]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|60|113|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = dĭk-hăk-chê diōng
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = dĭk-hăk-chê ngiê-uòng
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|134|380|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = gâing, chê diōng
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|4|16|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = koān, chhī gī-oân
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|99|532|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ diōng
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|40|204|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ mìng-é dâi-biēu
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|151|2148|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title = chŏng, lī diōng
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|285|7744|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng''' (民主進步黨), iâ gāng-chĭng '''Mìng-céng-dōng''' (民進黨), sê [[Dài-uăng]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng. 1986 nièng 9 nguŏk 28 hô̤, diŏh [[Dài-báe̤k]] gì [[Ièng-săng Dâi-buông-dáing]] sìng-lĭk.

{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Céng-dê]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="2248" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name = Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng
| native_name = 民主進步黨
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| colorcode = {{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}
| leader = 
| chairperson = [[Chái Ĭng-ùng]]
| secretary_general = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1986|9|28|p=yes}}
| predecessor = [[Dōng-ngôi ông-dông]]
| ideology = 
| headquarters = {{flag|Dài-uăng}} [[Dài-báe̤k]]
| international = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.dpp.org.tw/en/about}}
| country = Dài-uăng
| abbreviation = 
| flag = Green Taiwan White Cross.png
| think_tank = 
| membership_year = 2014
| membership = 335,643
| position = [[Dṳ̆ng-cō̤-puái]]
| national = [[Huáng-liŏh]]
| regional = 
| colors = {{Color box|{{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} liŏh-sáik
| seats1_title = [[Lĭk-huák-iêng|Lĭk-huák ūi-uòng]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|60|113|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = dĭk-hăk-chê diōng
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = dĭk-hăk-chê ngiê-uòng
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|134|380|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = gâing, chê diōng
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|4|16|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = gâing, chê ngiê-uòng
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|99|532|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ diōng
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|40|204|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ mìng-é dâi-biēu
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|151|2148|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title = chŏng, lī diōng
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|285|7744|hex={{Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color}}}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng''' (民主進步黨), iâ gāng-chĭng '''Mìng-céng-dōng''' (民進黨), sê [[Dài-uăng]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng. 1986 nièng 9 nguŏk 28 hô̤, diŏh [[Dài-báe̤k]] gì [[Ièng-săng Dâi-buông-dáing]] sìng-lĭk.

{{Authority control}}
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  <page>
    <title>Diòng-siàng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="515" xml:space="preserve">{{Dablink|Cŭ-uái gái-siêu gì ng-sê „'''[[GFW]]'''“.}}
[[File:The Great wall - by Hao Wei.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Diòng-siàng]]
'''Diòng-siàng'''(長城) iâ hô̤ lā̤ '''Uâng-lī Diòng-siàng'''(萬里長城), sê gô-dā̤ [[Dṳ̆ng-guók]] kī gì siŏh gì iā dòng gì [[gŭng-sê̤ṳ]] huòng-ngṳ̄ [[chiòng]]. Ciā chiòng să̤ kī [[Gă-ṳ̆k-guăng]], dĕ̤ng gáu [[Ák-liŏh-gĕ̤ng]].
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[[Category:Chiòng]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2548" xml:space="preserve">{{twinLAT|中國國民黨}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng
| native_name      =  中國國民黨
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| colorcode        = {{Kuomintang/meta/color}}
| logo             = Emblem of the Kuomintang.svg
| logo_size        = 
| abbreviation     = 
| leader           = 
| chairperson      = [[Ciō Lĭk-lùng]] 
| secretary_general = 
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1919|10|10|p=yes}}
| founder          = [[Sŏng Dṳ̆ng-săng]]
| predecessor      = [[Hĭng-dṳ̆ng-huôi]]
| headquarters     = {{flag|Dài-uăng}} [[Dài-báe̤k]]
| newspaper        = 
| think_tank        
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| wing2_title      = 
| wing2            = 
| wing3_title      = 
| wing3            =  
| youth_wing       = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng Chĭng-nièng-tuàng]] 
| membership_year  = 2020
| membership       = 345,971
| ideology         = 
| position         = [[Dṳ̆ng-êu-puái]]
| national         = [[Huáng-làng]]
| regional         = 
| international    = 
| colours          = {{color box|{{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}} làng-sáik
| seats1_title = [[Lĭk-huák-iêng|Lĭk-huák ūi-uòng]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|39|113|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = dĭk-hăk-chê diōng
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|2|6|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = dĭk-hăk-chê ngiê-uòng
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|175|380|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = gâing, chê diōng
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|12|16|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = gâing, chê ngiê-uòng
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|219|532|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ diōng
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|83|204|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ mìng-é dâi-biēu
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|390|2148|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title = chŏng, lī diōng
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|1220|7744|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| flag             = [[File:Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg|200px|border]]
| website          = {{url|www.kmt.org.tw}}
| country          = Dài-uăng
| country2         = 
| footnotes        =
}}
'''Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng''' (中國國民黨) sê [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng, 1919 nièng, iù [[Sŏng Dṳ̆ng-săng]] gióng-lĭk.

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      <text bytes="2548" xml:space="preserve">{{twinLAT|中國國民黨}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng
| native_name      =  中國國民黨
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| colorcode        = {{Kuomintang/meta/color}}
| logo             = Emblem of the Kuomintang.svg
| logo_size        = 
| abbreviation     = 
| leader           = 
| chairperson      = [[Ciŏ Lĭk-lùng]] 
| secretary_general = 
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1919|10|10|p=yes}}
| founder          = [[Sŏng Dṳ̆ng-săng]]
| predecessor      = [[Hĭng-dṳ̆ng-huôi]]
| headquarters     = {{flag|Dài-uăng}} [[Dài-báe̤k]]
| newspaper        = 
| think_tank        
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| wing2_title      = 
| wing2            = 
| wing3_title      = 
| wing3            =  
| youth_wing       = [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng Chĭng-nièng-tuàng]] 
| membership_year  = 2020
| membership       = 345,971
| ideology         = 
| position         = [[Dṳ̆ng-êu-puái]]
| national         = [[Huáng-làng]]
| regional         = 
| international    = 
| colours          = {{color box|{{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}} làng-sáik
| seats1_title = [[Lĭk-huák-iêng|Lĭk-huák ūi-uòng]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|39|113|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = dĭk-hăk-chê diōng
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|2|6|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = dĭk-hăk-chê ngiê-uòng
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|175|380|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = gâing, chê diōng
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|12|16|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = gâing, chê ngiê-uòng
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|219|532|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ diōng
| seats6 = {{Composition bar|83|204|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = hiŏng, déng, chêng, kṳ̆ mìng-é dâi-biēu
| seats7 = {{Composition bar|390|2148|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title = chŏng, lī diōng
| seats8 = {{Composition bar|1220|7744|hex={{Kuomintang/meta/color}}}}
| flag             = [[File:Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg|200px|border]]
| website          = {{url|www.kmt.org.tw}}
| country          = Dài-uăng
| country2         = 
| footnotes        =
}}
'''Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng''' (中國國民黨) sê [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng, 1919 nièng, iù [[Sŏng Dṳ̆ng-săng]] gióng-lĭk.

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  <page>
    <title>Mìng-ciō-dōng (Mī-guók)</title>
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      <text bytes="3083" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name             = Mìng-ciō-dōng
| native_name     = Democratic Party
| native_name_lang = en
| logo             = [[File:US Democratic Party Logo.svg|120px]]
| symbol           = [[File:Democratic Disc.svg|100px]]
| colorcode        = {{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}
| chairperson      = [[Jaime Harrison]] ([[South Carolina|SC]])
| governing_body   = [[Democratic National Committee]]

| founder         = [[Andrew Jackson]]&lt;br&gt;[[Martin Van Buren]]
| founded          = {{start date and age|1828|1|8||p=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;Donald B. Cole (1970). ''Jacksonian Democracy in New Hampshire''. Harvard University Press. p. 69.&lt;/ref&gt;
| predecessor      = [[Democratic-Republican Party]]
| headquarters     = {{flag|Mī-guók}} [[Washington, D.C.]] 
| student_wing     = 
| youth_wing       = 
| womens_wing      = 
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| membership_year  = 2021
| position         = &lt;!--Longstanding consensus is not to include a political position here. Do not change without talk page consensus.--&gt;
| membership       = {{increase}} 48,517,845&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Winger |first=Richard |title=March 2021 Ballot Access News Print Edition |url=http://ballot-access.org/2021/03/28/march-2021-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Ballot Access News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ideology         = 
| international    = 
| colors           = {{color box|{{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} làng-sáik
| seats1_title     = Chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats1           = {{composition bar|48|100|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title     = Cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats2           = {{composition bar|221|435|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title     = Ciŭ-diōng
| seats3           = {{composition bar|23|50|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title     = Ciŭ chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats4           = {{composition bar|861|1972|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title     = Ciŭ cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats5           = {{composition bar|2438|5411|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title     = Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū cūng-dók
| seats6           = {{composition bar|3|5|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title     = Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats7           = {{composition bar|31|97|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title     = Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats8           = {{composition bar|8|91|hex={{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| website          = {{url|www.democrats.org}}
| country          = Mī-guók
}}
'''Mìng-ciō-dōng''' (民主黨, {{lang-en|Democratic Party}}) sê [[Mī-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng, iâ sê Mī-guók có̤i duâi gì 2 ciáh céng-dōng cĭ ék (gó ô siŏh ciáh sê [[Gê̤ṳng-huò-dōng (Mī-guók)|Gê̤ṳng-huò-dōng]]). 1792 nièng, iù [[Andrew Jackson]] sìng-lĭk.

==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}

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    <title>Gê̤ṳng-huò-dōng (Mī-guók)</title>
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      <text bytes="3650" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name             = Gê̤ṳng-huò-dōng
| native_name      = Republican Party
| native_name_lang = en
| abbreviation     = GOP (Grand Old Party)
| logo             = [[File:GOP logo.svg|180px]]
| symbol           = [[File:Republican Disc.svg|100px]]
| colorcode        = {{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}
| chairperson      = [[Ronna McDaniel]] ([[Michigan|MI]])
| governing_body   = {{nowrap|[[Republican National Committee]]}}

| founder         = [[Alvan E. Bovay]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tp&amp;CISOPTR=46379&amp;CISOSHOW=46363 ''The Origin of the Republican Party''] by Prof. A. F. Gilman, Ripon College, WI, 1914.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Horace Greeley]]&lt;br&gt;[[Edwin D. Morgan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Henry Jarvis Raymond]]&lt;br&gt;[[Amos Tuck]]
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1854|3|20|p=yes}}
| predecessor      = [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] (majority)&lt;br&gt;[[Free Soil Party]]&lt;br&gt;[[Liberty Party (United States, 1840)|Liberty Party]]&lt;br&gt;[[Anti-Nebraska movement|Anti-Nebraska Party]]&lt;br&gt;[[1856 United States presidential election#North American Party nomination|North American Party]]
| headquarters     = {{flag|Mī-guók}} [[Washington, D.C.]]
| student_wing     = 
| youth_wing       = 
| womens_wing      = 
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| membership_year  = 2021
| position         =  
| membership       = {{increase}} 36,132,743&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Winger |first=Richard |title=March 2021 Ballot Access News Print Edition |url=http://ballot-access.org/2021/03/28/march-2021-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Ballot Access News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ideology         = 
| international    = {{nowrap|[[Guók-cié Mìng-ciō Lièng-mèng]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://idu.org/member-parties/|title=Members|publisher=IDU|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716031006/http://idu.org/member-parties/|archive-date=July 16, 2015|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| colors           = {{color box|{{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} è̤ng-sáik
| seats1_title     = Chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats1           = {{composition bar|50|100|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title     = Cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats2           = {{composition bar|213|435|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title     = Ciŭ-diōng
| seats3           = {{composition bar|27|50|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title     = Ciŭ chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats4           = {{composition bar|1091|1972|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title     = Ciŭ cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats5           = {{composition bar|2912|5411|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title     = Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū cūng-dók
| seats6           = {{composition bar|1|5|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title     =  Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats7           = {{composition bar|12|97|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title     =  Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats8           = {{composition bar|9|91|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| website          = {{url|www.gop.com}}
| country          = Bí-kok
}}
'''Gê̤ṳng-huò-dōng''' (共和黨, {{lang-en|Republican Party}}) sê [[Mī-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng, iâ sê Mī-guók có̤i duâi gì 2 ciáh céng-dōng cĭ ék (gó ô siŏh ciáh sê [[Mìng-ciō-dōng (Mī-guók)|Mìng-ciō-dōng]]). 1854 nièng sìng-lĭk.

==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Mī-guók]]
[[Category:Céng-dê]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89474</id>
      <parentid>89473</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:53:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3652" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name             = Gê̤ṳng-huò-dōng
| native_name      = Republican Party
| native_name_lang = en
| abbreviation     = GOP (Grand Old Party)
| logo             = [[File:GOP logo.svg|180px]]
| symbol           = [[File:Republican Disc.svg|100px]]
| colorcode        = {{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}
| chairperson      = [[Ronna McDaniel]] ([[Michigan|MI]])
| governing_body   = {{nowrap|[[Republican National Committee]]}}

| founder         = [[Alvan E. Bovay]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tp&amp;CISOPTR=46379&amp;CISOSHOW=46363 ''The Origin of the Republican Party''] by Prof. A. F. Gilman, Ripon College, WI, 1914.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Horace Greeley]]&lt;br&gt;[[Edwin D. Morgan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Henry Jarvis Raymond]]&lt;br&gt;[[Amos Tuck]]
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1854|3|20|p=yes}}
| predecessor      = [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] (majority)&lt;br&gt;[[Free Soil Party]]&lt;br&gt;[[Liberty Party (United States, 1840)|Liberty Party]]&lt;br&gt;[[Anti-Nebraska movement|Anti-Nebraska Party]]&lt;br&gt;[[1856 United States presidential election#North American Party nomination|North American Party]]
| headquarters     = {{flag|Mī-guók}} [[Washington, D.C.]]
| student_wing     = 
| youth_wing       = 
| womens_wing      = 
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| membership_year  = 2021
| position         =  
| membership       = {{increase}} 36,132,743&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Winger |first=Richard |title=March 2021 Ballot Access News Print Edition |url=http://ballot-access.org/2021/03/28/march-2021-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |access-date=April 1, 2021 |website=Ballot Access News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ideology         = 
| international    = {{nowrap|[[Guók-cié Mìng-ciō Lièng-mèng]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://idu.org/member-parties/|title=Members|publisher=IDU|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716031006/http://idu.org/member-parties/|archive-date=July 16, 2015|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| colors           = {{color box|{{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} è̤ng-sáik
| seats1_title     = Chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats1           = {{composition bar|50|100|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title     = Cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats2           = {{composition bar|213|435|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title     = Ciŭ-diōng
| seats3           = {{composition bar|27|50|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title     = Ciŭ chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats4           = {{composition bar|1091|1972|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title     = Ciŭ cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats5           = {{composition bar|2912|5411|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title     = Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū cūng-dók
| seats6           = {{composition bar|1|5|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title     =  Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū chăng-ngiê-iêng
| seats7           = {{composition bar|12|97|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title     =  Hāi-ngôi liāng-tū cé̤ṳng-ngiê-iêng
| seats8           = {{composition bar|9|91|hex={{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| website          = {{url|www.gop.com}}
| country          = Mī-guók
}}
'''Gê̤ṳng-huò-dōng''' (共和黨, {{lang-en|Republican Party}}) sê [[Mī-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh céng-dōng, iâ sê Mī-guók có̤i duâi gì 2 ciáh céng-dōng cĭ ék (gó ô siŏh ciáh sê [[Mìng-ciō-dōng (Mī-guók)|Mìng-ciō-dōng]]). 1854 nièng sìng-lĭk.

==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Mī-guók]]
[[Category:Céng-dê]]</text>
      <sha1>7480t9ys00s0crn6kty1plr44ed4jn0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 6 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89488</id>
      <parentid>46494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T08:27:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="553" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|6
|fest = [[Guók-cié diêng-īng cáik]]
|image = Tim Berners-Lee closeup.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1945 nièng]]''': [[Mī-guók]] hĭ-gĭ ''[[Enola Gay]]'' găk Nĭk-buōng [[Hiroshima]] gĕ̤h giâ siŏh lăk '''[[nguòng-cṳ̄-dâng]]''', 14 uâng nè̤ng sĕng--kó̤.
|event2 = nièng: [[Ĭng-guók]] diêng-nō̤ kuŏ-hŏk-gă '''[[Tim Berners-Lee]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; tì-chók [[chiĕu-ùng-buōng]] (hypertext) gì gái-niêng, cuòi cêu-sê [[World Wide Web]] gì kăi-sṳ̄.
|event3 = 
|event4 =
}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>89489</id>
      <parentid>89488</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T08:28:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="568" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|6
|fest = [[Guók-cié diêng-īng cáik]]
|image = Tim Berners-Lee closeup.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1945 nièng]]''': [[Mī-guók]] hĭ-gĭ ''[[Enola Gay]]'' găk Nĭk-buōng [[Hiroshima]] gĕ̤h giâ siŏh lăk '''[[nguòng-cṳ̄-dâng]]''', 14 uâng nè̤ng sĕng--kó̤.
|event2 = '''[[1991 nièng]]''': [[Ĭng-guók]] diêng-nō̤ kuŏ-hŏk-gă '''[[Tim Berners-Lee]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; tì-chók [[chiĕu-ùng-buōng]] (hypertext) gì gái-niêng, cuòi cêu-sê [[World Wide Web]] gì kăi-sṳ̄.
|event3 = 
|event4 =
}}</text>
      <sha1>0w6ki8t6cr8rm2as8fuydleaaz61zg3</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 7 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89490</id>
      <parentid>46495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T08:46:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="661" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|7
|fest = '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Tunku abd rahman.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1461 nièng]]''': [[Mìng-dièu]] gì huâng-guăng '''[[Cò̤ Gék-siòng]]''' cô̤-huāng, ké̤ṳk [[Mìng Ĭng-cŭng]] déng-ák.
|event2 = '''[[1941 nièng]]''': [[Sŭ-lièng]] hĭ-gĭ tàu-huòi cá [[Dáik-guók]] gì [[Báik-lìng]].
|event3 = '''[[1960 nièng]]''': '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''' téng Huák-guák dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1965 nièng]]''': [[Mā-lài-să̤-ā]] siū-sióng '''[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; iĕu-giù [[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]] tó̤i-chók Mā-lài-să̤-ā Lièng-băng.
}}</text>
      <sha1>dqlwi3sgqlwqmbfvkdluc9zc7lg62ez</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89491</id>
      <parentid>89490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T08:48:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="708" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|7
|fest = '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Tunku abd rahman.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1461 nièng]]''': [[Mìng-dièu]] gì huâng-guăng '''[[Cò̤ Gék-siòng]]''' cô̤-huāng, ké̤ṳk [[Mìng Ĭng-cŭng]] déng-ák.
|event2 = '''[[1941 nièng]]''': [[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng]], [[Sŭ-lièng]] hĭ-gĭ tàu-huòi cá [[Dáik-guók]] gì [[Báik-lìng]].
|event3 = '''[[1960 nièng]]''': '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''' téng Huák-guák dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1965 nièng]]''': [[Mā-lài-să̤-ā]] siū-sióng '''[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; iĕu-giù [[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]] tó̤i-chók Mā-lài-să̤-ā Lièng-băng.
}}</text>
      <sha1>hf39deyl4vcoso9f4la2viyftcjtxl1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89492</id>
      <parentid>89491</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T08:48:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="712" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|7
|fest = '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Tunku abd rahman.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1461 nièng]]''': [[Mìng-dièu]] gì huâng-guăng '''[[Cò̤ Gék-siòng]]''' cô̤-huāng, ké̤ṳk [[Mìng Ĭng-cŭng]] déng-ák.
|event2 = '''[[1941 nièng]]''': [[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng]], [[Sŭ-lièng]] hĭ-gĭ tàu-huòi cá [[Dáik-guók]] gì [[Báik-lìng]].
|event3 = '''[[1960 nièng]]''': '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''' téng [[Huák-guák]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1965 nièng]]''': [[Mā-lài-să̤-ā]] siū-sióng '''[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; iĕu-giù [[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]] tó̤i-chók Mā-lài-să̤-ā Lièng-băng.
}}</text>
      <sha1>tot9aid4oyy4liyccv8ckgt52y9ymic</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>89499</id>
      <parentid>89492</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:27:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <text bytes="712" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|7
|fest = '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Tunku abd rahman.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1461 nièng]]''': [[Mìng-dièu]] gì huâng-guăng '''[[Cò̤ Gék-siòng]]''' cô̤-huāng, ké̤ṳk [[Mìng Ĭng-cŭng]] déng-ák.
|event2 = '''[[1941 nièng]]''': [[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng]], [[Sŭ-lièng]] hĭ-gĭ tàu-huòi cá [[Dáik-guók]] gì [[Báik-lìng]].
|event3 = '''[[1960 nièng]]''': '''[[Côte d'Ivoire]]''' téng [[Huák-guók]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1965 nièng]]''': [[Mā-lài-să̤-ā]] siū-sióng '''[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; iĕu-giù [[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]] tó̤i-chók Mā-lài-să̤-ā Lièng-băng.
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 8 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8422</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89493</id>
      <parentid>46496</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:00:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <text bytes="895" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|8
|fest = '''[[Dài-uăng]]''': hô-chĭng-cáik
|image = Typhoon Morak Effects Keelung Taiwan.ogv
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1786 nièng]]''': [[Michel-Gabriel Paccard]] gâe̤ng [[Jacques Balmat]] bà siông [[Alpes Săng]] gì '''[[Blanc Hŭng]]''', cuòi sê [[bà-săng ông-dông]] gì kăi-sṳ̄.
|event2 = '''[[1942 nièng]]''': [[Mahatma Gandhi]] huák-biēu iēng-siók, iĕu-giù Ĭng-guók tó̤i-chók [[Éng-dô]], cuòi sê '''[[Éng-dô dŭk-lĭk ông-dông]]''' gì kăi-sṳ̄.
|event3 = '''[[1973 nièng]]''': [[Hàng-guók]] céng-dê-gă '''[[Kim Dae-Jung]]''' găk [[Nĭk-buōng]] [[Dĕ̤ng-gĭng]] ké̤ṳk nè̤ng bōng-gá.
|event4 = '''[[2009 nièng]]''': '''[[Hŭng-tăi Morakot (2009 nièng)|Hŭng-tăi Morakot]]''' dĕng-lṳ̆k Dài-uăng&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt;, ī-hâiu gūi-gĕ̤ng duâi huák-kă̤-cūi, sĕng--kó̤ 681 nè̤ng.
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 9 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89498</id>
      <parentid>46497</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:25:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <text bytes="661" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|9
|fest = '''[[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]]''': guók-kéng
|image = The Leaning Tower of Pisa SB.jpeg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1173 nièng]]''': '''[[Pisa Sià-ták]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; kăi-sṳ̄ kī.
|event2 = '''[[1945 nièng]]''': [[Mī-guók]] hĭ-gĭ găk [[Nĭk-buōng]] [[Nagasaki]] gĕ̤h giâ siŏh lăk '''[[nguòng-cṳ̄-dâng]]''', 7 uâng nè̤ng sĕng--kó̤.
|event3 = '''[[1965 nièng]]''': '''[[Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤]]''' tó̤i-chók [[Mā-lài-să̤-ā|Mā-lài-să̤-ā Lièng-băng]].
|event4 = '''[[1974 nièng]]''': Mī-guók cūng-tūng '''[[Richard Nixon]]''' ĭng-ôi [[Watergate Sê̤ṳ-giông]] sṳ̀-cék.
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 10 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8424</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89500</id>
      <parentid>46498</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:44:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <text bytes="649" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|10
|fest = '''[[Ecuador]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Palais du Louvre at night, 18 September 2010.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1792 nièng]]''': Ciĕ-tì [[Huák-guók Gáik-mêng]] gì buô-dôi páh diē [[Tuileries Gṳ̆ng]], tŭi-huăng [[Bourbon Uòng-dièu]] găk Huák-guók gì tūng-dê.
|event2 = '''[[1793 nièng]]''': [[Huák-guók]] céng-hū ciŏng [[Louvre Gṳ̆ng]]&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; gāi siàng siŏh ciáh [[báuk-ŭk-guāng]].
|event3 = '''[[1809 nièng]]''': '''[[Ecuador]]''' téng [[Să̤-băng-ngà]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1821 nièng]]''': '''[[Missouri]]''' gă diē [[Mī-guók]].
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 11 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89501</id>
      <parentid>46499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:55:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="678" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|11
|fest = '''[[Chad]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Leónidas en las Termópilas, por Jacques-Louis David.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[Sèng 480 nièng]]''': '''[[Thermopylae Ciéng-ĭk]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt;, [[Sparta]] guók-uòng [[Leonidas 1-sié]] gâe̤ng ĭ gì ciáh buô-hâ găk Thermopylae ké̤ṳk [[Pŏ̤-sṳ̆]] buô-dôi ciòng-buô tài-sī.
|event2 = '''[[1940 nièng]]''': [[Nazi Dáik-guók]] gì hĭ-gĭ kăi-sṳ̄ cá [[Ĭng-guók]].
|event3 = '''[[1960 nièng]]''': '''[[Chad]]''' téng [[Huák-guók]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1988 nièng]]''': [[Osama bin Laden]] gióng-lĭk kūng-buó cū-cék '''[[Al-Qaeda]]'''.
}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89502</id>
      <parentid>89501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="682" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|11
|fest = '''[[Chad]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Leónidas en las Termópilas, por Jacques-Louis David.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[Sèng 480 nièng]]''': '''[[Thermopylae Ciéng-ĭk]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt;, [[Sparta]] guók-uòng [[Leonidas 1-sié]] gâe̤ng ĭ gì 300 ciáh buô-hâ găk Thermopylae ké̤ṳk [[Pŏ̤-sṳ̆]] buô-dôi ciòng-buô tài-sī.
|event2 = '''[[1940 nièng]]''': [[Nazi Dáik-guók]] gì hĭ-gĭ kăi-sṳ̄ cá [[Ĭng-guók]].
|event3 = '''[[1960 nièng]]''': '''[[Chad]]''' téng [[Huák-guók]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1988 nièng]]''': [[Osama bin Laden]] gióng-lĭk kūng-buó cū-cék '''[[Al-Qaeda]]'''.
}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89503</id>
      <parentid>89502</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:59:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="735" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|11
|fest = '''[[Chad]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Leónidas en las Termópilas, por Jacques-Louis David.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[Sèng 480 nièng]]''': '''[[Thermopylae Ciéng-ĭk]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt;, [[Sparta]] guók-uòng [[Leonidas 1-sié]] gâe̤ng ĭ gì 300 ciáh buô-hâ găk Thermopylae ké̤ṳk [[Pŏ̤-sṳ̆]] buô-dôi ciòng-buô tài-sī.
|event2 = '''[[1940 nièng]]''': '''[[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng]]''', [[Nazi Dáik-guók]] gì hĭ-gĭ kăi-sṳ̄ cá [[Ĭng-guók]].
|event3 = '''[[1960 nièng]]''': '''[[Chad]]''' téng [[Huák-guók]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1988 nièng]]''': [[Osama bin Laden]] gióng-lĭk kūng-buó cū-cék '''[[Al-Qaeda]]'''.
}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 12 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8426</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89504</id>
      <parentid>42858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T10:13:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="606" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|12
|fest = 
|image = Quagga photo.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[Sèng 30 nièng]]''': [[Ăi-gĭk]] [[pharaoh]] '''[[Kleopatra 7-sié]]''' cê̤ṳ-sák.
|event2 = '''[[1877 nièng]]''': [[Mī-guók]] tiĕng-ùng-hŏk-gă [[Asaph Hall]] huák-hiêng Huōi-sĭng gì ôi-sĭng '''[[Deimos (ôi-sĭng)|Deimos]]'''.
|event3 = '''[[1883 nièng]]''': Sié-gái có̤i-hâiu siŏh tàu [[quagga]]&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; găk [[Hò̤-làng]] [[Amsterdam]] gì dông-ŭk-huòng sĕng--kó̤.
|event4 = '''[[1981 nièng]]''': [[IBM]] huák-buó gáuk-ìng diêng-nō̤ '''[[IBM PC]]'''.
}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89505</id>
      <parentid>89504</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T10:14:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="612" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|12
|fest = 
|image = Quagga photo.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[Sèng 30 nièng]]''': [[Ăi-gĭk]] [[pharaoh]] '''[[Kleopatra 7-sié]]''' cê̤ṳ-sák.
|event2 = '''[[1877 nièng]]''': [[Mī-guók]] tiĕng-ùng-hŏk-gă [[Asaph Hall]] huák-hiêng Huōi-sĭng gì ôi-sĭng '''[[Deimos (ôi-sĭng)|Deimos]]'''.
|event3 = '''[[1883 nièng]]''': Sié-gái có̤i-hâiu siŏh tàu '''[[quagga]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; găk [[Hò̤-làng]] [[Amsterdam]] gì dông-ŭk-huòng sĕng--kó̤.
|event4 = '''[[1981 nièng]]''': [[IBM]] huák-buó gáuk-ìng diêng-nō̤ '''[[IBM PC]]'''.
}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 13 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8427</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89506</id>
      <parentid>46500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T10:27:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="725" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|13
|fest = '''[[Dṳ̆ng-hĭ Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]]''': guók-kéng
|image = Berlinermauer.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1521 nièng]]''': [[Să̤-băng-ngà]] nè̤ng páh giâ [[Aztec Dá̤-guók]] gì siū-dŭ '''[[Tenochtitlan]]''', niăh diŏh ĭ gì huòng-dá̤ [[Cuauhtémoc]].
|event2 = '''[[1905 nièng]]''': [[Nò̤-ŭi Sôi-diēng Lièng-mèng]] gāi-sáng, '''[[Nò̤-ŭi]]''' téng [[Sôi-diēng]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event3 = '''[[1913 nièng]]''': [[Ĭng-guók]] nè̤ng [[Harry Brearley]] huák-mìng '''[[bók-séu-gáung]]'''.
|event4 = '''[[1961 nièng]]''': [[Dĕ̤ng-dáik]] kăi-sṳ̄ ùi lā̤ [[Să̤ Báik-lìng]] kī '''[[Báik-lìng Ùi-chiòng]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt;.
}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 14 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8428</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89507</id>
      <parentid>46501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T10:39:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="587" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|14
|fest = '''[[Pakistan]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = EightNationsCrime02.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1784 nièng]]''': [[Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆]] găk [[Alaska]] gì '''[[Kodiak Dō̤]]''' gióng-lĭk [[sĭk-mìng-dê]].
|event2 = '''[[1900 nièng]]''': '''[[Báik-guók Lièng-gŭng]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; páh diē [[Chĭng-dièu]] gì siū-dŭ [[Báe̤k-gĭng]].
|event3 = '''[[1947 nièng]]''': '''[[Pakistan]]''' téng [[Ĭng-guók]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1953 nièng]]''': [[Sŭ-lièng]] sìng-gŭng ngiĕng-géu chók '''[[kĭng-dâng]]'''.
}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89508</id>
      <parentid>89507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T10:45:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="616" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|14
|fest = '''[[Pakistan]]''': dŭk-lĭk-nĭk
|image = Foreign armies in Beijing during Boxer Rebellion.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1784 nièng]]''': [[Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆]] găk [[Alaska]] gì '''[[Kodiak Dō̤]]''' gióng-lĭk [[sĭk-mìng-dê]].
|event2 = '''[[1900 nièng]]''': '''[[Báik-guók Lièng-gŭng]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; páh diē [[Chĭng-dièu]] gì siū-dŭ [[Báe̤k-gĭng]].
|event3 = '''[[1947 nièng]]''': '''[[Pakistan]]''' téng [[Ĭng-guók]] dŭk-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[1953 nièng]]''': [[Sŭ-lièng]] sìng-gŭng ngiĕng-géu chók '''[[kĭng-dâng]]'''.
}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/08 nguŏk 15 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8429</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89509</id>
      <parentid>46502</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T10:54:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="732" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|15
|fest = [[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng séng-lé gé-niêng-nĭk]]
|image = SS Kentuckian, Panama Canal.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1914 nièng]]''': '''[[Panama Ông-ò̤]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; ciáng-sék kŭi-tŭng.
|event2 = '''[[1945 nièng]]''': [[Nĭk-buōng]] [[Ciĕu-huò Tiĕng-huòng]] ciáng-sék '''sŏng-buó dàu-hòng''', [[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng]] giék-sók.
|event3 = '''[[1948 nièng]]''': '''[[Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók]]''' găk [[Dièu-siēng Buáng-dō̤]] nàng-buô gióng-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[2021 nièng]]''': [[Taliban]] ciéng-liāng [[Afghanistan]] siū-dŭ [[Kabul]], gióng-lĭk '''Afghanistan Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng Dâi-gŭng-guók'''.
}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>89510</id>
      <parentid>89509</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T10:56:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="745" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|8|15
|fest = [[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng séng-lé gé-niêng-nĭk]]
|image = SS Kentuckian, Panama Canal.jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1914 nièng]]''': '''[[Panama Ông-ò̤]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; ciáng-sék kŭi-tŭng.
|event2 = '''[[1945 nièng]]''': [[Nĭk-buōng]] [[Ciĕu-huò Tiĕng-huòng]] ciáng-sék '''sŏng-buó dàu-hòng''', [[Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng]] giék-sók.
|event3 = '''[[1948 nièng]]''': '''[[Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók]]''' găk [[Dièu-siēng|Dièu-siēng Buáng-dō̤]] nàng-buô gióng-lĭk.
|event4 = '''[[2021 nièng]]''': [[Taliban]] ciéng-liāng [[Afghanistan]] siū-dŭ [[Kabul]], gióng-lĭk '''Afghanistan Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng Dâi-gŭng-guók'''.
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng/05 nguŏk 18 hô̤</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>8514</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89495</id>
      <parentid>42976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:14:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="685" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|5|18
|fest = 
|image = FZM1 115 entering Dongjiekou Station (20170126171032).jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1804 nièng]]''': [[Napoleon 1-sié]] dĕng-gĭ có̤ huòng-dá̤, gióng-lĭk [[Huák-làng-să̤ Dâ̤-ék Dá̤-guók]].
|event2 = '''[[1974 nièng]]''': Éng-dô sìng-gŭng ngiĕng-géu chók nguòng-cṳ̄-dâng.
|event3 = '''[[1980 nièng]]''': [[Mī-guók]] [[Washington|Washington Ciŭ]] gì [[St. Helens Huōi-săng]] báuk-huák, sĕng--kó̤ 57 nè̤ng, sōng-sék 11 é Mī-gĭng.
|event4 = '''[[2016 nièng]]''': [[Hók-ciŭ dê-tiék 1 hô̤ siáng]]&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; kŭi-tŭng, cuòi sê [[Hók-ciŭ]] tàu dèu [[dê-tiék]].
}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>89496</id>
      <parentid>89495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T09:15:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="715" xml:space="preserve">{{Dŏng-nièng gĭng-dáng|5|18
|fest = 
|image = FZM1 115 entering Dongjiekou Station (20170126171032).jpg
|caption = 
|event1 = '''[[1804 nièng]]''': '''[[Napoléon Bonaparte]]''' dĕng-gĭ có̤ huòng-dá̤, gióng-lĭk [[Huák-làng-să̤ Dâ̤-ék Dá̤-guók]].
|event2 = '''[[1974 nièng]]''': [[Éng-dô]] sìng-gŭng ngiĕng-géu chók [[nguòng-cṳ̄-dâng]].
|event3 = '''[[1980 nièng]]''': [[Mī-guók]] [[Washington|Washington Ciŭ]] gì '''[[St. Helens Huōi-săng]] báuk-huák''', sĕng--kó̤ 57 nè̤ng, sōng-sék 11 é Mī-gĭng.
|event4 = '''[[2016 nièng]]''': '''[[Hók-ciŭ dê-tiék 1 hô̤ siáng]]'''&lt;small&gt;(dù)&lt;/small&gt; kŭi-tŭng, cuòi sê [[Hók-ciŭ]] tàu dèu [[dê-tiék]].
}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>慈善·世界和平</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89482</id>
      <parentid>85548</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T05:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="350" xml:space="preserve">{{twinHAN|Metta World Peace}}
'''慈善·世界和平'''（[[英語]]：Metta World Peace，{{生卒|1979年|11月13號}}），是[[美國職業籃球聯賽]]其運動員。2014年加盟[[中國男子籃球職業聯賽]][[四川金強俱樂部]]，起了蜀隻中文其名字「'''熊貓之友'''」（The Pandas Friend）。

[[分類:美國人物]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Metta World Peace</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89478</id>
      <parentid>85549</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T05:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="627" xml:space="preserve">{{twinLAT|慈善·世界和平}}
'''Metta World Peace''' (Ĭng-ngṳ̄ é-sé̤ṳ &quot;''Cṳ̀-siêng Sié-gái Huò-bìng''&quot;, {{bd|1979 nièng|11 nguŏk 13 hô̤}}) sê [[Mī-guók Cék-ngiĕk Làng-gìu Lièng-suói]] (美國職業籃球聯賽) gì ông-dông-uòng. 2014 nièng gă-mèng (加盟) [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Nàng-cṳ̄ Làng-gìu Cék-ngiĕk Lièng-suói]] (中國男子籃球職業聯賽) [[Sé̤ṳ-chiŏng Gĭng-giòng Gê̤ṳ-lŏ̤h-buô]] (四川金強俱樂部), kī lāu siŏh-ciáh Dṳ̆ng-ùng gì miàng-cê „'''Hṳ̀ng-mà cĭ īu'''“ (熊貓之友, The Pandas Friend).

[[分類:Mī-guók ìng-ŭk]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>89479</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-07T05:10:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>唐吉訶德的侍從 ī-gĭng ciŏng hiĕk-miêng [[Cṳ̀-siêng Sié-gái Huò-bìng]] iè-dông gáu [[Metta World Peace]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="627" xml:space="preserve">{{twinLAT|慈善·世界和平}}
'''Metta World Peace''' (Ĭng-ngṳ̄ é-sé̤ṳ &quot;''Cṳ̀-siêng Sié-gái Huò-bìng''&quot;, {{bd|1979 nièng|11 nguŏk 13 hô̤}}) sê [[Mī-guók Cék-ngiĕk Làng-gìu Lièng-suói]] (美國職業籃球聯賽) gì ông-dông-uòng. 2014 nièng gă-mèng (加盟) [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Nàng-cṳ̄ Làng-gìu Cék-ngiĕk Lièng-suói]] (中國男子籃球職業聯賽) [[Sé̤ṳ-chiŏng Gĭng-giòng Gê̤ṳ-lŏ̤h-buô]] (四川金強俱樂部), kī lāu siŏh-ciáh Dṳ̆ng-ùng gì miàng-cê „'''Hṳ̀ng-mà cĭ īu'''“ (熊貓之友, The Pandas Friend).

[[分類:Mī-guók ìng-ŭk]]</text>
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'''Metta World Peace''' (Ĭng-ngṳ̄ é-sé̤ṳ &quot;''Cṳ̀-siêng Sié-gái Huò-bìng''&quot;, {{bd|1979 nièng|11 nguŏk 13 hô̤}}) sê [[NBA|Mī-guók Cék-ngiĕk Làng-gìu Lièng-suói]] (美國職業籃球聯賽) gì ông-dông-uòng. 2014 nièng gă-mèng (加盟) [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Nàng-cṳ̄ Làng-gìu Cék-ngiĕk Lièng-suói]] (中國男子籃球職業聯賽) [[Sé̤ṳ-chiŏng Gĭng-giòng Gê̤ṳ-lŏ̤h-buô]] (四川金強俱樂部), kī lāu siŏh-ciáh Dṳ̆ng-ùng gì miàng-cê „'''Hṳ̀ng-mà cĭ īu'''“ (熊貓之友, The Pandas Friend).

[[分類:Mī-guók ìng-ŭk]]</text>
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  &lt;div style=&quot;padding: 12px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Circle-icons-megaphone.svg|75px|link=[[m:User_talk:MdsShakil]]]]&lt;/div&gt;
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    &lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 150%; color: red; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'&quot;&gt;Welcome to my talk page!&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div style=&quot;max-width: 700px&quot;&gt;Hey! I am Shakil Hosen. I patrol many projects, and where I don't know the language I only act in cases of serious vandalism. If you think I have done anything wrong, feel free to [[m:User talk:MdsShakil|message me]] on Meta wiki. If you don't like that you can leave me messages here too, but since I do not watch all of my talk pages, your message might not get a timely response. Thanks! [[File:Face-smile.svg|18px|link=[[m:User:MdsShakil]]]]&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: [[File:Lady Liberty under a blue sky (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Cê̤ṳ-iù Nṳ̄-sìng-chiông]] '''Cê̤ṳ-iù Nṳ̄-sìng-chiông''' (自由女神像, {{lang-en|Statue of Liberty}}), ciáng-sék miàng-cê '''Cê̤ṳ-iù gì guŏng ciéu sié-gái''' ({{lang-en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}) sê [[Mī-guók]] [[Niū-iók-chê]] gì siŏh ciáh kĕk [[dè̤ng]] có̤ gì chiông.  {{Authority control}} [[Category:Mī-guók]] [[Category:Gióng-dé̤ṳk-ŭk]]</comment>
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'''Cê̤ṳ-iù Nṳ̄-sìng-chiông''' (自由女神像, {{lang-en|Statue of Liberty}}), ciáng-sék miàng-cê '''Cê̤ṳ-iù gì guŏng ciéu sié-gái''' ({{lang-en|Liberty Enlightening the World}}) sê [[Mī-guók]] [[Niū-iók-chê]] gì siŏh ciáh kĕk [[dè̤ng]] có̤ gì chiông.

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Mī-guók]]
[[Category:Gióng-dé̤ṳk-ŭk]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uâng-lī Diòng-cĭng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: [[File:Map of the Long March 1934-1935-en.svg|thumb|right|200px|Uâng-lī Diòng-cĭng]] '''Uâng-lī Diòng-cĭng''' (萬里長征) sê [[1934 nièng]] 10 nguŏk gáu [[1936 nièng]] 10 nguŏk cĭ-găng [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng]] gì [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Sŭ-mì-ăi Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] găk [[Gŏng-să̤]], [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] gâe̤ng [[Hók-gióng]] 3 ciáh sēng gău-gái gì dê-huŏng cāu gáu [[Siēng-să̤]] gì lĭk-sṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-giông. Găk Dṳ̆ng…</comment>
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      <text bytes="712" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Map of the Long March 1934-1935-en.svg|thumb|right|200px|Uâng-lī Diòng-cĭng]]
'''Uâng-lī Diòng-cĭng''' (萬里長征) sê [[1934 nièng]] 10 nguŏk gáu [[1936 nièng]] 10 nguŏk cĭ-găng [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng]] gì [[Dṳ̆ng-huà Sŭ-mì-ăi Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók]] găk [[Gŏng-să̤]], [[Guōng-dĕ̤ng]] gâe̤ng [[Hók-gióng]] 3 ciáh sēng gău-gái gì dê-huŏng cāu gáu [[Siēng-să̤]] gì lĭk-sṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-giông. Găk [[Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng]] gì dōng-sṳ̄ diē-sié, gó̤ có̤ &quot;'''liù-chuáng'''&quot; (流竄) hĕ̤k-ciā &quot;'''să̤-chuáng'''&quot; (西竄).

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (1912 nièng–1949 nièng)]]</text>
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| colors| colorcode| native_name| name| native_name_lang| logo| caption| lang1| name_lang1| lang2| name_lang2| lang3| name_lang3| lang4| name_lang4| abbr| abbreviation| leader| president| chairperson| chairman| general_secretary| first_secretary| secretary_general| secretary| presidium| spokesperson| founder| leader1_title| leader1_name| leader2_title| leader2_name| leader3_title| leader3_name| leader4_title| leader4_name| leader5_title| leader5_name| slogan| founded| foundation| legalised| legalized| dissolved| dissolution| merger| split| predecessor| merged| successor| headquarters| newspaper| think tank| think_tank| student_wing| youth_wing| wing1_title| wing1| wing2_title| wing2| wing3_title| wing3| membership_year| membership| ideology| position| religion| national| international| european| europarl| affiliation1_title| affiliation1| colours| anthem| blank1_title| blank1| blank2_title| blank2| blank3_title| blank3| blank4_title| blank4| seats1_title| seats1| seats2_title| seats2| seats3_title| seats3| seats4_title| seats4| seats5_title| seats5| seats6_title| seats6| seats7_title| seats7| seats8_title| seats8| seats9_title| seats9| seats10_title| seats10| seats11_title| seats11| symbol| flag| website| state| country| country_dab1| parties_dab1| elections_dab1| country2| country_dab2| parties_dab2| elections_dab2| footnotes  | blank_title| blank_info| blank1_info| blank2_info| blank3_info| blank4_info| european affiliation| european parliament group| international affiliation| party name| party_name| name_english| party logo| party_logo| preceded by| preceded_by| succeeded by| succeeded_by| disbanded| spokesman }}
}} --&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bcq8n76qup15xnmoor56x99tuab6h31</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89457</id>
      <parentid>89455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:01:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11448" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| bodyclass = vcard

| aboveclass = fn org
| abovestyle = padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid {{#if:{{{colorcode|}}}|{{{colorcode}}}|transparent}}; {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} |padding-bottom:0; |padding-bottom:0.3em;border-bottom:2px solid {{#if:{{{colorcode|}}}|{{{colorcode}}}|transparent}};}}
| above = {{{name|{{{name_english|{{{party name|{{{party_name|&lt;includeonly&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}}}}}}}}}}

| subheaderstyle = line-height:1.2em;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.4em;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:2px solid {{#if:{{{colorcode|}}}|{{{colorcode}}}|transparent}};
| subheader = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} |&lt;span class=&quot;nickname&quot; {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang=&quot;{{{native_name_lang}}}&quot;}}&gt;{{{native_name}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}

| imageclass = logo
| imagestyle = padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|upright={{{logo_upright|0.8}}}|alt={{{logo_alt|}}}|size={{{logo_size|}}}}}
| caption = {{{caption|}}}

| headerstyle = line-height: 0.8em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0;
| labelstyle = line-height:1.3em;
| datastyle = line-height:1.3em;

| label1  = {{{lang1}}} miàng
| class1  = nickname
|  data1  = {{{name_lang1|}}}

| label2  = {{{lang2}}} miàng
| class2  = nickname
|  data2  = {{{name_lang2|}}}

| label3  = {{{lang3}}} miàng
| class3  = nickname
|  data3  = {{{name_lang3|}}}

| label4  = {{{lang4}}} miàng
| class4  = nickname
|  data4  = {{{name_lang4|}}}

| label5  = gāng-siā
| class5  = nickname
|  data5  = {{{abbreviation|{{{abbr|}}}}}}

| label6  = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |liāng-dô̤-ìng |Former&amp;nbsp;leader}}
| class6  = agent
|  data6  = {{{leader|}}}

| label7  = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |Cūng-cài |Former&amp;nbsp;president}}
| class7  = agent
|  data7  = {{{president|}}}

| label8  = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |Ciō-sĭk{{#if:{{{chairperson|}}}||}} |Former&amp;nbsp;chair{{#if:{{{chairperson|}}}|}} }}
| class8  = agent
|  data8  = {{#if:{{{chairperson|}}} |{{{chairperson}}} |{{{chairman|}}} }}

| label9  = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |Cūng-cṳ̆-gé |Former&amp;nbsp;general secretary}}
| class9  = agent
|  data9  = {{{general_secretary|{{{general_secretary|}}}}}}

| label10 = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |Dâ̤-ék cṳ̆-gé |Former&amp;nbsp;first secretary}}
| class10 = agent
|  data10 = {{{first_secretary|{{{first_secretary|}}}}}}

| label11 = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |{{nowrap|Bé-cṳ̆-diōng}} |Former&amp;nbsp;secretary-general}}
| class11 = agent
|  data11 = {{{secretary_general|{{{secretary_general|}}}}}}

| label12 = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |Ciō-sĭk-tuàng |Former&amp;nbsp;presidium}}
| class12 = agent
|  data12 = {{{presidium|{{{presidium|}}}}}}


| label13 = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |Siòng-ūi-huôi|Former&amp;nbsp;standing committee}}
| class13 = agent
|  data13 = {{{standing_committee|{{{standing_committee|}}}}}}

| label14 = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |Cṳ̆-gé |Former&amp;nbsp;secretary}}
| class14 = agent
|  data14 = {{{secretary|{{{secretary|}}}}}}

| label15 = {{#ifeq:{{{disbanded|no}}}|no |{{#if:{{{spokesperson|}}}|Huák-ngiòng-ìng}} |Former&amp;nbsp;spokes{{#if:{{{spokesperson|}}}|person|man}} }}
| class15 = agent
|  data15 = {{#if:{{{spokesperson|}}} |{{{spokesperson}}} |{{{spokesman|}}} }}

| label16 = Gióng-lĭk-ciā
| class16 = agent
|  data16 = {{{founder|}}}

| label17 = {{{leader1_title|}}}
| class17 = agent
|  data17 = {{{leader1_name|}}}

| label18 = {{{leader2_title|}}}
| class18 = agent
|  data18 = {{{leader2_name|}}}

| label19 = {{{leader3_title|}}}
| class19 = agent
|  data19 = {{{leader3_name|}}}

| label20 = {{{leader4_title|}}}
| class20 = agent
|  data20 = {{{leader4_name|}}}

| label21 = {{{leader5_title|}}}
| class21 = agent
|  data21 = {{{leader5_name|}}}

| label22 = Kēu-hô̤
|  data22 = {{{slogan|}}}

| label23 = Gióng-lĭk
|  data23 = {{{founded|{{{foundation|}}}}}}

| label24 = {{#if:{{{legalised|}}} |Hăk-huák-huá}}
|  data24 = {{#if:{{{legalised|}}} |{{{legalised}}} |{{{legalized|}}} }}

| label25 = Gāi-sáng
|  data25 = {{{dissolved|{{{dissolution|}}}}}}

| label26 = Hăk-béng cê̤ṳ
|  data26 = {{{merger|}}}

| label27 = Hŭng-liĕk cê̤ṳ
|  data27 = {{{split|}}}

| label28 = Cĭ-sèng
|  data28 = {{{predecessor|{{{preceded by|{{{preceded_by|}}}}}}}}}

| label29 = Hăk-béng gáu
|  data29 = {{{merged|}}}

| label30 = Cĭ-âu
|  data30 = {{{successor|{{{succeeded by|{{{succeeded_by|}}}}}}}}}

| label31 = Cūng-buô
| class31 = label
|  data31 = {{{headquarters|}}}

| label32 = Bó̤-cāi
|  data32 = {{{newspaper|}}}

| label33 = [[Dê-kó]]
|  data33 = {{{think tank|{{{think_tank|}}}}}}

| label34 = Hŏk-sĕng cū-cék
|  data34 = {{{student_wing|}}}

| label35 = [[Chĭng-nièng cū-cék]]
|  data35 = {{{youth_wing|}}}

| label36 = {{{wing1_title}}}
|  data36 = {{{wing1|}}}

| label37 = {{{wing2_title}}}
|  data37 = {{{wing2|}}}

| label38 = {{{wing3_title}}}
|  data38 = {{{wing3|}}}

| label39 = Dōng-uòng {{#if:{{{membership_year|}}} |&amp;nbsp;({{{membership_year}}})}}
|  data39 = {{{membership|}}}

| label40 = [[é-sék hìng-tái]]
| class40 = category
|  data40 = {{{ideology|}}}

| label41 = [[Céng-dê guŏng-puō]]
| class41 = category
|  data41 = {{{position|}}}

| label42 = [[Séng-ngiōng]]
| class42 = category
|  data42 = {{{religion|}}}

| label43 = Guók-nô̤i lièng-mèng
| class43 = category
|  data43 = {{{national|}}}

| label44 = Guók-cié lièng-mèng
| class44 = category
|  data44 = {{{international|{{{international affiliation|}}}}}}

| label45 = Ĕu-ciŭ cū-cék
| class45 = category
|  data45 = {{{european|{{{european affiliation|}}}}}}

| label46 = Ĕu-ciŭ ngiê-huôi dōng-puái
| class46 = category
|  data46 = {{{europarl|{{{european parliament group|}}}}}}

| label47 = {{{affiliation1_title}}}
| class47 = category
|  data47 = {{#if:{{{affiliation1_title|}}}|{{{affiliation1|}}}}}

| label48 = Ngàng-sáik
|  data48 = {{{colo{{#if:{{{colours|}}}|u|}}rs|}}}

| label49 = Dōng-gŏ̤
|  data49 = {{{anthem|}}}

| label50 = {{{blank1_title|{{{blank_title|}}}}}}
|  data50 = {{{blank1|{{{blank1_info|{{{blank_info|}}}}}}}}}

| label51 = {{{blank2_title|}}}
|  data51 = {{{blank2|{{{blank2_info|}}}}}}

| label52 = {{{blank3_title|}}}
|  data52 = {{{blank3|{{{blank3_info|}}}}}}

| label53 = {{{blank4_title|}}}
|  data53 = {{{blank4|{{{blank4_info|}}}}}}

| label54 = {{{seats1_title|}}}
|  data54 = {{{seats1|}}}

| label55 = {{{seats2_title|}}}
|  data55 = {{{seats2|}}}

| label56 = {{{seats3_title|}}}
|  data56 = {{{seats3|}}}

| label57 = {{{seats4_title|}}}
|  data57 = {{{seats4|}}}

| label58 = {{{seats5_title|}}}
|  data58 = {{{seats5|}}}

| label59 = {{{seats6_title|}}}
|  data59 = {{{seats6|}}}

| label60 = {{{seats7_title|}}}
|  data60 = {{{seats7|}}}

| label61 = {{{seats8_title|}}}
|  data61 = {{{seats8|}}}

| label62 = {{{seats9_title|}}}
|  data62 = {{{seats9|}}}

| label63 = {{{seats10_title|}}}
|  data63 = {{{seats10|}}}

| label64 = {{{seats11_title|}}}
|  data64 = {{{seats11|}}}

| header65 = {{#if:{{{symbol|}}} |Sōng-gṳ̄ biĕu-cé}}
| rowstyle66 = font-size: 150%
|  data66 = {{{symbol|}}}

| header67 = {{#if:{{{flag|}}} |{{{flag_title|Dōng-gì}}}}}
|  data68 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{flag|}}}|upright=0.6|alt={{if empty|{{{flag_alt|}}}|{{{flag_title|}}}}}}}

| header69 = {{#if:{{{website|}}} |Uōng-câng}}
|  data70 = {{{website|}}}

| belowstyle = line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.4em; border-top:2px solid {{#if:{{{colorcode|}}}|{{{colorcode}}}|transparent}};
| below = {{#if:{{{state|{{{country|}}}}}}
           |   {{#ifexist: {{#if:{{{country_dab1|}}} |{{{country_dab1}}} |Politics of {{{state|{{{country}}}}}} }}
                | {{#if:{{{country_dab1|}}}
                   | [[{{{country_dab1}}}|Politics of {{{state|{{{country}}}}}}]]&lt;br/&gt;
                   | [[Politics of {{{state|{{{country}}}}}}]]&lt;br/&gt;
               }} }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{#if:{{{parties_dab1|}}} |{{{parties_dab1}}} |List of political parties in {{{state|{{{country}}}}}} }}
                | [[{{#if:{{{parties_dab1|}}} |{{{parties_dab1}}} |List of political parties in {{{state|{{{country}}}}}}}}|Political parties]]&lt;br/&gt;
               }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{#if:{{{elections_dab1|}}} |{{{elections_dab1}}} |Elections in {{{state|{{{country}}}}}} }}
                | [[{{#if:{{{elections_dab1|}}} |{{{elections_dab1}}} |Elections in {{{state|{{{country}}}}}}}}|Elections]]
               }}&lt;!--
            --&gt;{{#if:{{{country2|}}}
                |   &lt;hr/&gt;&lt;!--
                 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{#if:{{{country_dab2|}}} |{{{country_dab2}}} |Politics of {{{country2}}} }}
                     | {{#if:{{{country_dab2|}}}
                        | [[{{{country_dab2}}}|Politics of {{{country2}}}]]
                        | [[Politics of {{{country2}}}]]&lt;br/&gt;
                    }} }}&lt;!--
                 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{#if:{{{parties_dab2|}}} |{{{parties_dab2}}} |List of political parties in {{{country2}}} }}
                     | [[{{#if:{{{parties_dab2|}}} |{{{parties_dab2}}} |List of political parties in {{{country2}}}}}|Political parties]]&lt;br/&gt;
                    }}&lt;!--
                 --&gt;{{#ifexist: {{#if:{{{elections_dab2|}}} |{{{elections_dab2}}} |Elections in {{{country2}}} }}
                     | [[{{#if:{{{elections_dab2|}}} |{{{elections_dab2}}} |Elections in {{{country2}}}}}|Elections]]
          }}   }}   }}&lt;!--
       --&gt;{{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |&lt;hr/&gt;{{{footnotes|}}} }}

}}&lt;!--{{main other
  |
   {{#if:{{{1|}}}| [[Category:Political party articles using deprecated parameters|§{{PAGENAME}}]] 
  }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Political party articles using deprecated parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|ignoreblank=y
| colors| colorcode| native_name| name| native_name_lang| logo| caption| lang1| name_lang1| lang2| name_lang2| lang3| name_lang3| lang4| name_lang4| abbr| abbreviation| leader| president| chairperson| chairman| general_secretary| first_secretary| secretary_general| secretary| presidium| spokesperson| founder| leader1_title| leader1_name| leader2_title| leader2_name| leader3_title| leader3_name| leader4_title| leader4_name| leader5_title| leader5_name| slogan| founded| foundation| legalised| legalized| dissolved| dissolution| merger| split| predecessor| merged| successor| headquarters| newspaper| think tank| think_tank| student_wing| youth_wing| wing1_title| wing1| wing2_title| wing2| wing3_title| wing3| membership_year| membership| ideology| position| religion| national| international| european| europarl| affiliation1_title| affiliation1| colours| anthem| blank1_title| blank1| blank2_title| blank2| blank3_title| blank3| blank4_title| blank4| seats1_title| seats1| seats2_title| seats2| seats3_title| seats3| seats4_title| seats4| seats5_title| seats5| seats6_title| seats6| seats7_title| seats7| seats8_title| seats8| seats9_title| seats9| seats10_title| seats10| seats11_title| seats11| symbol| flag| website| state| country| country_dab1| parties_dab1| elections_dab1| country2| country_dab2| parties_dab2| elections_dab2| footnotes  | blank_title| blank_info| blank1_info| blank2_info| blank3_info| blank4_info| european affiliation| european parliament group| international affiliation| party name| party_name| name_english| party logo| party_logo| preceded by| preceded_by| succeeded by| succeeded_by| disbanded| spokesman }}
}} --&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>模板:Infobox political party/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34119</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89456</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:00:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: {{Infobox political party | name = {{{name}}} | native_name = {{{native_name}}} | native_name_lang = {{{native_name_lang}}} | lang1 = {{{lang1}}} | name_lang1 = {{{name_lang1}}} | lang2 = {{{lang2}}} | name_lang2 = {{{name_lang2}}} | lang3 = {{{lang3}}} | name_lang3 = {{{name_lang3}}} | lang4 = {{{lang4}}} | name_lang4 = {{{name_lang4}}} | logo = {{{logo}}} | caption = {{{caption}}} | colorcode = {{{colorcode}}} | abbreviation = {{{abbreviation}}} | leader = {{{leader}}} | pres…</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5257" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox political party
| name = {{{name}}}
| native_name = {{{native_name}}}
| native_name_lang = {{{native_name_lang}}}
| lang1 = {{{lang1}}}
| name_lang1 = {{{name_lang1}}}
| lang2 = {{{lang2}}}
| name_lang2 = {{{name_lang2}}}
| lang3 = {{{lang3}}}
| name_lang3 = {{{name_lang3}}}
| lang4 = {{{lang4}}}
| name_lang4 = {{{name_lang4}}}
| logo = {{{logo}}}
| caption = {{{caption}}}
| colorcode = {{{colorcode}}}
| abbreviation = {{{abbreviation}}}
| leader = {{{leader}}}
| president = {{{president}}}
| chairperson = {{{chairperson}}}
| general_secretary = {{{general_secretary}}}
| first_secretary = {{{first_secretary}}}
| secretary_general = {{{secretary_general}}}
| presidium = {{{presidium}}}
| standing_committee = {{{standing_committee}}}
| secretary = {{{secretary}}}
| spokesperson = {{{spokesperson}}}
| founder = {{{founder}}}
| leader1_title = {{{leader1_title}}}
| leader1_name = {{{leader1_name}}}
| leader2_title = {{{leader2_title}}}
| leader2_name = {{{leader2_name}}}
| leader3_title = {{{leader3_title}}}
| leader3_name = {{{leader3_name}}}
| leader4_title = {{{leader4_title}}}
| leader4_name = {{{leader4_name}}}
| leader5_title = {{{leader5_title}}}
| leader5_name = {{{leader5_name}}}
| slogan = {{{slogan}}}
| founded = {{{founded}}}
| legalised = {{{legalised}}}
| dissolved = {{{dissoled}}}
| merger = {{{merger}}}
| split = {{{split}}}
| predecessor = {{{predecessor}}}
| merged = {{{merged}}}
| successor = {{{successor}}}
| headquarters = {{{headquarters}}}
| newspaper = {{{newspaper}}}
| think_tank = {{{think_tank}}}
| student_wing = {{{student_wing}}}
| youth_wing = {{{youth_wing}}}
| wing1_title = {{{wing1_title}}}
| wing1 = {{{wing1}}}
| wing2_title = {{{wing2_title}}}
| wing2 = {{{wing2}}}
| wing3_title = {{{wing3_title}}}
| wing3 = {{{wing3}}}
| membership_year = {{{membership_year}}}
| membership = {{{membership}}}
| ideology = {{{ideology}}}
| position ={{{position}}}
| religion = {{{religion}}}
| national = {{{national}}}
| international = {{{international}}}
| european = {{{european}}}
| europarl = {{{europar1}}}
| affiliation1_title = {{{affiliation1_title}}}
| affiliation1 = {{{affiliation1}}}
| colors = {{{colors}}}         &lt;!-- or: | colours = --&gt;
| anthem = {{{anthem}}}
| blank1_title = {{{blank1_title}}}
| blank1 = {{{blank1}}}
| blank2_title = {{{blank2_title}}}
| blank2 = {{{blank2}}}
| blank3_title = {{{blank3_title}}}
| blank3 = {{{blank3}}}
| blank4_title = {{{blank4_title}}}
| blank4 = {{{blank4}}}
| seats1_title = {{{seats1_title}}}
| seats1 = {{{seats1}}} 
| seats2_title = {{{seats2_title}}}
| seats2 = {{{seats2}}}
| seats3_title = {{{seats3_title}}}
| seats3 = {{{seats3}}}
| seats4_title = {{{seats4_title}}}
| seats4 = {{{seats4}}}         &lt;!-- up to |seats11= --&gt;
| symbol = {{{symbol}}}
| flag = {{{flag}}}
| website = {{{website}}}
| state = {{{state}}}          &lt;!-- or country --&gt;
| country = {{{country}}}        &lt;!-- or state --&gt;
| country_dab1 = {{{country_dab1}}}
| parties_dab1 = {{{parties_dab1}}}
| elections_dab1 = {{{elections_dabs1}}}
| country2 = {{{country2}}}
| country_dab2 = {{{country_dab2}}}
| parties_dab2 = {{{parties_dab2}}}
| elections_dab2 = {{{elections_dab2}}}
| footnotes = {{{footnotes}}}
}}
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Infobox political party
| name = 
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| lang1 = 
| name_lang1 = 
| lang2 = 
| name_lang2 = 
| lang3 = 
| name_lang3 = 
| lang4 = 
| name_lang4 = 
| logo = 
| caption =
| colorcode =       &lt;!-- HTML color code (e.g. &quot;red&quot;, &quot;#FF0000&quot; or Party metadata color template) otherwise &quot;transparent&quot; --&gt;
| abbreviation =    &lt;!-- official abbreviation --&gt;
| leader = 
| president = 
| chairperson =     &lt;!-- or: | chairman = --&gt;
| general_secretary =
| first_secretary =
| secretary_general = 
| presidium =
| standing_committee = 
| secretary =
| spokesperson = 
| founder = 
| leader1_title = 
| leader1_name = 
| leader2_title = 
| leader2_name = 
| leader3_title = 
| leader3_name = 
| leader4_title = 
| leader4_name = 
| leader5_title = 
| leader5_name = 
| slogan = 
| founded =         &lt;!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;
| legalised =       &lt;!-- or |legalized= --&gt;
| dissolved =       &lt;!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;
| merger = 
| split = 
| predecessor = 
| merged = 
| successor = 
| headquarters = 
| newspaper = 
| think_tank = 
| student_wing = 
| youth_wing = 
| wing1_title = 
| wing1 = 
| wing2_title = 
| wing2 = 
| wing3_title = 
| wing3 = 
| membership_year = 
| membership = 
| ideology = 
| position =
| religion = 
| national = 
| international = 
| european = 
| europarl = 
| affiliation1_title = 
| affiliation1 = 
| colors =          &lt;!-- or: | colours = --&gt;
| anthem = 
| blank1_title = 
| blank1 = 
| blank2_title = 
| blank2 = 
| blank3_title = 
| blank3 = 
| blank4_title = 
| blank4 = 
| seats1_title = 
| seats1 =          &lt;!-- {{Infobox political party/seats|seats_won|total_seats|hex=#ff0000}} --&gt;
| seats2_title = 
| seats2 = 
| seats3_title = 
| seats3 = 
| seats4_title = 
| seats4 =          &lt;!-- up to |seats11= --&gt;
| symbol = 
| flag = 
| website = 
| state =           &lt;!-- or country --&gt;
| country =         &lt;!-- or state --&gt;
| country_dab1 = 
| parties_dab1 = 
| elections_dab1 = 
| country2 = 
| country_dab2 = 
| parties_dab2 = 
| elections_dab2 = 
| footnotes = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kynt6lhgfg9drf09c01sit887bq1vzb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Composition bar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89458</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:19:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: &lt;div style=&quot;{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}|auto||width: {{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{width|}}}}}|{{{width}}}|{{{width|100}}}px}};}}&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;{{formatnum:{{{1|50}}}}} / {{formatnum:{{{2|100}}}}}{{#if:{{{per|}}}|&amp;emsp;({{#expr:(({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100) round (-1*{{min|0|{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100}}}}}}) }}%)}}{{{ref|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div role=&quot;img&quot; style=&quot;{{#ifeq:{{{border|{{{border-color|}}}}}}|none||box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid {{{border|{{…</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1010" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}|auto||width: {{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{width|}}}}}|{{{width}}}|{{{width|100}}}px}};}}&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;{{formatnum:{{{1|50}}}}} / {{formatnum:{{{2|100}}}}}{{#if:{{{per|}}}|&amp;emsp;({{#expr:(({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100) round (-1*{{min|0|{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100}}}}}}) }}%)}}{{{ref|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div role=&quot;img&quot; style=&quot;{{#ifeq:{{{border|{{{border-color|}}}}}}|none||box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid {{{border|{{{border-color|#aaa}}}}}};}} {{#if:{{{background-color|}}}|background-color: {{{background-color}}};}} height: 1.15em; position: relative;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: {{#if:{{Both|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}}}
 | rgb({{#expr:255*{{{3|255}}}}}, {{#expr:255*{{{4|0}}}}}, {{#expr:255*{{{5|0}}}}})
 | {{{hex|{{{3|#CCCCCC}}}}}}
 }}; width: {{#expr:(({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100) round (-1*{{min|0|{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100}}}}}}) }}%; height: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mwudhwkvdyi667ghon7is1gomsps7v6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Color box</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89459</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:19:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: &lt;span style=&quot;background-color:{{{1|}}}; color:{{{3|}}}; border:1px solid {{{border|#000000}}}; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{2}}}&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="225" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:{{{1|}}}; color:{{{3|}}}; border:1px solid {{{border|#000000}}}; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{2}}}&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7a5ldy438230xu0v85n2htyyujcjnst</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Chinese Communist Party/meta/color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34122</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89460</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:20:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: &lt;nowiki&gt;#DD0000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;  == Examples == {| |- style=&quot;color:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}&quot; | '''This color''' |- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:white&quot; | '''White on this color''' |- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:black&quot; | '''Black on this color''' |}   &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="291" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;#DD0000&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Examples ==
{|
|- style=&quot;color:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}&quot;
| '''This color'''
|- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:white&quot;
| '''White on this color'''
|- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:black&quot;
| '''Black on this color'''
|}


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>31e4iv38kbrxkb2pg122cd5ql85psv9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89463</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:30:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: &lt;nowiki&gt;#1B9431&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;  == Examples == {| |- style=&quot;color:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}&quot; | '''This color''' |- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:white&quot; | '''White on this color''' |- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:black&quot; | '''Black on this color''' |}   &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="291" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;#1B9431&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Examples ==
{|
|- style=&quot;color:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}&quot;
| '''This color'''
|- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:white&quot;
| '''White on this color'''
|- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:black&quot;
| '''Black on this color'''
|}


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>81jhrp118hxir5wy1xf5wdh7fez29wt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Kuomintang/meta/color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89468</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:39:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: &lt;nowiki&gt;#000099&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;  == Examples == {| |- style=&quot;color:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}&quot; | '''This color''' |- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:white&quot; | '''White on this color''' |- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:black&quot; | '''Black on this color''' |}  [[Category:Taiwan political party color templates]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="342" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;#000099&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

== Examples ==
{|
|- style=&quot;color:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}&quot;
| '''This color'''
|- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:white&quot;
| '''White on this color'''
|- style=&quot;background:{{ {{PAGENAME}} }}; color:black&quot;
| '''Black on this color'''
|}

[[Category:Taiwan political party color templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>04sz33gdvf2jhhuz1m31kgs6bs0qx1y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Republican Party (US)/meta/color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89471</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:50:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Political party color|Republican}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="101" xml:space="preserve">{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Political party color|Republican}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k77k8ladkbk9ex9unupy3m1j07c1u8m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Political party color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89472</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:50:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: &lt;nowiki /&gt;#{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#switch: {{{1|}}} | Alliance                                  =469FB4{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- American                                           Use: Know Nothing --&gt;}} | American (1924)                           =B340D1 | American (1969)                           =CC66FF {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- American Constitution                              Use: Constitution --&gt;}} | American Delta                            =355E39…</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9044" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki /&gt;#{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#switch: {{{1|}}}
| Alliance                                  =469FB4{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void|
&lt;!-- American                                           Use: Know Nothing --&gt;}}
| American (1924)                           =B340D1
| American (1969)                           =CC66FF {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void|
&lt;!-- American Constitution                              Use: Constitution --&gt;}}
| American Delta                            =355E39
| American Independent                      =800080
| American Labor
  | Labor
  | Labor, 19th century                     =FF6347
| American Republican                       =005B96
| American Solidarity                       =FF7F00
| Americans Elect                           =FFFF88
| Anti-Administration                       =CCFF66
| Anti-Jacksonian
  | Adams
  | National Republican                     =FFE6B0
| Anti-Jacksonian Hold
  | Adams Hold
  | National Republican Hold                =FFF5D7
| Anti-Masonic                              =FFFF99
| Anti-Masonic Hold                         =FFFFE6
| Anti-Nebraska                             =E4D96F
| Anti-Monopoly                             =66F500

| Birthday                                  =791a52
| Bread and Roses                           =000000

| Citizens                                  =00FF90
| Commonwealth Land
  | Single Tax                              =4C915F
| Communist
  | Communist USA                           =D50000
| Connecticut for Lieberman                 =FFFF2A
| Conservative                              =FF8C00
| Constitution
  | Concerned Citizens
  | Independent American
  | U.S. Taxpayers
  | US Taxpayers
  | Taxpayers                               =A356DE
| Constitutional Union
  |Constitutional Unionist                  =F59100

| Democratic
  | Democrat                                =3333FF {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Never use this, but just-in-case --&gt;}}
| Democratic hold                           =EEF6FF
| Democratic light
  | Democratic shading                      =B0CEFF {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- For text-over shading--&gt;}}
| Democratic–Farmer–Labor                           {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Rule: Use N-dash --&gt;}}
  | DFL
  | Democratic-Farmer-Labor                 =0055AA {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- If hyphenated --&gt;}}
| Democratic-Republican                             {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Rule: Use hyphen --&gt;}}
  | Democratic–Republican                           {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- If N-dash is used --&gt;}}
  | Jacksonian Democratic                   =008000
  | Democratic-Republican (Adams)           =68C468
  | Democratic-Republican (Jackson)         =698DC5
  | Democratic-Republican (Crawford)        =E8EE73
| Dixiecrat                                 =FF9955

| Farmer–Labor                                      {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Rule: Use N-dash; NOT Democratic–Farmer–Labor --&gt;}}
  | Farmer-Labor                            =66FF99 {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- If hyphen is used --&gt;}}
| Federalist                                =EA9978
  | Pro-Administration                      =00cc22
| Free Soil                                 =CCCC66
| Fusion                                    =79CDCD

| Green                                     =17AA5C
  | Pacific Green                           =90EE90
| Greenback
  | Greenback                               =0BDA51

| Independence                              =FFC14E
| Independent
  | Independent (US)
  | Other
  | Others                                  =DDDDBB {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Old colors: E8E800, DDDDCC--&gt;}}
| Independent (Oregon)                      =0B4599
{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Independent American is the same as Constitution--&gt;}}

| Independent Democratic
  | Mississippi Freedom Democratic          =6699CC
| Independent Green                         =659F65
| Independent Republican                    =CC6666 {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Old color: EE8811--&gt;}}
| Independent Voters Association
  | IVA                                     =E64E4E
| Independent Whig                          =FBCEB1

| Jacksonian                                =DDEEFF
| Jacksonian Hold                           =F1F8FF
| Justice                                   =ADD8E6

| Know Nothing                                      {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Rule: Use space --&gt;}}
  | Know-Nothing                                    {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- If hyphenated --&gt;}}
  | American                                =D99FE8 {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void|

&lt;!-- for Labor, see American Labor--&gt;}}
| Law and Order                             =00DDDD
| Liberal                                   =CC0000
| Liberal (Utah)                            =AAAAAA
| Liberal Republican                        =FF69B4
| Libertarian                               =FED105
| Liberty                                   =00DDDD
| Liberty Union                             =D6FF33

| Marijuana
  | Legal Marijuana Now
  | Marijuana Reform
  | Grassroots
  | Grassroots-Legalize Cannabis            =50C878
| Mountain                                  =004B24

| Nacionalista                              =98FB98
| Natural Law                               =00BFFF
| National                                  =EE6666
| National Democratic
  | Gold Democratic                         =FFD700
| National Democratic (Alabama)
  | NDPA                                    =3333FF
| National Union                            =B22222 {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- This is the &quot;Firebrick&quot; red taken from predefined [[web colors]] / [[X11 colors]].--&gt;}}
| New Alliance                              =FF00FF
| New Progressive                           =161687
| Nonpartisan                               =C0C0C0
| Nonpartisan League
  | NPL                                     =FCF5D9
| North Dakota Democratic-NPL
  | Democratic-NPL                          =0055AA {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- Not the same as plain NPL --&gt;}}
| Nullifier                                 =0EBFB0

| Opposition                                =FFE153 {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void|
&lt;!-- For &quot;Other&quot; or &quot;Others&quot; see &quot;Independent&quot;--&gt;}}

| Party for Socialism and Liberation        =ED1C24
| Peace and Freedom                         =00FF00
| People's
  | Populist                                =ACE1AF
| Personal Choice                           =FBEC5D
| Popular Democratic                        =FF3333
| Populist (1984)
  | America First                           =FF7575
| Progressive                               =5FD170
| Progressive (1912)
  | Bull Moose                              =B63434
| Prohibition                               =FF00FF

| Raza Unida                                =CC853F
| Readjuster                                =0EBFE9
| Republican                                =E81B23
| Republican hold                           =FFF1EE
| Republican light                          =FFB6B6
  | Republican shading                      =FFB6B6 {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void| &lt;!-- For text-over shading--&gt;}}
| Reform                                    =6A287E
| Right to Life                             =F4C2C2

| Silver                                    =79CDCD
| Silver Republican                         =F2CED4
| Social Democratic                         =FF3300
| Socialist                                 =CD3700
| Socialist Action                          =7C1813
| Socialist Alternative                     =FF3300
| Socialist Equality                        =BA141A
| Socialist Labor                           =DD051D
| Socialist Workers                         =AA0000
| Southern Democratic                       =4F990C
| Southern Rights                           =6AB023
| States' Rights                            =F5BCA9

| Townsend                                  =EEEEEE

| Union                                     =B28466
| Union Labor                               =6633CC
| United Citizens                           =778899
| United Utah                               =80151F
| Unity                                     =ADD8E6
| Unionist                                  =FFAADD
| Unconditional Unionist                    =FFAABB
| US Labor                                  =800000

| Vacant                                    =FFFFFF
| Vermont Progressive                       =C64C4B

| Whig                                      =F0C862
| Women's Equality                          =328DE0
| Workers World                             =FF33AA
| Working Families                          =F598E2
| Workingman's                              =D99FE8

| Write-in
  | Write in
  | Unknown                                 =transparent{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Void|&lt;!-- See Other --&gt;}}

| No party preference                       =FDFD7F

| transparent
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jfz4gy6wjeehv8hyyl4i76qlnv0zvvu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89475</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:56:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Political party color|Democratic}}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="101" xml:space="preserve">{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:Political party color|Democratic}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>shy6qp5sf3w4rpolddl6rubo7srhmde</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>模板:Void</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>34128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89476</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T04:56:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: &lt;noinclude&gt;This page left intentionally (mostly) blank.&lt;/noinclude&gt;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;This page left intentionally (mostly) blank.&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kl7boni6uc4jdrya39o9gmpc232edio</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cṳ̀-siêng Sié-gái Huò-bìng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34129</id>
    <redirect title="Metta World Peace" />
    <revision>
      <id>89480</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T05:10:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>唐吉訶德的侍從 ī-gĭng ciŏng hiĕk-miêng [[Cṳ̀-siêng Sié-gái Huò-bìng]] iè-dông gáu [[Metta World Peace]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#重新導向 [[Metta World Peace]]</text>
      <sha1>srt7gbcx606qxia0c6n9spu82tr1jfi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Martin Luther King</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>89483</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T05:16:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sĭng hiĕk: [[File:Martin Luther King, Jr..jpg|thumb|right|200px|Martin Luther King]] '''Martin Luther King Jr.''' ({{bd|1929 nièng|1 nguŏk 15 hô̤|1968 nièng|4 nguŏk 4 hô̤}}), buōng-miàng '''Michael King Jr.''', sê [[Mī-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh [[mŭk-sṳ̆]], iâ sê siŏh ciáh [[siâ-huôi ông-dông]]-ciā. Ĭ sê siŏh ciáh [[Ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng]], ôi [[ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng mìng-guòng ông-dông]] có̤ chók cêng duâi góng-hióng. Ĭng-ôi cuòi, ĭ găk 1964 niè…</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="703" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Martin Luther King, Jr..jpg|thumb|right|200px|Martin Luther King]]
'''Martin Luther King Jr.''' ({{bd|1929 nièng|1 nguŏk 15 hô̤|1968 nièng|4 nguŏk 4 hô̤}}), buōng-miàng '''Michael King Jr.''', sê [[Mī-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh [[mŭk-sṳ̆]], iâ sê siŏh ciáh [[siâ-huôi ông-dông]]-ciā. Ĭ sê siŏh ciáh [[Ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng]], ôi [[ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng mìng-guòng ông-dông]] có̤ chók cêng duâi góng-hióng. Ĭng-ôi cuòi, ĭ găk [[1964 nièng]] dáik gáu [[Nobel Huò-bìng Ciōng]].

[[1968 nièng]], ĭ găk [[Tennessee]] gì [[Memphis (Tennessee)|Memphis]] ké̤ṳk nè̤ng kĕk [[chiŏng]] áng-sák.

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Mī-guók ìng-ŭk]]</text>
      <sha1>n47p6qzbisqfvxo0gx4w7qnw1w8762j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>89485</id>
      <parentid>89483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-07T05:21:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>唐吉訶德的侍從</username>
        <id>836</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="715" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Martin Luther King, Jr..jpg|thumb|right|200px|Martin Luther King]]
'''Martin Luther King Jr.''' ({{bd|1929 nièng|1 nguŏk 15 hô̤|1968 nièng|4 nguŏk 4 hô̤}}), buōng-miàng '''Michael King Jr.''', sê [[Mī-guók]] gì siŏh ciáh [[mŭk-sṳ̆]], iâ sê siŏh ciáh [[siâ-huôi ông-dông]]-ciā. Ĭ sê siŏh ciáh [[Ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng]], ôi [[ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng mìng-guòng ông-dông]] có̤ chók cêng duâi góng-hióng. Ĭng-ôi cuòi, ĭ găk [[1964 nièng]] dáik gáu [[Nobel Huò-bìng Ciōng]].

[[1968 nièng]], ĭ găk [[Tennessee]] gì [[Memphis (Tennessee)|Memphis]] ké̤ṳk nè̤ng kĕk [[ché̤ṳng|chiŏng]] áng-sák.

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[[Category:Mī-guók ìng-ŭk]]</text>
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