Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.23 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 3554 86149 81791 2022-08-16T01:07:31Z Stevenndori289 10902 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki = Intangiriro = [[File:Gorilla mother and baby at Volcans National Park.jpg|thumb|206x206px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu birunga (gore n’umwana) mu Rwanda</span>]] [[File:Ingagi_mu_birunga.jpg|thumb|Ingagi mu birunga|264x264px]] '''Ingagi zo mu birunga'''<ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-2-95-1258.html Ingagi zo mu Birunga: inyamaswa zifite byinshi zihuriyeho n\'abantu]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ingagi zo mu Birunga zariyongereye |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article625 |accessdate=2011-01-02 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305234747/http://rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article625 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-2-95-97.html Ingagi zo mu Rwanda zahungiye inkongi y’umuriro muri Congo Kinshasa]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ingagi muri Parike Nasiyonali y’Ibirunga |url=http://www.karabaye.com/news/article.php?id=0105 |accessdate=2011-01-19 |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306144347/http://karabaye.com/news/article.php?id=0105 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> cyangwa '''Ingagi zo mu misozi''', '''Ingagi zo mu misozi miremire''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Gorilla beringei beringei''), ni bumwe mu bwoko bw’inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi. == Ibarura ry'ingagi == [[Dosiye:Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla_6zz.jpg|thumb|Ingagi y'apfuyez]] Ubu habarwa [[ingagi]] zo mu birunga zigera kuri 720 ku isi yose, kandi zose ziherere mu majyaruguru y’igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]], mu majyepfo ya [[Uganda]] ndetse no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Muri iyo Pariki kandi harimo andi moko y’ibinyabuzima gakondo n’andi arinzwe mu rwego rw’amasezerano mpuzamahanga abuza ubucuruzi bw’amoko y’ibinyabuzima biri hafi gucika burundu ([[CITES]]). Ingangi zabazwe ni izo muri Pariki eshatu arizo: [[pariki y’Ibirunga y’u Rwanda]], [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] na [[Parc National des Gorilles de Mgahinga ]] yo muri Uganda. Nyamara hari izindi ziri mu ishymba ry’inzitane rya Bwindi rya Pariki y’igihugu cya Uganda. [[File:Susa group, mountain gorilla.jpg|thumb|202x202px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu birunga (gabo)</span>|alt=]] Abayobozi kandi basobobanuye ko iri barurwa ryakozwe mu rwego rwo kumenya uko ibintu byifashe ndetse no kureba uko ingagi zimerewe. Ibyavuye mu ibarura bikaba ari bumwe mu bushakashatsi bukomeye buzaba buhari bwerekana ubuzima bw’izi ngagi ndetse n’uko zibanyeho mu miryango yazo. Ibarura ryakozwe mu Birunga kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata uyu mwaka, ryerekanye ko umubare w’ingagi wiyongereyeho 26,3% mu myaka irindwi ishize. Ni ukuvuga ko zagiye ziyongeraho 3,7% buri mwaka. Iri barura ryasanze hari ingagi zo mu misozi 480 ziri mu miryango 36 hamwe n’izindi ngabo 14 zigiye zibana. Ibarura ryaherukaga kuba muri 2003, ryari ryabonye ingagi 380. Kugeza kuri uyu munsi, ushyizemo n’ingagi 302 zari zabazwe muri 2006 mu ishyamba rya Bwindi n’zindi enye zabuze ababyeyi zikaba zirererwa mu kigo cyo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, umubare w’ingagi zo mu misozi zizwi ku isi ni 786. Ingagi zo mu Birunga, zagiye zibasirwa n’intambara zo mu Karere n’ubushimusi mu myaka ishize, zamenyekanye cyane kubera nyakwigendera [[Dian Fossey]], zikaba ari kimwe mu bintu bikururura ba mukerarugendo benshi mu Karere. Mu ishyamba ry’ibimera byiza cyane biri mu birunga bigabanya u Rwanda na Uganda niho habarizwa ingagi zo mu birunga zikunda gusurwa cyane ku isi. Iyi pariki ifite ubwoko bw’ingagi nyakwigendera Dian Fossey yapfuye agerageza kurwana ku buzima bwazo. Ingagi zo mu birunga zisigaye zigera kuri 355, kandi ibimera bihora bitoshye nibyo bituma zidakomeza gucika ku isi. Iyi pariki igizwe n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibimera , aho usanga hari ishyamba ry’ibimera bito ndetse harimo n’ibiti binini bitandukanye bibereye ijisho. [[File:Silverback.JPG|thumb|196x196px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu birunga (gabo na gore)</span>]] Ingagi zo mu birunga nk’ubundi bwoko bw’inguge, ziba mu mashyamba agwamo cyane imvura. Kereka [[impundu]] (''chimpanzé'') nizo zishobora gutura mu bice bya ''savannah'' (ubutaka buriho ibimera bigufi kandi imvura idakunda kugwaho cyane). Ingagi zibaho zimuka buri gihe kuko zicumbika ahantu zibasha kubona ibyo kurya. Ahanini zirya ibimera kandi zikabirya ari byinshi. Ingagi zigira amenyo ameze nk’aya'abantu, niyo mpamvu zishobora gukanja ibyatsi byinshi. Ingagi z’ingabo zikuze zigira amenyo manini zikoresha iyo ziri kurwana na zigenzi zazo . Iyi nkongi yibasiye iki gice cy’ishyamba yatangiye kuwa gatandatu nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibiro ntaramakuru by’u Rwanda ngo nta kintu kizwi neza kuba cyarateye iyi nkongi ariko ngo bishoboka kuba ari abavumvu bateye iyi nkongi ariko ngo nta numwe uratabwa muri yombi. Ibindi byerekana ko iyi nkongi yatewe n’uko ari ikirere cyateye iyi nkongi kuko hari hari ubushyuhe bwinshi. Mu mwaka wa 1978 nibwo umushinga gorille des Montagnes watangiye, maze ingagi zo mu birunga ziherereye mu gice cy’u Rwanda zitangira kumenyerezwa gusurwa naba mukerarugendo.Kuva 1973 kugeza 1989,umubare w’ingagi zo mu birunga wariyongereye ziva kuri 261 zigera kuri 324. Abantu bamwe bakeka ko ubukerarugendo bwaba bwaragize uruhare muri uku kwiyongera kw'ingagi. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Inyamabere]] hy92o6rxudiklx0a94lggtgz2iv18nn 0 4459 86144 77396 2022-08-16T00:43:53Z Stevenndori289 10902 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Windows Blue Screen on room full of computers.JPG|thumb|windows]] [[Dosiye:Squeak_51_morphic_interface_screenshot.png|thumb|'''Lojisiyeli zingenzi''']] '''Lojisiyeli zingenzi''' Nubwo lojisiyeli zimwe na zimwe ushobora kuzibona bitewe na sistemi yawe, ibi bireba gusa abantu bakoresha windows. [[Category:Mudasobwa]] ekbq1bfmhybfd3n71xcoxw38eyzr7m8 0 4462 86147 78425 2022-08-16T00:52:25Z Stevenndori289 10902 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:AVG_Similar_Icon.svg|thumb|AVG ]] AVG Similar Icon.svg|thumb|AVG Similar Icon]]'''AVG Basic''' ni ubuntu. Ubu bwoko ntabwo busaba urufunguzo bwo kubukoresha. Bitandukanye cyane na Avast ndetse na Avira, uburyo bwo kumenykanisha virus nshya ntabwo bwikora bisaba ngo abe ari wowe ubikora. [[Dosiye:AVG_Secure_Browser_Icon_(Similar).svg|thumb|AVG ]] [[Dosiye:How to scan device using ESET Mobile Security for Android.ogv|center|thumb|320x320px|scan device]] [[Category:Mudasobwa]] 96y6ar84ubqbr5ug6myhugwzr4a9v4o 0 4463 86143 76417 2022-08-16T00:39:21Z Stevenndori289 10902 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Avast_SecureLine_logo.png|thumb|Avast Antivirus]] '''Avast!''' kubayikoresha bonyine urahari. Uburo bwo kumenyekanisha za virus nshya birikora ubwa bwo. Ni ngombwa kwiyandikisha [[Dosiye:Avast_Mobile_Security_&_Antivirus.png|thumb|Avast Antivirus]] (kwiyandikisha by'ubuntu) hanyuma urufunguzo rwo kuyifungura rukoherzwa kuri email yawe. [[Category:Mudasobwa]] pos4tgx2tyr44y5nqic4vbxv1ji4lyv 0 4786 86148 78058 2022-08-16T00:55:58Z Stevenndori289 10902 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Idi Amin -Archives New Zealand AAWV 23583, KIRK1, 5(B), R23930288.jpg|thumb|upright|Idi Amin]] [[Dosiye:The_Late_Idi_Amin_Dada's_Presidential_Car.png|thumb|Imodoka ya Perezida wa Nyakwigendera Idi Amin Dada]] [[Dosiye:Idi_Amin_at_UN_(United_Nations,_New_York)_gtfy.00132_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Idi Amin ]] '''Idi Amin Dada''' (1925 – 16 Kanama 2003) Idi Amin Dada yayoboye Ubugande kuva 1971kugeza 1979. Dore amazina bamwitaga : Nyakubahwa, Perezida w’iteka (president a vie), Mareshal, Al Hadj Docteur Idi Amin Dada, Uwatwaye ubwami bw’Abongereza muri Africa cyane cyane muri [[Uganda]], n’andi mazina. Tubibutse ko kuri Id Amin Dada, iri zina Dada ngo ryaba rifitanye isano n’ukuntu yaba yarikundiraga abagore. Ngo bose yabitaga dada, bivuga mushiki mu rurimi rw’igiswayire. [[Category:Abagande]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] qw6sc1uo2p9ohhhizzup5rfg7r27q5l 0 4839 86150 79222 2022-08-16T06:27:39Z Mashkawat.ahsan 11166 videwo #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2019-02-02 Queens Rd, Coral Coast, Fiji.jpg|thumb|fiji]] '''Igifijiyani'''<ref>translationproject.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> cyangwa '''Igifiji'''<ref>download.jw.org</ref> (izina mu gifijiyani ''Na vosa vaka-Viti'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Fiji]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''fij'''. [[Dosiye:Flag of Fiji.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Fiji flag]] [[File:WIKITONGUES- Mila speaking Fijian.webm|thumb|Igifijiyani]] == Alfabeti y’igifijiyani == Igifijiyani kigizwe n’inyuguti 23 : '''a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u''' :indagi 18 : '''b c d f g j k l m n p q r s t v w y''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|y |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu gifijiyani == * '''Bula''' – Muraho * '''Bula vinaka''' – Murakaza neza * '''Vinaka''' – Murakoze * '''Vaka cava tiko?''' – Amakuru? * '''Vinaka tiko''' – Ni meza * '''O cei na yacamu?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Na yacaqu ko/o yau ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Io''' – Yego * '''Sega''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''dua''' – rimwe * '''rua''' – kabiri * '''tolu''' – gatatu * '''va''' – kane * '''lima''' – gatanu * '''ono''' – gatandatu * '''vitu''' – karindwi * '''walu''' – umunani * '''ciwa''' – icyenda * '''tini''' – icumi * '''tini ka dua''' – cumi na rimwe * '''tini ka rua''' – cumi na kaviri * '''tini ka tolu''' – cumi na gatatu * '''tini ka va''' – cumi na kane * '''tini ka lima''' – cumi na gatanu * '''tini ka ono''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''tini ka vitu''' – cumi na karindwi * '''tini ka walu''' – cumi n’umunani * '''tini ka ciwa''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''ruasagavulu''' cyangwa '''rua saga vulu''' – makumyabiri * '''ruasagavulu ka dua''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''ruasagavulu ka rua''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''ruasagavulu ka tolu''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''ruasagavulu ka va''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''ruasagavulu ka lima''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''ruasagavulu ka ono''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''ruasagavulu ka vitu''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''ruasagavulu ka walu''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''ruasagavulu ka ciwa''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''tolusagavulu''' – mirongo itatu * '''vasagavulu''' – mirongo ine * '''limasagavulu''' – mirongo itanu * '''onosagavulu''' – mirongo itandatu * '''vitusagavulu''' – mirongo irindwi * '''walusagavulu''' – mirongo inani * '''ciwasagavulu''' – mirongo cyenda * '''dua na drau''' – ijana == Wikipediya mu gifijiyani == *http://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabana_levu == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyawositoroneziya]] [[Category:Fiji]] pjhum9svly2kzkrm4u186n4o9igy7gp 0 6480 86116 82171 2022-08-15T13:42:29Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ديك في مزرعة، 10 مارس 2015 02.jpg|thumb|ubworozi bw`inkoko]] == Intangiriro == [[File:Florida chicken house.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ubworozi bw’inkoko</span>]] Muri rusange, ubworozi bw’inkoko zaba iz’amagi cyangwa se iz’inyama ntibusaba ahantu hanini ho kororera, bukaba bukemura ikibazo cy’ubutaka buke. Mu by’ukuri ubworozi bw’inkoko bukwiranye n’igihe tugezemo cyo kubyaza umusaruro mwinshi ubutaka buto dufite. Urebye ubworozi bw’inkoko, uburyo bifashisha mu cyaro naho bareka [[inkoko]] murugo zonyine ntibaziteho cyangwa zikitabwaho gacye.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/ubworozi_bw_inkoko.pdf</ref> ===Imishwi === [[File:Cornish Rock broiler chicks.JPG|thumb|Cornish Rock broiler chicks]] [[File:More chicks.jpg|thumb|More chicks]] Kuva ku munsi umwe kugeza ku byumweru 4, imishwi y’inkokoz’inyama igomba gushyirwa ahantu hashyushye. Kugira ngo ushyushye imishwi ushobora gukoresha imbabura, cyangwa se amatara y’amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe bugomba kuba buringaniye, atari bwinshi cyane, ariko na none atari buke cyane. Imishwi ubwayo irabikwereka. (a)Iyo hakonje cyane, imishwi yegera imbabura, (b) haba harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi imishwi igahunga imbabura. (c)Iyo hari umuyaga imishwi yigira uruhande rumwe, naho haba hari ubushyuhe buringaniye (d) imishwi ikaba imerewe neza yisanzuye nk’uko bigaragazwa n’igishushanyo gikurikira.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/ubworozi_bw_inkoko.pdf</ref> === inkoko zitanga inyama === [[File:Chicken - melbourne show 2005.jpg|thumb|Chicken - melbourne show 2005]] Ubworozi bw’inkoko z’inyama ni ubworozi bumara igihe gito cyane, bityo bukazanira uwabukoze inyungu ku buryo bwihuse. Inkoko z’inyama zariye neza zikabona n’ibya ngombwa byose zikeneye, zishobora gutanga umusaruro nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itanu gusa ! Ni ukuvuga mu gihe kitageze ku mezi abiri. Icyo gihe inkoko imwe uyibaze iba ipima ikilo n’igice (kg 1,5). === Inkoko zitera amagi === [[File:Industrial-Chicken-Coop.JPG|thumb|Industrial-Chicken-Coop]] Kuva ku cyumweru cya 20 kugeza inkoko zishaje, zirya ibiryo byagenewe inkoko zitera (Aliment super ponte). Mbere y’ibyumweru 2 ngo inkoko zitangire gutera, umworozi agomba gushyira mu nzu y’inkoko udusanduku zizateramo kugira ngo zizatangire gutera zaratumenyereye. Iyo inkoko zatangiye gutera, umworozi agomba kunyura mu nzu yazo nibura inshuro eshatu ku munsi kugira ngo akuremo amagi yatewe. Ubworozi bw’inkoko z’amagi burashimishije cyane. Nyuma y’amezi ane gusa, inkoko ziba zatangiye gutanga amagi. Inkoko imwe yatangiye gutera ishobora kugeza ku magi 320 ku mwaka, kandi ishobora kurenza umwaka itera. Amagi rero nta kibazo cyayo kuko igihe utabonye isoko ry’ako kanya ushobora kuyabika icyumweru kirenga mu bushobozi bwawe. == Ubworozi bw’Inkoko zitera amagi, aho ziba, kororoka, ibiryo byazo,umusaruro wazo<ref>https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=4259</ref> == ==== Aho ziba ==== • Inkoko zigomba kuba ahantu zisanzuye kandi hari urumuri n’umwuka bihagije. • Dore umwanya bateganya uko ugomba kuba ungana : • 1m² ku mishwi 20 (umunsi umwe kugeza ku minsi 30); • 1m² ku bigwana 10 (ukwezi kugeza ku mezi 5); • 1m² ku nkokokazi5 zitera ; • inkoko zigomba kugira urugo rwo gutemberamo ku zuba. Urwo rugo rugomba kuba ruzitiye kugira ngo zitajya hanze yarwo. ==== Kororoka ==== • Inkokokazi itangira gutera imaze amezi 5,5 ivutse ; • Irarira iminsi 21 ; • Inkokokazi ishobora gutera idafite isake, ariko igatera amahuri ; • Isake imwe irahagije ku nkokokazi 10 kugira ngo zitere amagi atari amahuri; Inkokokazi imaze umwaka itera igomba kuvanwa mu bworozi. ==== Igaburo ==== • Kugira ngo inkoko zikure neza kandi zitange amagi menshi, zigomba kugaburirwa neza; • Ku bashoboye kubona imvange, dore uko bagomba kuyitanga kuri buri nkoko, ku munsi: - Icyumweru cya 1 ivutse: gr 15 - Icyumweru cya 8: gr 50 - Icyumweru cya 20: gr 100 - Icyumweru cya 22: gr 120 - Inkoko itera: gr 130 ==== Umusaruro ==== • Inkoko yo mu bwoko bwa RIR (Rhode Island Red) ishobora gutera ku mwaka amagi 220 iyo yafashwe neza. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro w’amagi wa 60% ; • Inkoko yo mu bwoko Derco, iyo ifashwe neza ishobora gutera amagi 250 ku mwaka. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro wa 69% ku mwaka ; • Hari ubundi bwoko bushobora gutera amagi 300 ku mwaka, aha twavuga nka Warren ; [[Dosiye:Umusaruro w'inkoko z'amagi.jpg|thumb|umusaruro w'inkoko z'amagi]] • Inkoko isanzwe ya kinyarwanda ishobora gutera amagi 60 kugeza kuri 90 ku mwaka. Mu bwoko bwa kinyarwanda, hagenda habamo zimwe ziba nziza kuruta izindi. NB: Izi ngero zishobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n’akarere inkoko zirimo ndetse n’ubwoko bw’inkoko IBIRYO BIKENEWE KU NKOKO Z’INYAMA === Ibyiciro by’inkoko zitera amajyi === o Imishwi y’inko z’amagi igomba gushyirwa ahantu hashyushye (ushobora gukoresha imbabura, cyangwa se amashanyarazi). Ubushyuhe bukenewe ku nkoko z’inyama ni nabwo bukenewe ku nkoko z’amagi. o Ibigwana by’inkoko z’amagi Ni ukuva ku cyumweru cya cyenda kugeza ku cyumweru cya 20 Ni muri kiriya gihe inkoko zigomba gukurikiranwa, hagakorwa inking zose zabugenewe, isuku ikitabwaho ibiryo n’amazi nabyo bikaba bihagije. Inkoko zitangiye gutera amagi. • Kuva ku cyumweru cya 20 kugeza inkoko zishaje (hafi ku byumweru 80), • Mbere y’ibyumweru 2 ngo inkoko zitangire gutera, umworozi agomba gushyiramo udusanduka inkoko zizatereramo kugirango zizatangire gutera zaratumenyereye. • Iyo inkoko zatangiye gutera amagi , umworozi agomba kunyura mu nzu y’inkoko nibura incuro enye; mu gitondo mu masaa tatu; saa tanu; saa munani, no ku mugoroba mu ma saa kumi n’imwe, kugirango akuremo amagi inkoko zimaze gutera. • Gukuramo amagi inshuro nyinshi bituma zitayamena. Icyitonderwa: Iyi nyandiko tuyikesha Igitabo Agenda y'Umuhinzi cya 2018 cyateguwe na Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi == Ishakiro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20130704055259/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/758/2656 [[Category:Ubworozi]] qtb24idn1ykktecx7r7clkfom0czept 0 8561 86151 76256 2022-08-16T10:06:16Z Theatinus 11204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Antoinekambanda.jpg|250px|thumb|Antoine Kambanda|link=Special:FilePath/Antoinekambanda.jpg]] [[Dosiye:Antoine Kambanda.jpg|thumb|Cardinal Antoine Kambanda ]] '''Antoine Kambanda''' (wavutse ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1958) ni Umunyarwanda akaba n'Umuyobozi ukomeye muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] wabaye Arikiyepiskopi wa [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali]] ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 2018. Mbere yaho, guhera mu 2013 yari Umushumba wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kibungo|Diyosezi ya Kibungo]]. Ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2020, Papa Fransisko yatangaje ko azamuzamura ku ntera ya karidinari. Nuko mu ihuriro ryo ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020 iki gikorwa kiza kubera i Roma, aba [[:en:Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)|Karidinari]] wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/afrique/news/2020-12/kambanda-cardinal-le-pape-est-dans-les-peripheries.html Cardinal Kambanda : par mon cardinalat, « le Pape est dans les périphéries »] Vatican News (Mu Gifaransa) Ku wa 02 Ukuboza 2020. Byarebweho ku wa 09 Gashyantare 2021</ref> [[File:Coat of arms of Antoine Cardinal Kambanda, GCLJ.png|200px|thumb]] [[File:Coat of arms of Antoine Kambanda (cardinal).svg|200px|thumb]] [[File:Coat of arms of Antoine Kambanda.svg|200px|thumb]] == Ubuto bwe == Antoine Kambanda yavutse ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1958 mu Rwanda. Kubera Ivangura rishingiye ku moko, umuryango we wimukiye mu gihugu cy'Uburundi baza kwerekeza no muri Uganda, aho yize amashuri abanza, hanyuma yimukira muri Kenya, ari na ho yize amashuri yisumbuye. Nyuma yaje gusubira mu gihugu cye, aho yagiye mu Iseminari i Rutongo, [[Kigali]], (1983–1984) na Seminari Nkuru yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karori Borromeo ya Nyakibanda i [[Butare]] (1984–1990). Ku wa 8 Nzeri 1990, yahawe ubupadiri i Kabgayi na Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II. Kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1993 yabaye Uyobozi ushinzwe amasomo mu Iseminari nto ya Mutagatifu Visenti i Ndera, Kigali. Nyuma yerekeje mu ishuri rya Alphonsian Academy i Roma kuva mu 1993 kugeza 1999, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri tewolojiya. Ababyeyi be na batanu muri barumuna be batandatu, hamwe n’abandi bavandimwe n’inshuti benshi, bishwe mu 1994 muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Padiri == Kambanda yagizwe Umuyobozi wa Karitasi ya Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali mu 1999. Yaje kuba umuyobozi wa komite ishinzwe amajyambere ya Diyosezi ya Kigali, umuyobozi wa komisiyo ya "Ubutabera n’amahoro" ya diyosezi, akaba umwarimu wa tewolojiya y’imyitwarire muri Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda. Avuga mu 2004 Kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, Kambanda yemeye ko mu gihe bamwe mu bayobozi b'amadini gatolika bagerageje kurinda abaturage, abandi bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi. Kambanda yavuze ko ari ngombwa ko Kiliziya Gatolika ubwayo igomba kwiyubaka kugira ngo ihoshe ingaruka za Jenoside. Yavuze ati: "gukoresha isakramentu rya penetensiya mu kwiyunga no gukiza inzangano zishingiye ku moko no kwiyunga nawe ubwawe, hamwe n'Imana ndetse n'abandi, byagira akamaro mu guteza imbere kwizera kurangwa no kwizerana gutsinda ubwoba bw'undi." Muri Nzeri 2005, Karidinali Crescenzio Sepe yamugize umuyobozi wa seminari nkuru ya filozofiya iherereye muri Diyosezi Kabgayi. Ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2006, Kambanda yagizwe umuyobozi wa Seminari Nkuru yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Borromeo ya Nyakibanda. Yasimbuye Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Smaragde Mbonyintege, wari wagizwe umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Kabgayi. Muri Kamena 2011, yayoboye abanyarwanda benshi bagiye mu rugendo nyobokamana i Namugongo, muri Uganda, kugira ngo bifanyanye n'abandi bakirisitu mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’abamaritiri b'abakirisitu 45 bahindutse bishwe mu 1884 n'Umwami Mwanga wa II wa Buganda . Mu nyigisho ye, yavuze ko igitambo abahowe Imana batanze cyafashije cyane gukwirakwiza Ubukirisitu muri Afurika bereka abamisiyoneri ko abizera bazemera gupfa bazira ukwemera kwabo. == Musenyeri == Ku wa 7 Gicurasi 2013, Papa Fransisiko yagize Kambanda Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Kibungo. Yasimbuye Kizito Bahujimihigo, weguye muri Mutarama 2010 kubera "ibibazo bikomeye by’amafaranga" muri diyosezi ndetse n’ubwoba bw'uko amabanki yari agiye gufatira imwe mu mitungo ya Diyosezi kubera kutishyura imyenda. Inama y'Abepiskopi Gatolika bo mu Rwanda yamuhisemo ngo yitabire Sinodi y'Abepiskopi mu 2015. Ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2018, Papa Francis yamugize Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali. Ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2020, Papa Francis yatangaje ko azamuzamura ku ntera ya karidinari mu ihuriro riteganijwe ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020. Ku cyumweru cyo ku wa 01 Ugushyingo 2020, Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame yoherereje Antoine Kambanda ubutumwa bw'ishimwe ku bw'uwo mwanya yari atorewe aho yamugaragarije ibyishimo atewe n'urwego agezeho ndetse n'uruhare Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda ifite mu kuzamura imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'abanyarwanda.<ref>President Kagame congratulates Cardinal - Elect Antoine Kambanda https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-congratulates-cardinal-elect-antoine-kambanda</ref> ==Karidinali== I Roma ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020, ni bwo Papa Francis yagize Antoine Kambanda Umukaridinali. Ku Cyumweru tariki ya 06 Ukuboza 2020, mu Rwanda muri Kigali Arena habaye igitambo cya Misa cyo gushimira Imana yahaye u Rwanda Karidinali wa mbere mu mateka, ari we Karidinali Antoine Kambanda cyanitabiriwe na Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame.<ref>Perezida Kagame yitabiriye misa yo gushimira Imana yahaye u Rwanda Karidinali https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Perezida-Kagame-yitabiriye-misa-yo-gushimira-Imana-yahaye-u-Rwanda-Karidinali</ref> Ku wa 16 Ukuboza 2020 yaje gutorerwa kuba umwe mu bagize [[:en:Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples|ibiro bya Papa bishinzwe iyogezabutumwa bw'abantu ku isi.]] == Reba kandi == * Abakaridinali bashyizweho na Papa Fransisko == Reba == {{Reflist}} ==Inkomoko y'inyongera== * McElwee, Joshua J. (22 October 2015). "Rwandan bishop carries special concerns to synod in Rome". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 20 November 2018. [[Category:Rwanda]] mwn3nt9510p49gw4d94lq3ltx65x0j7 0 8683 86122 78591 2022-08-15T14:41:00Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikibindi.jpg|thumb|Ikibindi cyirimo inzoga ]] Umuco Nyarwanda ugizwe n'ibintu byinshi. Mu buryo butandukanye n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ni igihugu cyunze ubumwe kuva mu bihe bya mbere y’ubukoloni, gituwe n’abaturage b'[[:en:Banyarwanda|Abanyarwanda]] basangiye ururimi rumwe rw'Ikinyarwanda n’umurage ndangamuco. <ref>Prunier (1995), p. 15</ref> Mu Rwanda hizihizwa Iminsi mikuru inyuranye izwi buri mwaka ndetse n'indi rimwe na rimwe leta yinjizamo. Guhera ku wa 07 Mata kugeza ku wa 14 Mata buri mwaka ni Icyumweru cy'icyunamo cyo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ku wa Gatandatu wa nyuma wa buri kwezi ho haba [[:en:Umuganda|Umuganda]] rusange mu Gihugu hose. Uwo munsi wibanda ku bikorwa bigamije iterambere n'imibereho y'abaturage muri rusange kandi serivisi nyinshi zisanzwe zikora zirahagarika. == Umuziki n'imbyino == [[File:Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg|thumb|221x221px| Ababyinnyi gakondo b'abanyarwanda b'Intore]] [[File:Traditional_dance_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Imbyino gakondo mu Rwanda]] [[UMUZIKI|Umuziki]] n'imbyino ni ibice bikomeye bigize imihango y'u [[Rwanda]], iminsi mikuru, guhurira hamwe, hamwe no kubara inkuru. Imbyino gakondo izwi cyane ni ''Intore'', umwiyereko uzwi cyane ugizwe n'ibice bitatu -'''Itorero''', ribyinwamo abagore; '''imbyino y'intwari''', ikorwa n'abagabo n''''ingoma'''. Ubusanzwe, umuziki uhererekanywa hagati y'abantu mu buryo nyamvugo. Ingoma ni ingirakamaro cyane, abakaraza b'i Bwami babaga bafite agaciro gakomeye mu rugo rw'Umwami. Mu busanzwe, abakaraza bavuza ingoma bari mu matsinda agizwe n'abantu bari hagati ya barindwi n'umunani. Uruganda rw'umuziki mu Rwanda rurakura cyane muri iki gihe, rufatiye ku njyana zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, iz'abakongomani ndetse n'izo muri Amerika. Injyana zizwi cyane ni hip-hop, R&B ndetse rimwe na rimwe ragga na dance-pop. Abahanzi bazwi cyane bo mu Rwanda barimo : ''The Ben, [[:en:Meddy|Meddy]]'', bombi bagiye babona ibihembo binyuranye, n'abandi benshi nka [[:en:Miss_Shanel|Miss Shanel]], [[:en:Kitoko|Kitoko]], [[:en:Riderman_(rapper)|Riderman]], [[:en:Tom_Close|Tom Close]], [[:en:King_James_(singer)|King James]], [[:en:Mani_Martin|Mani Martin]], [[:en:Knowless_(singer)| Knowless]], na[[:en:Charly_na_Nina_(singers)| Charly na Nina]]. == Igikoni == [[File:Teke_bottle.JPG|thumb|300x300px| [[Inzoga]] zanywebwaga mu gicuma cyangwa ikibindi nk'iki mu mihango n'ibirori.]] Ibiryo byo mu Rwanda bishingiye ku biribwa by’ibanze bikomoka ku buhinzi gakondo. Mu mateka, ibijyanye n'imirire bigenda bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'abantu. Amfunguro yo mu Rwanda usanga akenshi arimo [[Umuneke|imineke]],ibitoki,amashaza, ibijumba, ibishyimbo, n'imyumbati. Abanyarwanda benshi barya [[inyama]] inshuro zitari nyinshi mu kwezi. Ku batuye hafi y'ibiyaga kandi bafite uko babona amafi, bakunze kurya iyitwa tilapiya. Ibirayi, bikekwa ko byinjijwe mu Rwanda n’abakoloni b’Abadage n’Ababiligi, ubu na byo birakunzwe cyane. [[Ubugari]] busonze mu myumbati cyangwa ibigori na bwo bukunze kuribwa cyane kimwe no bice bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. ''Isombe'' isekuye iva mu mababi y'imyumbati ''ikaranze'' ikunze kugaburwa hamwe n'amafi yumutse Ifunguro rya saa sita ni imvange igizwe nibintu byavuzwe haruguru bishobora kwiyongeraho inyama. Burusheti y'ihene, inka, inyama z'ingurube cyangwa amafi, ni byo bikunze kuribwa abantu batembereye. Mu cyaro, utubari twinshi tugira umucuruzi wa burusheti uba waguze ihene, akayibaga kandi akayotsa. Izo nyama azigaburana n'ibitoki bikaranze. Amata, cyane cyane ''ikivuguto'', akunze kunyobwa mu gihugu cyose. Ibindi binyobwa birimo inzoga gakondo yitwa ''urwagwa'' yenze mu bitoki n'ikigage cyo mu masaka, igaragara mu mihango n'ibirori gakondo. Inzoga zicuruzwa mu Rwanda zirimo Primus, Mützig, na Amstel. == Ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori == Ibikorwa by'Ubukorikori gakondo byagaragaraga mu gihugu hose, nubwo ibyinshi byifashishwaga mu mirimo inyuranye kuruta uko byari umuteguro.Ibitebo n'imbehe ni bimwe mu byari rusange mu Rwanda. Amajyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda azwiho imigongo, ubuhanzi budasanzwe bufitanye isano n'inka aho iyo migongo ikorwa mu mase yazo; amateka avuga ko iyi migongo yadutse igihe Gisaka yari ikiri ubwami bwigenga. Amase avanze n'ubutaka karemano bw'amabara atandukanye kandi asize mu tuntu dusa n'imisozi ishushanyije, bikora ishusho nziza. Ubundi buhanzei n'ubukorikori burimo ububumbyi, gushushanya no kubaza ibiti bikorwa ahanini n’abanyeshuri biga iby'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni bo mu Ishuri ry'Ubugeni ryo ku Nyundo, ishuri rukumbi ryabayeho mu Rwanda kuva mu 1959 kugeza na n'ubu. Gusa muri iyi minsi hari andi mashuri agenda ashingwa agamije guteza imbere ubuhanzi bw'iyumvabona. == Amazu == Hirya no hino ubona amazu ateye imbere atari yaba menshi cyane kandi n'igiciro ubwacyo cy'inzu usanga kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bw'abaturage. Abanshi mu bari mu migi usanga birwanaho ngo babone aho batura kuko hatari hajyaho uburyo buhamye bwo kubonera abantu bose amazu yo kubamo. Kugeza ubu, abatuye muri Kigali bihariye kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatuye mu mijyi muri rusange mu Rwanda. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry'amazu muri Kigali (2012-22) buvuga ko ugereranyije hakenewe muri rusange amazu 458,256, harimo amashya 344,068 akwiye kubakwa. Ibi bivuze ko hakenewe: -Amazu 43.436 yagenewe ibikorwa by'imibereho rusange (12,6%); -Amazu 186.163 ahendutse (54.1%); -Amazu 112.867 aciriritse (32.8%); -Amazu meza 1.601 ahwanye na (0.5%) muri Kigali honyine. Mu gihugu hose, nta bushakashatsi bwari bwakorwa ariko burimo gutegurwa. Ariko biteganyijwe ko hashobora kuba ubwikube kabiri bw'uburyo bihagaze muri Kigali. Ibyagezweho ubu byerekana ko hari ukwivugurura mu bijyanye n'igenamigambi, gukoresha ibikorerwa imbere mu gihugu cyane cyane ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi, uburenganzira bungana kuri buri wese. Bimwe mu byatumye kandi bigerwaho birimo: Kumenyekanisha ibikorwa, gukora inyigo, kugerageza imishinga imwe n'imwe ijyanye n'imiturire. Guteza imbere igenamigambi ry'imiturire n'imishinga igamije gutunganya imijyi bikomeje gushyirwamo ingufu kandi bizatuma hirindwa ihuzagurika mu gucunga imishinga y'iterambere n'igenamigambi rinozwe. N'ubwo hari imbogamizi zikiriho mu bijyanye n’amafaranga agenewe imiturire, uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo bwateye imbere binyuze mu gushyiraho inguzanyo z'igihe kirekire, kugabanya gato inyungu, uburyo bunyuranye kandi bworoshye mu bijyanye no kwishyura mbere, no kunoza Politiki yimiturire y'igihugu. == Guteza imbere imiturire == Guverinoma yihaye intego kongera urwego rujyanye n'ubufatanye n’iterambere ry’imiturire hagamijwe iterambere rirambye. Htangiye kandi gahunda yo kubaka inzu nshya zigezweho. Kwikorera ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi ni bimwe mu ngamba za leta, aha harimo nko gukora sima, amatafari atangiza ibidukikije, kwihaza mu bintu bitandukanye n'ibindi. [[Dosiye:Rwanda cultural house.jpg|thumb|Inzu yo hambere]] Mu Rwanda, Inzego zishinzwe imiturire n’ubwutatsi zikomeje kwiyubaka. == Ubuvanganzo na firime == U Rwanda ntirufite amateka maremare ajyanye n'[[Ubuvanganzo]] bwanditse, ariko hari ubuvangazo nyemvugo bikomeye bishingiye ku [[:en:Poetry|busizi.]] Mu buryo bwihariye mbere y'Ubukoloni, U Rwanda rwateje imbere [[Ibitekerezo]] (ubusizi n'umuziki gakondo), Ubucurabwenge (ibisekuruza by'abami bikunze ''kuvugwa'' mu mihango y'iyimikwa), Ibisigo (Ibisigo by'i Bwami). Ubundi indangagaciro n'ibindi bijyanye n'amateka byagiye hirerekanywa uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana. Umuntu uzwi cyane nk'umwanditsi w'amateka mu Rwanda ni [[:en:Alexis_Kagame|Alexis Kagame]] (1912 &#x2013; 1981), wakoze kandi atangaza ubushakashatsi ku muco gakondo ndetse no kwandika imivugo ye. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yatumye haboneka ibitabo by’inkuru z’abatangabuhamya, inyandiko n’ibitekerezo byanditswe n’igisekuru gishya cy’abanditsi nka Benjamin Sehene . Hakozwe amafilime atari make yerekeranye na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]], harimo nka Golden Globe yiswe ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' na ''Shooting Dogs''. == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Languages_of_Rwanda|Indimi zo mu Rwanda]] * [[:en:List_of_Rwandan_writers|Urutonde rwabanditsi b'Abanyarwanda]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|3}} * [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] po64rceicu2ctyra1a45rq8ls5a3p48 0 8717 86119 82520 2022-08-15T14:21:46Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubukerarugendo mu [[Rwanda]]''' ni isoko nini ryinjiza amadovize mu Rwanda kandi biteganijwe ko yiyongera ku gipimo cya 25% buri mwaka. Uru rwego nirwo rutanga umusanzu munini mubikorwa byigihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Amafaranga yinjiye muri 2014 yonyine yari miliyoni 305 USD. Uru rwego kandi rwashishikarije abashoramari Mpuzamahanga gushora imari ubwo nibwo havutse amahoteli mpuzamahanga nka Marriot Hotels &amp;amp; Resorts, Radisson Blu, Park Inn na Radisson, Hoteli Sheraton na Resorts, Protea Hotels na Marriott, GoldenTulip Hotels, na Zinc. Hamwe n’ikigo cyarwo u Rwanda rwahindutse ihuriro ry’akarere ndetse n’amahanga bitewe no kurushaho kunoza imitegurire y’inama mpuzamahanga, umuyoboro uhebuje kandi waguka, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwimuka mu buryo butaziguye nk’ubushobozi bwo gusaba viza kuri interineti, viza-kuri- politiki y'amarembo kubanyafurika bose, na politiki imwe ya viza y'ubukerarugendo kuri [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] . <ref>https://rdb.rw/investment-opportunities/invest-in-tourism/</ref> '''Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda''' buriyongera cyane. <ref>http://www.rwandatourism.com/test/contentdetail.php?tbl=press&serial=5</ref> Kugira ngo u [[Rwanda]] rushyirwe ku ikarita y'isi nk'ahantu nyaburanga h’ubukerarugendo, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda (RDB) cyasinyanye amasezerano y'ubufatanye bw'imyaka itatu n'ikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] i Londere, ikipe ya Arsenal, ndetse n'ubufatanye bw'imyaka ibiri n'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'igihangange Paris Saint-Saint Germain FC kugirango ifashe kubaka ubukerarugendo mu gihugu. Ibi byazamuye umubare rusange w'ubukerarugendo 8% nk'uko u Rwanda rubitangaza. <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201805230270.html</ref> == Ubukerarugendo bwo mu gasozi == [[Dosiye:A_tourism_car_-_Akagera_National_Park.jpg|thumb| Kuzenguruka muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike ya Akagera]]]] U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rufite ubwiza nyaburanga. U Rwanda rutuwe n’inyamaswa nini zitandukanye zirimo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi]] zo mu misozi ndetse na parike nini ku isi ya hippos hamwe n’abantu 20.000. Nubwo u Rwanda rukiri igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, rufite amahoteri atari make kandi inyungu mpuzamahanga nshya mu bukerarugendo zifasha kuzamuka mu bukungu. Imifuka ya plastiki irabujijwe mu Rwanda, kandi ba mukerarugendo basabwa kutayizana mu gihugu. == Ibikurura ba Mukerarugendo == === Parike y'Ibirunga === [[Dosiye:Mother_and_baby_mountain_gorillas._Volcanoes_National_Park,_Rwanda_(8159411404).jpg|thumb| Mama n'ingagi ingagi muri parike y'ibirunga]] [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’ibirunga]], igice cy'ibihugu bitatu bihuriye ku gace ka Virunga , muri Virunga harimo ihuriro ry’ingagi zose zo mu Rwanda kandi ziganjemo ubwoko bw'ingagi nyinshi zo mu misozi. Kuba iri hafi y'amasaha abiri uvuye kukibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali bituma parike y'igihugu y'ingagi igera cyane kwisi kuko bamukerarugendo biborohera kuhagera. Kugabana umupaka na Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bituma iyi pariki y'igihugu mu Rwanda ibamo umubare munini w'ingagi zo mu misozi zibangamiwe cyane. Abahanga bavuga ko muri parike hari ingagi zigera kuri 600, iyi ikaba ari iyiyongera rikomeye ku ngagi zigera kuri 240-250 mu 1981. <ref name=":0">https://www.planetware.com/rwanda/top-tourist-attractions-things-to-do-in-rwanda-rw-1-3.htm</ref> Usibye ingagi, Pariki y’ibirunga ni inzu y’inguge, inyoni zitandukanye, ibikururuka hasi, amphibian, n'ibindi biremwa byose hamwe bikora pariki yuzuye y'u Rwanda. Parike y'Ibirunga yitiriwe uruherekane rw'ibirunga bisinziriye bigizwe na Virunga; [[Ikirunga cya Bisoke|Bisoke]] n'ikiyaga cyacyo cyiza cyane, [[Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo|Sabyinyo]], [[Ikirunga cya Gahinga|Gahinga]], [[Ikirunga cya Muhabura|Muhabura]], na [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] . <ref name=":1" /> Gutembera muri Parike y'Ibirunga ubusanzwe bimara hagati y'amasaha ane n'umunani, inyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa mu gutembera mu mashyamba y'imigano, urwuri, n'ibishanga. Abayobora muri parike y'igihugu amaherezo bakugeza kuri imwe '''mumiryango yingagi ituwe.''' Ubusanzwe abashyitsi bamara isaha imwe bareba ibiremwa uko birya, bakita ku bana babyo, kandi bagasabana. === Pariki ya Nyungwe === Imwe mu mashyamba ya kera muri Afurika, Nyungwe, ni nziza cyane kandi ikungahaye ku binyabuzima bifite amoko 1068 y’ibimera, harimo amoko 140 ya orchide, ndetse n’ubwoko 322 bw’inyoni zirimo amababi atukura, hamwe n’amoko 75 y’inyamabere nka serval. injangwe, mongoose, [[Igihura|congo clawless otter]], n'ingwe n'izindi. Ba mukerarugendo benshi baza muri iri shyamba gukurikirana chimpanzees, hamwe nandi moko 12 y’ibinyabuzima, harimo [[Icyondi|n’inguge]] zavuye kuri Albertine Rift. Iyi pariki kandi ibamo urugendo rwomukirere, aho ugenda nko mu minota 90 uvuye mu kigo cya Uwinka. Abashyitsi bambuka ikiraro cya metero 91 z'uburebure kiri muri metero zirenga 50 hejuru y'ishyamba, bakabona urujijo rw'imisozi kure. === Ishyamba rya Gishwati === [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Ishyamba rya Gishwati]] ni igice cya pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura. Gishwati Concession iyobowe na Wilderness Safaris kubufatanye na Forest of Hope Association and Rwanda Development Board. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/gishwati-forest-national-park/</ref> Amacumbi yonyine aba muri parike ni Byiringiro Guest House ifite ibyumba hamwe n'inkambi. === Pariki y'igihugu ya Akagera === Ni urugendo ruri hafi y'amasaha abiri n'igice uvuye Kigali ugera kuri Parike ya Akagera. Iyobowe n’umuryango ny'afurika wita kuri parike, Parike ya Akagera iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda ifite kilometero kare 2500 (kimwe mu bishanga binini birinzwe muri Afurika yo hagati) igizwe n’ubutaka bwa Savannah. Iyi parike yitiriwe umugezi wa Kagera unyura ku rubibi rw'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]] . Uruzi rugaburira mu kiyaga cya Ihema no mu bindi biyaga bito muri parike no hafi yayo. Iyi pariki irinda ahantu nyaburanga muri savanna ya acacia nk'igihuru gifite ibyatsi byimeza hamwe nibiyaga icumi byo mu bishanga. Niho habamo [[inzovu]], giraffe, imparage, ingwe, impyisi, [[intare]], hamwe na antelopes nyinshi z'ibihuru, topis, oribis, amazi-buck, antelope, duiker, klipspringer, impala, na antelope na cape eland. Abashyitsi bashobora kureba imvubu ningona za Nil zirwanira ku zuba hafi y'ikiyaga cy' Ihema. Ibinyabuzima bisanzwe muri parike y'igihugu y'Akagera ni olive babons , inguge za vervet, inkende [[Inkima|z'ubururu]], hamwe nabana bato bazo. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi kubona ibidukikije kuva mubibaya bya savanna, mu bishanga, no mu biyaga. <ref>https://www.kabiraugandasafaris.com/akagera-national-park-rwanda.html</ref> === Ikiyaga cya Kivu === [[Dosiye:Ikiyaga cya Kivu.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] Ubuso bw'amazi kuri kilometero kare 2.700 , ikiyaga cya Kivu nicyo kiyaga kinini cy'u Rwanda kandi kikaba icya gatandatu muri Afurika. <ref name=":2">https://www.visitrwanda.com/destinations/lake-kivu/</ref> Imisozi ihanamye, itera amaterasi igana ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cyiza ndetse no mu mijyi ya [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], Kibuye, na Cyangugu . Iyi mijyi mito ikora kubirunga hamwe na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] . <ref>https://www.sunsafaris.com/safari/rwanda/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite amazi meza . Ikiyaga cya Kivu kizwi kandi nka kimwe mu biyaga bifite umutekano muri Afurika kandi nta nyamaswa zangiza nk'imvubu cyangwa ingona. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite kandi ibirwa amagana. Ikirwa kizwi cyane mu kiyaga cya Kivu ni ikirwa cya Napoleon hanze ya [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] ni ahantu ho kubungabunga ibidukikije kandi hakaba ari hamwe hari ibiti byera imbuto. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> === Inzira ya Nili === Inzira ya Kongo Nil ni inzira yo gutembera no gutwara ku nkombe z'imisozi <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/biking-the-congo-nile-trail-complete-guide/</ref> Nili igabanya Rusizi na Rubavu. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/hiking-the-congo-nile-trail-the-complete-guide/</ref> Buri cyiciro gifata umunsi umwe kugirango kirangire kandi hariho ibiryo nicumbi kumpera ya buri cyiciro. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/congo-nile-trail/</ref> Inzira ya Congo Nile inyura ahantu heza h'ikiyaga cya Kivu no ku misozi y'icyatsi kibisi. Inzira inyura mu mijyi 5, [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]], [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]], [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]], [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] na [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] . Inzira ya Congo Nile nayo inyura kuri 2 muri parike 5 z'u [[Rwanda]]; [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Gishwati-Mukura]] === Inzu Ndangamurage y'umwami === Inzu ndangamurage ya King's Palace Museum, ikaba ari imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani zo mu Rwanda, hari [[INYAMBO|inka z'inyambo]] zimenyerewe ku mahembe manini atangaje zifitiye. Umunsi wose abaririmbyi gakondo baririmbira inka muburyo bworoshye bakavuga imivugo, umuhango wihariye w'u [[Rwanda]].Inzu ndangamurage yerekana kopi y'ingoro y'umwami kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 ifite igisenge kibiti, akazu k'umwami, n'akazu keza k'amata gakondo gakorwamo n'umugore utarashatse.Ba mukerarugendo bashobora kandi gushakisha inzu y'ubukoroni yahoze ibamo umwami King Mutara wa III Rudahigwa hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere gihuza imiterere y'u Rwanda n'ibikoresho byo mu Burayi (bimwe muri byo byari iby'umwami).[[Dosiye:Biking_the_Congo_Nile_Trail.jpg|left|thumb| Amagare ku kayira ka Nili hafi ya Kinunu]] === Inzu Ndangamurage === Kimwe mu byegeranyo byiza by'Afurika byakusanyirijwe mu moko atandukanye ndetse no mu bihe bya kera mushobora kubisanga mu nzu ndangamurage y’u Rwanda, iherereye mu birometero 130 mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]] mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] . [[Ububiligi]] bwahaye inzu ndangamurage uyu mujyi mu 1989 mu rwego rwo kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka 25 u Rwanda rwigenga .Ingoro ndangamurage isubiza abashyitsi mugihe cyo hambere cy'abakoloni. Ububiko bugizwe nicyegeranyo cy'ibiseke, imyenda gakondo ikozwe mu mpu z'inyamaswa, amacumu y'ibyatsi n'imiheto, ingoma z'umuziki kuva mu binyejana byashize, n'ibikoresho byo guhinga bishaje.Abashyitsi bashobora gukandagira mu nzu y'umwami kandi bakamenya uko y'ubatswe. Inzu ndangamurage kandi yakira imyiyerekano y'ubukorikori . === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside === [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] i [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gisozi]] niho hashyinguwe imiri 250.000. Uru rwibutso rugamije kwigisha uburyo itsembabwoko ryakorewe [[abatutsi]] ryakozwe. hari urukuta rw'amazina rweguriwe abahashyinguwe, nubwo benshi mu bahitanywe na jenoside batazwi kandi amazina akaba ataraboneka, bityo biracyari umurimo urimo gukorwa. Ubusitani bw'urwibutso butanga umwanya wo gutekereza ku mateka ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Mu gihe urwibutso runini ruri i Kigali, itsembabwoko ryakoze ku mpande zose z'u [[Rwanda]], kandi hari inzibutso nyinshi ziri mu gihugu hose. <ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/interests/kigali-genocide-memorial/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 7yqy2efaiubxf6xayiq90vfl296bae0 86120 86119 2022-08-15T14:27:46Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubukerarugendo mu [[Rwanda]]''' ni isoko nini ryinjiza amadovize mu Rwanda kandi biteganijwe ko yiyongera ku gipimo cya 25% buri mwaka. Uru rwego nirwo rutanga umusanzu munini mubikorwa byigihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Amafaranga yinjiye muri 2014 yonyine yari miliyoni 305 USD. Uru rwego kandi rwashishikarije abashoramari Mpuzamahanga gushora imari ubwo nibwo havutse amahoteli mpuzamahanga nka Marriot Hotels &amp;amp; Resorts, Radisson Blu, Park Inn na Radisson, Hoteli Sheraton na Resorts, Protea Hotels na Marriott, GoldenTulip Hotels, na Zinc. Hamwe n’ikigo cyarwo u Rwanda rwahindutse ihuriro ry’akarere ndetse n’amahanga bitewe no kurushaho kunoza imitegurire y’inama mpuzamahanga, umuyoboro uhebuje kandi waguka, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwimuka mu buryo butaziguye nk’ubushobozi bwo gusaba viza kuri interineti, viza-kuri- politiki y'amarembo kubanyafurika bose, na politiki imwe ya viza y'ubukerarugendo kuri [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] . <ref>https://rdb.rw/investment-opportunities/invest-in-tourism/</ref> '''Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda''' buriyongera cyane. <ref>http://www.rwandatourism.com/test/contentdetail.php?tbl=press&serial=5</ref> Kugira ngo u [[Rwanda]] rushyirwe ku ikarita y'isi nk'ahantu nyaburanga h’ubukerarugendo, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda (RDB) cyasinyanye amasezerano y'ubufatanye bw'imyaka itatu n'ikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] i Londere, ikipe ya Arsenal, ndetse n'ubufatanye bw'imyaka ibiri n'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'igihangange Paris Saint-Saint Germain FC kugirango ifashe kubaka ubukerarugendo mu gihugu. Ibi byazamuye umubare rusange w'ubukerarugendo 8% nk'uko u Rwanda rubitangaza. <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201805230270.html</ref> == Ubukerarugendo bwo mu gasozi == [[Dosiye:A_tourism_car_-_Akagera_National_Park.jpg|thumb| Kuzenguruka muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike ya Akagera]]]] U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rufite ubwiza nyaburanga. U Rwanda rutuwe n’inyamaswa nini zitandukanye zirimo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi]] zo mu misozi ndetse na parike nini ku isi ya hippos hamwe n’abantu 20.000. Nubwo u Rwanda rukiri igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, rufite amahoteri atari make kandi inyungu mpuzamahanga nshya mu bukerarugendo zifasha kuzamuka mu bukungu. Imifuka ya plastiki irabujijwe mu Rwanda, kandi ba mukerarugendo basabwa kutayizana mu gihugu. == Ibikurura ba Mukerarugendo == === Parike y'Ibirunga === [[Dosiye:Mother_and_baby_mountain_gorillas._Volcanoes_National_Park,_Rwanda_(8159411404).jpg|thumb| Mama n'ingagi ingagi muri parike y'ibirunga]] [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’ibirunga]], igice cy'ibihugu bitatu bihuriye ku gace ka Virunga , muri Virunga harimo ihuriro ry’ingagi zose zo mu Rwanda kandi ziganjemo ubwoko bw'ingagi nyinshi zo mu misozi. Kuba iri hafi y'amasaha abiri uvuye kukibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali bituma parike y'igihugu y'ingagi igera cyane kwisi kuko bamukerarugendo biborohera kuhagera. Kugabana umupaka na Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bituma iyi pariki y'igihugu mu Rwanda ibamo umubare munini w'ingagi zo mu misozi zibangamiwe cyane. Abahanga bavuga ko muri parike hari ingagi zigera kuri 600, iyi ikaba ari iyiyongera rikomeye ku ngagi zigera kuri 240-250 mu 1981. <ref name=":0">https://www.planetware.com/rwanda/top-tourist-attractions-things-to-do-in-rwanda-rw-1-3.htm</ref> Usibye ingagi, Pariki y’ibirunga ni inzu y’inguge, inyoni zitandukanye, ibikururuka hasi, amphibian, n'ibindi biremwa byose hamwe bikora pariki yuzuye y'u Rwanda. Parike y'Ibirunga yitiriwe uruherekane rw'ibirunga bisinziriye bigizwe na Virunga; [[Ikirunga cya Bisoke|Bisoke]] n'ikiyaga cyacyo cyiza cyane, [[Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo|Sabyinyo]], [[Ikirunga cya Gahinga|Gahinga]], [[Ikirunga cya Muhabura|Muhabura]], na [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] . <ref name=":1" /> Gutembera muri Parike y'Ibirunga ubusanzwe bimara hagati y'amasaha ane n'umunani, inyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa mu gutembera mu mashyamba y'imigano, urwuri, n'ibishanga. Abayobora muri parike y'igihugu amaherezo bakugeza kuri imwe '''mumiryango yingagi ituwe.''' Ubusanzwe abashyitsi bamara isaha imwe bareba ibiremwa uko birya, bakita ku bana babyo, kandi bagasabana. === Pariki ya Nyungwe === Imwe mu mashyamba ya kera muri Afurika, Nyungwe, ni nziza cyane kandi ikungahaye ku binyabuzima bifite amoko 1068 y’ibimera, harimo amoko 140 ya orchide, ndetse n’ubwoko 322 bw’inyoni zirimo amababi atukura, hamwe n’amoko 75 y’inyamabere nka serval. injangwe, mongoose, [[Igihura|congo clawless otter]], n'ingwe n'izindi. Ba mukerarugendo benshi baza muri iri shyamba gukurikirana chimpanzees, hamwe nandi moko 12 y’ibinyabuzima, harimo [[Icyondi|n’inguge]] zavuye kuri Albertine Rift. Iyi pariki kandi ibamo urugendo rwomukirere, aho ugenda nko mu minota 90 uvuye mu kigo cya Uwinka. Abashyitsi bambuka ikiraro cya metero 91 z'uburebure kiri muri metero zirenga 50 hejuru y'ishyamba, bakabona urujijo rw'imisozi kure. === Ishyamba rya Gishwati === [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Ishyamba rya Gishwati]] ni igice cya pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura. Gishwati Concession iyobowe na Wilderness Safaris kubufatanye na Forest of Hope Association and Rwanda Development Board. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/gishwati-forest-national-park/</ref> Amacumbi yonyine aba muri parike ni Byiringiro Guest House ifite ibyumba hamwe n'inkambi. === Pariki y'igihugu ya Akagera === Ni urugendo ruri hafi y'amasaha abiri n'igice uvuye Kigali ugera kuri Parike ya Akagera. Iyobowe n’umuryango ny'afurika wita kuri parike, Parike ya Akagera iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda ifite kilometero kare 2500 (kimwe mu bishanga binini birinzwe muri Afurika yo hagati) igizwe n’ubutaka bwa Savannah. Iyi parike yitiriwe umugezi wa Kagera unyura ku rubibi rw'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]] . Uruzi rugaburira mu kiyaga cya Ihema no mu bindi biyaga bito muri parike no hafi yayo. Iyi pariki irinda ahantu nyaburanga muri savanna ya acacia nk'igihuru gifite ibyatsi byimeza hamwe nibiyaga icumi byo mu bishanga. Niho habamo [[inzovu]], giraffe, imparage, ingwe, impyisi, [[intare]], hamwe na antelopes nyinshi z'ibihuru, topis, oribis, amazi-buck, antelope, duiker, klipspringer, impala, na antelope na cape eland. Abashyitsi bashobora kureba imvubu ningona za Nil zirwanira ku zuba hafi y'ikiyaga cy' Ihema. Ibinyabuzima bisanzwe muri parike y'igihugu y'Akagera ni olive babons , inguge za vervet, inkende [[Inkima|z'ubururu]], hamwe nabana bato bazo. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi kubona ibidukikije kuva mubibaya bya savanna, mu bishanga, no mu biyaga. <ref>https://www.kabiraugandasafaris.com/akagera-national-park-rwanda.html</ref> === Ikiyaga cya Kivu === [[Dosiye:Ikiyaga cya Kivu.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] Ubuso bw'amazi kuri kilometero kare 2.700 , ikiyaga cya Kivu nicyo kiyaga kinini cy'u Rwanda kandi kikaba icya gatandatu muri Afurika. <ref name=":2">https://www.visitrwanda.com/destinations/lake-kivu/</ref> Imisozi ihanamye, itera amaterasi igana ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cyiza ndetse no mu mijyi ya [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], Kibuye, na Cyangugu . Iyi mijyi mito ikora kubirunga hamwe na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] . <ref>https://www.sunsafaris.com/safari/rwanda/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite amazi meza . Ikiyaga cya Kivu kizwi kandi nka kimwe mu biyaga bifite umutekano muri Afurika kandi nta nyamaswa zangiza nk'imvubu cyangwa ingona. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite kandi ibirwa amagana. Ikirwa kizwi cyane mu kiyaga cya Kivu ni ikirwa cya Napoleon hanze ya [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] ni ahantu ho kubungabunga ibidukikije kandi hakaba ari hamwe hari ibiti byera imbuto. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> === Inzira ya Nili === Inzira ya Kongo Nil ni inzira yo gutembera no gutwara ku nkombe z'imisozi <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/biking-the-congo-nile-trail-complete-guide/</ref> Nili igabanya Rusizi na Rubavu. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/hiking-the-congo-nile-trail-the-complete-guide/</ref> Buri cyiciro gifata umunsi umwe kugirango kirangire kandi hariho ibiryo nicumbi kumpera ya buri cyiciro. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/congo-nile-trail/</ref> Inzira ya Congo Nile inyura ahantu heza h'ikiyaga cya Kivu no ku misozi y'icyatsi kibisi. Inzira inyura mu mijyi 5, [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]], [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]], [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]], [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] na [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] . Inzira ya Congo Nile nayo inyura kuri 2 muri parike 5 z'u [[Rwanda]]; [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Gishwati-Mukura]] === Inzu Ndangamurage y'umwami === Inzu ndangamurage ya King's Palace Museum, ikaba ari imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani zo mu Rwanda, hari [[INYAMBO|inka z'inyambo]] zimenyerewe ku mahembe manini atangaje zifitiye. Umunsi wose abaririmbyi gakondo baririmbira inka muburyo bworoshye bakavuga imivugo, umuhango wihariye w'u [[Rwanda]].Inzu ndangamurage yerekana kopi y'ingoro y'umwami kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 ifite igisenge kibiti, akazu k'umwami, n'akazu keza k'amata gakondo gakorwamo n'umugore utarashatse.Ba mukerarugendo bashobora kandi gushakisha inzu y'ubukoroni yahoze ibamo umwami King Mutara wa III Rudahigwa hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere gihuza imiterere y'u Rwanda n'ibikoresho byo mu Burayi (bimwe muri byo byari iby'umwami).[[Dosiye:Biking_the_Congo_Nile_Trail.jpg|left|thumb| Amagare ku kayira ka Nili hafi ya Kinunu]] === Inzu Ndangamurage === Kimwe mu byegeranyo byiza by'Afurika byakusanyirijwe mu moko atandukanye ndetse no mu bihe bya kera mushobora kubisanga mu nzu ndangamurage y’u Rwanda, iherereye mu birometero 130 mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]] mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] . [[Ububiligi]] bwahaye inzu ndangamurage uyu mujyi mu 1989 mu rwego rwo kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka 25 u Rwanda rwigenga .Ingoro ndangamurage isubiza abashyitsi mugihe cyo hambere cy'abakoloni. Ububiko bugizwe nicyegeranyo cy'ibiseke, imyenda gakondo ikozwe mu mpu z'inyamaswa, amacumu y'ibyatsi n'imiheto, ingoma z'umuziki kuva mu binyejana byashize, n'ibikoresho byo guhinga bishaje.Abashyitsi bashobora gukandagira mu nzu y'umwami kandi bakamenya uko y'ubatswe. Inzu ndangamurage kandi yakira imyiyerekano y'ubukorikori . === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside === [[Dosiye:Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] i [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gisozi]] niho hashyinguwe imiri 250.000. Uru rwibutso rugamije kwigisha uburyo itsembabwoko ryakorewe [[abatutsi]] ryakozwe. hari urukuta rw'amazina rweguriwe abahashyinguwe, nubwo benshi mu bahitanywe na jenoside batazwi kandi amazina akaba ataraboneka, bityo biracyari umurimo urimo gukorwa. Ubusitani bw'urwibutso butanga umwanya wo gutekereza ku mateka ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Mu gihe urwibutso runini ruri i Kigali, itsembabwoko ryakoze ku mpande zose z'u [[Rwanda]], kandi hari inzibutso nyinshi ziri mu gihugu hose. <ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/interests/kigali-genocide-memorial/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] n45s131tioq96hw02wzavnbdoo1kxhj 86121 86120 2022-08-15T14:31:40Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubukerarugendo mu [[Rwanda]]''' ni isoko nini ryinjiza amadovize mu Rwanda kandi biteganijwe ko yiyongera ku gipimo cya 25% buri mwaka. Uru rwego nirwo rutanga umusanzu munini mubikorwa byigihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Amafaranga yinjiye muri 2014 yonyine yari miliyoni 305 USD. Uru rwego kandi rwashishikarije abashoramari Mpuzamahanga gushora imari ubwo nibwo havutse amahoteli mpuzamahanga nka Marriot Hotels &amp;amp; Resorts, Radisson Blu, Park Inn na Radisson, Hoteli Sheraton na Resorts, Protea Hotels na Marriott, GoldenTulip Hotels, na Zinc. Hamwe n’ikigo cyarwo u Rwanda rwahindutse ihuriro ry’akarere ndetse n’amahanga bitewe no kurushaho kunoza imitegurire y’inama mpuzamahanga, umuyoboro uhebuje kandi waguka, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwimuka mu buryo butaziguye nk’ubushobozi bwo gusaba viza kuri interineti, viza-kuri- politiki y'amarembo kubanyafurika bose, na politiki imwe ya viza y'ubukerarugendo kuri [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] . <ref>https://rdb.rw/investment-opportunities/invest-in-tourism/</ref> '''Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda''' buriyongera cyane. <ref>http://www.rwandatourism.com/test/contentdetail.php?tbl=press&serial=5</ref> Kugira ngo u [[Rwanda]] rushyirwe ku ikarita y'isi nk'ahantu nyaburanga h’ubukerarugendo, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda (RDB) cyasinyanye amasezerano y'ubufatanye bw'imyaka itatu n'ikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] i Londere, ikipe ya Arsenal, ndetse n'ubufatanye bw'imyaka ibiri n'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'igihangange Paris Saint-Saint Germain FC kugirango ifashe kubaka ubukerarugendo mu gihugu. Ibi byazamuye umubare rusange w'ubukerarugendo 8% nk'uko u Rwanda rubitangaza. <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201805230270.html</ref> == Ubukerarugendo bwo mu gasozi == [[Dosiye:A_tourism_car_-_Akagera_National_Park.jpg|thumb| Kuzenguruka muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike ya Akagera]]]] U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rufite ubwiza nyaburanga. U Rwanda rutuwe n’inyamaswa nini zitandukanye zirimo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi]] zo mu misozi ndetse na parike nini ku isi ya hippos hamwe n’abantu 20.000. Nubwo u Rwanda rukiri igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, rufite amahoteri atari make kandi inyungu mpuzamahanga nshya mu bukerarugendo zifasha kuzamuka mu bukungu. Imifuka ya plastiki irabujijwe mu Rwanda, kandi ba mukerarugendo basabwa kutayizana mu gihugu. == Ibikurura ba Mukerarugendo == === Parike y'Ibirunga === [[Dosiye:Mother_and_baby_mountain_gorillas._Volcanoes_National_Park,_Rwanda_(8159411404).jpg|thumb| Mama n'ingagi ingagi muri parike y'ibirunga]] [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’ibirunga]], igice cy'ibihugu bitatu bihuriye ku gace ka Virunga , muri Virunga harimo ihuriro ry’ingagi zose zo mu Rwanda kandi ziganjemo ubwoko bw'ingagi nyinshi zo mu misozi. Kuba iri hafi y'amasaha abiri uvuye kukibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali bituma parike y'igihugu y'ingagi igera cyane kwisi kuko bamukerarugendo biborohera kuhagera. Kugabana umupaka na Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bituma iyi pariki y'igihugu mu Rwanda ibamo umubare munini w'ingagi zo mu misozi zibangamiwe cyane. Abahanga bavuga ko muri parike hari ingagi zigera kuri 600, iyi ikaba ari iyiyongera rikomeye ku ngagi zigera kuri 240-250 mu 1981. <ref name=":0">https://www.planetware.com/rwanda/top-tourist-attractions-things-to-do-in-rwanda-rw-1-3.htm</ref> Usibye ingagi, Pariki y’ibirunga ni inzu y’inguge, inyoni zitandukanye, ibikururuka hasi, amphibian, n'ibindi biremwa byose hamwe bikora pariki yuzuye y'u Rwanda. Parike y'Ibirunga yitiriwe uruherekane rw'ibirunga bisinziriye bigizwe na Virunga; [[Ikirunga cya Bisoke|Bisoke]] n'ikiyaga cyacyo cyiza cyane, [[Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo|Sabyinyo]], [[Ikirunga cya Gahinga|Gahinga]], [[Ikirunga cya Muhabura|Muhabura]], na [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] . <ref name=":1" /> Gutembera muri Parike y'Ibirunga ubusanzwe bimara hagati y'amasaha ane n'umunani, inyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa mu gutembera mu mashyamba y'imigano, urwuri, n'ibishanga. Abayobora muri parike y'igihugu amaherezo bakugeza kuri imwe '''mumiryango yingagi ituwe.''' Ubusanzwe abashyitsi bamara isaha imwe bareba ibiremwa uko birya, bakita ku bana babyo, kandi bagasabana. === Pariki ya Nyungwe === Imwe mu mashyamba ya kera muri Afurika, Nyungwe, ni nziza cyane kandi ikungahaye ku binyabuzima bifite amoko 1068 y’ibimera, harimo amoko 140 ya orchide, ndetse n’ubwoko 322 bw’inyoni zirimo amababi atukura, hamwe n’amoko 75 y’inyamabere nka serval. injangwe, mongoose, [[Igihura|congo clawless otter]], n'ingwe n'izindi. Ba mukerarugendo benshi baza muri iri shyamba gukurikirana chimpanzees, hamwe nandi moko 12 y’ibinyabuzima, harimo [[Icyondi|n’inguge]] zavuye kuri Albertine Rift. Iyi pariki kandi ibamo urugendo rwomukirere, aho ugenda nko mu minota 90 uvuye mu kigo cya Uwinka. Abashyitsi bambuka ikiraro cya metero 91 z'uburebure kiri muri metero zirenga 50 hejuru y'ishyamba, bakabona urujijo rw'imisozi kure. === Ishyamba rya Gishwati === [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Ishyamba rya Gishwati]] ni igice cya pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura. Gishwati Concession iyobowe na Wilderness Safaris kubufatanye na Forest of Hope Association and Rwanda Development Board. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/gishwati-forest-national-park/</ref> Amacumbi yonyine aba muri parike ni Byiringiro Guest House ifite ibyumba hamwe n'inkambi. === Pariki y'igihugu ya Akagera === [[Dosiye:Akagera park.jpg|thumb|Parike y'Akagera]] Ni urugendo ruri hafi y'amasaha abiri n'igice uvuye Kigali ugera kuri Parike ya Akagera. Iyobowe n’umuryango ny'afurika wita kuri parike, Parike ya Akagera iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda ifite kilometero kare 2500 (kimwe mu bishanga binini birinzwe muri Afurika yo hagati) igizwe n’ubutaka bwa Savannah. Iyi parike yitiriwe umugezi wa Kagera unyura ku rubibi rw'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]] . Uruzi rugaburira mu kiyaga cya Ihema no mu bindi biyaga bito muri parike no hafi yayo. Iyi pariki irinda ahantu nyaburanga muri savanna ya acacia nk'igihuru gifite ibyatsi byimeza hamwe nibiyaga icumi byo mu bishanga. Niho habamo [[inzovu]], giraffe, imparage, ingwe, impyisi, [[intare]], hamwe na antelopes nyinshi z'ibihuru, topis, oribis, amazi-buck, antelope, duiker, klipspringer, impala, na antelope na cape eland. Abashyitsi bashobora kureba imvubu ningona za Nil zirwanira ku zuba hafi y'ikiyaga cy' Ihema. Ibinyabuzima bisanzwe muri parike y'igihugu y'Akagera ni olive babons , inguge za vervet, inkende [[Inkima|z'ubururu]], hamwe nabana bato bazo. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi kubona ibidukikije kuva mubibaya bya savanna, mu bishanga, no mu biyaga. <ref>https://www.kabiraugandasafaris.com/akagera-national-park-rwanda.html</ref> === Ikiyaga cya Kivu === [[Dosiye:Ikiyaga cya Kivu.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] Ubuso bw'amazi kuri kilometero kare 2.700 , ikiyaga cya Kivu nicyo kiyaga kinini cy'u Rwanda kandi kikaba icya gatandatu muri Afurika. <ref name=":2">https://www.visitrwanda.com/destinations/lake-kivu/</ref> Imisozi ihanamye, itera amaterasi igana ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cyiza ndetse no mu mijyi ya [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], Kibuye, na Cyangugu . Iyi mijyi mito ikora kubirunga hamwe na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] . <ref>https://www.sunsafaris.com/safari/rwanda/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite amazi meza . Ikiyaga cya Kivu kizwi kandi nka kimwe mu biyaga bifite umutekano muri Afurika kandi nta nyamaswa zangiza nk'imvubu cyangwa ingona. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite kandi ibirwa amagana. Ikirwa kizwi cyane mu kiyaga cya Kivu ni ikirwa cya Napoleon hanze ya [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] ni ahantu ho kubungabunga ibidukikije kandi hakaba ari hamwe hari ibiti byera imbuto. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> === Inzira ya Nili === Inzira ya Kongo Nil ni inzira yo gutembera no gutwara ku nkombe z'imisozi <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/biking-the-congo-nile-trail-complete-guide/</ref> Nili igabanya Rusizi na Rubavu. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/hiking-the-congo-nile-trail-the-complete-guide/</ref> Buri cyiciro gifata umunsi umwe kugirango kirangire kandi hariho ibiryo nicumbi kumpera ya buri cyiciro. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/congo-nile-trail/</ref> Inzira ya Congo Nile inyura ahantu heza h'ikiyaga cya Kivu no ku misozi y'icyatsi kibisi. Inzira inyura mu mijyi 5, [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]], [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]], [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]], [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] na [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] . Inzira ya Congo Nile nayo inyura kuri 2 muri parike 5 z'u [[Rwanda]]; [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Gishwati-Mukura]] === Inzu Ndangamurage y'umwami === Inzu ndangamurage ya King's Palace Museum, ikaba ari imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani zo mu Rwanda, hari [[INYAMBO|inka z'inyambo]] zimenyerewe ku mahembe manini atangaje zifitiye. Umunsi wose abaririmbyi gakondo baririmbira inka muburyo bworoshye bakavuga imivugo, umuhango wihariye w'u [[Rwanda]].Inzu ndangamurage yerekana kopi y'ingoro y'umwami kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 ifite igisenge kibiti, akazu k'umwami, n'akazu keza k'amata gakondo gakorwamo n'umugore utarashatse.Ba mukerarugendo bashobora kandi gushakisha inzu y'ubukoroni yahoze ibamo umwami King Mutara wa III Rudahigwa hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere gihuza imiterere y'u Rwanda n'ibikoresho byo mu Burayi (bimwe muri byo byari iby'umwami).[[Dosiye:Biking_the_Congo_Nile_Trail.jpg|left|thumb| Amagare ku kayira ka Nili hafi ya Kinunu]] === Inzu Ndangamurage === Kimwe mu byegeranyo byiza by'Afurika byakusanyirijwe mu moko atandukanye ndetse no mu bihe bya kera mushobora kubisanga mu nzu ndangamurage y’u Rwanda, iherereye mu birometero 130 mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]] mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] . [[Ububiligi]] bwahaye inzu ndangamurage uyu mujyi mu 1989 mu rwego rwo kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka 25 u Rwanda rwigenga .Ingoro ndangamurage isubiza abashyitsi mugihe cyo hambere cy'abakoloni. Ububiko bugizwe nicyegeranyo cy'ibiseke, imyenda gakondo ikozwe mu mpu z'inyamaswa, amacumu y'ibyatsi n'imiheto, ingoma z'umuziki kuva mu binyejana byashize, n'ibikoresho byo guhinga bishaje.Abashyitsi bashobora gukandagira mu nzu y'umwami kandi bakamenya uko y'ubatswe. Inzu ndangamurage kandi yakira imyiyerekano y'ubukorikori . === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside === [[Dosiye:Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] i [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gisozi]] niho hashyinguwe imiri 250.000. Uru rwibutso rugamije kwigisha uburyo itsembabwoko ryakorewe [[abatutsi]] ryakozwe. hari urukuta rw'amazina rweguriwe abahashyinguwe, nubwo benshi mu bahitanywe na jenoside batazwi kandi amazina akaba ataraboneka, bityo biracyari umurimo urimo gukorwa. Ubusitani bw'urwibutso butanga umwanya wo gutekereza ku mateka ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Mu gihe urwibutso runini ruri i Kigali, itsembabwoko ryakoze ku mpande zose z'u [[Rwanda]], kandi hari inzibutso nyinshi ziri mu gihugu hose. <ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/interests/kigali-genocide-memorial/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] h5n498wm9lvey37ji2ofkapdldftrcb 0 8750 86117 78015 2022-08-15T13:55:47Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda''' bwaranzwe no kuba ku rwego rwo hasi, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha bwateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara. [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rufite gahunda yo kwita ku buzima ikoreshwa ku isi hose, kandi ifatwa nk'imwe muri gahunda z'ubuzima bufite ireme muri [[Afurika|Afurika.]] [[File:Butaro_Hospital.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting a hospital building, with Rwandan flag, viewed from the entrance pathway|thumb| Ibitaro bya Butaro muri [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera]], Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] == Amateka == Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, ubuvuzi bw’u Rwanda bwaterwaga inkunga na Bamako Initiative nayo yaterwaga inkunga na UNICEF na OMS kandi yari yarashyizweho nabaminisitiri b’ubuzima muri Afurika mu 1987. <ref>"Bamako initiative" Archived from the original on 2006-11-28. Retrieved 2006- 12-28</ref> <ref>Caroline Kayonga towards universal health coverage in Rwanda. Summary notes from briefing Brookig Institution Washington D.C 2007</ref> Intambwe yatangijwe mu kwegereza ubuvuzi abaturage , yatangiriye kurwego rwintara hanyuma kurwego rwakarere. Ariko ibyo byahungabanijwe na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, yahagaritse gahunda y’ubuzima hamwe n’ubukungu. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, u Rwanda rwazamutse cyane mu kugarura gahunda y’ubuzima ndetse n’ubukungu bwarwo. Ndetse rwubaka imwe muri sisitemu nziza yubuzima mu karere. Mu mwaka wa 2008, guverinoma yakoresheje 9.7% y’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gihugu mu kwivuza, ugereranije na 3.2% mu 1996. [4] == Sisitemu y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima == Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bwabaye itegeko ku bantu bose mu 2008; [5] mu mwaka wa 2010 abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [6] Muri 2012, abagera kuri 4% gusa ni bo batari bafite ubwishingizi. [[Dosiye:Hospital - Ream National Park. Ambulance cars.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Ambulance]] Perezida Paul Kagame yavuze ko ubuvuzi ari kimwe mu byashyizwe imbere muri gahunda y’iterambere rya Vision 2020, [7] azamura amafaranga y’ubuvuzi kugera kuri 6.5% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu mu 2013, [8] ugereranije na 1.9% mu 1996. [9] Guverinoma yahaye inkunga n’imicungire y’ubuvuzi abaturage, binyuze muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bita ''mutuelles de santé'' . [5] ''Mutuelles'' yageragejwe mu 1999, kandi ikwira mu gihugu hose mu 2000 hagati, hifashishijwe abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu iterambere. [5] Mutuelles iboneka kandi igacungwa ku rwego turere mirongo itatu tugize u Rwanda. Hariho kandi gahunda zitandukanye zubwishingizi bwubuzima bwigihugu kubakozi ba leta n'abasirikare. Amafaranga yatanzwe muri iyi gahunda bwa mbere yari amadolari y'Amerika kumwaka; kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 igipimo cyagiye gitandukana ukurikije ubutunzi, aho abaturage bakennye cyane bagize uburenganzira ku bwishingizi bw'indwara ku buntu ndetse n'abakire bakishyura amadorari y'Amerika 8 ku muntu mukuru. [11] Mu 2014 , abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [12] Guverinoma yashyizeho kandi ibigo by’amahugurwa birimo ikigo nderabuzima cya Kigali (KHI), cyashinzwe mu 1997 [13] ubu kikaba kiri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] . Mu 2005, Perezida Kagame yatangije kandi gahunda izwi ku izina ''rya Gahunda ya Perezida mu kurwanya Malariya'' . Iyi gahunda yari igamije gufasha kubona ibikoresho nkenerwa mu gukumira malariya cyane cyane mu byaro, nk'inzitiramubu n'imiti. U Rwanda rukurikiza icyitegererezo cy’ubuzima rusange, gitanga ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima binyuze muri ''mutuelles de santé'' . Iyo Sisitemu ni gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bw'abaturage, aho abatuye mu gace runaka bishyura amafaranga mu kigega cy’ubuzima cyaho, kandi bakaba bashobora kuyakuramo igihe bakeneye ubuvuzi. Amafaranga yishyurwa akurikije igipimo, aho abatindi nyakujya bafite uburenganzira bwo kwivuza kubuntu, mugihe abakire bishyura amafaranga menshi kandi bakagira nandi bishyura mu kwivuza. Mu mwaka wa 2012, hafi 45% ya sisitemu yatewe inkunga no kwishyura amafaranga menshi, asigaye ava mu nkunga ya leta n'abaterankunga mpuzamahanga. == Ubushobozi == Sisitemu y’ubuzima y’u Rwanda ifite ibigo nderabuzima 499, ibiro by’ubuzima 680 bigira uruhare runini muri gahunda z’ubuvuzi nko gukingira na serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro, amavuriro menshi, n’ibitaro 42 by’akarere. Imidugudu y'igihugu iba ifite abajyanama b'ubuzima. Hari ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu, aribyo bitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali, ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Butare, ibitaro bya [[Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali|King Faisal Kigali]] n'ibitaro bya gisirikare byo mu Rwanda. Abateye imbere muri bo ni [[ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal]], byigenga ku buryo bugamije inyungu na guverinoma ariko bikagira uruhare muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku rwego rw’igihugu, bityo bikakira abarwayi boherejwe n’ibindi bitaro n’amavuriro. Nibyo bitaro byateye imbere cyane mu Rwanda, bifite imashini ya CT na MRI, imashini ebyiri za dialyse, hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye bwo kubaga. Amavuriro y'u Rwanda afite ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi by'ibanze hamwe n'akabati k'imiti ya ngombwa. Ibitaro byakarere bitanga serivisi zibanze zo kubaga, kandi byose bifite byibuze abaganga 15. Abakeneye ubuvuzi buhanitse kandi bwihariye boherezwa muri kimwe mu bitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe mu gihugu. Mu gihugu hari ibigo bitanu byita ku barwayi, ikigo cya kanseri mu Rwanda, giherereye mu bitaro bya Butaro, n'ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu. <ref>[https://www.uicc.org/case-studies/strengthening-advanced-breast-cancer-care-rwanda-through-improved-care-coordination Strengthening advanced breast cancer care in Rwanda through improved care coordination]</ref> [[Dosiye:Farumasi.jpg|thumb|Ububiko w'imiti]] Hari ihuriro ryabajyanama b'ubuzima bashinzwe ubuzima 58.286 batanga ubuvuzi bw'ibanze mu midugudu 14.837. U Rwanda rufite abaganga bacye, rwari rufite abaganga 0,84 gusa, barimo abaforomo, n'ababyaza kubantu 1000 mu 2013. [18] Ishami ry'Umuryango w'abibumye ryita ku iterambere (UNDP) rikurikirana iterambere ry'ubuzima mu Rwanda hagamijwe kugera ku ntego z'ikinyagihumbi 4-6, zikaba zifitanye isano nubuvuzi. Raporo ya UNDP rwagati mu mwaka wa 2015 yavuze ko u Rwanda rwari rutaragera ku ntego ya 4 ku mfu z'abana, nubwo "zari zaragabanutse cyane"; [19] igihugu "kirimo gutera imbere" kigana ku ntego ya 5, ari yo kugabanya bitatu bya kane by’imfu z’ababyeyi bapfa babyara, [20] mu gihe intego ya 6 itaragerwaho kuko ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA butaratangira kugabanuka. [21] U Rwanda rwashyizeho gahunda y’imyaka irindwi rwatangiye mu mwaka wa 2013 rugaragaza abarimu b’ubuvuzi n’abaganga babarirwa mu magana baturutse mu bigo 25 by’ubuvuzi byo muri Amerika, birimo Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Harvard, Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Yale, n’Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Duke, bahugura abakozi b’ubuvuzi bo mu Rwanda kandi bashyiraho amahugurwa na gahunda yo gutura, nyuma y'imyaka irindwi,biteganyijwe ko izayoborwa na guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'ingengo y’imari yayo, abarimu, n’abaganga bayo. == Reba kandi == * Ubuzima mu Rwanda == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba == [[Category:Ubuvuzi mu rwanda]] g58qqivoh26r8xijnird0qwc04x5suu 0 9950 86140 81816 2022-08-16T00:34:15Z Stevenndori289 10902 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Deejayblackb_04.jpg|thumb|Telefoni zigendanwa (Mara phones) 04]] Mara Group n'isosiyeti nini itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo ubucuruzi bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byiganjemo telefoni zigendanwa (Mara phones), banki ndetse no gutunganya ibikomoka k'ubuhinzi. [[Dosiye:Phone_features_dark.png|thumb|271x271px|Mara smartphone]] == Amateka == Iyi sosiyeti ifite ikicaro gikuru mu mugi wa Dubai mu igihugu cya United Arab Emirates yashinzwe na [[:en:Ashish_Thakkar|Ashish J. Thakkar]]<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2012/06/18/young-successful-and-african-ashish-thakkar-ceo-of-mara-group/</ref> mu 1996, ubu iyi sosiyeti imaze gufungura amashami yayo mu ibihugu 25<ref>https://maraphones.com/rw/mara-corporation/</ref> birimo ibihugu 22 muri Afrika <ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2012/06/18/young-successful-and-african-ashish-thakkar-ceo-of-mara-group/</ref>, ikaba imaze guha akazi abarenga ibihumbi cumi na kimwe (11000) by'abaturage<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/03/04/harvard-business-school-adopts-mara-group-as-african-case-study-2/</ref>. Iyi sosiyeti imaze imyaka 26 ishinzwe, mu mwaka wa 2010 yatoranyijwe na World Economic Forum nka Sosiyeti ikura cyane ku isi yose<ref>http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGC_Members_2013.pdf</ref>. == Mara phones == Mara group yatangije uruganda rutunganya telephone nini za Smartphone mu mugi wa Kigali-Rwanda mu kwezi kwa cumi 2019 <ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/tobyshapshak/2019/10/31/africas-mara-group-launches-phone-factories-in-durban-kigali/#6f119f24230b</ref>. Izo telefoni ni MaraZ1, MaraX1 na Mara S zikoranye ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ririmo irya finger print sensor, triple rear camera. Sosiyeti ya Mara group mu Rwanda ikorera mu icyanya cyahariwe inganda imasoro mu mugi wa Kigali, aho itangiririye imirimo yo gukora telephone zigendanwa yahaye akazi abanyarwanda 200 <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/eight-things-know-about-mara-phones</ref> bangana na 90% aho abagore bihariye 60% byabakozi bose ndetse ikaba ifite intego yo kongera umubare w'abakozi kugera nibura kuri 300. == Ubucuruzi == Mara phone izwi nka Mara X igura amadorari y'amerika $130 ahwanye Rwf120,250 naho Mara Z igura amadorari y' amerika $190 (or Rwf175,750) <ref>https://www.borgenmagazine.com/mara-group/</ref>. Izi telephone ziboneka ku kicaro cya sosiyeti Kigali Business Centre ndetse no muyandi masoko atandukanye yo mugihugu. AShish J. Thakkar nkuko yabitangarije ikinyamakuru the [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/ newtimes], ayugako bashaka kwagura amasoko y'ibikoresho bikorerwa mu Rwanda bikagera mu bihugu byo hanze birimo Angola, Kenya na DRC congo <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/eight-things-know-about-mara-phones</ref>. == Amashakiro == __INDEX__ __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <references /> [[Ikiciro:Inganda]] [[Ikiciro:Inganda zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] 4rz9s65ssav48ae48twy0x7t0rxl0k5 0 10271 86133 86005 2022-08-16T00:21:41Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba , kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti , bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi . Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika , James Baker , ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage ).cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel'' . Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi . === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi . Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene . Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004 . Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange , yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO . Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010 , ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk '"intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi. " Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994 , Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya , Ubwongereza , na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene . Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". . ] Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba . Mu 1998, George Keennan , umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki , Hongiriya , na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya , Siloveniya , Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira . Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush , yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na [[neo-Nazi] -bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze , yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan , ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbass , yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Lugansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk , amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine , Federasiyo y’Uburusiya , Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015 , aho abategetsi b'Abadage , Ubufaransa , Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas . Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimée n’umujyi wa Sevastopol ." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba . Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana , Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbass, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro ". Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya " Bolshevik , Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana.kuva “iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti " ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism '. Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau , bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba , yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell , yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS . == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. qpbwspcgkt9k2c8ygpwexrtxm3qvbfv 86134 86133 2022-08-16T00:23:02Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi . Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene . Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004 . Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange , yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO . Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010 , ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk '"intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi. " Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994 , Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya , Ubwongereza , na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene . Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". . ] Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba . Mu 1998, George Keennan , umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki , Hongiriya , na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya , Siloveniya , Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira . Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush , yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na [[neo-Nazi] -bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze , yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan , ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbass , yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Lugansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk , amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine , Federasiyo y’Uburusiya , Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015 , aho abategetsi b'Abadage , Ubufaransa , Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas . Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimée n’umujyi wa Sevastopol ." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba . Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana , Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbass, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro ". Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya " Bolshevik , Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana.kuva “iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti " ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism '. Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau , bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba , yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell , yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS . == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. rp6l4gg4csx41zjhi0ei2w0ugmnwenx 86135 86134 2022-08-16T00:24:05Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk '"intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi. " Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994 , Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya , Ubwongereza , na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene . Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". . ] Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba . Mu 1998, George Keennan , umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki , Hongiriya , na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya , Siloveniya , Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira . Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush , yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na [[neo-Nazi] -bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze , yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan , ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbass , yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Lugansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk , amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine , Federasiyo y’Uburusiya , Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015 , aho abategetsi b'Abadage , Ubufaransa , Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas . Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimée n’umujyi wa Sevastopol ." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba . Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana , Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbass, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro ". Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya " Bolshevik , Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana.kuva “iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti " ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism '. Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau , bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba , yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell , yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS . == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. li4vk4dol1xzsepwpeeb04o04s094ag 86136 86135 2022-08-16T00:25:21Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba . Mu 1998, George Keennan , umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki , Hongiriya , na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya , Siloveniya , Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira . Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush , yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na [[neo-Nazi] -bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze , yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan , ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbass , yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Lugansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk , amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine , Federasiyo y’Uburusiya , Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015 , aho abategetsi b'Abadage , Ubufaransa , Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas . Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimée n’umujyi wa Sevastopol ." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba . Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana , Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbass, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro ". Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya " Bolshevik , Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana.kuva “iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti " ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism '. Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau , bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba , yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell , yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS . == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. pwms9cn624wfohv46uv6g2ysvod2eey 86137 86136 2022-08-16T00:28:25Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba. Mu 1998, George Keennan, umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki, Hongiriya, na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya, Siloveniya, Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira. Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush, yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na neo-Nazi - bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze, yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan, ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbass , yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Lugansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk , amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine , Federasiyo y’Uburusiya , Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015 , aho abategetsi b'Abadage , Ubufaransa , Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas . Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimée n’umujyi wa Sevastopol ." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba . Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana , Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbass, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro ". Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya " Bolshevik , Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana.kuva “iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti " ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism '. Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau , bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba , yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell , yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS . == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. 4dwgaty4aqzke0typ2qak621zcmz2x4 86138 86137 2022-08-16T00:30:48Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba. Mu 1998, George Keennan, umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki, Hongiriya, na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya, Siloveniya, Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira. Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush, yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na neo-Nazi - bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze, yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan, ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze Kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbas, yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Luhansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk, amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine, Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015, aho abategetsi b'Abadage, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas. Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimea n’umujyi wa Sevastopol." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba . Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana , Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbass, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro ". Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya " Bolshevik , Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana.kuva “iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti " ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism '. Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau , bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba , yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell , yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS . == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. nfgybcv4te2mnv08awkq2nk3mjxrlp7 86139 86138 2022-08-16T00:34:07Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba. Mu 1998, George Keennan, umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki, Hongiriya, na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya, Siloveniya, Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira. Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush, yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na neo-Nazi - bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze, yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan, ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze Kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbas, yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Luhansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk, amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine, Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015, aho abategetsi b'Abadage, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas. Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimea n’umujyi wa Sevastopol." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana, Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbas, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro. Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya "Bolshevik, Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana. Kuva "iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti" ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism". Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau, bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba, yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell, yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS. == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. 7ybxhq3jdzj0yguiwtsklp3pvsl6vmc 86141 86139 2022-08-16T00:34:59Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba. Mu 1998, George Keennan, umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki, Hongiriya, na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya, Siloveniya, Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira. Uburusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush, yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na neo-Nazi - bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze, yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan, ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze Kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbas, yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Luhansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk, amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine, Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015, aho abategetsi b'Abadage, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas. Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimea n’umujyi wa Sevastopol." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana, Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbas, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro. Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya "Bolshevik, Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana. Kuva "iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti" ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism". Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau, bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba, yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell, yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS. == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. k6h61u4senyo5acpz9ongy2653f8gnv 86142 86141 2022-08-16T00:35:58Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba. Mu 1998, George Keennan, umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki, Hongiriya, na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya, Siloveniya, Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira. Uburusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush, yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na neo-Nazi - bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze, yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan, ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze Kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbas, yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Luhansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk, amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine, Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015, aho abategetsi b'Abadage, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas. Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimea n’umujyi wa Sevastopol." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana, Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbas, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro. Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya "Bolshevik, Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana. Kuva "iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti" ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism". Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau, bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba, yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell, yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS. == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo (UTC) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene." Abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk na Repubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk. Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. i5hy358hgqme224vjgy9oppqnnl9tmp 86145 86142 2022-08-16T00:44:57Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba. Mu 1998, George Keennan, umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki, Hongiriya, na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya, Siloveniya, Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira. Uburusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush, yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na neo-Nazi - bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze, yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan, ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze Kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbas, yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Luhansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk, amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine, Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015, aho abategetsi b'Abadage, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas. Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimea n’umujyi wa Sevastopol." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana, Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbas, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro. Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya "Bolshevik, Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana. Kuva "iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti" ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism". Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau, bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba, yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell, yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS. == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo (UTC) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene." Abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk na Repubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk. Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kyiv, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine, nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC +2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odesa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odesa. bashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muri Luhansk, Sumy, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimea. Yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine. Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche. Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia (hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kyiv, umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkiv, umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbas, unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cya Mariupol, hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimea kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Luhansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC +2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol. Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC +2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kyiv, ziva muri Uburusiya. Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop") no muri Starobilsk. Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC +2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl, aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl. Urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine, ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kyiv. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl. , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuyeyi K v. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhung o. Nyuma yo guhanana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC +2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya, gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol, mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson. Nyuma yo kugota Sumy, ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kyiv. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol, Kharkiv no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. mnw3668i5unbwp2jcqrcnrpie2ttpkc 86146 86145 2022-08-16T00:46:51Z 93.224.168.169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 (UTC) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene, ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya, ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl, Crimea, na Chernihiv, Sumy, na Kharkiv. Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014. Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kyiv, Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO, Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. Twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere. Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba, kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti, bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi. Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, James Baker, ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage). Cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel''. Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi. === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene. Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004. Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange, yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO. Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010, ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk "intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi." Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba. Mu 1998, George Keennan, umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki, Hongiriya, na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya, Siloveniya, Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira. Uburusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush, yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na neo-Nazi - bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze, yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan, ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze Kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbas, yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Luhansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk, amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine, Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015, aho abategetsi b'Abadage, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas. Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimea n’umujyi wa Sevastopol." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana, Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbas, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro. Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya "Bolshevik, Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana. Kuva "iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti" ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism". Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau, bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba, yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell, yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS. == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo (UTC) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene." Abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk na Repubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk. Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kyiv, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine, nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC +2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odesa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odesa. bashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muri Luhansk, Sumy, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimea. Yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine. Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche. Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia (hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kyiv, umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkiv, umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbas, unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cya Mariupol, hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimea kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Luhansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC +2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol. Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC +2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kyiv, ziva muri Uburusiya. Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop") no muri Starobilsk. Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC +2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl, aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl. Urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine, ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kyiv. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl. Ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuyeyi. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klychko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhung. Nyuma yo guhanana, abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC +2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya, gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol, mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson. Nyuma yo kugota Sumy, ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kyiv. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol, Kharkiv no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. anxyuq6v3ykg31rttmh5qbu0nmvlzky 0 11282 86118 85817 2022-08-15T14:15:46Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubworozi bw'ingurube.jpg|thumb|ubworozi bw'ingurube]] Ubworozi bw'Ingurube tugiye kurebera hamwe uko Tumenya amoko yazo, uko zororwa kijyambere n'ibiryo byazo. == AKAMARO KO KORORA INGURUBE == Mu matungo yose yororerwa mu rugo, ingurube ni ryo tungo ribyazwa umusaruro utubutse, ibyo iba yariye kurusha ayandi matungo, kubera ko uko irya ari na ko yiyongera ibiro byinshi kandi vuba; ni ukuvuga ko ibiryo byose iriye biyiyoboka. Ingurube irya ibiryo byose uyihaye : ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni, ibiryo bikomoka ku bikatsi, ibituruka ku mavuta, ku muceri, ku masukari, ku bworozi bw’amafi kandi bikayigirira akamaro. Ibyo bishobora kuzuzwa n’inyama, ibyatsi, ibinyampeke n’imbuto. Ingurube imwe n’ibibwana byayo bishobora kugera ku musaruro munini ku mwaka iyo ari ubwoko bwiza kandi zigaburirwa neza. Ingurube ishobora gutanga ibiro by’inyama bingana n’igihumbi na magana atandatu mu mwaka (kg 1.600). == Amoko y’ingurube yororerwa mu Rwanda == === '''1.''' '''Ubwoko bw’ingurube nyarwanda:''' === Ingurube nyarwanda igira uruhu rw’umukara, rimwe na rimwe uvanze n’amabara y’umweru. Agahanga ni kagufi, ikinwa ni kirekire, amatwi ni matoya akaba yemye cyangwa aryamye ariko ntatendera. Uruti rwayo ni ruto, amaguru ni maremare kandi afite umubyimba muto. Ubu bwoko burwanya indwara, bwihanganira ubushyuhe, bwemera indyo iyo ari yo yose. Ubwo bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 8-10, bubwagura kabiri mu mwaka. Urubyaro rwa mbere ruboneka ingurube ifite umwaka n’igice (amezi 18) cyangwa imyaka ibiri (amezi 24). Iyo ngurube ikura buhoro, igira ibiro 120 yujuje umwaka n’igice. Inenge yayo yindi ni uko iyo ikuze igira ibinure byinshi, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka, na yo igata agaciro.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165</ref><ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livearticles/rabbit/feeding__rabbit</ref> === '''2. Ubwoko bw’ingurube zifite ibara ryera (Large White):''' === ubwo bwoko bufite uruhu rwera, agahanga kanini gacuritse, ikinwa kinini, amatwi ni manini kandi arahagaze ; bufite umubiri munini ugizwe n’inyama nyinshi, amaguru yabwo ni manini kuko agizwe n’inyama nyinshi. Ubwo bwoko bugerageza kurwanya indwara, ariko busaba kugaburirwa neza cyane. Ubwo bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 10-12, kabiri mu mwaka. Iyo ngurube ibwagura ubwa mbere ifite amezi 12, ikura vuba, igira ibiro 70 ku mezi 5, itanga umusaruro w’inyama mwiza cyane, ariko ikenera isuku no kugaburirwa neza cyane. === '''3. Ubwoko bwitwa Landrace (soma Landiresi):''' === na bwo bufite uruhu rwera, agahanga karekare kandi kabyimbye, amatwi manini atendera. Umubiri wayo ni muremure ugereranyije n’ingurube y’ibara ryera (Large White). Ubwo bwoko ntibufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kurwanya indwara ariko umusaruro ni mwiza cyane kurusha n’uw’ingurube y’ibara ryera (Large White). Umubiri w’iyo ngurube ni muremure haba mu butambike cyangwa mu buhagarike === '''4. Andi moko y’ibyimanyi''' === Large White+Inyarwanda• : Irwanya indwara kandi itanga umusaruro ushimishije iyo igaburiwe neza. Large White+Landrace• + Duroc: Ubwo bwoko buherutse kugera mu Rwanda buturutse muri Irlande (soma Irilande) burwanya indwara kandi butanga umusaruro mwiza.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165</ref> == Ikiraro cy’Ingurube == Mu kiraro hakenerwa umwanya wo kwinyagamburiramo, umwuka mwiza, isuku, ahantu hakomeye kandi hari n’umuyaga. Ibipimo by’ikiraro Imbyeyi n’ibibwana byayo : m-2 10 Inyagazi : m-2 2,5 Imfizi : m-2 15 Ingurube zikonnye : m-2 2 Ikiraro gishobora kubakwa n’ibiti mu mwanya w’matafari ahiye hasi agakoresha beto ku bipimo bingana n’umufuka 1 w’isima ku mifuka 2 y’umucanga n’imifuka 3 y’amabuye mato mato. Ushyiramo ubuhaname kugira ngo amaganga ajye asohoka aho Imbehe n’igikoresho cyo kunyweramo Imbehe n’igikoresho cyo kunyweramo bigomba kuba bikozwe mu giti gikomeye. Ibyiza ni ukubikora mu giti kiremereye ku buryo ingurube itagisunika ngo gihirime igihe cyose ishakiye. Ibyo bikorwa mu ishusho y’umuvure mutoya. == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ingurube]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] pspn8vibdxq57r2qkzxipn96mzge5vi 0 12564 86114 85692 2022-08-15T13:28:34Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igweja.png|thumb|Amagweja ari kuri bobere]] Amagweja (cg igweja mu bucye) ni udusimba duto tumeze nka Nkongwa isanzwe yo mu bigori ariko tukagira ibara ry’umweru wera. Utwo dusimba dutungwa n’ubwoko bw’ibyatsi byitwa iboberi, bihingwa nk’ubwatsi bw’amagweja.<ref name=":0">https://agronews.rw/index.php/2019/08/13/karongi-ubworozi-bwamagweja-nubuhinzi-bwa-boberi-bitunze-benshi-muri-koperative-abadatenguha/</ref> == Umumaro == Amagweja [[UBWOROZI|arororwa]] akazatanga indodo zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’ubudozi bw’imyenda, aya magweja atunzwa n’ikimera kitwa iboberi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Ubworozi-bw-amagweja-bukomeje-guteza-imbere-ababukora</ref> uworoye amagweja abona umusaruro mu minsi 30 gusa kandi ikilo kimwe kigura hagati y'amafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]] 2200-3600<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/gatsibo-ni-yo-ya-mbere-ku-musaruro-uturuka-ku-magweja/</ref>. ubworozi bw'amagweja kandi bukorerwa ku buso buto kuburyo buri muntu wese ubifitemo ubushake yabukora. ubu mu [[Rwanda]] mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda hari uruganda rutunganya ubudodo buturuka ku magweja rwitwa "HEworks" rw'[[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru|abanyakoreya]] rwubatswe kubufatanye n'ikigo giteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikomoka ku [[Ubuhinzi|buhinzi]] n’[[UBWOROZI|ubworoz]]<nowiki/>i(NAEB).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/niba-wifuza-umushahara-buri-kwezi-hinga-ibobere</ref> == Uko amagweja akora ubudodo == Iyo igweja rimaze kwizingira muri ako kadongi, kaba ari gato kangana n’igi ry’inyoni, gafite ibara ry’umweru, icyo gihe umusaruro uba ubonetse, icyo gihe ako kadongi baragahambura bagasigarana ubudodo bwiza bukomeye hanyuma icyari igweja kigahinduka ikinyugunyugu kikaguruka.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == 0y5e86l4b6znhmg1g692bwirpt2h5oc 86115 86114 2022-08-15T13:36:00Z Giseletuy 10890 #WPWPRW # WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igweja.png|thumb|Amagweja ari kuri bobere]] Amagweja (cg igweja mu bucye) ni udusimba duto tumeze nka Nkongwa isanzwe yo mu bigori ariko tukagira ibara ry’umweru wera. Utwo dusimba dutungwa n’ubwoko bw’ibyatsi byitwa iboberi, bihingwa nk’ubwatsi bw’amagweja.<ref name=":0">https://agronews.rw/index.php/2019/08/13/karongi-ubworozi-bwamagweja-nubuhinzi-bwa-boberi-bitunze-benshi-muri-koperative-abadatenguha/</ref> == Umumaro == Amagweja [[UBWOROZI|arororwa]] akazatanga indodo zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’ubudozi bw’imyenda, aya magweja atunzwa n’ikimera kitwa iboberi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Ubworozi-bw-amagweja-bukomeje-guteza-imbere-ababukora</ref> uworoye amagweja abona umusaruro mu minsi 30 gusa kandi ikilo kimwe kigura hagati y'amafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]] 2200-3600<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/gatsibo-ni-yo-ya-mbere-ku-musaruro-uturuka-ku-magweja/</ref>. ubworozi bw'amagweja kandi bukorerwa ku buso buto kuburyo buri muntu wese ubifitemo ubushake yabukora. ubu mu [[Rwanda]] mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda hari uruganda rutunganya ubudodo buturuka ku magweja rwitwa "HEworks" rw'[[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru|abanyakoreya]] rwubatswe kubufatanye n'ikigo giteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikomoka ku [[Ubuhinzi|buhinzi]] n’[[UBWOROZI|ubworoz]]<nowiki/>i(NAEB).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/niba-wifuza-umushahara-buri-kwezi-hinga-ibobere</ref> == Uko amagweja akora ubudodo == [[Dosiye:Ubudodo.jpg|thumb|ubudodo bwakozwe n'amagweja]] Iyo igweja rimaze kwizingira muri ako kadongi, kaba ari gato kangana n’igi ry’inyoni, gafite ibara ry’umweru, icyo gihe umusaruro uba ubonetse, icyo gihe ako kadongi baragahambura bagasigarana ubudodo bwiza bukomeye hanyuma icyari igweja kigahinduka ikinyugunyugu kikaguruka.<ref name=":0" /> mvfnagse9ifyvqel1zeqkuup5bu3w3u 0 12630 86132 86107 2022-08-15T16:38:26Z RWAYITARE250 10088 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tutsi herdsman.jpg|thumb|Amasunzu]] [[Dosiye:Now Rulindo authorities see this as a great opportunity to promote the area and district at large as a tourism destination.jpg|thumb|amasunzu]] Amasunzu ni imisatsi idasasanzwe yo mu [[Rwanda]] yahoze yambarwa n'abagabo, ndetse n'abagore batashyingiranywe kugira ngo berekane abashobora kurega ko ari ingaragu kandi bafite imyaka yo gushyingirwa,hamwe numusatsi wanditswe muri crets, ukunze gusobanurwa nka crescent. Imisatsi yerekanaga imibereho, Kandi abagabo batambaraga Amasunzu barebwaga bakekwa kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20. Imiterere nayo yambarwa nabagore batashyingiranywe nyuma yimyaka 18 – imyaka 20, byerekana ko bafite imyaka yo gushyingirwa. == Amavu n'amavuko == Mubihe byashize, Abantu bo mu [[Rwanda]] bambaye [[amasunzu]] muburyo burenga 30 butandukanye. Byari kwerekana ubuntu nubwiza muri kiriya gihe. Iyi misatsi idasanzwe ya Amasunzu yerekanaga uruhare rutandukanye mubyiciro mubuzima bwabagore nabagabo. Iyo abarwanyi bambaraga, ni ikimenyetso cyimbaraga nubutwari. Yambarwa nabagore,batarashyingirwa cyangwa ikaranga ubusugi. Umukobwa ukiri muto yarambaraga mbere yo gushaka. Iyo umukobwa amaze gushyingirwa, yahindura imisatsi ye kugirango ukure mubwisanzure ( gutega urugori ), Bisobanura ko yashakanye kandi azerekana kubaha umugabo we ndetse n'abana babo. Ibi byafatwaga nkuburyo bwo gutunganya umubiri, kuko ikinyabupfura cyu Rwanda ubusanzwe gishingiye kumiterere yumubiri. Byongeye kandi, kwambara imisatsi yerekana ibyiciro; yatanzwe n'abayobozi bakomeye, abanyacyubahiro n'abakire.https://historydaily.org/amasunzu-hairstyle [[Dosiye:Amasunzu|thumb|Rwandan Man with Amasunzu Hairstyle]]https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/amasunzu-hairstyle-rwanda/ === <ref></ref> === https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/amasunzu-rwandan-hairstyle-photos https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/amasunzu-hairstyle-rwanda/ https://historydaily.org/amasunzu-hairstyle 53wubl93gdgfvem960egi6r8mru72wd 0 12640 86129 86110 2022-08-15T16:12:26Z RWAYITARE250 10088 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == IGISABO == [[Dosiye:IGISABO CYIZA.jpg|thumb|IGISABO]] [[Igitabo|Igisabo]] ni kimwe mubikoresho byubashye cyane mumuco nya[[rwanda]].[[Igisibo|igisabo]] ni igikoresho bakoresha bacunda amata. == AHANDI GIKUNDA GUKORESHWA == [[Dosiye:Igisabo.jpg|thumb|Igisabo]] [[Igitabo|Igisabo]] kandi gikoreshwa mumihango nya[[rwanda]] myishi igiye itandukanye cyane cyane nko mubirori bijyanye no mu gushyingirwa aho abagiha umu kobwa bamwifuriza kuzatunganirwa akazahorana [[Amata Giramata|amata]] kuruhimbi<ref>https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubusobanuro-bwigisabo-mu-gutwikurura.html</ref>. == REBA == i7i1v7yzor0pjdjkf0di9sy3ul63vlx 86130 86129 2022-08-15T16:28:45Z RWAYITARE250 10088 wikitext text/x-wiki == IGISABO == [[Dosiye:IGISABO CYIZA.jpg|thumb|IGISABO]] [[Igitabo|Igisabo]] ni kimwe mubikoresho byubashye cyane mumuco nya[[rwanda]].[[Igisibo|igisabo]] ni igikoresho bakoresha bacunda amata. == AHANDI GIKUNDA GUKORESHWA == [[Dosiye:Igisabo.jpg|thumb|Igisabo]] [[Igitabo|Igisabo]] kandi gikoreshwa mumihango nya[[rwanda]] myishi igiye itandukanye cyane cyane nko mubirori bijyanye no mu gushyingirwa aho bagiha umu kobwa bamwifuriza kuzatunganirwa akazahorana [[Amata Giramata|amata]] kuruhimbi<ref>https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubusobanuro-bwigisabo-mu-gutwikurura.html</ref>. == REBA == rlnsnft5ldgtd81wp9tyajcadtjgree 0 12641 86123 86113 2022-08-15T15:45:16Z RWAYITARE250 10088 wikitext text/x-wiki == INTORE == [[Dosiye:Ibyino(Intore).jpg|thumb|intore]] [[Intare|Intore]] ni izina bita umubyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] wigistina gabo ubyina umuco nya[[rwanda]]. == IBIDASANZWE BIRANGA INTORE == [[Intare|Intore]] zizwiho techinike idasanzwe izemerera gusimbuka hejuru cyane muri 2m40 iyo zirikubyina kandi zizwiho ibyino idasanzwe bita guhamiriza aho ziba zambaye ibyo bita imigara mkumutwe wazo. == UKO ZAMENYEKANYE KWISI == [[Intare|Intore]] ubundi yamenyekanye kwisiyose mukubyina ubwo zitabiraga imurika gurisha mpuzamahanga ryabereye i buruseli muwi 1958<ref>https://www.magic-safaris.com/our-discovery-library/rwanda-intore-dancers</ref>. == REBA == i0swtp7eobql75wq6b2jtr9bmv8uw9j 86131 86123 2022-08-15T16:33:49Z RWAYITARE250 10088 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == INTORE == [[Dosiye:Ibyino(Intore).jpg|thumb|intore]] [[Intare|Intore]] ni izina bita umubyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] wigistina gabo ubyina umuco nya[[rwanda]]. == IBIDASANZWE BIRANGA INTORE == [[Dosiye:Intore Dancer 02.jpg|thumb|Intore]] [[Intare|Intore]] zizwiho techinike idasanzwe izemerera gusimbuka hejuru cyane muri 2m40 iyo zirikubyina kandi zizwiho ibyino idasanzwe bita guhamiriza aho ziba zambaye ibyo bita imigara mkumutwe wazo . == UKO ZAMENYEKANYE KWISI == [[Intare|Intore]] ubundi yamenyekanye kwisiyose mukubyina ubwo zitabiraga imurika gurisha mpuzamahanga ryabereye i buruseli muwi 1958<ref>https://www.magic-safaris.com/our-discovery-library/rwanda-intore-dancers</ref>. == REBA == 7zilo91orasen8kmosd2871fdrxleve 0 12642 86124 2022-08-15T15:55:16Z RWAYITARE250 10088 Amayugi wikitext text/x-wiki == Amayugi == Amayugi ni igikoresho ababyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] bambara kumaguru iyo bari kubyina ibyino nya[[rwanda]]. == IMITERE YAMAYUGI == amayugi agize nuduce twishi twibyuma tuvuga nkinzongera,byumwihariko amayugi ashobora gusobanurwa nka verisiyo ntoya yi nzogera imwe.mugihe amayugi yo agizwe nurukurikirane rwinzogera zifatanije. oivt4xkjr002s1ekqnyf6zdpjio1ke5 86125 86124 2022-08-15T15:56:08Z RWAYITARE250 10088 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amayugi == Amayugi ni igikoresho ababyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] bambara kumaguru iyo bari kubyina ibyino nya[[rwanda]]. == IMITERE YAMAYUGI == amayugi agize nuduce twishi twibyuma tuvuga nkinzongera,byumwihariko amayugi ashobora gusobanurwa nka verisiyo ntoya yi nzogera imwe.mugihe amayugi yo agizwe nurukurikirane rwinzogera zifatanije<ref>http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/burundi/amayugi.html</ref>. q682ho87gzbx3unsbt43owsas3pwa85 86126 86125 2022-08-15T15:56:51Z RWAYITARE250 10088 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amayugi == Amayugi ni igikoresho ababyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] bambara kumaguru iyo bari kubyina ibyino nya[[rwanda]]. == IMITERE YAMAYUGI == amayugi agize nuduce twishi twibyuma tuvuga nkinzongera,byumwihariko amayugi ashobora gusobanurwa nka verisiyo ntoya yi nzogera imwe.mugihe amayugi yo agizwe nurukurikirane rwinzogera zifatanije<ref>http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/burundi/amayugi.html</ref>. == REBA == 865noaltkrj2edclw5d46vnc5q2g3mn 86127 86126 2022-08-15T15:59:39Z RWAYITARE250 10088 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Amayugi == [[Dosiye:Amayugi.jpg|thumb|Amayugi]] Amayugi ni igikoresho ababyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] bambara kumaguru iyo bari kubyina ibyino nya[[rwanda]]. == IMITERE YAMAYUGI == amayugi agize nuduce twishi twibyuma tuvuga nkinzongera,byumwihariko amayugi ashobora gusobanurwa nka verisiyo ntoya yi nzogera imwe.mugihe amayugi yo agizwe nurukurikirane rwinzogera zifatanije<ref>http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/burundi/amayugi.html</ref>. == REBA == 00cf1i2kphd2x2zrwotb7mnrn45plku 86128 86127 2022-08-15T16:03:27Z RWAYITARE250 10088 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Amayugi == [[Dosiye:Amayugi.jpg|thumb|Amayugi]] Amayugi ni igikoresho ababyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] bambara kumaguru iyo bari kubyina ibyino nya[[rwanda]]. == IMITERE YAMAYUGI == [[Dosiye:Intore dancer during the graduation festivities at Kicukiro stadium in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amayugi]] amayugi agize nuduce twishi twibyuma tuvuga nkinzongera,byumwihariko amayugi ashobora gusobanurwa nka verisiyo ntoya yi nzogera imwe.mugihe amayugi yo agizwe nurukurikirane rwinzogera zifatanije<ref>http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/burundi/amayugi.html</ref>. == REBA == kiby0vsjqr0smclv1vtgsue2q551k6f