Maurs

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  <page>
    <title>Maurs</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:22:01Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
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{{fixscots}}
[[File:Mars Hubble.jpg|thumb|250px|Maurs]]

'''Maurs''' (or '''Mairs'''; symbol: [[File:Mars symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|♂]]) is the fowert [[planet]] frae the [[Sun]] in the [[Solar seestem|Solar system]]. It is cried efter Maurs, the god o war in Roman [[meethologie|mythology]] (the coonterpairt til [[Ares]], the god o war in Greek [[meethologie|mythology]]) acause o its reid licht as seen in the heivens at nicht. This featur forby wan it the name o &quot;the Reid Planet&quot;. Maurs haes twa [[muin]]s (Phobos an Deimos) baith smaa an orra-shapit, like eneuch bein fangit asteroids. The prefix ''areo-'' refers ti Maurs.

== Steids on Maurs ==

* [[Ascraeus Mons]]
* [[Hellas Planitia]]
* [[Ma'adim Vallis]]
* [[Noctis Labyrinthus]]
* [[Olympus mons]]
* [[Tharsis Tholus]]
* [[Twin Peends]]
* [[Valles Marineris]]

== Maurs in fiction ==

Maurs haes been in fiction for mony a year gin only as the stance the invaders cam frae. Stories that taks place on Maurs haes slawly becam mair faur ben &amp;ndash; includin [[Ray Bradbury|Bradbury's]] Maurtian chronicles.{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Observable Universe}}
[[Category:Planets o the Solar Seestem]]
[[Category:Maurs| ]]
[[Category:Terrestrial planets]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868923</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:26:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
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{{fixscots}}
[[File:Mars Hubble.jpg|thumb|250px|Maurs]]

'''Maurs''' (or '''Mairs'''; symbol: [[File:Mars symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|♂]]) is the fowert [[planet]] frae the [[Sun]] in the [[Solar seestem|Solar system]]. It is cried efter Maurs, the god o war in Roman [[meethologie|mythology]] (the coonterpairt til [[Ares]], the god o war in Greek [[meethologie|mythology]]) acause o its reid licht as seen in the heivens at nicht. This featur forby wan it the name o &quot;the Reid Planet&quot;. Maurs haes twa [[muin]]s (Phobos an Deimos) baith smaa an orra-shapit, like eneuch bein fangit asteroids. The prefix ''areo-'' refers ti Maurs.

== Steids on Maurs ==

* [[Ascraeus Mons]]
* [[Hellas Planitia]]
* [[Ma'adim Vallis]]
* [[Noctis Labyrinthus]]
* [[Olympus mons]]
* [[Tharsis Tholus]]
* [[Twin Peends]]
* [[Valles Marineris]]

== Maurs in fiction ==

Maurs haes been in fiction for mony a year gin only as the stance the invaders cam frae. Stories that taks place on Maurs haes slawly becam mair faur ben &amp;ndash; includin [[Ray Bradbury|Bradbury's]] Maurtian chronicles.

== Referance leet ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Observable Universe}}
[[Category:Planets o the Solar Seestem]]
[[Category:Maurs| ]]
[[Category:Terrestrial planets]]

&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868924</id>
      <parentid>868923</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:30:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added 2 references</comment>
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[[File:Mars Hubble.jpg|thumb|250px|Maurs]]

'''Maurs''' (or '''Mairs'''; symbol: [[File:Mars symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|♂]]) is the fowert [[planet]] frae the [[Sun]] in the [[Solar seestem|Solar system]]. It is cried efter Maurs, the god o war in Roman [[meethologie|mythology]] (the coonterpairt til [[Ares]], the god o war in Greek [[meethologie|mythology]]) acause o its reid licht as seen in the heivens at nicht. This featur forby wan it the name o &quot;the Reid Planet&quot;. Maurs haes twa [[muin]]s (Phobos an Deimos) baith smaa an orra-shapit, like eneuch bein fangit asteroids. Both satellites were discovered in 1877 by [[Asaph Hall]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ESA Science &amp; Technology - Martian moons: Phobos|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/mars-express/-/31031-phobos|access-date=2022-07-21|website=sci.esa.int}}&lt;/ref&gt;; they are named after the characters [[Phobos (meethologie)|Phobos]] (panic/fear) and [[Deimos (meethology)|Deimos]] (terror/dread), who, in Greek mythology, accompanied their father [[Ares]], god of war, into battle&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Planetary Names|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Planets#MartianSystem|access-date=2022-07-21|website=planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;. The prefix ''areo-'' refers ti Maurs.

== Steids on Maurs ==

* [[Ascraeus Mons]]
* [[Hellas Planitia]]
* [[Ma'adim Vallis]]
* [[Noctis Labyrinthus]]
* [[Olympus mons]]
* [[Tharsis Tholus]]
* [[Twin Peends]]
* [[Valles Marineris]]

== Maurs in fiction ==

Maurs haes been in fiction for mony a year gin only as the stance the invaders cam frae. Stories that taks place on Maurs haes slawly becam mair faur ben &amp;ndash; includin [[Ray Bradbury|Bradbury's]] Maurtian chronicles.

== Referance leet ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Observable Universe}}
[[Category:Planets o the Solar Seestem]]
[[Category:Maurs| ]]
[[Category:Terrestrial planets]]

&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>12 December</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868913</id>
      <parentid>866461</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:16:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7979" xml:space="preserve">{{Days in December}}

The '''12t o December''' is the 346t day o the year (347t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 19 days bidin.

== Events ==
[[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|thumb|155px|right|[[1963]] an [[1964]]: Banner o [[Kenyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Kenya Independence - 1963 {{!}} Today In History {{!}} 12 Dec 18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sj_UletH80|language=en|access-date=2022-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Sas-a uhuru.gif|thumb|155px|right|[[1970]]: Uhuru satellite]]
[[File:National Assembly Building with Mace, Abuja, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|155px|right|[[1991]]: Naitional Assembly Biggin in [[Abuja]]]]
* [[1787]] - [[Pennsylvanie]] becomes the 2nt state tae ratify the [[Unitit States Constitution]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=list of U.S. states’ dates of admission to the union {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-U-S-states-by-date-of-admission-to-the-Union-2130026|access-date=2022-05-10|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1812]] - The French invasion o [[Roushie]] ends.
* [[1866]] - The Oaks Splosion in [[Wast Yorkshire]], [[Ingland]], kills 360 miners an rescuers.
* [[1901]] - [[Guglielmo Marconi]] receives the first transatlantic radio signal.
* [[1911]] - [[Delhi]] replaces [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] as caipital o [[Indie]].
* [[1911]] - [[George V]] is crouned Emperor o [[Indie]].
* [[1913]] - [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s pentin [[Mona Lisa]], which wis stolen frae the Louvre in [[Paris]] in [[1911]], is foond in [[Florence]], [[Italy]].
* [[1941]] - [[Warld War II]]: The [[Unitit Kinrick]] declares war on [[Bulgarie]].
* [[1958]] - [[Guinea]] jyns the [[Unitit Naitions]].
* [[1963]] - [[Kenyae]] gains unthirldom frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* [[1964]] - [[Jomo Kenyatta]] becomes the 1st [[Preses]] o [[Kenyae]].
* [[1970]] - [[NASA]] launches the &quot;Uhuru&quot; X-Ray satellite frae [[Kenyae]].
* [[1991]] - [[Abuja]] becomes the caipital ceety o [[Nigerie]].
* [[1991]] - [[Roushie]] declares unthirldom frae the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[1992]] - A [[yirdquauk]] off Flores Island, [[Indonesie]], kills 2,500 fowk.
* [[2000]] - [[Ethiopie]] an [[Eritrea]] end their border war.
* [[2003]] - [[Paul Martin]] becomes [[Prime meenister]] o [[Canadae]].
* [[2015]] - [[Climate]] chynge talks in [[Paris]] result in an agreement on carbon-dioxide emissions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ellis|first=John D. Sutter,Joshua Berlinger,Ralph|date=2015-12-12|title=Obama: Climate agreement 'best chance we have' to save the planet|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/index.html|access-date=2022-05-10|website=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2016]] - [[Bill English]] replaces [[John Key]] as [[Prime meenister]] o [[New Zealand]].
* [[2019]] - [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]] is electit [[Preses]] o [[Algerie]].
* [[2019]] - [[2019 Unitit Kinrick general election]]:
**[[Boris Johnson]]'s [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]], despite losin seats in [[Scotland]], wins its biggest majority syne 1987, winnin a total o 365 seats, incluidin mony in [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour Pairty]] stranghaulds in Northren an Central [[Ingland]] an pairts o [[Wales]]. Labour suffers its heaviest defeat syne [[1935]].
**The [[Scots Naitional Pairty]] wins maist o the Scots seats, increasin its total frae 35 tae 48 seats, takkin seats aff Labour, the Conservatives an [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrat]] leader [[Jo Swinson]].
* [[2020]] - [[COVID-19 pandemic]]: The nummer o recordit cases warldwide gets tae 70 million.
* [[2020]] - [[Bhutan]] an [[Israel]] normalise diplomatic relations.

== Births ==
[[File:Edvard Munch 1921.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Edvard Munch]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Edvard Munch Paintings, Bio, Ideas|url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/munch-edvard/|access-date=2022-05-10|website=The Art Story}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Jennifer Connelly 2012.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Jennifer Connelly]]]]
* [[1574]] - [[Anne o Denmark]], Queen Consort o Scots (d. [[1619]])
* [[1731]] - [[Erasmus Darwin]], Inglis polymath (d. [[1802]])
* [[1766]] - [[Nikolay Karamzin]], Roushie writer (d. [[1826]])
* [[1821]] - [[Gustave Flaubert]], French writer (d. [[1880]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Flaubert, Gustave|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Flaubert,_Gustave|work=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica|volume=Volume 10|access-date=2022-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1863]] - [[Edvard Munch]], Norse penter (d. [[1944]])&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* [[1866]] - [[Alfred Werner]], Swiss chemist (d. [[1919]])
* [[1915]] - [[Frank Sinatra]], American sangster an actor (d. [[1998]])
* [[1923]] - [[Bob Barker]], American enterteener
* [[1924]] - [[Ed Koch]], 105t Mayor o [[New York Ceety]] (d. [[2013]])
* [[1928]] - [[Chinghiz Aitmatov]], Kyrgyz writer (d. [[2008]])
* [[1940]] - [[Dionne Warwick]], American sangster
* [[1945]] - [[Portia Simpson-Miller]], Jamaican politeecian
* [[1946]] - [[Emerson Fittipaldi]], Brazilian racin driver&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Emerson Fittipaldi{{!}} Formula 1®|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers/hall-of-fame/Emerson_Fittipaldi.html|access-date=2022-05-10|website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1948]] - [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]], [[Preses]] o [[Portugal]]
* [[1949]] - [[Marc Ravalomanana]], umwhile [[Preses]] o [[Madagascar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-26|title=Ravalomanana le PDG de la République {{!}} Jeuneafrique.com - le premier site d'information et d'actualité sur l'Afrique|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126014659/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/LIN14017ravaleuqilb0/|access-date=2022-05-10|website=web.archive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1949]] - [[Bill Nighy]], Inglis actor&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Family Detective|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1435154/Family-Detective.html|access-date=2022-05-10|website=www.telegraph.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1961]] - [[Daniel O'Donnell]], Erse sangster
* [[1962]] - [[Tracy Austin]], American tennis player&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=International Tennis Hall of Fame|url=https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/tracy-austin|access-date=2022-05-10|website=www.tennisfame.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1970]] - [[Jennifer Connelly]], American actress
* [[1975]] - [[Mayim Bialik]], American actress
* [[1984]] - [[Daniel Agger]], Dens fitbawer&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-08-20|title=Tournaments, latest news, latest video, futsal, beach soccer|url=https://archive.ph/LgHNS|access-date=2022-05-10|website=archive.ph|archive-date=2015-08-20|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150820151219/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=227846/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1990]] - [[Victor Moses]], Nigerie fitbawer
{{-}}

== Daiths ==
* [[1574]] - [[Selim II]], Ottoman Sultan (b. [[1524]])
* [[1842]] - [[Robert Haldane]], Scots kirkman; b. [[1764]]
* [[1913]] - [[Menelik II]], Emperor o [[Ethiopie]] (b. [[1844]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-06|title=Emperor Menelik II (Sahle Miriam) (1844-1913) •|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/emperor-menelik-ii-sahle-miriam-1844-1913/|access-date=2022-05-10|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1963]] - [[Theodor Heuss]], 1st [[Preses]] o the [[Germany|Federal Republic o Germany]] (b. [[1884]])
* [[2003]] - [[Heydar Aliyev]], Preses o [[Azerbaijan]] (b. [[1923]])
* [[2008]] - [[Tassos Papadopoulos]], [[Preses]] o [[Cyprus]] (b. [[1934]])
* [[2020]] - [[John le Carré]], Inglis novelist (b. [[1931]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-12-14|title=John le Carré: Espionage writer dies aged 89|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55297558|access-date=2022-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2020]] - [[Charley Pride]], American country sangster (b. [[1934]])
* [[2020]] - [[Jack Steinberger]], German-American physicist (b. [[1921]])

== Halidays ==
* Naitional Day o [[Kenyae]]
* Constitution Day ([[Roushie]])
* Kanji Day ([[Japan]])
* Neutrality Day ([[Turkmenistan]])

{{Commonscat}}

== Referances leet ==
[[Category:Days o the year]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>The Selkirk Grace</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>868936</id>
      <parentid>864324</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:49:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>redd up Scots</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1532" xml:space="preserve">The '''Selkirk Grace''', is a prayer said afore eatin that's event tae [[Robert Burns]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Burns Supper at Alexandria's Robert Burns Club.|url=http://www.robertburns.org.uk/burns_supper.htm|access-date=2022-03-23|website=www.robertburns.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:Some hae meat and canna eat,
:And some wad eat that want it,
:But we hae meat and we can eat,
:Sae let the Lord be Thankit!

On page 173 o ''The complete works of Robert Burns'' (Gebbie Sel-interpretin edeetion in 6 volumms furthset bi Bigelow, Brown &amp; Co., [[New York]]).  The beuk rig is embossed &quot;Library Edition&quot; an the latest copyricht date is 1909 hauden bi James Perkins &amp; Co.

Volume IV haes a fitmerk &quot;Epigram on the Laird of Laggan&quot;. The relevant pairt reads:

&quot;In connection with the poet's visit to the seat of the Earl of Selkirk, it is stated by Cunningham,{{wha}} that at one of the meals there, Burns was asked to say Grace, and he delivered what is usually styled 'The Selkirk Grace'&quot;:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is the Selkirk Grace prayer - and why is it recited on Burns Night?|url=https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/selkirk-grace-what-burns-night-prayer-where-does-tradition-come-and-whats-translation-3111529|access-date=2022-03-23|website=www.scotsman.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:Some Folk hae meat that canna eat,
:And some can eat that want it;
:But we hae meat, and we can eat,
:So let the Lord be Thanket!

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{stub/Burns}}
{{Robert Burns}}

[[Category:Scots leid]]

[[en:Selkirk Grace]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eintracht Frankfurt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>868941</id>
      <parentid>867364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:58:45Z</timestamp>
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        <username>-Lemmy-</username>
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      <text bytes="3550" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox fitbaw club
|image=[[File:Eintracht Frankfurt Logo.svg‎|150px|alt=Eintracht Frankfurt Logo]]
|fullname=Eintracht Frankfurt
|nickname=Die Adler (Eagles), &lt;br /&gt; SGE (''Sportgemeinde Eintracht''), &lt;br /&gt; Launische Diva
|clubname=Eintracht Frankfurt
|founded=[[8 March]], [[1899]]
|owner=Eintracht Frankfurt e.V.
|chairman=Peter Fischer
|ground=[[Deutsche Bank Park]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(former Waldstadion)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Frankfurt]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Germany]]
|capacity=51,500
|manager=[[Oliver Glasner]]
|league=[[Bundesliga]]
|current=
|season=[[Bundesliga]]
|season= 2021/22
|position = Bundesliga, 11-t
|website=http://www.eintracht.de/
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'''Eintracht Frankfurt''', in [[Frankfurt]] , is ae [[Germany|German]] [[fitbaw]] club, that's competin in the [[Fußball-Bundesliga]] the nou, the heichest form o competeition in Germany. 
The team plays aw thair hame gemmes at [[Deutsche Bank Park]] (whiles kent as Waldstadion).

== Honours ==

===Domestic===
* '''[[Leet o German fitbaw champions|German Champions]]'''
** '''Winner (1):''' 1959
* '''[[German Cup]]
** '''Winner (5):''' 1973–74, 1974–75, 1980–81, 1987–88, 2017–18
**'''Runners-up (3)''':  1963–64, 2005–06, 2016–17

===European===

* '''[[UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League / European Cup]]'''
** '''Runners-up (1):''' [[1959–60 European Cup|1959–60]]
* '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League]] 
** '''Winner (2):''' 1979–80, 2021–22
* '''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]] 
** '''Winner (1):''' 1966–67

===Regional===
*'''[[Soothren German fitbaw championship]]'''
**'''Champions (2)''': 1929–30, 1931–32, 
**'''Runners-up (4)''': 1912–13, 1913–14, 1927-28, 1930–31, 
*'''[[Oberliga Süd]]''' (I)
**'''Champions (2)''': 1952–53, 1958–59
**'''Runners-up (3)''': 1953–54, 1960–61, 1961–62
*'''[[Nordkreis-Liga]]''' (I)
**'''Champions (3)''': 1911–12, 1912–13, 1913–14
*'''[[Kreisliga Nordmain]]''' (I)
**'''Champions (2)''': 1919–20, 1920–21
**'''Runners-up (1)''': 1921–22
*'''[[Bezirksliga Main-Hessen]]''' (I)
**'''Champions (5)''': 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32
**'''Runners-up (1)''': 1932–33
*'''[[Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen]]''' (I)
**'''Champions (1)''': 1937–38
**'''Runners-up (1)''': 1936–37

== Fremmit Airtins ==
* [http://www.eintracht.de Eintracht Frankfurt's - offeecial wabsteid] ([[German leid|German]] or [[Inglis leid|Inglis]])
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Eintracht Frankfurt| ]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Germany|Frankfurt, Eintracht]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Hesse|Frankfurt, Eintracht]]
[[Category:Sport in Frankfurt]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1899|Frankfurt, Eintracht]]
[[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Germany|Frankfurt, Eintracht]]
[[Category:1899 establishments in Germany]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Norlin Airlan Assemlie</title>
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{{byleid|Ulster Scots}}

Tha '''Norlin Airlan Assemmlie'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2007 Annual Report |url=https://www.northsouthministerialcouncil.org/sites/northsouthministerialcouncil.org/files/publications/ulster_scots_version_text_pdf_0.pdf |website=northsouthministerialcouncil.org |publisher=North South Council o Ministers |access-date=22 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|Kent as the '''Norlin Airlan Semmlie''' an aw&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Lections fur tha Norlin Airlan Semmlie an tha cooncil thereaboots |url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/PDF/F-UlsterScots_NI.pdf |website=aboutmyvote.co.uk |access-date=22 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422195651/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/PDF/F-UlsterScots_NI.pdf |archivedate=2011-04-22 |date=22 April 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ({{lang-ga|Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann}};&lt;ref name=&quot;irish&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.achtanna.ie/ga.act.1999.0001.10.html|language=Irish|title=Comhaontú idir Rialtas na hÉireann agus Rialtas Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann ag Bunú Comhlachtaí Forfheidhmithe|accessdate=8 June 2008|publisher=[[Oireachtas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: {{lang|en|Northern Ireland Assembly}}) kent forby as '''Stormont''' (its location are tha Stormont Pairlament Biggins) is tha [[Devolution|devolved]] govrenance o [[Norlin Airlan]]. Tha Assemmlie haes mair [[Pouer (social an poleetical)|pooer]] than the [[Scots Pairlament]] anent sindèrie maitters fur Norlin Airlan whutch are nae reserved bi the [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick]] in [[Wastmeenster]], belike [[Heal|poust]], [[Eddication|lear]], [[Hoose|dwallins]], [[Agricultur|fairmin]] an tha [[Law|laa]], an kin appoint tha [[Norlin Airlan Executive]]. 

It wis estaiblisht unner the [[Belfast Greement|Guid Friday Greeance]] but haes haed mony problems gettin gaun due tae freection atween [[Unionist (Ireland)|Unionists]] an [[Erse naitionalism|Naitionalists]]. Tha Assemblie clytet in Januarie 2017 acause o policy disagreements atween its pooer-sharin leadership follaein tha [[Renewable Heat Incentive scandal|Renewable Heat Incentive stramash]]. In Januarie 2020, the British and Earse govrenments mad a greeance tae restore devolved govrenment in Norlin Airlan.

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Govrenment o Northren Ireland]]
[[Category:Ulster Scots leid]]

{{stub}}
{{stub/NIreland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Doric</title>
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      <comment>/* Pronunciation an lexis */ disambiguate</comment>
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      <text bytes="7577" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Edinburgh_National_Monument.jpg|thumb|National Monument, Calton Hill, Edinburgh]]
'''Doric''' wis aince uised as a name for aw byleids o [[Scots leid|Scots]] but is maistly uised as a name for the byleid at fowk spiks in the nor east o Scotland.

==Pronunciation an lexis==

The main differs in soond atween Doric an ither Scots byleids is as gien ablo in the IPA:
* ''wh''  is said {{IPA|/f/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍ/}} &amp;mdash; &quot;whit&quot; {{IPA|/fɪt/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍɪt/}}, &quot;wha&quot; {{IPA|/fa:/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍɑ:/}} or {{IPA|/ʍɒ:/}}.
* ''aw'', ''au'' an ''aa'' is said {{IPA|/a:/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ɑ:/}}, {{IPA|/ɒ:/}}&amp;mdash; ''aw'', '' a' '' or ''aa''.
* A ''a'' afore {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/g/}}, {{IPA|/m/}} an {{IPA|/ŋ/}} micht be {{IPA|/ə/}} or {{IPA|/ʌ/}}.
* ''ui'' (aften anglifeed ''oo'' or dialectalised ''ee'') is said {{IPA|/i(:)/}} an {{IPA|/wi(:)/}} aifter {{IPA|/g/}} an {{IPA|/k/}} e.g. ''abeen'' insteid o ''abuin'', ''gweed'' an ''kweet'' insteid of ''guid'' an ''cuit''.
* The letters ''ane'' is said {{IPA|/in/}}, e.g. in ''ane'' an ''ance''.
* Stairtin {{IPA|/g/}} an {{IPA|/k/}} as in ''gnap'' an ''knowe'' is said.
* &quot;Y&quot; {{IPA|/j/}} soonds is aften heard aifter parteeclar stairtin consonants, e.g. &quot;tyauve&quot; for ''taw''.

Doric hauds a number o wirds nae fund in ither byleids o Scots. For exemplar, it hauds a few lanewirds frae [[Scots Gaelic]], as weel as [[Norse leid|Norse]] sith it expanded intil airts whaur fowk ance spak [[Scottish Gaelic]] an intil the Eastern Hielans. But there's nae lanewirds frae [[Pictish leid|Pictish]], ither than in placenames, them beginnin wi &quot;Pit-&quot;, in parteeclar.

As wi ither airts o Scotland, the traivelin fowk haed a distinct lexis o Doric, a fair bit o it recordit in [[Stanley Robertson (folk singer)|Stanley Robertson]]'s stories.

==Origin o the name==
At ae time, the wird &quot;Doric&quot; wis uised for aw byleids o Scots as a [[joke|jocular]] reference tae the [[Dorian]] byleid o [[Greek leid|Greek]].  The Greek Dorians bade in [[Sparta]], a mair rural airt o Greece, an wis meant tae hae spoken laconicalie bi the ither ancient Greeks, uisin a wey o spikkan at wis thocht hersher in soond an mair auld farrant nor the [[Attic Greek|Attic]] spoken in [[Athens]].  [[Doric Greek]] wis uised for the verses spoken bi the [[Greek chorus|chorus]] in Greek [[tragedy]].

Uiss o the wird &quot;Doric&quot; in this wey micht cum aboot forby oot o a contrast wi the anglifeed claik o the Scots caipital, sin at ae time, [[Edinburgh]] wis bynamed 'The Athens o the North'. The upper/middle claiss wey o spikkan in Edinburgh wad tharefore be 'Attic', makkan the rural airts' claik, 'Doric'. Contrair regions like [[Lanrikshire]], far chenge driven bi industrial novation wis kenspeckle, the shires o the Mearns, [[Aiberdeen]], [[Banffshire|Banff]] an [[Moray]] bade affa landward in nature an keepit a strang sense o thair heirship an tradeetions.

The first Scot at gied the name Doric tae Scots-spikkin wis the makar [[Allan Ramsay (poet)|Aulan Ramsay]] in 1721, associatan Scots wi the landward, peasantry or wirkin fowk: it wis anither wey o sayan kintra or teuchter spik; simple, pure, an plain-spikkin. But fowk cuman efter him files eesed the name in a derogator wey, makkin oot it wis auld-farrant or couthy ayont aa. Screivars in Ingland files cryed the spik o the peasantry o Ingland Doric an-aa. 

Doric wis first eesed for tae descrive the byleid o [[North East Scots]] in 1792 fan it wis eesed bi the Banffshire-born academic [[Alexander Geddes]]. 

==Doric leeteratur==
Nor-east Scots haes a muckle body o leeteratur, maistly poetry, ballads an sangs. Whan Doric kythes in prose, it is maistly as fowk spikkin, tho this isna as common as it wis. As is aften the case wi leids on the margin, local lealties haud tae in the written form, shawin the wey the variety differs frae staundart (&quot;British&quot;) English as opposed tae the Scots &quot;norm&quot;. This shaws itsel in the local media presentation o the leid e.g. [[Grampian Television]] an [[Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]. Thae local lealties, an the relative distance frae the Central Lawlands, gies the Doric spikkers their ain wey in mony things.

The Nor East haes been cried the &quot;real hame o the ballad&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist/search/display.php?lwee37.dat ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301190621/http://www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist/search/display.php?lwee37.dat |date=2007-03-01 }} abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist&lt;/ref&gt; an Les Wheeler seys, &quot;91 oot o a gran total o (Child's) 305 ballads cam frae the North East - in fact frae Aiberdeenshire&quot;, makkin the uisual name o &quot;Border Ballad&quot; a misnomer pit aboot bi Sir [[Walter Scott]].

Doric wis uised in a wheen o sae-caed, [[Kailyard schuil|'Kailyard' leeteratur]], a genre at pents a sentimental, melodramatic pictur o the auld rural life, an is richt unfashionable ay noo. This negative association plagues Doric leeteratur til a degree yet, as weel as Scottish leeteratur in general.

The maist kenspeckle novelist tae uise Doric in his novels wis [[George MacDonald]] frae [[Huntly, Scotland|Huntly]]. He is aftimes conseedered ane o the faithers o the [[Fantasy]] genre, a influence on [[C.S. Lewis]] an Tolkien, an a freen o [[Mark Twain]].

[[Lewis Grassic Gibbon]]'s ''Scots Quair'' trilogy taks place in the [[Mearns]], an haes been the foond o a successful play an telly series. It is weel-likit aw throu Scotland, an tells the storie o Chrissie, a independent-myndit quine, maistly in a form o English wi strang influence frae the rhythms o the local claik.

A version o [[Aesop's Fables]] haes been published in Doric, as weel as sum sections o the Bible.

==Preein o Doric==

''Gin I was God'' by Charles Murray

:GIN I was God, sittin up there abeen,
:Weariet nae doot noo a my darg was deen,
:Deaved wi the harps an hymns oonendin ringin,
:Tired o the flockin angels hairse wi singin,
:To some clood-edge I'd daunder furth an, feth,
:Look ower an watch hoo things were gyaun aneth.
:Syne, gin I saw hoo men I'd made mysel
:Had startit in to pooshan, sheet an fell,
:To reive an rape, an fairly mak a hell
:O my braw birlin Earth,--a hale week's wark--
:I'd cast my coat again, rowe up my sark,
:An or they'd time to lench a second ark,
:Tak back my word an sen anither spate,
:Droon oot the hale hypothec, dicht the sklate,
:Own my mistak, an, aince I cleared the brod,
:Start a'thing ower again, gin I was God.

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Ye can aye see tae==
* [[Ulster Scots]]
* [[Shetlandic]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/mnscots.htm Technical description of Doric pronunciation]
* [http://www.rosehearty.com/features/speech/index.htm Hear Doric spoken aloud]
* [http://www.thedoricfestival.com/ The Doric Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701091235/http://www.thedoricfestival.com/ |date=2009-07-01 }}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4920268.stm Scottish MSP takes oath in Doric]
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/anglic.htm Anglic Language Varieties of Northern Scotland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228222627/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/anglic.htm |date=2007-02-28 }}
* [http://www.aboutaberdeen.com/doric.php List of Doric Words and English Translations]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3640862.stm Doric set to dae the business]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5087270.stm?ls Hotel lands uplifting Doric voice]

[[Category:Doric dialect]]
[[Category:Scots dialects]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]</text>
      <sha1>04mf01hqdk5qsq8afvp72wga7ap7a4j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868925</id>
      <parentid>868907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:33:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
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      <comment>/* Origin o the name */ eik in soorce</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7842" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Edinburgh_National_Monument.jpg|thumb|National Monument, Calton Hill, Edinburgh]]
'''Doric''' wis aince uised as a name for aw byleids o [[Scots leid|Scots]] but is maistly uised as a name for the byleid at fowk spiks in the nor east o Scotland.

==Pronunciation an lexis==

The main differs in soond atween Doric an ither Scots byleids is as gien ablo in the IPA:
* ''wh''  is said {{IPA|/f/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍ/}} &amp;mdash; &quot;whit&quot; {{IPA|/fɪt/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍɪt/}}, &quot;wha&quot; {{IPA|/fa:/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍɑ:/}} or {{IPA|/ʍɒ:/}}.
* ''aw'', ''au'' an ''aa'' is said {{IPA|/a:/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ɑ:/}}, {{IPA|/ɒ:/}}&amp;mdash; ''aw'', '' a' '' or ''aa''.
* A ''a'' afore {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/g/}}, {{IPA|/m/}} an {{IPA|/ŋ/}} micht be {{IPA|/ə/}} or {{IPA|/ʌ/}}.
* ''ui'' (aften anglifeed ''oo'' or dialectalised ''ee'') is said {{IPA|/i(:)/}} an {{IPA|/wi(:)/}} aifter {{IPA|/g/}} an {{IPA|/k/}} e.g. ''abeen'' insteid o ''abuin'', ''gweed'' an ''kweet'' insteid of ''guid'' an ''cuit''.
* The letters ''ane'' is said {{IPA|/in/}}, e.g. in ''ane'' an ''ance''.
* Stairtin {{IPA|/g/}} an {{IPA|/k/}} as in ''gnap'' an ''knowe'' is said.
* &quot;Y&quot; {{IPA|/j/}} soonds is aften heard aifter parteeclar stairtin consonants, e.g. &quot;tyauve&quot; for ''taw''.

Doric hauds a number o wirds nae fund in ither byleids o Scots. For exemplar, it hauds a few lanewirds frae [[Scots Gaelic]], as weel as [[Norse leid|Norse]] sith it expanded intil airts whaur fowk ance spak [[Scottish Gaelic]] an intil the Eastern Hielans. But there's nae lanewirds frae [[Pictish leid|Pictish]], ither than in placenames, them beginnin wi &quot;Pit-&quot;, in parteeclar.

As wi ither airts o Scotland, the traivelin fowk haed a distinct lexis o Doric, a fair bit o it recordit in [[Stanley Robertson (folk singer)|Stanley Robertson]]'s stories.

==Origin o the name==
At ae time, the wird &quot;Doric&quot; wis uised for aw byleids o Scots as a [[joke|jocular]] reference tae the [[Dorian]] byleid o [[Greek leid|Greek]].  The Greek Dorians bade in [[Sparta]], a mair rural airt o Greece, an wis meant tae hae spoken laconicalie bi the ither ancient Greeks, uisin a wey o spikkan at wis thocht hersher in soond an mair auld farrant nor the [[Attic Greek|Attic]] spoken in [[Athens]].  [[Doric Greek]] wis uised for the verses spoken bi the [[Greek chorus|chorus]] in Greek [[tragedy]].

Uiss o the wird &quot;Doric&quot; in this wey micht cum aboot forby oot o a contrast wi the anglifeed claik o the Scots caipital, sin at ae time, [[Edinburgh]] wis bynamed 'The Athens o the North'. The upper/middle claiss wey o spikkan in Edinburgh wad tharefore be 'Attic', makkan the rural airts' claik, 'Doric'. Contrair regions like [[Lanrikshire]], far chenge driven bi industrial novation wis kenspeckle, the shires o the Mearns, [[Aiberdeen]], [[Banffshire|Banff]] an [[Moray]] bade affa landward in nature an keepit a strang sense o thair heirship an tradeetions.

The first Scot at gied the name Doric tae Scots-spikkin wis the makar [[Allan Ramsay (poet)|Aulan Ramsay]] in 1721, associatan Scots wi the landward, peasantry or wirkin fowk: it wis anither wey o sayan kintra or teuchter spik; simple, pure, an plain-spikkin. But fowk cuman efter him files eesed the name in a derogator wey, makkin oot it wis auld-farrant or couthy ayont aa. Screivars in Ingland files cryed the spik o the peasantry o Ingland Doric an-aa. 

Doric wis first eesed for tae descrive the byleid o [[North East Scots]] in 1792 fan it wis eesed bi the Banffshire-born academic [[Alexander Geddes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=McClure|first=J. Derrick|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw|title=Doric : the dialect of North-East Scotland|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|year=2002|series=Varieties of English Around the World|location=Amsterdam|pages=24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Doric leeteratur==
Nor-east Scots haes a muckle body o leeteratur, maistly poetry, ballads an sangs. Whan Doric kythes in prose, it is maistly as fowk spikkin, tho this isna as common as it wis. As is aften the case wi leids on the margin, local lealties haud tae in the written form, shawin the wey the variety differs frae staundart (&quot;British&quot;) English as opposed tae the Scots &quot;norm&quot;. This shaws itsel in the local media presentation o the leid e.g. [[Grampian Television]] an [[Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]. Thae local lealties, an the relative distance frae the Central Lawlands, gies the Doric spikkers their ain wey in mony things.

The Nor East haes been cried the &quot;real hame o the ballad&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist/search/display.php?lwee37.dat ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301190621/http://www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist/search/display.php?lwee37.dat |date=2007-03-01 }} abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist&lt;/ref&gt; an Les Wheeler seys, &quot;91 oot o a gran total o (Child's) 305 ballads cam frae the North East - in fact frae Aiberdeenshire&quot;, makkin the uisual name o &quot;Border Ballad&quot; a misnomer pit aboot bi Sir [[Walter Scott]].

Doric wis uised in a wheen o sae-caed, [[Kailyard schuil|'Kailyard' leeteratur]], a genre at pents a sentimental, melodramatic pictur o the auld rural life, an is richt unfashionable ay noo. This negative association plagues Doric leeteratur til a degree yet, as weel as Scottish leeteratur in general.

The maist kenspeckle novelist tae uise Doric in his novels wis [[George MacDonald]] frae [[Huntly, Scotland|Huntly]]. He is aftimes conseedered ane o the faithers o the [[Fantasy]] genre, a influence on [[C.S. Lewis]] an Tolkien, an a freen o [[Mark Twain]].

[[Lewis Grassic Gibbon]]'s ''Scots Quair'' trilogy taks place in the [[Mearns]], an haes been the foond o a successful play an telly series. It is weel-likit aw throu Scotland, an tells the storie o Chrissie, a independent-myndit quine, maistly in a form o English wi strang influence frae the rhythms o the local claik.

A version o [[Aesop's Fables]] haes been published in Doric, as weel as sum sections o the Bible.

==Preein o Doric==

''Gin I was God'' by Charles Murray

:GIN I was God, sittin up there abeen,
:Weariet nae doot noo a my darg was deen,
:Deaved wi the harps an hymns oonendin ringin,
:Tired o the flockin angels hairse wi singin,
:To some clood-edge I'd daunder furth an, feth,
:Look ower an watch hoo things were gyaun aneth.
:Syne, gin I saw hoo men I'd made mysel
:Had startit in to pooshan, sheet an fell,
:To reive an rape, an fairly mak a hell
:O my braw birlin Earth,--a hale week's wark--
:I'd cast my coat again, rowe up my sark,
:An or they'd time to lench a second ark,
:Tak back my word an sen anither spate,
:Droon oot the hale hypothec, dicht the sklate,
:Own my mistak, an, aince I cleared the brod,
:Start a'thing ower again, gin I was God.

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Ye can aye see tae==
* [[Ulster Scots]]
* [[Shetlandic]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/mnscots.htm Technical description of Doric pronunciation]
* [http://www.rosehearty.com/features/speech/index.htm Hear Doric spoken aloud]
* [http://www.thedoricfestival.com/ The Doric Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701091235/http://www.thedoricfestival.com/ |date=2009-07-01 }}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4920268.stm Scottish MSP takes oath in Doric]
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/anglic.htm Anglic Language Varieties of Northern Scotland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228222627/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/anglic.htm |date=2007-02-28 }}
* [http://www.aboutaberdeen.com/doric.php List of Doric Words and English Translations]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3640862.stm Doric set to dae the business]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5087270.stm?ls Hotel lands uplifting Doric voice]

[[Category:Doric dialect]]
[[Category:Scots dialects]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]</text>
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        <id>6841</id>
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      <comment>eik in link til Northren Scots</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7866" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Edinburgh_National_Monument.jpg|thumb|National Monument, Calton Hill, Edinburgh]]
'''Doric''' wis aince uised as a name for aw byleids o [[Scots leid|Scots]] but is maistly uised as a name for the byleid at fowk spiks in the nor east o Scotland, Mid [[Northren Scots]].

==Pronunciation an lexis==

The main differs in soond atween Doric an ither Scots byleids is as gien ablo in the IPA:
* ''wh''  is said {{IPA|/f/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍ/}} &amp;mdash; &quot;whit&quot; {{IPA|/fɪt/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍɪt/}}, &quot;wha&quot; {{IPA|/fa:/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ʍɑ:/}} or {{IPA|/ʍɒ:/}}.
* ''aw'', ''au'' an ''aa'' is said {{IPA|/a:/}} insteid o {{IPA|/ɑ:/}}, {{IPA|/ɒ:/}}&amp;mdash; ''aw'', '' a' '' or ''aa''.
* A ''a'' afore {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/g/}}, {{IPA|/m/}} an {{IPA|/ŋ/}} micht be {{IPA|/ə/}} or {{IPA|/ʌ/}}.
* ''ui'' (aften anglifeed ''oo'' or dialectalised ''ee'') is said {{IPA|/i(:)/}} an {{IPA|/wi(:)/}} aifter {{IPA|/g/}} an {{IPA|/k/}} e.g. ''abeen'' insteid o ''abuin'', ''gweed'' an ''kweet'' insteid of ''guid'' an ''cuit''.
* The letters ''ane'' is said {{IPA|/in/}}, e.g. in ''ane'' an ''ance''.
* Stairtin {{IPA|/g/}} an {{IPA|/k/}} as in ''gnap'' an ''knowe'' is said.
* &quot;Y&quot; {{IPA|/j/}} soonds is aften heard aifter parteeclar stairtin consonants, e.g. &quot;tyauve&quot; for ''taw''.

Doric hauds a number o wirds nae fund in ither byleids o Scots. For exemplar, it hauds a few lanewirds frae [[Scots Gaelic]], as weel as [[Norse leid|Norse]] sith it expanded intil airts whaur fowk ance spak [[Scottish Gaelic]] an intil the Eastern Hielans. But there's nae lanewirds frae [[Pictish leid|Pictish]], ither than in placenames, them beginnin wi &quot;Pit-&quot;, in parteeclar.

As wi ither airts o Scotland, the traivelin fowk haed a distinct lexis o Doric, a fair bit o it recordit in [[Stanley Robertson (folk singer)|Stanley Robertson]]'s stories.

==Origin o the name==
At ae time, the wird &quot;Doric&quot; wis uised for aw byleids o Scots as a [[joke|jocular]] reference tae the [[Dorian]] byleid o [[Greek leid|Greek]].  The Greek Dorians bade in [[Sparta]], a mair rural airt o Greece, an wis meant tae hae spoken laconicalie bi the ither ancient Greeks, uisin a wey o spikkan at wis thocht hersher in soond an mair auld farrant nor the [[Attic Greek|Attic]] spoken in [[Athens]].  [[Doric Greek]] wis uised for the verses spoken bi the [[Greek chorus|chorus]] in Greek [[tragedy]].

Uiss o the wird &quot;Doric&quot; in this wey micht cum aboot forby oot o a contrast wi the anglifeed claik o the Scots caipital, sin at ae time, [[Edinburgh]] wis bynamed 'The Athens o the North'. The upper/middle claiss wey o spikkan in Edinburgh wad tharefore be 'Attic', makkan the rural airts' claik, 'Doric'. Contrair regions like [[Lanrikshire]], far chenge driven bi industrial novation wis kenspeckle, the shires o the Mearns, [[Aiberdeen]], [[Banffshire|Banff]] an [[Moray]] bade affa landward in nature an keepit a strang sense o thair heirship an tradeetions.

The first Scot at gied the name Doric tae Scots-spikkin wis the makar [[Allan Ramsay (poet)|Aulan Ramsay]] in 1721, associatan Scots wi the landward, peasantry or wirkin fowk: it wis anither wey o sayan kintra or teuchter spik; simple, pure, an plain-spikkin. But fowk cuman efter him files eesed the name in a derogator wey, makkin oot it wis auld-farrant or couthy ayont aa. Screivars in Ingland files cryed the spik o the peasantry o Ingland Doric an-aa. 

Doric wis first eesed for tae descrive the byleid o [[North East Scots]] in 1792 fan it wis eesed bi the Banffshire-born academic [[Alexander Geddes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=McClure|first=J. Derrick|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw|title=Doric : the dialect of North-East Scotland|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|year=2002|series=Varieties of English Around the World|location=Amsterdam|pages=24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Doric leeteratur==
Nor-east Scots haes a muckle body o leeteratur, maistly poetry, ballads an sangs. Whan Doric kythes in prose, it is maistly as fowk spikkin, tho this isna as common as it wis. As is aften the case wi leids on the margin, local lealties haud tae in the written form, shawin the wey the variety differs frae staundart (&quot;British&quot;) English as opposed tae the Scots &quot;norm&quot;. This shaws itsel in the local media presentation o the leid e.g. [[Grampian Television]] an [[Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]. Thae local lealties, an the relative distance frae the Central Lawlands, gies the Doric spikkers their ain wey in mony things.

The Nor East haes been cried the &quot;real hame o the ballad&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist/search/display.php?lwee37.dat ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301190621/http://www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist/search/display.php?lwee37.dat |date=2007-03-01 }} abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist&lt;/ref&gt; an Les Wheeler seys, &quot;91 oot o a gran total o (Child's) 305 ballads cam frae the North East - in fact frae Aiberdeenshire&quot;, makkin the uisual name o &quot;Border Ballad&quot; a misnomer pit aboot bi Sir [[Walter Scott]].

Doric wis uised in a wheen o sae-caed, [[Kailyard schuil|'Kailyard' leeteratur]], a genre at pents a sentimental, melodramatic pictur o the auld rural life, an is richt unfashionable ay noo. This negative association plagues Doric leeteratur til a degree yet, as weel as Scottish leeteratur in general.

The maist kenspeckle novelist tae uise Doric in his novels wis [[George MacDonald]] frae [[Huntly, Scotland|Huntly]]. He is aftimes conseedered ane o the faithers o the [[Fantasy]] genre, a influence on [[C.S. Lewis]] an Tolkien, an a freen o [[Mark Twain]].

[[Lewis Grassic Gibbon]]'s ''Scots Quair'' trilogy taks place in the [[Mearns]], an haes been the foond o a successful play an telly series. It is weel-likit aw throu Scotland, an tells the storie o Chrissie, a independent-myndit quine, maistly in a form o English wi strang influence frae the rhythms o the local claik.

A version o [[Aesop's Fables]] haes been published in Doric, as weel as sum sections o the Bible.

==Preein o Doric==

''Gin I was God'' by Charles Murray

:GIN I was God, sittin up there abeen,
:Weariet nae doot noo a my darg was deen,
:Deaved wi the harps an hymns oonendin ringin,
:Tired o the flockin angels hairse wi singin,
:To some clood-edge I'd daunder furth an, feth,
:Look ower an watch hoo things were gyaun aneth.
:Syne, gin I saw hoo men I'd made mysel
:Had startit in to pooshan, sheet an fell,
:To reive an rape, an fairly mak a hell
:O my braw birlin Earth,--a hale week's wark--
:I'd cast my coat again, rowe up my sark,
:An or they'd time to lench a second ark,
:Tak back my word an sen anither spate,
:Droon oot the hale hypothec, dicht the sklate,
:Own my mistak, an, aince I cleared the brod,
:Start a'thing ower again, gin I was God.

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Ye can aye see tae==
* [[Ulster Scots]]
* [[Shetlandic]]

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/mnscots.htm Technical description of Doric pronunciation]
* [http://www.rosehearty.com/features/speech/index.htm Hear Doric spoken aloud]
* [http://www.thedoricfestival.com/ The Doric Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701091235/http://www.thedoricfestival.com/ |date=2009-07-01 }}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4920268.stm Scottish MSP takes oath in Doric]
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/anglic.htm Anglic Language Varieties of Northern Scotland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228222627/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/anglic.htm |date=2007-02-28 }}
* [http://www.aboutaberdeen.com/doric.php List of Doric Words and English Translations]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3640862.stm Doric set to dae the business]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5087270.stm?ls Hotel lands uplifting Doric voice]

[[Category:Doric dialect]]
[[Category:Scots dialects]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]</text>
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{{Fixscots}}
The '''''Dictionar o the Scots Leid''''' (DSL) is an onwab [[Scots leid|Scots]]-[[Inglis leid|Inglis]] dictionar, ran bi [[Scottish Language Dictionaries]] Ltd, a cherity an leemitit company. The dictionar is freely appen on the wab an compreises the twa leadin dictionar o the [[Scots leid]]:
*the 12-volume [[Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue]] (DOST; '''Scots''': Dictionar o the auld Scots tung)
*the 10-volume [[Scottish National Dictionary]] (SND; '''Scots''': National Dictionar o Scotland)
DOST contains information aboot [[Aulder Scots]] wirds in uise frae the 12t tae the end o the 17t yearhunners ([[Early Scots|Early]] an [[Middle Scots]]); an SND contains information anent Scots wirds in uise frae 1700 tae the 1970s ([[Modren Scots]]). Thegither thon 22 volume gies a comprehensive history o Scots. The SND Bibliography an the DOST Register o Titles haes been digitised an aw, an can be sairched in the same wey as the main data files. A new supplement, compilit bi Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, wis addit in 2005.

The digitisation project, that ran frae Februar 2001 tae Januar 2004, wis based at the [[Varsity o Dundee]], wi some ither pootch stoop frae the Scottish Executive, the Arts and Humanities Research Board, Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, the Russell Trust, an the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. The project wis direckit bi Victor Skretkowicz an editit bi Susan Rennie.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://app.dundee.ac.uk/pressoffice/contact/2002/may/scotsweb.htm | title=Scots wha hae web access | work=[[Contact Magazine]] | date=May 2002 | access-date=14 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://app.dundee.ac.uk/pressreleases/prjun02/mspscotslanguage.htm | title=MSP supports Scots language project | date=June 2002 | access-date=6 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3565117.stm | title=Online move for Scots language | date=March 2004 | access-date=8 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==See an aw==
* [[Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue]]

==Freemit Airtins==
*[http://www.dsl.ac.uk Dictionar o the Scots Leid]
*[http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114220539/http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ |date=2013-01-14 }}
*[http://www.nls.uk/catalogues/online/cnmi/inventories/acc11936.pdf (PDF file) Inventory] of the Scottish National Dictionary Association at the National Library of Scotland

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:2000s establishments]]
[[Category:Scots leid| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2568" xml:space="preserve">The '''''Dictionar o the Scots Leid''''' (DSL) is an onwab [[Scots leid|Scots]]-[[Inglis leid|Inglis]] dictionar, ran bi [[Scottish Language Dictionaries]] Ltd, a cherity an leemitit company. The dictionar is freely appen on the wab an compreises the twa leadin dictionar o the [[Scots leid]]:
*the 12-volume [[Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue]] (DOST; '''Scots''': Dictionar o the auld Scots tung)
*the 10-volume [[Scottish National Dictionary]] (SND; '''Scots''': National Dictionar o Scotland)
DOST contains information aboot [[Aulder Scots]] wirds in uise frae the 12t tae the end o the 17t yearhunners ([[Early Scots|Early]] an [[Middle Scots]]); an SND contains information anent Scots wirds in uise frae 1700 tae the 1970s ([[Modren Scots]]). Thegither thon 22 volume gies a comprehensive history o Scots. The SND Bibliography an the DOST Register o Titles haes been digitised an aw, an can be sairched in the same wey as the main data files. A new supplement, compilit bi Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, wis addit in 2005.

The digitisation project, that ran frae Februar 2001 tae Januar 2004, wis based at the [[Varsity o Dundee]], wi some ither pootch stoop frae the Scottish Executive, the Arts and Humanities Research Board, Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd, the Russell Trust, an the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. The project wis direckit bi Victor Skretkowicz an editit bi Susan Rennie.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://app.dundee.ac.uk/pressoffice/contact/2002/may/scotsweb.htm | title=Scots wha hae web access | work=[[Contact Magazine]] | date=May 2002 | access-date=14 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://app.dundee.ac.uk/pressreleases/prjun02/mspscotslanguage.htm | title=MSP supports Scots language project | date=June 2002 | access-date=6 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3565117.stm | title=Online move for Scots language | date=March 2004 | access-date=8 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==See an aw==
* [[Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue]]

==Freemit Airtins==
*[http://www.dsl.ac.uk Dictionar o the Scots Leid]
*[http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114220539/http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ |date=2013-01-14 }}
*[http://www.nls.uk/catalogues/online/cnmi/inventories/acc11936.pdf (PDF file) Inventory] of the Scottish National Dictionary Association at the National Library of Scotland

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:2000s establishments]]
[[Category:Scots leid| ]]</text>
      <sha1>hia2yvq465nw3tv40wxli0f0nxvx8v3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Central Bikolano leid</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868893</id>
      <parentid>863055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T12:56:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Otterfolwer</username>
        <id>90944</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dialectal variation */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5600" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
|name=Central Bikolano
|altname=
|nativename=''Bikol Sentral''
|states=[[Philippines]]
|region=[[Bicol Region|Bicol]]
|ethnicity=[[Bicolano fowk]]
|speakers=2.5 million
|date=1990 census
|ref=e18
|speakers2=6t maist spoken native leid in the Philippines&lt;ref&gt;Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesie leids|Malayo-Polynesie]]
|fam3=[[Philippine leids|Philippine]]
|fam4=[[Central Philippine leids|Central Philippine]]
|fam5=[[Bikol leids]]
|fam6=[[Coastal Bikol]]
|script=[[Laitin script|Laitin]] ([[Abakada|Bikol alphabet]])&lt;br&gt;[[Bikol Braille]]&lt;br /&gt;''Historically [[Baybayin]]''
|nation=[[Regional leid]] in the [[Philippines]]
|agency=[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]]
|iso3=bcl
|glotto=cent2087
|glottorefname=Central Bicolano
|notice=IPA
}}

'''Central Bikolano''' (also kent as Bikol Sentral) is ane o the individual leids o the [[Bikol leids]]. It belangs tae [[Coastal Bikol]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_iso639.asp?code=bik |title=Ethnologue report for ISO 639 code: bik |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=2010-01-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;  It is spoken in Bicol Region o the Philippines (Region V).

== Bikol-Naga ==
''Bikol-Naga'', a dialect o Central Bicolano based in Naga Ceety an widely considered as the essential local foondation o Staundart Bikol, is plainly unnerstuid alang wi Bikol-Legazpi, based in Legazpi Ceety, bi maist Bikol speakers. It is spoken in the first an seicont districts o [[Camarines Sur]] (except in [[Del Gallego, Camarines Sur|Del Gallego]], where residents are maistly [[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]] speakers) an in [[San Pascual, Masbate]]. ''Bikol-Legazpi'' is spoken in the eastren coast o [[Albay]] an northren [[Sorsogon]]. 

Ither common dialects include ''Bikol-Daet'', spoken in [[Daet, Camarines Norte|Daet]] an adjacent touns in [[Camarines Norte]], an ''[[Bikol-Partido]]'', spoken in the 3rd Destrict o Camarines Sur an in [[Virac, Catanduanes|Virac]], [[San Andres, Catanduanes|San Andres]] an soothren part of [[Caramoran, Catanduanes|Caramoran]] in Catanduanes. ''[[Iriga Bicolano|Bikol-Rinconada]]'', spoken in the 4t Destrict o Camarines Sur particularly in the touns or villages near Iriga Ceety is a separate dialect.

=== Dialectal variation ===

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Tagalog leid]]
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Standard Bikol
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Bikol - Naga dialect
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Bikol - Partido dialect
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Bikol - Legazpi dialect
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Bikol - Daet dialect
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Bikol - Virac dialect
! style=&quot;background:#efefff;&quot; | [[Bicolano (Iriga)|Bikol Rinconada]] leid
! style=&quot;background:#efefff;&quot; | Waray Sorsogon leid (Irosin dialect)
|-
|''Dito sa bagong mesa pinakain ng itlog at tinapay ang babae.''
|Digdi sa bâgong lamesa pinakakan nin sugok asin tinapay an babayi.
|Digdi sa bâgong lamesa '''pigpakakan''' nin sugok '''saka''' tinapay '''si''' babayi. 
|'''Igdi''' sa '''bag-ong''' lamesa '''tigpakakan''' nin sugok '''sagkod''' tinapay '''su bayi'''.
|Digdi sa bâgong lamesa '''pigpakaon ki bunáy budâ''' tinapay '''su''' babayi.
|Digdi sa '''bágong''' lamesa '''pinakain ning itlog at''' tinapay '''si babai'''.
|Digdi sa bâgong lamesa '''pinakaon ning''' sugok '''budâ''' tinapay '''su''' babayi.
|'''Sadi''' sa '''bágong''' lamesa '''pinakaön ka itlog ag''' tinapay '''su babayi'''.
|Didi sa '''bag-o na''' lamesa '''inpakaon sin bunay nan''' tinapay '''su babayi'''. 
|-
|''Bakit nga kaya hindi lumipad ang ibon ni Pedro kahit na walang kandado ang kulungan.''
|Tàdaw tà dai luminayog an gamgam ni Pedro dawà na dài nin kandado an hawla?
|'''Tâno''' daw tà dài '''naglayog''' an gamgam ni Pedro dawà na '''mayò''' nin kandado '''si''' hawla?
|'''Hadaw''' ta '''ê naglayog''' an gamgam ni Pedro '''maski''' na '''ê''' nin kandado '''su''' hawla?
|'''Natà''' daw tà dài '''naglayog''' an '''bayong''' ni Pedro '''maski''' na '''warâ ki''' kandado '''su''' hawla?
|'''Bakin''' daw '''kayâ''' dài '''naglupad ang ibon''' ni Pedro '''maski''' na  '''mayong''' kandado '''si''' hawla?
|'''Ngatà''' daw ta '''dài nagḽayog''' an gamgam ni Pedro '''maski''' na '''dàing''' kandado '''su''' hawla? 
|'''Tàono/Ngatà raw''' tà '''diri naglayog adtong bayong''' ni Pedro '''dawa''' na '''üda ka''' kandado '''su awla'''?
|'''Nakay''' daw '''kay diri naglupad''' an '''tamsi''' ni Pedro '''maski''' na '''wara sin''' kandado '''su''' hawla?
|}

Like ither [[leids o the Philippines|Philippine leids]], Bikol haes a number o loanwirds, lairgely [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] as a result o 333 years o [[History o the Philippines (1565-1898)|Spaingie rule]] in the Philippines. This includes ''suerte'' (luck), ''karne'' (''carne'', meat), ''imbestigador'' (''investigador'', investigator), ''litro'' (liter), ''pero'' (but), an ''krimen'' (''crimen'', creeme). Anither source o loanwirds is [[Sanskrit leid|Sanskrit]], wi wirds like ''hade'' (keeng) an [[karma]].

== See an aa ==
*[[Bikol leids]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* Lobel, Jason William, Wilmer Joseph S Tria, and Jose Maria Z Carpio. 2000. ''An satuyang tataramon / A study of the Bikol language''. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel &amp; Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.

== Freemit airtins ==
{{InterWiki|code=bcl}}
*[http://bikoltranslator.blogspot.com Translate Bikol]

{{Bikol leids}}
{{Leids o the Philippines}}

[[Category:Bikol leids]]
[[Category:Leids o the Philippines]]</text>
      <sha1>jr57jd8vdalztkao5tu7f5ok059ag4v</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maria Sharapova</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868911</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:15:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Introduction tae tennis */ redd up Scots</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140410" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots}}

{{Infobox tennis biography
|name=Maria Sharapova &lt;!-- PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO PLACE THE RELATED DATE IN THE &quot;UPDATED&quot; PARAMETER BELOW AFTER EACH UPDATE, THANKS --&gt;
|nickname=Masha([[Diminutive#Roushie|diminutive]])
|image=Maria Sharapova, December 2008.jpg
|image_size= 200px
|caption=
|country={{flag|Roushie}}
|residence=[[Bradenton, Florida]], &lt;br&gt;[[United States]]
|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|4|19}}
|birth_place=[[Nyagan]], [[Roushie SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
|height=&lt;!-- UNSOURCED CHANGES TO THIS WILL BE REMOVED --&gt;.88 m (6 ft 2 in)&lt;ref name=&quot;wtatennis&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~9499,00.html|title=WTA &amp;#124; Players &amp;#124; Stats &amp;#124; Maria Sharapova|publisher=Wtatennis.com|accessdate=January 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|weight=&lt;!-- UNSOURCED CHANGES TO THIS WILL BE REMOVED --&gt;{{convert|59|kg|lb}}&lt;ref name=&quot;wtatennis&quot;/&gt;
|turnedpro=19 Aprile 2001
|retired=
|plays=Richt-haundit (twa-haundit backhaund)
|careerprizemoney=[[Unitit States dollar|$]]23,151,623&lt;ref&gt;WTA Official Site: [http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Rankings_Stats/Millionaires.pdf WTA Million Dollar Club]. Retrieved October 8, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
*&lt;small&gt;[[WTA Tour records#WTA Prize money leaders|4t in aw-time rankins]]&lt;/small&gt;
|singlesrecord= 472–115 (80.41%)
|singlestitles=27 WTA, 4 ITF
|highestsinglesranking=No. '''1''' (22 August 2005)
|currentsinglesranking=No. 180 (Julie 3, 2017)
|AustralianOpenresult='''W''' ([[:en:2008 Australian Open – Women's Singles|2008]])
|FrenchOpenresult='''W''' ([[:en:2012 French Open – Women's Singles|2012]])
|Wimbledonresult='''W''' ([[:en:2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles|2004]])
|USOpenresult='''W''' ([[:en:2006 US Open – Women's Singles|2006]])
|Othertournaments=Yes
|WTAChampionshipsresult='''W''' ([[:en:2004 WTA Tour Championships - Singles|2004]])
|Olympicsresult = [[Image:Silver medal.svg|20px]] [[Olympic medal|Siller medal]] ([[:en:Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|2012]])
|doublesrecord=23–17
|doublestitles=3 WTA
|highestdoublesranking=No. 41 (14 Juin 2004)
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult= 2R (2003, 2004)
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult=
|WimbledonDoublesresult=
|USOpenDoublesresult= 2R (2003)
|updated=December 31, 2012  
}}
{{MedalTop}}
{{MedalSport | Weemen's [[:en:Tennis at the Summer Olympics|tennis]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{flag|Roushie}}}}
{{MedalSilver | [[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]] | [[:en:Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Singles]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}

'''Maria Yuryevna Sharapova''' ({{lang-rus|Мари́я Ю́рьевна Шара́пова|p=mɐˈrʲijə ˈjʉrʲjɪvnə ʂɐˈrapəvə|a=Maria_sharapova.ogg}}; born 19 April 1987) is a [[Roushies|Roushie]] professional [[tennis]] player, that is rankit warld No. 180 bi the [[Weemen's Tennis Association]] (WTA). A [[Permanent residence (United States)|United States resident]] syne 1994,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/usopen/8728691/US-Open-2011-Elena-Baltacha-warns-Heather-Watson-of-the-extreme-intensity-of-Maria-Sharapova.html|title=US Open 2011: Elena Baltacha warns Heather Watson of the extreme intensity of Maria Sharapova|work=The Telegraph|author=Simon Briggs|date=August 28, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova haes competit on the WTA tour syne 2001. She haes been rankit [[List of WTA number 1 ranked players|warld No. 1]] in singles bi the WTA on five separate occasions, for a tot o 21 weeks. She is ane o ten weemen, an the ae Roushie, tae haud the [[Grand Slam (tennis)#Career Grand Slam|career Grand Slam]] an is an [[Olympic medalist]], haein earnt [[Olympic silver medal|silver]] for Roushie in [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics - Weemen's singles|weemen's singles]] at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] in [[Lunnon]].

Sharapova became the warld No. 1 for the first time on August 22, 2005 at the age o 18, an last haudit the rankin for the fift time for fower week frae 11 Juin 2012 til 8 Julie 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/Notes&amp;Netcords/2012/july16.pdf|title=Notes&amp; Netcords|date=July 16, 2012|publisher=WTA|accessdate=May 19, 2013|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Maria-Sharapova-reclaims-world-number-one-ranking/tabid/415/articleID/257186/Default.aspx|title=Maria Sharapova reclaims world number one ranking|publisher=MediaWorks TV|work=3News|date=June 8, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728161149/http://www.3news.co.nz/Maria-Sharapova-reclaims-world-number-one-ranking/tabid/415/articleID/257186/Default.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her 35 singles titles an five [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] titles — twa at the [[French Open]] an ane ilka at the [[Australian Open]], [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] an the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] — rank third amang active players, ahint [[Serena Williams|Serena]] an [[Venus Williams]]. She won the year-endin [[WTA Finals]] in her debut in 2004. She haes won three doubles titles anaa.

Despite an injury-prone career, Sharapova haes achieved a rare level o longevity in the weemen’s gemme. She haes won at least ane singles title a year frae 2003 until 2015, a streak anly bested bi [[Steffi Graf]], [[Martina Navratilova]] an [[Chris Evert]]. Several tennis pundits an umwhile players hae cried Sharapova ane o tennis’s best competitors, wi [[John McEnroe]] calling her ane o the best the sport haes ever seen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZUeNoPV-F0 | title= McEnroe Insights: Maria Sharapova|publisher=Youtube|work=3News|date=January 26, 2011|accessdate=January 11, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova haes been featurt in a feck o modelin assignments, includin a featur in the ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue]]''. She appeared in mony advertisements, includin thaim for Nike, Prince, an Canon, bein the face o several [[fashion house]]s, maist notably [[Cole Haan]]. Syne Februar 2007, she haes been a [[UNDP Goodwill Ambassador|United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador]], concerned speceefically wi the [[Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme]]. In Juin 2011, she wis named ane o the &quot;30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future&quot; bi ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future – Maria Sharapova|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2079150_2079148_2079118,00.html|work=[[Time Magazine|Time]]|accessdate=August 19, 2011|author=William Lee Adams|date=June 22, 2011|archive-date=2012-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228142231/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2079150_2079148_2079118,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an in Mairch 2012 wis named ane o the &quot;[[100 Greatest of All Time]]&quot; bi [[Tennis Channel]].

==Early life==
Maria Sharapova wis born on 19 Aprile 1987 in [[Nyagan]], [[Roushie SFSR]]. Her parents, Yuri an Yelena, are frae [[Gomel]], [[Belarussian SSR]]. Concerned aboot the regional effecks o the 1986 [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl nuclear accident]], thay left thair homeland shortly afore Sharapova wis born.&lt;ref name=&quot;ITH_2007_08_13&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/lib/14164248/|publisher=[[Lenta.ru]]|script-title=ru:Шарапова, Мария|trans_title=Sharapova, Maria|language=Roushie|accessdate=2013-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Introduction tae tennis===
In 1989, whan Sharapova wis twa, the faimily flittit tae [[Sochi]], [[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Roushie]]. Ance yonder, her faither Yuri befreindit Aleksandr Kafelnikov, whase son [[Yevgeny Kafelnikov|Yevgeny]] wad gang on tae win twa Grand Slam singles titles an acome Roushie's first warld No. 1 rankit tennis player. Aleksandr gied Sharapova her first tennis racquet in 1991 whan she wis fower, whaurupn she began practicin raiglar-lik wi her faither at a local pairk.&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Paul Kimmage|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article3177376.ece|title=The Big Interview: Maria Sharapova|work=[[The Times]]|date=January 13, 2008|accessdate=2008-07-23|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maria teuk her first tennis lessons wi veteran Roushie coach Yuri Yutkin, wha wis instantly impressed whan he saw her play, notin her &quot;exceptional [[haun-ee coordination]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Article&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-11732071-masha-was-a-star-at-four.do|author=Will Stewart|work=London Evening Standard|location=UK|title='Masha' was a star at four|date=July 2, 2004|accessdate=2010-06-12|archive-date=2011-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707185603/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-11732071-masha-was-a-star-at-four.do|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Start o professional training===
In 1993, at the age o sax, Sharapova attendit a tennis clinic in Moscow run bi [[Martina Navratilova]], wha recommendit professional trainin at the [[Nick Bollettieri|Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy]] in [[Bradenton, Florida]], whilk haed previously trained players lik [[Andre Agassi]], [[Monica Seles]], an [[Anna Kournikova]].&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;/&gt; Wi him bein skint, Yuri Sharapov borraed the sum that wad enable him an his dochter, neither o wham coud speak the Inglis, tae traivel tae the United States o Americae, whilk thay finally did in 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;Article&quot; /&gt; Visa restrictions preventit Sharapova's mither frae jynin thaim for twa year.&lt;ref name=&quot;ITH_2007_08_13&quot;/&gt; Arrivin in Florida wi savings o US$700,&lt;ref name=&quot;Article&quot; /&gt; Sharapova's faither teuk various law-paying jobs, includin dishwashing, tae fund her lessons tilt she wis auld eneuch tae be admit tae the academy. Afore she entert the IMG business, she trained wi Rick Macci, in the Rick Macci Tennis Academy. She wis then offered a deal frae IMG whilk forced her tae chynge academies. Oreeginally, she did train wi Rick Macci, but efter the deal wi IMG, she coudnae see Rick Macci ony mair.  In 1995, she wis signed bi [[IMG (business)|IMG]], wha greed tae pey the annual tuition fee o $35,000 for Sharapova tae stey at the Academy, allouin her tae finally enroll at the age o 9.&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;/&gt;

==Tennis career==

===Junior and early career===
Sharapova first hit the tennis scene in November 2000, when she won the Eddie Herr International Junior Tennis Championships in the girls' 16 division at the age o juist 13.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.eddieherr.com/PastChampions.htm|publisher=Eddie Herr Official Website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725075033/http://www.eddieherr.com/PastChampions.htm|archivedate=2012-07-25|title=Eddie Herr Past Champions|accessdate=June 12, 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis then gien a special distinction, the Rising Star Awaird, which is awairdit anly tae players o exceptional promise.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317171129/http://www.eddieherr.com/2009/PlayerPacket09.pdf|archivedate=2012-03-17|url=http://www.eddieherr.com/2009/PlayerPacket09.pdf|publisher=Eddie Herr Official Website|title=Eddie Herr International Special Awards|accessdate=June 12, 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Sharapova made her professional debut in 2001 on her 14t birthday on Aprile 19, an played her first WTA tournament at the [[Pacific Life Open]] in 2002, winnin a match afore losin tae [[Monica Seles]]. Due tae restrictions on how mony professional events she coud play, Sharapova went tae hone her gemme in junior tournaments, whaur she reached the finals o the girls' singles events at the Australian Open an Wimbledon in 2002. She wis the youngest girl ever tae reach the final o the Australian Open junior championship at 14 years an 9 month.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/5567102/Wimbledon-2009-Maria-Sharapova-20-facts-you-didnt-know.html|title=Wimbledon 2009: Maria Sharapova – 20 facts you didn't know|author=Nick Collins|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=July 19, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova reached No. 6 in the [[International Tennis Federation|ITF]] junior warld singles ranking on October 21, 2002. In all, she won three junior singles tournaments an wis runner-up at five, includin twa junior Grand Slam events. Her win-loss record in junior competeetion wis 47–9.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100013223 ITF Tennis Player Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616051543/http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100013223 |date=2013-06-16 }}, ITF Juniors&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;u&gt;Junior Grand Slam results:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Australian Open: F ([[2002 Australian Open|2002]])&lt;br/&gt;
French Open: 3R ([[2002 French Open|2002]])&lt;br/&gt;
Wimbledon: F ([[2002 Wimbledon Championships|2002]])&lt;br/&gt;
US Open: 2R ([[2001 US Open (tennis)|2001]])

===Junior Grand Slam tournament finals===

====Singles: 2 finals (2 runners-up)====
{|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!Outcome
!Year
!width=200|Championship
!Surface
!width=200|Opponent
!width=125|Score
|-bgcolor=FFFFCC
|bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||[[2002 Australian Open|2002]]||[[Australian Open]]||Haurd||{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Barbora Strýcová]]||0–6, 5–7
|-bgcolor=CCFFCC
|bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||[[2002 Wimbledon Championships|2002]]||[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]||Gress||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vera Dushevina]]||6–4, 1–6, 2–6
|}

===2003: First toornament titles===
Frae 2003, Sharapova played a full saison an made a rapid climb intae the tap 50 bi the end o the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Rankings_Stats/Singles_Numeric_2003.pdf|author=Liz Schroeder|publisher=WTA|title=WTA Tour Singles Ranking 2003|date=November 10, 2003|accessdate=June 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; She made her debuts at baith the [[2003 Australian Open|Australian Open]] an the [[2003 French Open|French Open]], but failed tae win a match in aither. Then, as a wildcard at [[2003 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]], she defeatit 11t seed [[Jelena Dokić]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/wimbledon_2003/3028488.stm|title=Sharapova dismisses Dokic|publisher=BBC|date=June 28, 2003|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; her first win ower a tap-20 player, tae reach the fowert roond, whaur she lost in three sets tae [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]].
Bi the end o September, Sharapova haed already captured her first WTA title at a smawer event, the [[Japan Open Tennis Championships]], afore winnin her seicont in her final toornament o the saison, the [[Bell Challenge]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2003-11-02-quebec_x.htm|title=Sharapova handed Bell Challenge title|work=[[USA Today]]  Co.|date=November 2, 2003|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tae cap off her first full saison as a professional, she wis awairdit the WTA Newcomer o the Year honour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/scontent/article/3010014/title/wta-awards|title=WTA Awards|accessdate=May 18, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2004: Wimbledon champion an rise tae fame===
Sharapova wis defeatit in the third roond o the [[2004 Australian Open|Australian Open]] bi saxt seed [[Anastasia Myskina]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/tennis/specials/australian_open/2004/01/24/bc.sport.tennis.open.myskina/|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=January 24, 2004|work=Sports Illustrated|title=Myskina downs Sharapova in Russian clash|archive-date=2013-06-16|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130616031055/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/tennis/specials/australian_open/2004/01/24/bc.sport.tennis.open.myskina/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She later reached the semifinals at the [[2004 Kroger St. Jude International and the Cellular South Cup|Cellular South Cup]], whaur she lost tae eventual champion [[Vera Zvonareva]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2004-02-20-roundup_x.htm|title=Federer upset in Rotterdam; Roddick falls at Kroger|date=February 20, 2004|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=May 29, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

During the spring clay-court saison, Sharapova entered the tap 20 on the WTA warld rankings as a result o reachin the third roond o the [[Qatar Telecom German Open]] an the [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia]], baith o which war Tier I events. At the latter event, she defeatit a player ranked in the tap 10 for the first time wi a straucht-sets win ower warld No. 10 an [[2004 French Open – Weemen's Singles|2004 French Open]] finalist [[Elena Dementieva]]. Later that clay-court saison, she went on tae mak the quarterfinals o a Grand Slam for the first time at the [[2004 French Open|French Open]], losin thare tae [[Paola Suárez]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/01/1086058856148.html|title=Suarez strikes another blow for Argentina|publisher=The Age|date=June 2, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Maria Sharapova at Wimbledon (2004) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Sharapova at Wimbledon in 2004]]
Sharapova won the third title o her career at the [[2004 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] warm-up [[DFS Classic]], defeatin [[Tatiana Golovin]] in the final. Seedit 13t an aged 17 at Wimbledon, she reached her first Grand Slam semifinal bi defeatin [[Ai Sugiyama]]. Thare, she defeatit fift seed an umwhile champion [[Lindsay Davenport]]. In the final, Sharapova upset tap seed an defendin champion [[Serena Williams]] tae win her first Grand Slam singles title, an acome the third-youngest woman tae win the Wimbledon title, behind anly [[Lottie Dod]] an [[Martina Hingis]]. Sharapova an aa became the seicont Roushie woman (efter [[Anastasia Myskina]] haed won the year's previous major at [[French Open|Roland Garros]]) tae win a Grand Slam singles title. The victory wis hailed bi the media as &quot;the most stunning upset in memory&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A25495-2004Jul3.html|title=Sharapova Wins Wimbledon After Improbable Journey|work=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Liz Clarke|date=April 7, 2004|accessdate=June 20, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi ither writers commentin on her arrival as a serious challenger tae the [[Williams sisters|Williams']] dominance at Wimbledon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/sport/article-11722204-birth-of-a-superstar.do|title=Birth of a superstar|publisher=This Is London|author=Adrian Warner|date=February 7, 2004|accessdate=June 20, 2010|archive-date=2012-09-12|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120912142226/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/sport/article-11722204-birth-of-a-superstar.do|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She entered the tap 10 in the rankings for the first time as a result o the win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=1834581|title=Sharapova vaults into top 10|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=July 6, 2004|accessdate=May 19, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Follaein her Wimbledon win, attention an interest in Sharapova in the media greatly increased, a rise in popularity dubbed &quot;Maria Mania.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/08/27/commentary/column_sportsbiz/sportsbiz/index.htm|title=Maria Mania: no stopping her now|publisher=CNN|author=Chris Isidore|date=August 30, 2004|accessdate=June 20, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; She won three o sax matches in her preparations for the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. At the US Open itself, she reached the third roond, afore bein eliminated bi [[Mary Pierce]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/3628366.stm|title=Pierce shocks Sharapova|publisher=BBC|date=September 4, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In order tae regain confidence, Sharapova played an won consecutive titles in Asia in the faw, the [[Hansol Korea Open Tennis Championships]] an the [[Japan Open Tennis Championships]].

In October, Sharapova defeatit [[Venus Williams]] en route tae makin the final o a Tier I event for the first time at the [[Zurich Open]], losin in the final tae [[Alicia Molik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/25/1098556329960.html?from=storylhs|title=Molik stuns Sharapova in Zurich final|publisher=The Age|date=October 25, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She then made her debut at the year-endin [[WTA Tour Championships]]. Thare, she won twa o her three roond-robin matches (includin a win ower US Open champion [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]]) in order tae advance tae the semifinals, whaur she defeatit Myskina. In the final, she defeatit Serena Williams, efter trailing 4–0 in the final set.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4015111.stm|title=Sharapova wins season's finale|publisher=BBC|date=November 16, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2005: Rise tae warld No. 1 ranking===
Sharapova stairtit the year at the [[2005 Australian Open|Australian Open]], whaur she defeatit fift seed [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]] tae reach the seicont Grand Slam semifinal o her career. Sharapova held match pynts in the third set o her semifinal match, afore losin tae eventual champion [[Serena Williams]]. In Februar, Sharapova won back-tae-back toornaments, the [[Toray Pan Pacific Open]] an the [[Qatar Total Open]], allouin her tae reach number 3 in the warld rankings for the first time.

In the semifinals o the Tier I [[Pacific Life Open]], Sharapova wis defeatit bi [[Lindsay Davenport]], the first time she haed failed tae win a gemme in a match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4363185.stm|title=Sharapova humiliated by Davenport|publisher=BBC|date=March 18, 2005|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; She defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 players [[Justine Henin]] an [[Venus Williams]] tae reach the final at the Tier I [[NASDAQ-100 Open]], whaur she lost tae [[Kim Clijsters]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/01/sports/tennis/01tennis.html?n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fSharapova%2c%20Maria&amp;_r=0|title=Sharapova Rights Her Game vs. Venus Williams|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Sandra Harwitt|date=April 1, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21225-2005Apr2.html|title=Clijsters's Dream Continues|work=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Amy Shipley|date=April 3, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova made the semifinals o a clay-court tournament for the first time at the [[Italian Open (tennis)|Italian Open]], whaur she lost tae [[Patty Schnyder]]. Sharapova wad hae acome warld No. 1 for the first time haed she won the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4544729.stm|title=Sharapova edges nearer to summit|publisher=BBC|date=May 13, 2005|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova then reached the quarterfinals o the [[2005 French Open|French Open]] for the seicont consecutive year, afore losin tae eventual champion Henin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2005/jun/01/tennis.frenchopen2005|title=Henin reduces Sharapova to dust|publisher=''[[The Guardian]]''|author=Stephen Bierley|date=June 1, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; On gress, Sharapova won her third title o the year when she successfully defended her title at the [[DFS Classic]], defeatin [[Jelena Janković]] in the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4085880.stm|title=Sharapova keeps Birmingham title|publisher=BBC|date=June 12, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the defendin champion at [[2005 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]], Sharapova reached the semifinals wioot dropping a set an losin a service gemme juist ance, extendin her winnin streak on gress tae 24 matches. Houiver, she wis then beaten bi eventual champion [[Venus Williams]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4639341.stm|title=Williams ends Sharapova's defence|publisher=BBC|date=June 30, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova haed far fewer pynts tae defend, an sae she became the first Roushie woman tae haud the warld No. 1 ranking on August 22, 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/qa-sharapovas-first-business-aims-for-the-sweet-spot/479274.html|title=Q&amp;A: Sharapova's First Business Aims for the Sweet Spot|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|date=April 26, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her reign lasted anly ane week, houiver, as Davenport reclaimed the tap ranking efter winnin the [[Pilot Pen Tennis]] tournament.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;/&gt;

As the tap seed at the [[2005 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open]], Sharapova lost in the semifinals tae [[Kim Clijsters]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4228310.stm|title=Clijsters battles past Sharapova|publisher=BBC|date=September 9, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; meanin she haed lost tae the eventual champion in every Grand Slam o the saison. Houiver, she ance again leapfrogged Davenport tae tak the warld No. 1 ranking on September 12, 2005. She retained it for sax weeks, but efter playin few tournaments while injured, she again relinquished the ranking tae Davenport.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/news/17404-davenport-regains-no-1-ranking|title=Davenport regains No. 1 ranking|publisher=NDTV|date=August 27, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183939/http://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/news/17404-davenport-regains-no-1-ranking|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tae conclude the year, Sharapova failed tae defend her title at the year-end [[Sony Ericsson Championships]] in Los Angeles, defeatin Davenport in ane o her roond-robin matches, but ultimately losin in the semifinals tae eventual champion [[Amélie Mauresmo]].

===2006: US Open champion===
[[File:MariaSharapova (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright|Sharapova celebrating efter winnin the [[2006 US Open (tennis)|2006 US Open]]]]
Sharapova stairtit 2006 bi losin in the semifinals o the [[2006 Australian Open|Australian Open]] in three sets tae Henin,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen06/news/story?id=2579411|title=Sharapova, Henin-Hardenne advance to Open final|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 8, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an aa losin a rematch several weeks later at the [[Dubai Tennis Championships]], haein defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 [[Martina Hingis]] an warld No. 3 [[Lindsay Davenport]] in earlier roonds o the tournament. Sharapova claimed her first title in nine month at the Tier I tournament in Indian Wells, defeatin Hingis in the semifinals an [[Elena Dementieva]] in the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4818828.stm|title=Sharapova into all-Russian final|publisher=BBC|date=March 18, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-03-19/sports/0603190381_1_pacific-life-open-title-indian-wells-james-blake|title=Sharapova wins Pacific Life|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 19, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She reached the final in [[2006 NASDAQ-100 Open – Weemen's Singles|Miami]] afore losin tae Kuznetsova.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2006/apr/02/tennis.richardevans|title=Kuznetsova quiets Sharapova scream on the way to title|publisher=The Guardian|date=April 2, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova returned for the [[2006 French Open – Weemen's Singles|French Open]]. Thare, efter saving match pynts in defeatin [[Mashona Washington]] in the first roond, she wis eliminated bi [[Dinara Safina]] in the fowert roond.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/04/sports/tennis/04french-wire.html?_r=0|title= Sharapova Falls at French Open |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 4, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; On gress, Sharapova wis unsuccessful in her attempt tae win in Birmingham for the third consecutive year, losin in the semifinals tae [[Jamea Jackson]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/5091134.stm|title= Sharapova suffers surprise defeat |publisher=BBC|date=June 17, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite that, she wis amang the title favorites at [[2006 Wimbledon|Wimbledon]], whaur the eventual champion Mauresmo ended up beatin her in the semifinals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/sport/content/200607/s1680842.htm|title=Mauresmo survives lapse to reach Wimbledon final|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]|date=July 7, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova claimed her seicont title o the year at the Tier I [[Acura Classic]], defeatin Clijsters for the first time in the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2006-08-06-acura-classic_x.htm|title=Sharapova outlasts Clijsters in Acura final|date=August 6, 2006|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the third seed at the [[2006 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], Sharapova defeatit tap seed Mauresmo for the first time in the semifinals,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/open/2006-09-08-day-12_x.htm?POESPOISVA|title=Sharapova stops No. 1 Mauresmo, will meet Henin-Hardenne in U.S. Open final|date=September 8, 2006|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an then followed up bi beatin seicont seed [[Justine Henin]] tae win her seicont Grand Slam singles title.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen06/news/story?id=2581102|title=Sharapova drops Henin-Hardenne to win U.S. Open title|date=September 12, 2006|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

That hairst, Sharapova won titles in back-tae-back weeks at the [[Zurich Open]] an the [[Generali Ladies Linz]]. Bi winnin aw three o her roond-robin matches at the [[2006 WTA Tour Championships – Singles|WTA Tour Championships]], she extendit her win streak tae 19 matches, afore it wis snapped in the semifinals bi eventual champion Henin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2006-11-26/sports/0611250235_1_maria-sharapova-justine-henin-hardenne-wta-championships|title=Henin-Hardenne came up aces|publisher=[[Sun Sentinel]]|date=November 26, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013|archive-date=2014-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204706/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2006-11-26/sports/0611250235_1_maria-sharapova-justine-henin-hardenne-wta-championships|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova wad hae finished the saison as warld No. 1 haed she won the event. As it wis, she finished ranked warld No. 2, her best year-end finish yet.

===2007: Shoulder injury an faw frae the tap 5===
Sharapova wis the tap seed at the [[2007 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|Australian Open]] due tae tap-rankit [[Justine Henin]]'s withdrawal. Efter bein twa pynts awa frae defeat in the first roond agin [[Camille Pin]], she gaun on tae win till the final o the tournament for the first time, but wis routed thare bi [[Serena Williams]] wha wis rankit warld No. 81 at the time. Efter winnin till the final, Sharapova recaptured the warld No. 1 rankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;/&gt; She held it for seiven week, surrenderin it back tae Henin efter failin tae defend her title at the [[Pacific Life Open]], insteid losin in the fowert roond tae [[Vera Zvonareva]] efter strauchlin wi a hamstring injury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6326809.stm|title=Leg injury forces Sharapova out|publisher=BBC|date=February 3, 2007|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The follaein fortnight, she defeatit [[Venus Williams]] in the third roond o the [[Sony Ericsson Open]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/03/25/us-tennis-miami-idUSL2308180420070325|title=Sharapova sets up Venus showdown in rainy Miami|publisher=Reuters|date=March 27, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113408/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/03/25/us-tennis-miami-idUSL2308180420070325|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; afore bein beaten again bi Serena Williams.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/serena-williams-defeats-maria-sharapova-today-key-270447.html|title=Serena Williams Defeats Maria Sharapova Today in Key Biscayne|publisher=[[Yahoo]]|author=Verdell A. Wright|date=March 27, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013|archive-date=2014-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729030341/http://voices.yahoo.com/serena-williams-defeats-maria-sharapova-today-key-270447.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shoulder injury forced Sharapova tae miss maist o the clay-court saison for the seicont consecutive year, resultin in her anly tune-up for the [[2007 French Open|French Open]] bein the [[İstanbul Cup]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6689561.stm|title=Sharapova battles to Istanbul win|publisher=BBC|date=May 24, 2007|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; whaur she lost in the semifinals tae [[Aravane Reza&amp;iuml;]]. She reached the semifinals o the French Open for the first time in her career, afore losin tae [[Ana Ivanovic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jun/07/tennis.frenchopen2007|title=Ivanovic stuns Sharapova to set up Henin showdown|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=June 7, 2007|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; On gress, Sharapova wis runner-up tae [[Jelena Janković]] at the [[DFS Classic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6762093.stm|title=Jankovic seals win over Sharapova|publisher=BBC|date=June 17, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein that, she experienced her earliest Wimbledon loss syne 2003 bi losin in the fowert roond tae eventual champion Venus Williams.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jul/04/tennis.wimbledon1|title=Henin sends Serena crashing out|publisher=The Guardian|date=July 4, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova clinched the [[US Open Series]] bi defendin her title at the [[Acura Classic]], her anly championship o the year, an reachin the semifinals in Los Angeles.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;/&gt; In her [[2007 US Open (tennis)|US Open]] title defence, Sharapova wis upset in her third-roond match tae 30t seed [[Agnieszka Radwańska]],&lt;ref name=&quot;radwanska&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6974187.stm|title=Sharapova loses to teen Radwanska|publisher=BBC|date=September 1, 2007|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; makin it her earliest exit at a Grand Slam singles tournament syne the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|2004 US Open]], whaur she lost in the same roond.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;/&gt;

Follaein the US Open loss, Sharapova did nae play again until the [[Kremlin Cup]] in October, whaur she lost her openin match tae [[Victoria Azarenka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7038379.stm|title=Sharapova crashes out in Moscow|publisher=BBC|date=October 10, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shortly efter this, she fell oot o the tap 5 in the warld rankings for the first time syne 2004. She qualified for the aicht-woman year-end [[2007 WTA Tour Championships|Sony Ericsson Championships]] acause o a withdrawal bi Venus Williams afore the stairt o the tournament.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;/&gt; Despite haein nae previously won a match in twa month, Sharapova topped her roond-robin group at the tournament, efter winnin aw three o her matches, defeatin [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]], Ana Ivanovic, an [[Daniela Hantuchová]]. She then defeatit [[Anna Chakvetadze]] in the semifinals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/nov/11/tennis.news|title=Sharapova straight in|author=Richard Evans |date=November 11, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final, she lost tae warld No. 1 Henin in a match that lasted 3 oors an 24 minutes. Sharapova reached the tap five again tae end the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=3149968|title=Strong finish for Sharapova; stronger return by Davenport|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Joel Drucker|date=December 13, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2008: Australian Open champion an seicont shoulder injury===
Sharapova wis seedit fift at the [[2008 Australian Open|Australian Open]], but wis nae considered a favorite. Housomeiver, she defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 [[Lindsay Davenport]] in the seicont roond, an then warld No. 1 Henin in the quarterfinals,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7201953.stm|title=Brilliant Sharapova hammers Henin|publisher=BBC|date=January 22, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; endin the latter's 32-match winnin streak.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/24/sports/tennis/24tennis.html?fta=y|title=Sharapova Reaches the Final Again and Hopes for a Better Outcome|work=The New York Times  |date=January 24, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; She proceeded tae the finals bi defeatin [[Jelena Janković]] in the semifinals, an defeatit [[Ana Ivanovic]] in the final tae win her third Grand Slam title, haein nae dropped a set all tournament.

Efter the Australian Open, Sharapova extendit her winnin streak tae 18 matches. This run encompassed twa wins includin at the Tier I [[2008 Qatar Total Open|Qatar Total Open]]. Her winnin streak wis ended in the semifinals o the [[2008 Pacific Life Open|Pacific Life Open]] bi Kuznetsova. In Aprile, Sharapova won the [[2008 Bausch &amp; Lomb Championships|Bausch &amp; Lomb Championships]], haein survived her langest-ever match, at 3 oors an 26 minutes lang, in the third roond against [[Anabel Medina Garrigues]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epicbattle&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7341970.stm|title=Sharapova wins epic battle|publisher=BBC|date=April 11, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The follaein week, at the [[2008 Family Circle Cup|Family Circle Cup]], she lost in the quarterfinals tae [[Serena Williams]], her fowert consecutive loss tae the American.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/othersports/2004359654_digs19.html|title=Tennis: Serena Williams beats Maria Sharapova 4th time in a row|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|date=April 19, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mey, Sharapova regained the warld No. 1 ranking acause o Henin's suddent retirement frae professional tennis an request tae the [[Weemen's Tennis Association|WTA]] that her ain ranking be removed immediately.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=tennis&amp;id=3397722|title=Sharapova to take over top ranking from retired Henin|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=May 15, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the tap-seedit player at the [[2008 French Open – Weemen's Singles|French Open]] Sharapova wis within twa pynts&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/french08/news/story?id=3415126|title=Sharapova needs 8–6 win in third set to overcome Rodina|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=May 28, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; o bein knocked oot bi [[Evgeniya Rodina]] in the first roond, afore eventually winnin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/8184486/Sharapova-a-long-way-from-Grand-Slam-form|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215040319/http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/8184486/Sharapova-a-long-way-from-Grand-Slam-form|archivedate=2009-02-15|title=Sharapova a long way from Grand Slam form|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=May 28, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result o losin tae eventual finalist [[Dinara Safina]] in the fowert roond (efter serving for the match),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/sports/tennis/03tennis.html|title=Sharapova Roars, but She Is Silenced by Safina Once Again|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 3, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; she relinquished her No. 1 ranking.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=3424588|title=Sharapova to drop from top spot after French Open|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=June 3, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her dip in form continued at [[Wimbledon 2008|Wimbledon]], whaur she lost in the seicont roond tae warld No. 154 [[Alla Kudryavtseva]]. This wis her earliest loss at Wimbledon, an at ony Grand Slam in awmaist five years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon08/columns/story?columnist=garber_greg&amp;id=3462202|title=Sharapova loss just the start of a chaotic day at Wimbledon|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=June 27, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova withdrew frae the [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] tournament in August follaein a shoulder injury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2008/07/30/rogers-cup-three.html|title=Sharapova withdraws from Rogers Cup|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|date=July 31, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; An [[magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] scan revealed that she haed been sufferin frae a [[rotator cuff tear]] syne Aprile, forcing her oot o aw tournaments for the rest o the saison, includin the [[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing Olympics]], the [[2008 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], an the [[2008 WTA Tour Championships|WTA Tour Championships]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/tennis/7536416.stm|title=Sharapova to miss US Open &amp; Games|publisher=BBC|date=August 1, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In spite o that, she still finished the year ranked warld No. 9. In October, efter a failed attempt tae rehabilitate the shoulder, Sharapova haed surgery tae repair the tear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/brennan/2011-06-30-Brennan-maria-sharapova-wimbledon-final_n.htm|title=Sharapova back at last where she belongs|work=[[USA Today]]|author=Christine Brennan|date=June 30, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2009: Shoulder surgery an rehabilitation===
Sharapova did nae attempt tae defend her [[2009 Australian Open|Australian Open]] title, as she continued tae recover frae surgery.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/sport/tennis/sharapova-out/2009/01/11/1231608525444.html|title=Sharapova out after shoulder fails to recover|publisher=Fairfax Digital|work=The Age|author=Linda Pearce|date=January 12, 2009|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She returned tae the sport in Mairch, in the doubles tournament at the [[2009 BNP Paribas Open – Weemen's Doubles|BNP Paribas Open]], but she an pairtner [[Elena Vesnina]] lost in the first roond. Efter this, Sharapova withdrew frae further singles tournaments, resultin in her staundin in the warld rankings bein severely affected. She dropped oot o the tap 100 for the first time in sax years in Mey, the nadir bein warld No. 126.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtatennis&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Maria Sharapova at 2009 Roland Garros, Paris, France.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Sharapova made the quarterfinals o the [[2009 French Open|French Open]], her best Grand Slam performance o 2009]]
Playin her first singles tournament in nearly ten month, Sharapova made the quarterfinals o the clay-court [[2009 Warsaw Open – Singles|Warsaw Open]] in Mey, losin tae finalist [[Alona Bondarenko]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=4192265|title=Bondarenko wins in straight sets|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=May 21, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The follaein week, in her first Grand Slam appearance syne her surgery, she reached the quarterfinals o the [[2009 French Open – Weemen's Singles|French Open]], afore her run wis ended bi [[Dominika Cibulková]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/frenchopen/5430320/French-Open-2009-Maria-Sharapova-and-the-curse-of-the-cover-stars.html|title=French Open 2009: Maria Sharapova and the curse of the cover stars |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|author=Mark Hodgkinson|date=June 2, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

During the summer gress-court saison, Sharapova played in [[2009 Aegon Classic – Singles|Birmingham]], losin in the semifinals tae Li Na.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=4256242|title=Sharapova broken six times in loss|date=June 13, 2009|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova then played at [[2009 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] as the 24t seed. She wis upset in the seicont roond bi [[Gisela Dulko]] in three sets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/5624035/Wimbledon-2009-Maria-Sharapova-suffers-shock-defeat-by-Gisela-Dulko.html|title=Wimbledon 2009: Maria Sharapova suffers shock defeat by Gisela Dulko|last=Hodgkinson|first=Mark|date=June 24, 2009|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=May 18, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova enjoyed considerable success in the summer months, reachin the quarterfinals at the [[2009 Bank o the Wast Classic|Bank o the Wast Classic]], the semifinals at the [[2009 LA Weemen's Tennis Championships|LA Weemen's Tennis Championships]], an finishinrunner-up at the [[2009 Rogers Cup|Rogers Cup]] tae [[Elena Dementieva]]. At the [[2009 US Open (tennis)|2009 US Open]], Sharapova wis seedit 29t. She foond her wey intae the third roond, defeatin [[Tsvetana Pironkova]] an [[Christina McHale]] all in straucht sets. She wis stunned in the third roond bi American teenager [[Melanie Oudin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen09/news/story?id=4448907|title=Oudin's run continues; Safina exits early|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 6, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis the seicont time in Sharapova's career that she lost tae a teenager at a [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]], haein lost tae [[Agnieszka Radwańska]] during the same event in 2007. The loss made Sharapova's ranking go doun tae No. 32.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtatennis&quot; /&gt;

The final stretch o the saison brocht Sharapova her first title o the year in [[2009 Toray Pan Pacific Open|Tokyo]], efter opponent [[Jelena Janković]] retired efter bein doun 2–5 tae Sharapova in the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/10/03/tennis.sharapova.jankovic.venus/|title= Sharapova lands Tokyo title as Jankovic quits |publisher=CNN|date=October 3, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi virtue o that result, she wis the recipient o a bye at the [[2009 China Open (tennis)|China Open]], but failed tae capitalize on it, losin tae [[Peng Shuai]] in the third roond.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/oct/07/maria-sharapova-china-open-shuai|title=Tired Maria Sharapova knocked out of China Open by Peng Shuai|publisher=The Guardian|date=October 7, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She ultimately finished the saison at warld No. 14, haein improved frae No. 126 when she stairtit her comeback frae injury.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtatennis&quot; /&gt;

===2010: Comeback an struggles wi form===
Efter playin twa exhibition tournaments in Asia, Sharapova offeecially began her saison at the [[2010 Australian Open|Australian Open]], whaur she wis upset in her first-roond match against [[Maria Kirilenko]]. The loss meant that for the first time syne 2003, Sharapova haed lost her openin match at a Grand Slam event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/australianopen/7016124/Australian-Open-2010-Maria-Sharapova-dumped-out-by-Maria-Kirilenko.html|author=Mark Hodgkinson|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|title=Australian Open 2010: Maria Sharapova dumped out by Maria Kirilenko|date=January 18, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; She then rebounded bi winnin a smawer American event, the [[2010 Regions Morgan Keegan Championships and the Cellular South Cup|Cellular South Cup]], her 21st career WTA title an first o the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8526723.stm|title=Maria Sharapova beats Sofia Arvidsson in Memphis final|date=January 21, 2010|work=BBC Sport  |accessdate=February 22, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

At the [[2010 BNP Paribas Open|BNP Paribas Open]], Sharapova lost in the third roond tae [[Zheng Jie]], aggravating a bruised bane on her right elbow in the process, which resulted in her eventual withdrawal frae the [[2010 Sony Ericsson Open|Sony Ericsson Open]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/tennis/03/18/tennis.sharapova.injury.elbow/index.html|publisher=CNN|title=Sharapova suffers fresh setback after elbow injury|date=March 18, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the [[2010 Family Circle Cup|Family Circle Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usta.com/Global/Pro_Tennis/Pro_Tennis/Wire/2010/04/09/Serena_Williams_Sharapova_withdraw_from_Family_Circle_Cup.aspx|publisher=United States Tennis Association|title=Serena Williams, Sharapova withdraw from Family Circle Cup|date=April 9, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|archive-date=2010-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413075534/http://www.usta.com/Global/Pro_Tennis/Pro_Tennis/Wire/2010/04/09/Serena_Williams_Sharapova_withdraw_from_Family_Circle_Cup.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Returning at the [[2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]], Sharapova lost in the first roond tae [[Lucie Šafářová]]. She continued her French Open preparation at the [[2010 Internationaux de Strasbourg|Internationaux de Strasbourg]] as a wildcard, advancing tae the final, whaur she beat [[Kristina Barrois]]. This wis her first title on reid clay an 22nt oweraw title.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/sports/tennis/2010/05/24/257792/Sharapova-wins.htm|work=The China Post|location=Taiwan (ROC)|title=Sharapova wins second 2010 title at Strasbourg|date=May 24, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|archive-date=2012-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925202148/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/sports/tennis/2010/05/24/257792/Sharapova-wins.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the [[2010 French Open|French Open]], Sharapova's brief clay saison culminatit wi a third-roond loss tae fower-time champion [[Justine Henin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/frenchopen/7785938/French-Open-2010-Justine-Henin-defeats-Maria-Sharapova.html|title=French Open 2010: Justine Henin defeats Maria Sharapova|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=May 30, 2010|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova began her preparations for Wimbledon at the [[2010 Aegon Classic|Aegon Classic]]. She advanced tae the final for the fowert time, whaur she lost tae [[Li Na]]. As the 16t seed at [[2010 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]], Sharapova lost in the fowert roond tae warld No. 1 an eventual champion [[Serena Williams]], despite haein three set pynts in the openin set.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/tennis/tournaments/story/0,25174,18898_6236218,00.html|title=Sharapova tests Serena|work=Sky Sports|date=June 29, 2010|accessdate=July 3, 2010|archive-date=2010-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701033332/http://www.skysports.com/tennis/tournaments/story/0%2C25174%2C18898_6236218%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The match wis seen as anither encouraging performance for Sharapova, wi some statin thair belief that she wis approachin the form that wad see her contending for Grand Slams ance mair,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/serena-forced-into-top-gear-to-tame-sharapova-2013078.html|title=Serena forced into top gear to tame Sharapova|author=Chris McGrath|work=The Independent|location=UK|date=June 29, 2010|accessdate=July 3, 2010|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224182144/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/serena-forced-into-top-gear-to-tame-sharapova-2013078.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an Sharapova hersel statin that she felt that she wis &quot;in a much better spot than I was last year.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://straightsets.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/serena-williams-avoids-flashback-beats-sharapova/|title=Serena Williams Avoids Flashback, Beats Sharapova|author=John Martin|work=The New York Times|date=June 28, 2010|accessdate=July 3, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

During the [[US Open Series]], Sharapova made twa straucht finals, losin tae [[Victoria Azarenka]] at the [[2010 Bank o the Wast Classic – Singles|Bank o the Wast Classic]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2010-08-01-bank-of-the-west-classic_N.htm|title=Azarenka rolls past Sharapova to win Bank o the Wast title|publisher=[[USA Today]]|date=February 8, 2010|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an tae [[Kim Clijsters]] at the [[2010 Western &amp; Southern Financial Group Weemen's Open – Singles|Western &amp; Southern Financial Group Weemen's Open]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cincytennis.com/clijsters_wins/|title=Clijsters Storms Back to Win 2010 Women's Open|publisher=WTA|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the latter match, Sharapova held three match pynts while leadin 5–3 on Clijsters's serve late in the seicont set, but coud nae convert them. At the [[2010 US Open (tennis)|U.S. Open]], Sharapova wis the 14t seed. She made it tae the fowert roond, whaur she played tap seed an 2009 finalist [[Caroline Wozniacki]] an lost.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen10/news/story?id=5539423|title=Maria Sharapova loses in 4th round|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 7, 2010|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova's last twa tournaments o the saison ended in disappointment. She played in the [[2010 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles|Toray Pan Pacific Open]] in Tokyo, whaur she wis upset in the first roond bi 39-year-auld [[Kimiko Date-Krumm]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2010-09-27-pan-pacific-open_N.htm|title=Japan's Date Krumm ousts Sharapova at Pan Pacific Open|work=USA Today|date=September 29, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her last tournament o the year wis the [[2010 Cheenae Open – Weemen's Singles|China Open]], whaur she lost in the seicont roond tae fellae Roushie [[Elena Vesnina]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/oct/07/maria-sharapova-china-open-shuai|title=Tired Maria Sharapova knocked out of China Open by Peng Shuai|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 7, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She ended the year at number 18 in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/photos/article/2213795/title/2010-year-end-top-20|title=2010: Year-End Top 20|publisher=WTA|date=November 10, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2011: Return tae the tap 10===
It wis annoonced that Sharapova wad bring in [[Thomas Högstedt]] as a coach for the 2011 saison, joining [[Michael Joyce (tennis)|Michael Joyce]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2010/12/sharapova-hires-hogstedt-to-co-coach-with-joyce/26210/|title=Sharapova hires Hogstedt to co-coach with Joyce|author=Matthew Cronin|publisher=TENNIS.com|date=December 4, 2010|accessdate=October 23, 2014|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2010/12/sharapova-hires-hogstedt-to-co-coach-with-joyce/26210/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; On December 5, Sharapova won an exhibition match against warld No. 2 [[Vera Zvonareva]] in Monterrey, Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.wtatennis.com/page/OffCourtNews/Read/0,,12781~2239156,00.html|title=Maria &amp; Vera In Monterrey|publisher=WTA|date=December 7, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130615221220/http://origin-www.wtatennis.com/page/OffCourtNews/Read/0,,12781~2239156,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Sharapova's first offeecial Australian Open warm-up tournament at the [[2011 ASB Classic – Singles|2011 ASB Classic]] in Auckland, New Zealand, she wis seedit first. She lost tae the Hungarian veteran an eventual champion [[Gréta Arn]] in the quarterfinals. Efter the ASB Classic, Sharapova decidit tae split up wi Joyce, endin a successfu cooperation that haes brocht her twa Grand Slam victories an the Warld No. 1 ranking.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/sports/20110116/162167367.html|title=Sharapova's long-time coach leaves job|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=January 16, 2011|accessdate=October 23, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023230658/http://en.ria.ru/sports/20110116/162167367.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova participated in the first Grand Slam o the saison at the [[2011 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|Australian Open]], whaur she wis the 14t seed, but lost tae [[Andrea Petkovic]] in the fowert roond.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110123/162258814.html|title=Russia's Sharapova loses out to Germany's Petkovic in Australian Open|author=Anton Denisov|date=January 23, 2011|accessdate=July 5, 2011|archive-date=2011-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110327084430/http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110123/162258814.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She an aa haed tae pull oot o the [[2011 Dubai Tennis Championships]] an [[2011 Qatar Ladies Open]] acause o an lug infection.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/blog/_/name/espntennis/month/february-2011|title=Work to do for Roddick and the Americans|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Ravi Ubha|date=February 16, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova returned tae the tour in Mairch bi takin pairt in the [[2011 BNP Paribas Open]], whaur she wis seedit 16t. She defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 [[Dinara Safina]], in the fowert roond en route tae the semifinal, whaur she lost tae warld No. 1 [[Caroline Wozniacki]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/20/wozniacki-wins-bnp-paribaas-open_n_838169.html|title= Wozniacki Wins BNP Paribas Open, Beats Marion Bartoli In Finals |work=[[The Huffington Post]]|author=Beth Harris|date=March 20, 2011|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the [[2011 Sony Ericsson Open]] in Key Biscayne, Sharapova defeatit 26t seed [[Alexandra Dulgheru]] in the quarterfinals, in a match lasting 3 oors an 28 minutes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110330/163283242.html|title=Russia's Sharapova moves into semis at Miami tennis tournament|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|date=March 30, 2011|accessdate=June 14, 2013|archive-date=2012-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329023553/http://www.en.rian.ru/sports/20110330/163283242.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semifinals, Sharapova teuk her [[2011 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|Australian Open]] reprisal on Germany's [[Andrea Petkovic]] bi defeatin her. In the final, she wis defeatit bi [[Victoria Azarenka]], despite a late comeback in the seicont set.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/aus12/story/_/id/7513049/2012-australian-open-victoria-azarenka-routs-maria-sharapova-win-title|title=Victoria Azarenka routs Sharapova|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=January 29, 2011|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi this result, Sharapova returned tae the tap 10 for the first time syne Februar 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtatennis&quot;/&gt;

During the clay-court saison, Sharapova participated in [[2011 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]], whaur she lost tae [[Dominika Cibulková]] in the third roond, an the [[2011 Internazionali BNL d'Italia]], whaur she wis seedit seivent. She defeatit tap seed Caroline Wozniacki in the semifinals an saxt seed Samantha Stosur in the final tae tak home the title, merking her biggest clay-court victory tae date.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2360583/title/sharapovas-greatest-clay-court-triumph|title=Sharapova's Greatest Clay Court Triumph|publisher=WTA|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the [[2011 French Open]], Sharapova wis seedit seivent. She defeatit French wildcard [[Caroline Garcia]] in the seicont roond, despite trailing 3–6, 1–4, afore winnin the last 11 gemmes o the match. In the quarterfinals, she defeatit 15t seed [[Andrea Petkovic]], merking her first Grand Slam semifinal syne her comeback frae the career-threatening shoulder injury. She then lost tae saxt seed an eventual champion [[Li Na]], in the semifinals, endin her clay saison wi a win-loss record o 12–2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322014754/http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/news/articles/2011-06-02/201106021307029251097.html|archivedate=2012-03-22|url=http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/news/articles/2011-06-02/201106021307029251097.html|title=Li sweeps Sharapova aside for tilt at title|author=Louisa Baker|date=June 2, 2011|accessdate=June 4, 2011|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

At the [[2011 Wimbledon Championships]], Sharapova haed nae dropped a set entering the final, afore losin tae aicht seed [[Petra Kvitová]] in straucht sets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/14002512|title=Wimbledon 2011: Petra Kvitova beats Maria Sharapova to title|publisher=BBC|author=Piers Newbery|date=July 2, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; This merked her first final in ower three years at a Grand Slam event. Sharapova stairtit her summer haurd-court saison at the [[2011 Bank o the Wast Classic]] in [[Stanford, Californie]]. In a heichly anticipatit match, Sharapova lost tae the eventual champion [[Serena Williams]] in the quarterfinals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2405569/title/serena-shines-in-qfs-lisicki-awaits-in-sfs|title=Serena Shines In QFs, Lisicki Awaits In SFs|publisher=WTA|date=July 29, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In her next event at the [[2011 Rogers Cup – Weemen's Singles|2011 Rogers Cup]] in Toronto, Canadae, Sharapova lost tae [[Galina Voskoboeva]] in the third roond, merking her 100th career loss.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2417634/title/stosur-dismisses-li-tough-day-for-faves|title=Stosur Dismisses Li, Tough Day For Faves|publisher=WTA|date=August 11, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Maria Sharapova 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Sharapova at the [[2011 Western &amp; Southern Open|Western &amp; Southern Open]], August 2011]]
Sharapova then contested the [[2011 Western &amp; Southern Open – Weemen's Singles|2011 Western &amp; Southern Open]] in [[Cincinnati]], Ohio. As the fowert seed, she received a bye intae the seicont roond. On the wey tae her fowert final o the year, she beat [[Anastasia Rodionova]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2422838/title/bartoli-back-on-track-serena-edges-hradecka|title=Bartoli Back On Track, Serena Edges Hradecka
|publisher=WTA|date=August 16, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 14t seed [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2425089/title/hantuchova-gets-past-bartoli-zvonareva-next|title=Hantuchova Gets Past Bartoli, Zvonareva Next|publisher=WTA|date=August 18, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; tenth seed Samantha Stosur,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2426294/title/zvonareva-sharapova-to-clash-in-semifinals|title=Zvonareva &amp; Sharapova to clash in semifinals|publisher=WTA|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an 2nt seed Vera Zvonareva.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2427204/title/former-world-no1s-to-collide-in-cincinnati|title=Former world No. 1s to Collide in Cincinnati|publisher=WTA|date=August 20, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final, she defeatit fellae umwhile warld No. 1 [[Jelena Janković]], in 2 oors an 49 minutes, makin it the langest WTA tour final o the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20110821/SPT/308210027/Sharapova-wins-women-s-title?odyssey|title=Sharapova wins women's title|publisher=Cincinnati.com|author=Shannon Russell|date=August 22, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She subsequently moved up tae warld No. 4, her heichest ranking syne August 2008 an the heichest syne her comeback frae her shoulder injury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2428859/title/ranking-watch-maria-moves-up-to-no4|title=Ranking Watch: Maria Moves Up To No. 4|publisher=WTA|date=August 22, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova entered the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]], whaur she wis seedit third. She beat [[Heather Watson]], an [[Anastasiya Yakimova]], tae reach the third roond. She wis then upset bi [[Flavia Pennetta]]. Houiver, acause o the faw o [[Kim Clijsters]] an Vera Zvonareva in the rankings, Sharapova climbed tae warld No. 2.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/Maria-Sharapova-Shocked-Out-of-US-Open,-More-From-.aspx|title=Maria Sharapova Shocked Out of US Open, More From New York|publisher=Tennisnow|date=September 2, 2011|accessdate=September 2, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2011 Toray Pan Pacific Open]] in Tokyo, Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/sports/topics/AJ2011093012822|title=Sharapova limps out of Pan Pacific Open|publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company|author=Rob Smaal|date=September 30, 2011|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2014-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221231212/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/sports/topics/AJ2011093012822|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; As seicont seed, she received a bye intae the seicont roond, whaur she beat [[Tamarine Tanasugarn]]. She then beat 13t seed [[Julia Görges]], afore retiring against Petra Kvitová in the quarterfinal, 3–4, efter slipping on the baseline, sufferin an ankle injury. This an aa forced her tae withdraw frae the [[2011 China Open (tennis)|2011 China Open]] the follaein week. Sharapova then flew tae Istanbul tae prepare for the [[2011 WTA Tour Championships]], her first time qualifying syne 2007. During the WTA Tour Championships, Sharapova withdrew during the roond-robin stage efter defeats against Samantha Stosur an [[Li Na]], as a result o the ankle injury she haed suffered in Tokyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110929/167244910.html|title=Ankle injury forces Sharapova to retire in Tokyo QF against Kvitova|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|date=September 29, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova ended the year as No. 4 in the warld, her first tap-10 finish syne 2008 an first tap-5 finish syne 2007.

===2012: Career Grand Slam, return tae world No. 1  an Olympic siller medal===
Sharapova withdrew frae the [[2012 Brisbane International]] acause o her ongangin ankle injury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Musall|first=Jeff|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/news?slug=ycn-10746909|title=Maria Sharapova Withdraws from Brisbane, Still on for Australian Open: Fan Reaction – Tennis – Yahoo! Sports|publisher=Sports.yahoo.com|date=April 20, 2011|accessdate=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-21|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HXaiB2Dt?url=http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/news?slug=ycn-10746909|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her first tournament o the saison wis the [[2012 Australian Open]], whaur she wis seedit fowert. Sharapova advanced tae the final roond conceding five gemmes, defeatin [[Gisela Dulko]], [[Jamie Hampton]], an 30t seed [[Angelique Kerber]], compatriot [[Ekaterina Makarova]] an warld No. 2 [[Petra Kvitová]]. She lost tae [[Victoria Azarenka]] in twa sets. As a result her ranking improved tae warld No. 3. She then played in the [[2012 Open GDF Suez|Paris]], whaur she lost in the quarterfinals tae eventual champion Angelique Kerber. As a result her ranking improved tae warld No. 2.

[[File:Flickr - Carine06 - Maria Sharapova (1).jpg|thumb|left|Sharapova at the 2012 Summer Olympics, Julie 2012]]
At the [[2012 BNP Paribas Open – Weemen's Singles|Indian Wells]], efter battling for ower three oors, Sharapova defeatit compatriot [[Maria Kirilenko]] tae set up a semifinal meetin wi [[Ana Ivanovic]]. Sharapova advanced tae the final efter Ivanovic retired due tae a hip injury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkWBQLZ15wdEi6m7Hpp14Jg8J8mg?docId=CNG.697f089e0b767f4cfb209463a0122c94.61|title=Ivanovic sweats on extent of hip injury|publisher=[[Google]]|author=Greg Heakes|date=May 17, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615221223/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkWBQLZ15wdEi6m7Hpp14Jg8J8mg?docId=CNG.697f089e0b767f4cfb209463a0122c94.61|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the final, she played warld No. 1 Victoria Azarenka in a rematch o the Australian Open final, but lost again in straucht sets. Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2012 Sony Ericsson Open]], whaur she wis seedit 2nt an received a bye. In the final, Sharapova lost in straucht sets tae 5t seedit [[Agnieszka Radwańska]]. This wis her third loss o the year in finals oot o fower tournaments played sae far. In the [[2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Singles|Porsche Tennis Grand Prix]] in Stuttgart, Sharapova wis seedit seicont. She haed a bye in the first roond, an advanced tae the third roond efter [[Alizé Cornet]] retired in the seicont set. She won her first title o the year in Stuttgart efter defeatin warld number ane Victoria Azarenka. In daein sae, Sharapova defeatit three current Grand Slam title holders tae win the tournament. Sharapova then played on the [[2012 Mutua Madrid Open]], a premier mandatory event. In the third roond, Sharapova's opponent [[Lucie Šafářová]] wis unable tae compete an withdrew frae the tournament, earnin Sharapova a walkover intae the quarterfinals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2012/05/10/sharapova-serena-reach-madrid-open-quarters/|title=Sharapova, Serena reach Madrid Open quarters|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=May 10, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She wis then beaten bi eventual champion [[Serena Williams]] in straucht sets.

As the defendin champion an seicont seed at the [[2012 Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Italian Open]], Sharapova haed a bye in the first roond. In the semifinals, Sharapova defeatit Angelique Kerber tae advance tae the final for the seicont year in a row. In the final, Sharapova saved match pynt for a 2-oor 52 minute win ower [[Li Na]] for her 26t career title.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/18138072|title=Maria Sharapova |publisher=BBC|date=May 20, 2013|accessdate=May 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; This merked the fowert time Sharapova haed successfully defended a title.

Sharapova wis seedit seicont at the [[2012 French Open|French Open]], whaur she defeatit [[Alexandra Cadanțu]], [[Petra Kvitová]] on her wey tae the finals, allouin her tae regain the warld No. 1 ranking. In the final, she defeatit [[Sara Errani]] for her first French Open title. Sharapova became anly the tenth woman tae complete a Career Grand Slam wi the French Open victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/sharapova-savours-her-sweetest-triumph-as-reward-for-comeback-7834856.html|title=Sharapova savours her 'sweetest triumph' as reward for comeback|date=June 11, 2012|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=June 11, 2012|archive-date=2012-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615110556/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/sharapova-savours-her-sweetest-triumph-as-reward-for-comeback-7834856.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the tournament, Sharapova wis an aa asked bi the [[Roushie Olympic Committee]] tae [[Leet o banner bearers for Roushie at the Olympics|cairy the Roushie banner]] in the [[2012 Simmer Olympics|Olympic Gemmes]], makin her the first female banner bearer for Roushie in Olympic history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/olympics/blog/eye-on-olympics/19352136/maria-sharapova-to-carry-russian-flag-in-opening-ceremony|title=Maria Sharapova to carry Russian flag in opening ceremony|publisher=CBS Sports|author=Reid Cherner|date=June 14, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova then extendit her win streak tae 15 matches when she competit in the [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles#Section 1|Wimbledon Championships]] as the tap seed thare for the first time in her career. Houiver, she wis upset in the fowert roond bi 15t-seedit [[Sabine Lisicki]], whom she beat in last year's semifinals. As a result, she lost her No. 1 ranking tae Victoria Azarenka.

She played in the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Summer Olympic Gemmes]] in Lunnon, her first Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/olympics/summer/2012/tennis/story/_/id/8229534/2012-london-olympics-serena-williams-maria-sharapova-play-gold-medal|title=Serena, Maria Sharapova in final|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=August 3, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the quarterfinals, Sharapova defeatit fellae umwhile No. 1 [[Kim Clijsters]] tae advance tae the semifinals, whaur she faced her compatriot, [[Maria Kirilenko]]. Sharapova defeatit Kirilenko tae reach the Olympic final, whaur she lost tae Serena Williams,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/tennis/9452056/London-2012-Olympics-Serena-Williams-storms-to-gold-medal-as-she-thrashes-Maria-Sharapova-in-womens-final.html|title=London 2012 Olympics: Serena Williams storms to gold medal as she thrashes Maria Sharapova in women's final |accessdate=August 4, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; merking her worst defeat bi the American. Wi this performance, Sharapova owerteuk Agnieszka Radwańska as warld No. 2.

Sharapova wis seedit third at the [[2012 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open]], but haed no haurd-court tune-ups efter the Olympics due tae a painch virus.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/27/sports/la-sp-sn-sharapova-not-pregnant-20120827|title=Maria Sharapova isn't pregnant, denies Istanbul wedding rumor|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|author=Diane Pucin|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the fowert roond,  [[Nadia Petrova]] teuk it tae a third set an wis winnin tilt a rain delay. Efter the delay, Sharapova came back an bure the gree. In the quarterfinals, she faced [[Marion Bartoli]], wha wis 4–0 up afore a rain delay, whilk delayed the match a hale day. Sharapova then came back frae a set doun tae win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/more-sports/8342222/2012-us-open-maria-sharapova-once-again-reigns-rain|title=Maria Sharapova reigns after rain|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Jane McManus|date=September 6, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2012-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907134135/http://espn.go.com/espnw/more-sports/8342222/2012-us-open-maria-sharapova-once-again-reigns-rain|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the semifinals Sharapova lost tae warld No. 1 Victoria Azarenka.

Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2012 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles|Toray Pan Pacific Open]] in Tokyo. She made it tae the quarterfinals, losin tae [[Samantha Stosur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/172129.html|title= Sharapova and Azarenka out in Tokyo |publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 27, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the [[2012 Cheenae Open – Weemen's Singles|China Open]] she wis seedit seicont. In the finals she wis again defeatit bi Azarenka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/sportsscene/20121008/104625.shtml|title=Azarenka overwhelms Sharapova to win China Open|publisher=China Central Television|date=October 8, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104184818/http://english.cntv.cn/program/sportsscene/20121008/104625.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2012 WTA Tour Championships|year-end championships]] in Istanbul, whaur she wis seedit [[2012 WTA Tour Championships – Singles|seicont]]. She defeatit [[Sara Errani]], [[Agnieszka Radwańska]], an [[Samantha Stosur]] in the roond-robin matches. In the semifinals, Sharapova beat Azarenka, bringin thair head-tae-head meetins tae 7–5 in Azarenka's favour. Awtho Sharapova made it tae the final, Azarenka clinched the year-end No. 1 rankin wi her twa roond-robin wins. She losst tae Serena Williams for the 13t consecutive time in the final.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtachampionships.com/page/Scores/0,,12910,00.html|title=Scores|publisher=WTA|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810072751/http://www.wtachampionships.com/page/Scores/0,,12910,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2013: Third shoulder injury===
Sharapova's first scheduled toornament o the [[2013 WTA Tour|2013 saison]] wis the [[2013 Brisbane International|Brisbane International]], whaur she wis seedit seicont. Housomiver, she withdrew frae the tournament afore it began, citin a collarbone injury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/8798746/maria-sharapova-withdraws-brisbane-international-due-collarbone-pain|title=Maria Sharapova skips Brisbane|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=January 1, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She stairtit her saison at the [[2013 Australian Open|Australian Open]] seedit seicont. She defeatit [[Olga Puchkova]] an [[Misaki Doi]] in the first twa roonds wioot losin a gemme in aither match, the first time a player haes won in back-tae-back [[double bagel]]s at a Grand Slam tournament syne the [[1985 Australian Open]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3042968/title/once-in-a-lifetime-for-sharapova|title=Once In A Lifetime For Sharapova|publisher=WTA|date=January 16, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova then defeatit [[Venus Williams]], [[Kirsten Flipkens]], an [[Ekaterina Makarova]], whaur in losin anly nine gemmes she broke [[Monica Seles]]' record o fewest gemmes dropped heidin intae a Grand Slam semifinal.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/21133423 Maria Sharapova and Li Na reach Australian Open semi-finals], BBC Sport, Retrieved 22 January 2013&lt;/ref&gt; She lost tae [[Li Na]] in the semifinals.

[[File:Maria Sharapova - Roland-Garros 2013 - 002.jpg|thumb|right|Sharapova at the French Open, Mey 2013]]
She reached the semifinals at the [[Qatar Total Open]], losin tae [[Serena Williams]] for the 10t straucht time in her career.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/436019/20130216/serena-williams-maria-sharapova-wta-qatar-victoria.htm|title= Qatar Total Open: Williams Blasts Sharapova as New World Number One Rolls into Doha Final |publisher=International Business Times|author=Martin Baccardax|date=February 16, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her next tournament wis [[BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]], whaur she wis seedit seicont. She received a bye intae the seicont roond an successfully reached the final wioot dropping a set, whaur she faced 2011 Indian wells champion an umwhile warld No. 1 [[Caroline Wozniacki]]. Efter an oor an twenty-ane minutes, Sharapova won the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/9062961/maria-sharapova-wins-indian-wells-title-caroline-wozniacki|title=Maria Sharapova wins Indian Wells|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Martin Baccardax|date=March 17, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; This wis Maria's 28t career title an seicont at Indian Wells. Her win an aa made her the No. 2 player in the warld behind [[Serena Williams]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tennis.si.com/2013/03/17/sharapova-wins-indian-wells-bnp-wozniacki/|title=Maria Sharapova dominates Caroline Wozniacki for second Indian Wells title|publisher=SI.com|date=March 17, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ubitennis.com/english/sport/tennis/2013/03/21/862125-sharapova_aims_coast_coast_double.shtml|title=Sharapova aims for coast-to-coast double|publisher=Ubisporting|date=March 23, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2014-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606213820/http://www.ubitennis.com/english/sport/tennis/2013/03/21/862125-sharapova_aims_coast_coast_double.shtml|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2013/03/17/sharapova-sails-past-wozniacki-in-indian-wells-final/|title=Sharapova sails past Wozniacki in Indian Wells final|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=March 17, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maria then competit at the [[2013 Sony Open Tennis|Sony Open]]. Ance again she reached the final wioot dropping a set an faced warld No. 1 [[Serena Williams]]. Maria stairtit the match strang, winnin the first set. Houiver, Serena won the seicont an dominated the third set. This wis Maria's 11t consecutive loss against Serena.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/12/serena-williams-maria-sharapova-madrid-final_n_3262472.html|title= Serena Williams Beats Maria Sharapova To Win Madrid Open 2013, Retain No. 1 Ranking |author=Joseph Wilson|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=May 12, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1636598-serena-williams-vs-maria-sharapova-world-no-1-will-dominate-madrid-open-final|title=Serena Williams vs. Maria Sharapova: World No. 1 Will Dominate Madrid Open Final|publisher=Bleacher Report|author=Patrick Clarke|date=May 11, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Next, she played at the indoor clay event in Stuttgart, whaur she wis the defendin champion. Maria wis tap seed an haed a bye in the first roond. Her first three matches war lang three-setters: she first beat warld No. 25 [[Lucie Šafářová]], dropping the seicont set on a tiebreak, then [[Ana Ivanovic]], then in the semifinals she won against third seed [[Angelique Kerber]]. In the final, in what wis her ninth victory against the Cheenese oot o 14 matches, she beat seicont seed warld No. 5 [[Li Na]] in straucht sets tae win her 29t career title.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova beats Li Na to retain Stuttgart title|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/22331232|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A week later, she competit at the [[2013 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid Open]], reachin the final, again wioot dropping a set. She faced [[Serena Williams]] for the 15t time, losin for the 12t consecutive time in straucht sets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2013/05/12/Serena-Williams-repeats-as-Madrid-Open-champion/UPI-57451368363562/|title=Serena Williams repeats as Madrid Open champion|publisher= United Press International|date=May 12, 2013|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Next, she played in Roum, whaur she wis seedit seicont an haed a bye in the first roond. She beat 16t seed [[Sloane Stephens]] in straucht sets (wi the loss o juist three gemmes) in the third roond, but then did nae play her quarterfinal match against seivent seed [[Sara Errani]] an retired frae the tournament due tae a viral illness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/17/sport/tennis/djokovic-nadal-tennis-sharapova|title=Djokovic loses at Rome Masters, hurting French Open preparations|publisher=CNN|date=May 18, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2013/05/17/serena-azarenka-reach-semis-sharapova-pulls-out-in-rome/|title=Serena, Azarenka reach semis; Sharapova pulls out in Rome|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=May 17, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

At the [[2013 French Open]], Sharapova reached the final again, beatin Azarenka in three sets in the semifinals, but thare she lost in straucht sets tae [[Serena Williams]]. At [[2013 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] she wis comprehensively beaten in the seicont roond bi qualifier [[Michelle Larcher de Brito]]. Sharapova then returned tae the tour at the [[2013 Western &amp; Southern Open]], whaur she lost her openin match tae Sloane Stephens in three sets. A week later Sharapova withdrew frae the U.S. Open citing a shoulder injury, which prematurely ended her saison.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova withdraws from the U.S. Open|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/2013/08/21/maria-sharapova-withdraws-us-open/2683231/|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=22 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===2014: Comeback and second French Open title===
{{main|2014 Maria Sharapova tennis season}}
Sharapova haed nae played syne August 2013 due tae a recurring shoulder injury an made her comeback at the [[2014 Brisbane International]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova to make tennis comeback at Brisbane International|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/tennis/maria-sharapova-to-make-tennis-comeback-at-brisbane-international/story-fndkzym4-1226759913966|publisher=News.com.au|accessdate=14 November 2013|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.news.com.au/sport/tennis/maria-sharapova-to-make-tennis-comeback-at-brisbane-international/story-fndkzym4-1226759913966|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova advanced tae the semi-finals whaur she wis beaten in straucht sets bi [[Serena Williams]]. At the [[2014 Australian Open]] Sharapova, ranked 3rd, wis knocked oot o the tournament in the 4t roond bi the 20t seed, an eventual finalist, [[Dominika Cibulkova]].  Sharapova lost the match in 3 sets.  Sharapova then participated in [[2014 Open GDF Suez – Singles|GDF Suez]] whaur she wis upset in the semifinals tae fellae Roushie an eventual tournament winner [[Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova]] in three sets.

In Mairch, playin in the [[2014 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells Masters]], she wis beaten bi 22-year-auld Italian [[Camila Giorgi]] in the third roond, in three sets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tennis.si.com/2014/03/10/maria-sharapova-camila-giorgi-indian-wells/ |title=Maria Sharapova ousted by Camila Giorgi in third round at Indian Wells &amp;#124; Beyond The Baseline |publisher=Tennis.si.com |date= |accessdate=11 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, due tae the WTA ranking seestem, this wad mean anither drop in ranking, bringin her tae warld No. 7. In Aprile, she won [[Weemen's Stuttgart Open|Stuttgart Open]], her first title o the year an 30t o her career bi defeatin [[Ana Ivanovic]] in three sets. Stuttgart is the anly tournament Sharapova haes won three times. In Mey, Maria won the [[2014 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid Open]], her seicont title o the year an first in [[Madrid]], defeatin [[Simona Halep]] in three sets. Wi nine clay titles, she joins Venus Williams as the third maist successfu active player on the surface.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Sharapova-wins-Madrid-Open-title/articleshow/34985579.cms|title=Sharapova wins Madrid Open title|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=May 11, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova then competit in the [[Italian Open (tennis)|Italian Open]] in Roum, whaur she made the third roond. She lost tae [[Ana Ivanovic]] in straucht sets.

Sharapova wis seedit 7t at 2014 French Open an defeatit Ksenia Pervak, Tsvetana Pironkova, an Paula Ormaechea in the first 3 roonds, all in straucht sets. In the fowert roond she defeatit Samantha Stosur, reeling off nine straucht gemmes frae a set an 3–4 doun. This merked her 14t win in 16 meetins wi the Australian. In the quarters, she defeatit [[Garbine Muguruza]], again coming back frae a set doun, tae reach the semifinals at the French for the fowert consecutive year. In the semi-finals, she defeatit [[Eugenie Bouchard]], ance again coming back frae a set doun, tae reach her third consecutive [[French Open]] final. In the final, she defeatit [[Simona Halep]] in three sets tae win her seicont French Open title an fift oweraw Major title. This wis the first time syne 2001 whaur a third set wis contested in the final. The match teuk juist ower three oors, an haes been describit as ane o the best weemen's finals in recent years.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Meyers|first1=Nalia-Jean|title=Maria Sharapova Wins French Open|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/sports/tennis/maria-sharapova-wins-french-open.html?_r=0|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=June 7, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2014 Wimbledon Championships]] will be her next tournament as Sharapova chose nae tae play a warm-up event afore the third Grand Slam o the saison gets underway.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/tennis/article-2654515/Maria-Sharapova-hops-London-Underground-seeing-boyfriend-Grigor-Dimitrov-beat-James-Ward-Queens-Club.html#ixzz34HRs4TtE Maria Sharapova hops on the London Underground] Dailymail. 10-06-2014. Retrieved 11-06-2014.&lt;/ref&gt; At the [[2014 Wimbledon Championships]], Sharapova reached the fowert roond, whaur she lost tae German [[Angelique Kerber]], the ninth seed, in three sets.

Sharapova then played the [[2014 Rogers Cup]] in [[Montreal]] whaur she wis the 4t seed. She received a first roond bye an faced [[Garbine Muguruza]] in her opener, she won in 3 sets. In the follaein roond she lost in 3 sets tae Muguruza's compatriot, [[Carla Suarez Navarro]]. At the [[2014 Western &amp; Southern Open]], Sharapova wis seedit 5t an defeatit [[Madison Keys]] efter haein a first roond bye. She then went on tae defeat Pavlyuchenkova an newly crowned warld no.2 [[Simona Halep]] tae reach the last fower. She faced Ivanovic again but lost in a roller coaster three-setter despite haein twa match pynts. Sharapova then travelled tae New York for the [[2014 US Open (tennis)|US Open]] whaur she wis the 5t seed. She defeatit compatriot [[Maria Kirilenko]] an Romanian [[Alexandra Dulgheru]] afore overcoming 26t seedit German [[Sabine Lisicki]] in roond 3 tae set up a clash wi [[Caroline Wozniacki]] in the roond o 16. Sharapova lost tae the Dane in 3 sets.

Sharapova next played the inaugural 2014 Wuhan open whaur she wis seedit 4t. Efter receiving a first roond bye she defeatit compatriot Svetlana Kuznetsova in 3 sets an next faced [[Timea Bacsinszky]]. Awtho Sharapova won thair 2 previous encounters she wis stunned bi Timea in 2 tight sets sicweys endin her campaign at the premier 5 tournament.

The follaein week Sharapova played the China Open in Beijing a Premier Mandatory-level tournament. Reachin the final wioot dropping a set, Sharapova defeatit warld No. 9 Ana Ivanovic in the semis. In the final Sharapova met reigning Wimbledon champion an warld No. 3 Petra Kvitova. Sharapova won the match in 2 oors 30 minutes, defeatin the Czech in three sets. Bi virtue o the win, Sharapova's ranking rose frae No. 4 tae No. 2 in the warld an she secured hersel the seicont seeding for the WTA year end Championship. An aa, Sharapova closed in on the year end number ane ranking spot, bein juist 467 pynts behind Williams.

Maria wis ranked No. 2 heidin intae the WTA Tour Championships, wi a chance o owertakin [[Serena Williams]] as warld No. 1. She wis drawn in the white group, wi [[Petra Kvitova]], [[Agnieszka Radwanska]] an [[Caroline Wozniacki]]. Her first match wis a three set loss tae Wozniacki. Maria an aa lost her 2nt roond robin match tae Kvitova in straucht sets; her first loss tae Petra syne 2011. Maria still haed a chance o makin the Semis, houiver she needed tae beat Radwanska in twa sets, an Wozniacki needed tae beat Petra in straucht sets as well. She ended her year wi a win against Radwanska in three sets, finishin3rd oweraw in the White group. She ended the year as warld No. 2, behind [[Serena Williams]].

===2015: Fourth Australian Open final===
{{main|2015 Maria Sharapova tennis season}}
Sharapova kicked off her 2015 saison at the Brisbane International whaur she wis tap seed an received a bye in the first roond. Sharapova defeatit Yaroslava Shvedova an Carla Suarez Navarro. In the semi finals Sharapova faced Elina Svitolina, beatin her in straucht sets. Reachin the final wioot dropping a set, Sharapova played an intense match against seicont seed Ana Ivanovic but came throu in three sets. This wis Sharapova's 10t win ower Ivanovic an bi winnin her 34th title, it meant that Sharapova haes won at least ane title every year for 13 consecutive years. An aa, it wis juist her seicont title in Australie sae far, an for baith she beat Ivanovic. Sharapova's next tournament wis the 2015 Australian Open, whaur she beat [[Petra Martić]] an fellae countrywoman [[Alexandra Panova]] (despite haein twa match pynts against her) in the first twa roonds, afore beatin [[Zarina Diyas]] an [[Peng Shuai]] in straucht sets. Thare, she beat seivent-seedit [[Eugenie Bouchard]] an fellae Roushie [[Ekaterina Makarova]] in straucht sets tae mak her fowert Australian Open final, whaur she lost tae [[Serena Williams]] in straucht sets, worsening her record against her tae 2–17. In Februar, follaein her participation in the [[2015 Fed Cup|Fed Cup]], Sharapova played in [[2015 Abierto Mexicano Telcel|Acapulco]], whaur she beat [[Shelby Rogers]], [[Mariana Duque Mariño]] an [[Magdaléna Rybáriková]] tae advance the semifinals. Sharapova later withdrew frae her match against [[Caroline Garcia]], citing a painch virus. Next, in [[2015 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]], she beat [[Yanina Wickmayer]] an [[Victoria Azarenka]] in straucht sets, afore losin tae defendin champion [[Flavia Pennetta]] in the fowert roond in three sets. Efter receiving a bye in the first roond o the [[2015 Miami Open|Miami Open]], Sharapova lost in the seicont roond tae fellae Roushie [[Daria Gavrilova]] in straucht sets, merking her earliest exit frae the tournament syne her first appearance in Miami in 2003.

Sharapova began her clay saison in [[2015 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Stuttgart]] whaur she wis the three time defendin champion. Efter receiving a first roond bye, she lost in the seicont roond tae [[Angelique Kerber]] in three sets, snapping Sharapova's win streak at the tournament an merking her first ever loss at the tournament haein won it three times in a row ([[2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|2012]], [[2013 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|2013]], &amp; [[2014 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|2014]]). The loss an aa snapped a 64 match win streak on clay whaur Sharapova won the first set an went on tae win the match. The last time Sharapova lost a match on clay efter winnin the first set wis against [[Dinara Safina]] in the fowert roond at the [[2008 French Open]]. As a result o the loss Sharapova lost the No. 2 ranking tae [[Simona Halep]]. Sharapova's next clay court tournament wis the Madrid Open whaur she wis the defendin champion. She advanced tae the semifinals. Thare, she wis beaten bi Svetlana Kuznetsova for the first time syne 2008. Sharapova's next tournament wis be the Italian Open in Roum whaur she wis seedit 3rd. She beat [[Victoria Azarenka]] in the quarterfinals in straucht sets tae set up a re-match wi [[Daria Gavrilova]]. She beat Gavrilova in straucht sets tae advance tae the final, whaur she faced [[Carla Suarez Navarro]]. Efter losin the first set, Sharapova managed tae claim the next twa sets an her third [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Roum]]  title. Bi winnin Roum, Sharapova reclaimed the No. 2 ranking ower Halep.

==Fed Cup participation==
Sharapova haes lived in the United States syne muivin thare at the age o seiven, but retains her Roushie citizenship, an is therefore eligible tae play in the [[Fed Cup]] for Roushie.&lt;ref name=&quot;pravda&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.pravda.ru/society/stories/11-10-2005/9051-sharapova-0/|title=Maria Sharapova unwilling to trade her Russian citizenship for anything|publisher=[[Pravda]]|date=October 11, 2005|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, the behaviour o Sharapova's faither during her matches on the WTA Tour, combined wi a perceived lack o commitment bi her tae the Fed Cup, haes made her selection for the [[Roushie Fed Cup team]] cause controversy in the past.

Efter Sharapova haed beaten fellae Roushie [[Anastasia Myskina]] at the [[2004 WTA Tour Championships]], Myskina criticized Sharapova's faither, saying: &quot;He was just yelling and screaming instructions to her and I thought he just might jump right on the court at one point in the match.&quot; At the Fed Cup semifinals twa weeks later, Myskina stated she wad stap playin for Roushie if Sharapova jynt the Roushie team the follaein saison: &quot;If she joins our team next season you won't see me there for sure. His behaviour is totally incorrect, simply rude. I don't want to be around people like him.&quot; [[Larisa Neiland]], assistant tae Roushie Fed Cup captain Shamil Tarpishchev, added: &quot;Her father's behaviour (at the WTA Tour Championships) was simply outrageous. I just don't see how he could work with the rest of us.&quot; Houiver Tarpishchev himsel played doun the problem, insisting: &quot;I feel that things will calm down soon and we'll have Myskina, Sharapova, Kuznetsova and everyone else playing for Russia.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;myskina&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4040243.stm|title=Myskina stands by Fed Cup threat|publisher=BBC|date=November 25, 2004|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

At the end o 2005, Sharapova stated she wis nou keen tae mak her Fed Cup debut&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4326784.stm|title=Sharapova keen to play for Russia|publisher=BBC|date=October 10, 2005|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an wis set tae play against Belgium in Aprile 2006, but withdrew.&lt;ref name=&quot;sharapovadelays&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4788132.stm|title=Sharapova delays debut for Russia|publisher=BBC|date=March 8, 2006|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
She later withdrew frae ties against Spain in Aprile 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;missfedcup&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6520271.stm|title=Sharapova to miss Fed Cup debut|publisher=BBC|date=April 2, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; an against the United States in Julie 2007 acause o injuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;pulloutangers&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6288526.stm|title=Sharapova pull-out angers Russia|publisher=BBC|date=July 10, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The latter withdrawal led tae Roushie's captain saying she wad be &quot;ineligible for selection&quot; for the Fed Cup final in September.&lt;ref name=&quot;forfedcup&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6904802.stm|title=Russia drop Sharapova for Fed Cup|publisher=BBC|date=July 16, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, Sharapova attended the final, cheering frae the sidelines an actin as a &quot;hitting partner&quot; in practices, resultin in some o her Roushie teammates implying that she wis attending anly tae enable her tae play at the [[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing Olympics]] (rules state that players must hae &quot;shown commitment&quot; tae Fed Cup in order tae play). [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]] said, &quot;She said she wanted to be our practice partner but if you can't play how then can you practice?&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;rowover&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6999113.stm|title=Row over Sharapova's Fed Cup show|publisher=BBC|date=September 17, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova finally made her Fed Cup debut in Februar 2008, in Roushie's quarterfinal tie against [[Israel Fed Cup team|Israel]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fedcupdebut&quot; &gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tennis/sharapova-set-to-make-fed-cup-debut/2008/01/22/1200764265448.html|title=Sharapova set to make Fed Cup debut|work=The Age|accessdate=May 4, 2013|date=January 23, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; She won baith her singles rubbers, against [[Tzipora Obziler]] an [[Shahar Pe'er]], helpin Roushie tae a 4–1 victory.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fedcup.com/en/results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100010107|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630213658/http://www.fedcup.com/en/results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100010107|archivedate=2008-06-30|publisher=Fed Cup|title=Fed Cup: Israel vs. Russia tie|date=February 2–3, 2008|accessdate=June 12, 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; For the semifinals, she wis gien permission tae skip the tie, wi Tarpishchev annooncin that she will be on the team for the final.&lt;ref name=&quot;theage&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tennis/sharapova-set-to-make-fed-cup-debut/2008/01/22/1200764265448.html|publisher=The Age Company Ltd.|work=The Age|accessdate=September 6, 2011|date=January 23, 2008|title=Sharapova set to make Fed Cup debut}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, the date o the final coincided wi the lay-off frae her shoulder injury, an sicweys she did nae play.&lt;ref name=&quot;theage&quot; /&gt;

In the 2011 first-roond tie, Sharapova played [[Virginie Razzano]] o Fraunce an lost. Sharapova wis supposed tae play [[Alizé Cornet]] but she wis sufferin frae a viral illness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-france-viral-illness/|title=Sharapova pulls out of Gaz de France due to viral illness|publisher=TV-Novosti|work=[[Roushie Today]]|date=February 10, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-16|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130616031235/http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-france-viral-illness/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Teammate [[Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova]] played an defeatit Cornet tae secure the 3–2 win for Roushie against Fraunce. Sharapova continued tae participate in 2012 an helped Roushie tae a 3–2 win against Spain in the first-roond tie. Sharapova defeatit [[Silvia Soler Espinosa]] in the first rubber, but wis unable tae play her seicont rubber due tae illness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-russia-serbia-fed-cup-tarpischev-573/|title=Sharapova to miss Fed Cup semis|publisher=TV-Novosti|work=[[Roushie Today]]|date=February 6, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130615221251/http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-russia-serbia-fed-cup-tarpischev-573/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2015, Sharapova helped Roushie earn a place in the semifinals efter beatin Pole [[Urszula Radwanska]] in the first tie an her sister [[Agnieszka Radwanska]] in the seicont tie.

==Playing style==
Sharapova is an aggressive baseliner wi pouer, depth, an angles on her forehaund an backhaund.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot;&gt;Jeff Cooper. [http://tennis.about.com/od/playersfemale/a/sharapovagp.htm Maria Sharapova – Tennis Game Profile], About.com. Retrieved July 23, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; She is ane o the few players on the WTA tour that aften uises the reverse forehaund. Insteid o uisin a tradeetional [[volley (tennis)|volley]] or owerheid [[Smash (tennis)|smash]], she wad as leif hit a pouerfu &quot;swingin&quot; volley whan approachin the net or attackin [[Lob (tennis)|lobs]].&lt;ref&gt;Douglas Robson. [http://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/wimb/2007-06-24-volleys_N.htm Swinging, midcourt volley becomes key weapon among pros], ''USA Today'', June 25, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova is thocht tae hae guid speed aroond the court, inspecially conseederin her heicht.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot;/&gt; At the beginnin o 2008, some observers noted that Sharapova haed developpit her game, shawin improved movement an footwork an the addition o a [[drop shot]] an sliced backhaund tae her repertoire o shots.&lt;ref&gt;Steve Bierley. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/jan/23/tennis.australianopen2008 Sharapova adds variety to end Henin run], ''The Guardian'', January 23, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thetennistimes.com/maria-sharapova/|title=Maria Sharapova Scouting report|publisher=Thetennistimes.com|accessdate=August 7, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007231236/http://thetennistimes.com/maria-sharapova/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite her powerful game, Sharapova's greatest asset is considered tae be her mental toughness an competitive spirit, wi Nick Bollettieri statin that she is &quot;tough as nails&quot;. Haw-o-famer [[John McEnroe]] said o Sharapova, &quot;she's one of the best competitors in the history of the sport.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/07/04/1088879371559.html|author=Linda Pearce|work=The Age |title=Sharapova's arrival a victory for mental toughness|date=July 5, 2004|accessdate=June 12, 2010|location=Melbourne}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova is kent for on-court &quot;[[grunting (tennis)|grunting]]&quot;, which reached a recorded 101 [[decibel]]s during a match at [[2005 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon in 2005]].&lt;ref name=&quot;grunting&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4118708.stm|title=Why do women tennis stars grunt?|author=Megan Lane|publisher=BBC|date=June 22, 2005|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; During her seicont roond match in Birmingham in 2003, Sharapova wis asked tae tone doun the level o her grunt efter opponent [[Nathalie Dechy]] complained tae the umpire, wi Sharapova's response saying that her grunting wis &quot;a natural instinct.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/06/12/878185.htm|title=Scream queen Sharapova warned to silence screams|date=June 12, 2003|accessdate=July 4, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Monica Seles]] suggestit that gruntin is involuntary an a pairt o tennis.&lt;ref name=&quot;GruntTelegraph&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1523117/Grunting-is-just-part-of-my-game-claims-Sharapova.html|title=Grunting is just part of my game, claims Sharapova|author=Catriona Davies|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=September 24, 2008|accessdate=October 19, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; When questioned bi the media aboot her grunting, Sharapova urged the media tae &quot;just watch the match.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4649550.stm|title=Beaten Sharapova turns on media|publisher=BBC|date=January 26, 2006|accessdate=June 2, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her defensive gemme haes been worked on bi her new coach, an this haes reflected in her results, makin consecutive semi-finals at premier mandatory events on the tour. Later in her career, Sharapova an aa added drop shots tae her repertoire, makin for a mair unpredictable gemme style.

===Serve===
[[File:Maria Sharapova at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships 12 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sharapova at The Championships, Wimbledon in 2009.]]
Early in her career Sharapova's first an seicont serves war regarded as powerful,&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot;/&gt; an she wis believed tae possess ane o the best deliveries on the Tour.&lt;ref name=&quot;Serve1&quot; /&gt; Syne the beginnin o 2007, houiver, problems wi her shoulder hae reduced the effectiveness o her serve.&lt;ref name=&quot;Serve1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=3046996|author=Joel Drucker|publisher=ESPN Tennis|title=Lingering injuries or limitations coming to light for Sharapova|date=October 3, 2007|accessdate=June 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The shoulder injury nae anly resulted in her inconsistent first serves, but an aa her hitting heich nummers o double faults.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tennis.com/features/general/features.aspx?id=108430 &quot;Bottom line for the top women, 2007&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124055318/http://www.tennis.com/features/general/features.aspx?id=108430 |date=2007-11-24 }}, Tennis.com. Retrieved July 23, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Twa-time US Open singles champion [[Tracy Austin]] believes that Sharapova eften loses confidence in the rest o her gemme when she experiences problems wi her serve an consequently produces mair unforced errors an generally plays mair tentatively,&lt;ref name=&quot;austin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Tracy Austin|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/25396610/|title=Austin: Sharapova loss a win for Venus and Serena|work=NBC Sports|date=June 27, 2008|accessdate=July 23, 2008|archive-date=2008-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714023402/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/25396610/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; while tennis writer Joel Drucker remarked that her serve wis the &quot;catalyst for her entire game&quot;, an that her struggles wi it left her &quot;unmasked.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Serve1&quot; /&gt;

In her return frae layoff in 2008 tae 2009, she uised an abbreviated motion, which wis somewhat less powerful, an tho producin aces an aa gae a very heich number o double faults. Efter her early loss at the [[2009 US Open (tennis)|2009 US Open]], Sharapova returned tae a mair elangatit motion, seemilar tae her pre-surgery serve. She haes syne been able tae produce speeds greater than afore, includin a 121&amp;nbsp;mph serve hit at the Birmingham tournament in 2010 – the fastest serve o her career.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/7841792/Wimbledon-2010-Maria-Sharapova-fighting-fit-at-last-and-ready-to-reclaim-her-SW19-crown.html|title=Wimbledon 2010: Maria Sharapova fighting fit at last and ready to reclaim her SW19 crown|author=Mark Hodgkinson|date=June 21, 2010|accessdate=June 21, 2010|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Houiver syne her shoulder operation Sharapova haes been unable tae control her serve. This haes led tae numerous faults, as she is unable tae feel how much power she is generating.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/09/sports/sp-la-women-tennis9|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Diane|last=Pucin|title=Maria Sharapova can't control her serve|date=August 9, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The new action led tae an elbow injury, but unner Thomas Högstedt it haes improved but can still be erratic.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.optimumtennis.net/maria-sharapova-serve.htm|title=Maria Sharapova Serve Analysis – A Look Behind the Sharapova Serve Technique|publisher=Optimumtennis.net|accessdate=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2015-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216153525/http://www.optimumtennis.net/maria-sharapova-serve.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; This improvement in serving can be seen in the 2013 Australian Open an follaein tournaments whaur Maria Sharapova committed fewer double faults than in previous years.

===Surfaces===
Acause she predicates her gemme on power, Sharapova's preferred surfaces early in her career war the fast-playin haurd an gress courts, as evident throu her 25 victories on haurd court an gress court. This is maist notable when she won the [[2004 Wimbledon]], [[2006 US Open (tennis)|2006 U.S. Open]] an [[2008 Australian Open]] crowns, whaur she haed her career breakthrough an played her peak tennis level, respectively.

Sharapova initially wis nae as well-suited tae the slower clay courts as she is on haurd an gress courts. Sharapova admitted in 2007 that she wis nae as comfortable wi her movement on clay compared wi ither court surfaces an ance describit hersel as lik a &quot;cow on ice&quot; efter a match on clay,&lt;ref name=&quot;cow&quot;&gt;Barry Flatman. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article1867693.ece Sharapova: a cow on ice?], ''The Times'', May 31, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; due tae her inability tae slide. Later in her career, she showed improvement on this surface wi respect tae experience, as evidenced wi her first WTA reid clay title at the [[2010 Internationaux de Strasbourg]], 7 years syne playin on the WTA circuit. She won her first French Open title an capturt the career grand slam at the [[2012 French Open]] an as o 2014 leads the WTA tour o active players wi the heichest winnin percentage on clay, wi an 84.25% winnin rate.&lt;ref name=&quot;tennis.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2014/04/dont-have-cow/51317/#.U2WX28JOVwU |title=tennis.com – Don't Have a Cow&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2015-06-09 |archive-date=2016-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2014/04/dont-have-cow/51317/#.U2WX28JOVwU |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Syne her shoulder injury, her best surface haes acome clay ower gress &amp; haurd courts, an wi her victory at the [[2014 French Open]], she haes nou won the French Open twice, which is mair times than she haes won ony ither slam, an her last 3 Grand Slam Finals hae all been at the French Open (3 consecutive finals frae 2012–2014).

==Personal life==

===Relationships===
Sharapova haes dated [[Maroon 5]] sangster [[Adam Levine]]. The couple dated for a short time in 2005 efter meetin at Sharapova's 18t birthday pairty. Houiver, the couple broke up suin. In 2008, Sharapova briefly dated American telly producer [[Charlie Ebersol]] but the pair split suin efter. In 2011, Sharapova wis engaged tae Slovenian professional basketball player [[Sasha Vujačić]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2010/10/21/maria-sharapova-sasha-vujacic-engaged-proposed-los-angeles-lakers/|title=Maria Sharapova &amp; Sasha Vujacic – Engaged|publisher=[[TMZ.com|TMZ]]|date=October 21, 2010|accessdate=October 21, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=5713080|title=Maria Sharapova betrothed to guard|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=October 21, 2010|accessdate=October 22, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The twa haed been datin syne 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/sports_blog/2009/11/lakers-sasha-vujacic-maria-sharapova-dating.html|title=The Fabulous Forum: Are Sasha Vujacic and Maria Sharapova dating?|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 3, 2009|accessdate=June 18, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; On August 31, 2012, Sharapova confirmed that the pair haed ended the engagement an separated during early 2012. Later that year, she began datin Bulgarian tennis player [[Grigor Dimitrov]]. The twa confirmed thair relationship efter the 2013 Madrid Open.

===Public profile===
Sharapova haes lived in the United States syne muivin thare at the age o seiven. Besides a home in [[Bradenton]], Florida, she an aa haes a residence in [[Manhattan Beach, California]].&lt;ref name=&quot;peoplemagazine&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,1183711,00.html|title=Celebrity Q &amp; A – Maria Sharapova|publisher=[[People Magazine]]|date=April 17, 2006|author=Kathy Ehrich-Dowd|access-date=2015-06-09|archive-date=2008-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223093250/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C26334%2C1183711%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Frae 2005 tae 2011, Sharapova wis named tae the [[Forbes Celebrity 100]], which attempts tae compile the tap 100 maist powerful celebrities o that year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/maria-sharapova|title=The Celebrity 100|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=June 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Sharapova haes made varyin remarks on how lang she intends tae maintain her tennis career. Follaein the retirement o 25-year-auld [[Justine Henin]] in 2008, Sharapova said, &quot;If I was 25 and I'd won so many Grand Slams, I'd quit too.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;henin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7401565.stm|title=Henin is best of her generation|publisher=BBC|date=May 15, 2008|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; In an interview efter the [[2008 Australian Open]], she balked at the idea o playin for anither ten years, saying that she hoped tae hae a &quot;nice husband and a few kids&quot; bi then.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/22856899/|title=Billie Jean King's text inspired Sharapova|agency=Associated Press|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|date=January 26, 2008|accessdate=October 24, 2008|archive-date=2008-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607055611/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/22856899/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver in an interview afore her [[2012 Australian Open]] semifinal, Sharapova changed her stance, saying she intendit tae continue playin tennis for as lang as she enjoyed playin the game. Sharapova stated &quot;I'm sure when I was 17 years old and someone said, you'll be playing for another eight years, it would be like, you're not going to see me at a press conference at 25 years old. But years go on. I missed a year in my career—I didn't play that year. I've said this, just before the tournament, a few weeks before, I woke up and I was just so happy to be going back on the court. I felt so fresh, full of energy, just with a really good perspective. Times change, obviously. I see myself playing this sport for many more years because it's something that gives me the most pleasure in my life. I think it helps when you know you're good at something, and you can always improve it. It obviously helps with the encouragement.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sportal.com.au/tennis-opinion-display/maria-not-ready-for-veterans-list-158083 |title=Maria not ready for veteran's list – Tennis – Sportal Australia |publisher=Sportal.com.au |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2012 |first=Bren |last=O'Brien at |archive-date=2012-09-15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120915060011/http://www.sportal.com.au/tennis-opinion-display/maria-not-ready-for-veterans-list-158083 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

At the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|2004 US Open]], Sharapova, alang wi several ither Roushie female tennis players, wore a black ribbon in observance o the tragedy efter the [[Beslan schuil hostage crisis]], whilk teuk place anly days afore.&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen04/news/story?id=1874900|title=Sharapova puts loss in perspective|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=David Boroff|date=September 6, 2004|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2005, she donated aroond US$50,000 tae thaim that wis affeckit bi the crisis.&lt;ref name=&quot;wtacareer&quot;/&gt; On Februar 14, 2007, Sharapova wis appyntit a [[UNDP Goodwill Ambassador|Goodwill Ambassador]] for the [[UNDP|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) an donated US$210,000 tae [[Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP)|UNDP Chernobyl-recovery projects]]. She stated at the time that she wis planning tae traivel back tae the aurie efter Wimbledon in 2008,&lt;ref name=&quot;usatoday&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2007-08-13-799623401_x.htm|title=Maria Sharapova plans 1st trip back to Chernobyl since family fled|publisher=USAToday|author=Beth Harris|date=August 13, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; tho it didn't happen, as she haed tae traivel back tae the US acause o shoulder injury.&lt;ref name=&quot;wimbledon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629223721/http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/news/interviews/2010-06-28/201006281277743223156.html|archivedate=2010-06-29|url=http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/news/interviews/2010-06-28/201006281277743223156.html|title=Interview with Sharapova|publisher=WTA|accessdate=May 4, 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She fulfilled the trip in late Juin – early Julie 2010. Sharapova haes helped tae promote the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sochi]], Roushie,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/sport/interview-with-maria-sharapova/|publisher=TV-Novosti|work=[[Roushie Today]]|accessdate=May 4, 2013|title=Interview with Maria Sharapova|date=May 11, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; an wis the first torch bearer in the torch-lichtin ceremony during the openin festivities. In addition, wi [[Angela Haynes]], [[Maria Kirilenko]], [[Nicole Vaidišová]], [[Rennae Stubbs]], Governor [[Jeb Bush]] an [[Jennifer Capriati]], Sharapova participated in an exhibition in Tampa in December 2004, raisin money for the Florida Hurricane Relief Fund.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/story/7874647|title=Capriati, Sharapova to play benefit for hurricane victims|publisher=CBS Sports|date=November 10, 2004|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130615221331/http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/story/7874647|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Julie 2008, Sharapova sent a message on DVD tae the memorial service o cancer victim Emily Bailes, wha haed performed the coin toss aheid o the [[2004 Wimbledon Championships|2004 Wimbledon final]] that Sharapova haed gane on tae win.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_midlands/7489565.stm|title=Service held for Wimbledon girl|publisher=BBC|date=July 4, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Endorsements==
[[File:Maria Sharapova, December 2008.jpg|thumb|Sharapova at offeecial unveilin o her [[Canon PowerShot]] Diamond lineup]]
Sharapova's tennis success an appearance hae enabled her tae secure commercial endorsements that greatly exceed the value o her tournament winnins.&lt;ref name=&quot;marcganis&quot;&gt;Marc Ganis, the president of SportsCorp Ltd., a sports-industry consultant in Chicago, said, &quot;Never underestimate the importance of physical beauty to an athlete's endorsement opportunities. Other than performance on the court, it may be the single most important asset.&quot; ''The New York Times''. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/03/sports/tennis/03endorse.html?fta=y Serving Their Clients], September 7, 2006&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hbswk&quot;&gt;&quot;It does not hurt that Sharapova is regarded as one of the most beautiful athletes in the world.&quot; [http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5607.html Marketing Maria: Managing the Athlete Endorsement], [[Harvard Business School]] Lessons from the classroom, Sara Jane Gilbert, October 29, 2007. Retrieved on June 1, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; In Mairch 2006, Forbes magazine listed her as the heichest-peyed female athlete in the warld, wi annual earnins o ower US $18&amp;nbsp;million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2006/03/22/woods-sharapova-nike_cx_lr_0322athletes_2.html|title=The World's Best-Paid Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 22, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; the majority f which wis frae endorsements an sponsorships. She haes topped that leet every year syne, even efter her 2007 shoulder injury.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title = World's Highest-Paid Women Athletes|url =http://www.topendsports.com/world/lists/earnings/women-paid.htm|accessdate =May 9, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/22/women-athletes-endorsements-biz-sports-cx_tvr_kb_0722athletes.html|title=Top-Earning Female Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|date=July 22, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2010/08/18/top-earning-female-athletes-business-sportsmoney-female-athletes.html|title=The World's Highest-Paid Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|date=August 18, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, ''Forbes'' listed Sharapova as No. 29 in thair leet o 50 tap-peyed athletes, the anly woman on the leet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Kurt Badenhausen |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106040824/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2011/05/31/the-worlds-highest-paid-athletes/2/ |archivedate=2012-11-06 |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2011/05/31/the-worlds-highest-paid-athletes/ |title=The World's Highest-Paid Athletes |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 18, 2012 |accessdate=May 5, 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2012, she wis listed as No. 15, an wis jynt in the tap 20 bi [[Li Na]] at No. 16 an [[Serena Williams]] at No. 17.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2012/06/18/mayweather-tops-list-of-the-worlds-100-highest-paid-athletes/|title=Mayweather Tops List Of The World's 100 Highest-Paid Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|author=Kurt Badenhausen|date=June 18, 2012|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Aprile 2005, ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' named her ane o the 50 maist beautiful celebrities in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title = PEOPLE's 50 Most Beautiful People|url = http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1046248_1054061,00.html|date = April 27, 2005|accessdate = May 5, 2013|archive-date = 2016-05-04|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160504191335/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1046248_1054061,00.html|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In 2006, ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'' ranked Sharapova the hettest athlete in the warld for the fowert consecutive year. She posed in a sax-page bikini photoshuit spread in the 2006 [[Valentine's Day]] issue o the ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue]]'', alangside 25 supermodels.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/swimsuit/coverfeatured/10256/index.htm|title=2006 SWIMSUIT COVER|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=September 4, 1995|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a poll run bi Britain's ''[[FHM]]'' magazine, she wis voted the seivent maist eligible bachelorette,&lt;ref name=&quot;newscomau&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21300664-10388,00.html|work=News.com.au|title=Rod's daughter most eligible|date=February 28, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2007-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303091807/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21300664-10388,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; based on baith &quot;wealth and looks.&quot;

Immediately efter her win at the 2004 Wimbledon Championship, mobile phone company [[Motorola]] signed Sharapova tae endorse thair mobile phone line.&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt; Additionally, she appeared in commercials for [[Land Rover]] an [[Canon (company)|Canon]], as well as approved o namesake items bi watch brand [[Tag Heuer]] an jeweller [[Tiffany &amp; Co.|Tiffany]].&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt; Tiffany an aa provides Sharapova wi earrings frae the &quot;Tiffany for Maria Sharapova&quot; collection at the fower major events, that are an aa retailed globally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://press.tiffany.com/News/NewsItem.aspx?id=130 |title=Tiffany &amp; Co. For The Press &amp;#124; News &amp;#124; Maria Sharapova to Wear Tiffany Earrings at the 2011 French Open &amp;#124; United States |publisher=Tiffany &amp; Co. |date=May 11, 2011 |accessdate=June 11, 2012 |archive-date=2013-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108004447/http://press.tiffany.com/News/NewsItem.aspx?id=130 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; She an aa starred in an awaird winnin campaign for the sports claedin brand Nike, &quot;[[Pretty (advertisement)|Pretty]]&quot;, in the simmer o 2006. She signed a sponsorship deal in Januar 2007 wi [[Gatorade]] an [[Tropicana Products|Tropicana]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2007/01/Issue-72/Sponsorships-Advertising-Marketing/Pepsico-Inks-Sharapova-To-Promote-Gatorade-Tropicana-Brands.aspx |title=PepsiCo Inks Sharapova To Promote Gatorade, Tropicana Brands |publisher=SportsBusiness Journal |date=January 3, 2007 |accessdate=September 10, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; which ended in 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/mariasharapova/5163203/Maria-Sharapova-loses-tennis-fizz-as-Pepsi-end-deal.html |title=Maria Sharapova loses tennis fizz as Pepsi end deal |publisher=''The Telegraph'' |date=April 16, 2009 |first=Rod |last=Gilmour |accessdate=September 10, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  In 2007, Sharapova wis featurt in a nummer o Canon USA's commercials for the PowerShot.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.letsgodigital.org/en/14539/maria-sharapova/|title=Maria Sharapova in Canon PowerShot commercial|publisher=LetsGoDigital|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova haes an aa been depicted in mony tennis-relatit video gemmes. Some o the titles include the ''[[Top Spin (video game)|Top Spin series]]'', ''[[Virtua Tennis]]'' series, an ''[[Grand Slam Tennis]]'' series. During the layoff due tae her shoulder surgery, sensing the fleeting naitur o a professional athlete's career, Sharapova decidit tae focus on developin her name as a brand, beginnin wi meetin wi her sponsors mair extensively tae further her brand.&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt; In Januar 2010, it wis annoonced that Sharapova haed renewed her contract wi Nike, signin an 8-year deal for $70&amp;nbsp;million. This is the maist lucrative deal ever for a sportswoman, dwarfing the previous record, which wis Venus Williams' $43&amp;nbsp;million deal wi Reebok.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2010/jan/12/maria-sharapova-nike-deal|title=Maria Sharapova signs £43m deal with Nike|work=[[The Guardian]]|author=Simon Cambers|accessdate=May 5, 2013|date=January 12, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Follaein in the fitsteps o tennis players wha stairtit claedin lines lik [[Fred Perry]] an [[René Lacoste]], Sharapova launched her ain tennis apparel line, the &quot;Nike Maria Sharapova Collection&quot;, in 2010. The collection includes dresses that she designed for aw the major tournaments, in collaboration wi Nike an [[Cole Haan]].&lt;ref name=cnn-ms&gt;{{cite web| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/27/sport/tennis/tennis-sharapova-grand-slam-design/index.html | publisher=CNN | title=Grand slam designs: Maria Sharapova's fashion statement | date=January 27, 2012|accessdate=May 19, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She haed previously foond that the outfits gien tae her bi Nike did nae suit her frame an war worn bi ower mony ither players.&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt; She comes up wi design ideas an sketches in a process that begins 18 month afore the event&lt;ref name=cnn-ms/&gt; an receives royalties frae the sale o the collection, o which the corresponding dresses are coordinated tae be available simultaneously wi the correspondin major tournament.&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt; The collection is worn bi ither WTA players, includin [[Sofia Arvidsson]], [[Eugenie Bouchard]], [[Kai-Chen Chang]], [[Andrea Hlaváčková]], [[Madison Keys]], [[Anastasia Pivovarova]] as well as junior players sic as [[Indy De Vroome]].&lt;ref name=cnn-ms/&gt; Sharapova haed earlier collaboratit wi Nike on the &quot;little black dress&quot; that she wore for her nicht matches at the 2006 US Open.&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt; The dress featurt a roond crystal studded collar an wis inspired bi [[Audrey Hepburn]].&lt;ref name=nytdress&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/fashion/maria-sharapovas-campaign-to-establish-herself-as-a-brand.html?pagewanted=all | work=[[The New York Times]] | first=Eric | last=Wilson | title=Maria Sharapova's Campaign to Establish Herself as a Brand | date=May 25, 2011|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The dress wis well publicized an received but wis nae mass-produced.&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt;&lt;ref name=cnn-ms/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sectionfront/life/sharapovas-little-black-dress-provokes-a-big-racket-at-us-open-448646/ | work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] | first=MacKenzie | last=Carpenter | title=Sharapova's little black dress provokes a big racket at U.S. Open | date=September 1, 2006|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, she designs shoes an handbags for Cole Haan, for which her signature ballerina flats are ane o the biggest sellers o the entire brand.&lt;ref name=nytdress/&gt;

Sharapova uised the [[Prince Sports|Prince]] Triple Threat Hornet for pairt o 2003 an then uised several different Prince racquets until the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. She gae the racquet she uised in the [[2004 Wimbledon]] final tae [[Regis Philbin]] when taping ''[[Live with Regis and Kelly]]''. Sharapova began uisin the Prince Shark OS at that tournament specially designed for her.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/Reviews/PSHKOS/PSHKOSReview.html|title=Prince Shark Racquet Review|accessdate=June 18, 2012|publisher=Tennis Warehouse|archive-date=2008-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327130507/http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/Reviews/PSHKOS/PSHKOSReview.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She then switched tae the Prince O3 White racquet in Januar 2006. She switched tae the Prince O3 Speedport Black in Julie 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://princetennis.com/tennis/files/teamPrincePlayer.aspx?plyid=89|title=Tennis Racquets, Tennis Footwear, String, EXO3 Racquet|publisher=Prince Tennis|accessdate=August 31, 2010|archive-date=2008-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022085350/http://www.princetennis.com/tennis/files/teamPrincePlayer.aspx?plyid=89|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter bein wi Prince for ten years,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228161310/http://tennis.com/articles/templates/gear.aspx?articleid=9327&amp;zoneid=24 |archivedate=2010-12-28 |url=http://tennis.com/articles/templates/gear.aspx?articleid=9327&amp;zoneid=24 |title=Gear – Maria Sharapova’s New Head for the New Year? |publisher=TENNIS.com |date=December 21, 2010 |accessdate=June 11, 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharapova began endorsing [[Head (company)|Head]] racquets in 2011 an uses the Head YOUTEK IG Instinct.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.head.com/tennis/news.php?region=us&amp;id=758|title=Performance meets Style – Maria Sharapova joins the HEAD team!|publisher=Head Tennis|date=January 3, 2011|accessdate=January 18, 2011|archive-date=2015-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713071147/http://www.head.com/tennis/news.php?region=us&amp;id=758|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/player.html?ccode=SHARAPOVA|title=Maria Sharapova|publisher=Tennis Warehouse|date=January 18, 2011|accessdate=January 18, 2011|archive-date=2015-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527060103/http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/player.html?ccode=SHARAPOVA|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sharapova signed a three-year deal tae be brand ambassador for [[Porsche]] in 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Harley|first=Michael|title=Porsche picks Maria Sharapova as brand ambassador|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/04/23/porsche-picks-maria-sharapova-as-brand-ambassador/|accessdate=2013-08-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sugarpova==
''Sugarpova'' is a [[candy]] line creaut bi Maria Sharapova an candy veteran Jeff Rubin, foonder o internaitional retailer IT'SUGAR.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sugarpova Candy: Sharapova's Sweet Taste of Success&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Sugarpova Candy: Sharapova's Sweet Taste of Success|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-17/sugarpova-candy-sharapovas-sweet-taste-of-success|accessdate=22 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharapova's Sugarpova lolly range 'smacks of irresponsible marketing'&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Sharapova's Sugarpova lolly range 'smacks of irresponsible marketing'|url=http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/sharapovas-sugarpova-lolly-range-smacks-of-irresponsible-marketing/story-fneuz8zj-1226552023463|accessdate=22 January 2013|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/sharapovas-sugarpova-lolly-range-smacks-of-irresponsible-marketing/story-fneuz8zj-1226552023463|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordin tae the Sugarpova wabsteid, &quot;Sugarpova is a premium candy line that reflects the fun, fashionable, sweet side of international tennis sensation Maria Sharapova.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;sugarpova.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sugarpova.com/about/ |title=International Shipping {{!}} Sugarpova&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2015-06-09 |archive-date=2017-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803094456/http://www.sugarpova.com/about/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The line currently consists o 12 different flavors that range frae Flirty, tae Smitten Sour, tae Splashy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://shop.sugarpova.com/ |title=International Shipping {{!}} Sugarpova&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |access-date=2015-06-09 |archive-date=2014-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328022826/http://shop.sugarpova.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A portion o aw proceeds goes tae the Maria Sharapova Foundation, Sharapova's charity.&lt;ref name=&quot;sugarpova.com&quot;/&gt; Sugarpova wis launched warldwide in 2013 throu IT'SUGAR an [[Selfridges]] stores.

Accordin tae her agent, Sharapova seriously considered changing her last name tae &quot;Sugarpova&quot; for the [[2013 US Open (tennis)|2013 US Open]], but ultimately decidit against it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=No name switch for Maria Sharapova|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/usopen13/story/_/id/9584846/2013-us-open-maria-sharapova-nixes-sugarpova-name-change|date=August 20, 2013|accessdate=August 20, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, some reports suggest that she made an application tae a Florida Court tae that effect.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova wants to change her name|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/08/20/maria-sharapova-wants-to-change-her-name|date=August 20, 2013|accessdate=August 20, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Career statistics==
{{Main|Maria Sharapova career statistics}}

===Grand Slam tournaments===

====Singles performance timeline====
{{Performance key}}
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!width=145|Tournament!![[2003 WTA Tour|2003]]!![[2004 WTA Tour|2004]]!![[2005 WTA Tour|2005]]!![[2006 WTA Tour|2006]]!![[2007 WTA Tour|2007]]!![[2008 WTA Tour|2008]]!![[2009 WTA Tour|2009]]!![[2010 WTA Tour|2010]]!![[2011 WTA Tour|2011]]!![[2012 WTA Tour|2012]]!![[2013 WTA Tour|2013]]!![[2014 WTA Tour|2014]]!![[2015 WTA Tour|2015]]!!width=65|{{Tooltip| SR | Strike Rate}} !!width=65|{{Tooltip| W–L | Win–Loss}}!!width=65|Win %
|-
|align=left|'''[[Australian Open]]'''
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2004 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2005 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2006 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
| style=&quot;background:thistle;&quot;|[[2007 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|F]]
|bgcolor=lime|'''[[2008 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|W]]'''
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
| style=&quot;background:thistle;&quot;|[[2012 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|F]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2013 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
| style=&quot;background:thistle;&quot;|[[2015 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|F]]
|1 / 12
|48–11
|81.36%
|-
|align=left|'''[[French Open]]'''
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 French Open – Weemen's Singles|1R]]
|bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2004 French Open – Weemen's Singles|QF]]
|bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2005 French Open – Weemen's Singles|QF]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2006 French Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2007 French Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2008 French Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2009 French Open – Weemen's Singles|QF]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 French Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2011 French Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
|bgcolor=lime|[[2012 French Open – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']]
| style=&quot;background:thistle;&quot;|[[2013 French Open – Weemen's Singles|F]]
|bgcolor=lime|[[2014 French Open – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2015 French Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|2 / 13
|53–11
|82.81%
|-
|align=left|'''[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]'''
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|bgcolor=lime|[[2004 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2007 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2008 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
| style=&quot;background:thistle;&quot;|[[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|F]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|
|1 / 12
|42–11
|79.25%
|-
|align=left|'''[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]'''
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 US Open – Weemen's Singles|2R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2004 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2005 US Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
|bgcolor=lime|[[2006 US Open – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2007 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]]
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 US Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]]
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot;|[[2012 US Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]]
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 US Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]]
|
|1 / 10
|32–9
|78.38%
|-
!style=text-align:left|Win–Loss
!4–4
!15–3
!19–4
!20–3
!16–4
!11–2
!7–3
!8–4
!16–4
!21–3
!12–3
!16–3
!
!5 / 46
!172–41
!80.25%
|}

&lt;small&gt; ''Note: At the [[2003 Australian Open]] an [[2003 French Open]], Sharapova won three qualifyin roond matches at each toornament in order tae enter the main draw.'' &lt;/small&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Sharapova, Maria Yuryevna
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Шара́пова; Мари́я Ю́рьевна
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Russian tennis player
|DATE OF BIRTH=April 19, 1987
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Nyagan|Nyagan']], [[Siberie]], Roushie
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharapova, Maria}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Eastren Orthodox Christians frae Roushie]]
[[Category:Expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:French Open champions]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bradenton, Florida]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Nyagan]]
[[Category:Roushie expatriates in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Roushie female models]]
[[Category:Roushie female tennis players]]
[[Category:Roushie fowk o Belaroushie strynd]]
[[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]]
[[Category:Wimbledon champions]]
[[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]]
[[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic tennis players o Roushie]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in tennis]]
[[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Roushie]]
[[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in weemen's singles]]</text>
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  <page>
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{{Taxobox
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| image = Persea americana fruit 2.JPG
| image_alt = Close-up picture o foliage an avocado fruit
| image_caption = Avocado fruit an foliage, [[Réunion|Réunion island]]
| image2 = Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg
| image2_caption = Ripe avocado fruit an cross-section
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| binomial = ''Persea americana''
| binomial_authority = [[Philip Miller|Mill.]]
| synonyms = ''Persea gratissima''
}}

The '''avocado''' (''Persea americana'') is a [[tree]] native tae Central Mexico,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=H.|last2=Morrell|first2=P. L.|last3=Ashworth|first3=V. E. T. M.|last4=De La Cruz|first4=M.|last5=Clegg|first5=M. T.|title=Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars|journal=Journal of Heredity|volume=100|issue=1|pages=56–65|year=2008|pmid=18779226|doi=10.1093/jhered/esn068}}&lt;/ref&gt; clessifee'd in the [[flouerin plant]] faimily [[Lauraceae]] alang wi [[cinnamon]], [[cinnamomum camphora|camphor]] an [[bay laurel]]. '''Avocado''' or '''alligator peir''' an aa refers tae the [[fruit]] ([[Botany|botanically]] a lairge [[berry]] that contains a single seed&lt;ref&gt;California Avocado Society 1973–74 Yearbook 57: 70–71, [http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_57_1973/CAS_1973-74_PG_070-071.pdf What kind of fruit is the avocado?]&lt;/ref&gt;)  o the tree.

Avocados are commercially valuable an are cultivatit in tropical an Mediterranean climates throughoot the warld. Thay hae a green-skinned, fleshy body that mey be peir-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. Commercially, it ripens efter harvestin. Trees are partially [[Self-pollination|self-pollinatin]] an eften are [[Plant propagation|propagatit]] throu [[graftin]] tae maintain a predictable quality an quantity o the fruit.

== Cultivation ==

{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width: 14em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:lightblue;&quot;|Fuid an agricultur
|-
| colspan=3 style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|[[File:Avocado.jpeg|frameless]]
|-
| colspan=3 style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|''Avocado fruit (cv. 'Fuerte'); left: whole, right: in section''
|-
! style=&quot;background:#e9e9e9;&quot;|'''Kintra'''
! style=&quot;background:#e9e9e9;&quot;|'''Quantity ([[Metric ton|Tm]])'''
! style=&quot;background:#e9e9e9;&quot;|Warld Rank&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO&quot;&gt;[[FAO]] (2004) [http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html;jsessionid=1FD7B1AF15B3ADE8D52C26E94FF4B1EE?item=572&amp;lang=en&amp;year=2005 Major Producers of Avocado]&lt;/ref&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot;
| Mexico
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;| 1,040,390
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;| 1
|-
| Indonesie
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|263,575
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|2
|- style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot;
| United States o Americae
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|214,000
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|3
|-
| Colombie
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|185,811
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|4
|- style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot;
| Brazil
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|175,000
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|5
|-
| Chile
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|163,000
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|6
|- style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot;
| Dominican Republic
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|140,000
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|7
|-
| Peru
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|102,000
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|8
|- style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot;
| Cheenae
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|85,000
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|9
|-
| Ethiopie
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|81,500
| style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;|10
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO&quot; /&gt;
|}

The tree graws tae {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}}, wi alternately arranged [[leaf|leaves]] {{convert|12|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|25|cm|in|1}} lang. The [[flouer]]s are inconspicuous, greenish-yellae, {{convert|5|mm|in|1}} – {{convert|10|mm|in|1}} wide. The [[peir]]-shaped fruit is {{convert|7|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|20|cm|in|1}} lang, wechts atween {{convert|100|g|oz}} – {{convert|1000|g|oz}}, an haes a lairge central [[seed]], {{convert|5|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|6.4|cm|in|1}} lang.&lt;ref name=&quot;isbn0-9610184-1-0&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Dowling, Curtis F.; [[Julia Morton|Morton, Julia Frances]] |title=Fruits of warm climates |publisher=J.F. Morton |location=Miami, Fla |year=1987 |isbn=0-9610184-1-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The [[subtropical]] species needs a climate withoot frost an wi little wind. Heich winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flouers, an affect pollination. Whan even a mild frost occurs, prematur fruit drop mey occur, awtho the [[Hass avocado|Hass]] [[cultivar]] can tolerate temperaturs doun tae −1&amp;nbsp;°C. The trees an aa need well-aeratit siles, ideally mair nor 1 m deep. Yield is reduced whan the irrigation watter is heichly [[salinity|saline]]. Thir sile an climate conditions are available anly in a few auries o the warld, pairteecularly in soothren [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Morocco]], [[Crete]], the [[Levant]], [[Sooth Africae]], [[Colombie]], [[Peru]], pairts o central an northren [[Chile]], [[Vietnam]], [[Indonesia]], pairts o soothren [[Indie]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[the Philippines]], [[Malaysie]], [[Central Americae]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Mexico]], [[Californie]], [[Arizona]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]], [[Florida]], [[Hawai'i]], [[Ecuador]] an [[Rwanda]]. Ilk region haes different teeps o cultivars.

== Culinary uses ==
{{nutritional value | name=Avocados, raw
| water=73.23 g
| kJ=670
| protein=2 g
| fat=14.66 g
| satfat=2.13 g
| monofat=9.80 g
| polyfat=1.82 g
| carbs=8.53 g
| fiber=6.7 g
| sugars=0.66 g
| calcium_mg=12
| iron_mg=0.55
| magnesium_mg=29
| phosphorus_mg=52
| potassium_mg=485
| sodium_mg=7
| zinc_mg=0.64
| manganese_mg=0.142
| opt1n=[[Fluoride]]
| opt1v=7 µg
| vitC_mg=10
| thiamin_mg=0.067
| riboflavin_mg=0.13
| niacin_mg=1.738
| pantothenic_mg=1.389
| vitB6_mg=0.257
| folate_ug=81
| vitA_ug=7
| betacarotene_ug=62
| lutein_ug=271
| vitE_mg=2.07
| vitK_ug=21
| source_usda = 1
| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09037&amp;format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
}}

The fruit o horticultural cultivars haes a mercatly heicher [[fat]] content than maist ither fruit, maistly [[monounsaturatit fat|monounsaturated fat]], an as sic serves as an important staple in the diet o various groups whaur access tae ither fatty fuids (heich-fat meats an fish, dairy products, etc.) is limitit.

A ripe avocado yields tae gentle pressur whan held in the palm o the haund an squeezed. The flesh is prone tae [[enzymatic brounin]]; it turns broun quickly efter exposur tae air. Tae prevent this, [[lime (fruit)|lime]] or [[lemon]] juice can be addit tae avocados efter thay are peeled.

[[File:IndonesianFood JusAlpokat.JPG|thumb|left|upright|[[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesian-style]] avocado milkshake wi chocolate syrup]]

The fruit is nae sweet, but rich, an distinctly yet subtly flavored, an o smuith, awmaist creamy textur. It is uised in baith savory an sweet dishes, tho in mony kintras nae for baith. The avocado is verra popular in [[vegetarian cuisine]], as substitute for meats in sandwiches an salads acause o its heich [[fat]] content.

Generally, avocado is served raw, tho some cultivars, includin the common Hass, can be cuiked for a short time withoot acomin bitter. Caution shoud be uised whan cuikin wi untestit cultivars; the flesh o some avocados mey be rendered inedible bi heat. Prolonged cuikin induces this chemical reaction in aw cultivars.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Bates|first1=Robert P.|title=HEAT-INDUCED OFF-FLAVOR IN AVOCADO FLESH|journal=Journal of Food Science|volume=35|page=478|year=1970|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb00962.x|issue=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

It is uised as the base for the [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[dip (fuid)|dip]] kent as [[guacamole]], as well as a spread on [[corn tortillas]] or toast, served wi spices.

In the [[Philippines]], [[Brazil]], [[Indonesie]], [[Vietnam]], an soothren [[Indie]] (especially the coastal [[Kerala]] an [[Karnataka]] region), avocados are frequently uised for milkshakes an occasionally addit tae [[ice cream]] an ither desserts. In [[Brazil]], [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]]&lt;ref name=&quot;zeldes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last = Zeldes|first = Leah A.|authorlink = Leah A. Zeldes|title = Eat this! The ‘Hass’ avocado, black and green and creamy|work = Dining Chicago|publisher = Chicago's Restaurant &amp; Entertainment Guide, Inc.|date = 2010-06-02|url = http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2010/06/02/eat-this-the-hass-avocado-black-and-green-and-creamy/|accessdate = 2010-06-20|archive-date = 2015-09-21|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212023/http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2010/06/02/eat-this-the-hass-avocado-black-and-green-and-creamy/|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an [[Indonesie]], a [[dessert]] drink is made wi sugar, milk or watter, an pureed avocado. [[Chocolate syrup]] is whiles addit. In [[Morocco]], thare is a seemilar chilled avocado an milk drink, that is sweetened wi [[confectioner's sugar]] an hintit wi [[orange flouer watter]].

In [[Ethiopie]], avocados are made intae juice bi mixin them wi succar an milk or watter, uisually served wi [[Vimto]] an a slice o leemon. It is an aa very common tae serve layered multiple fruit juices in a gless (locally cried ''spreece'') made o avocados, mangoes, bananas, guavas an papayas. Avocados are an aa uised tae mak salads.

Avocados in savory dishes, eften seen as exotic, are a relative novelty in [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]-speakin kintras, sic as [[Brazil]], whaur the tradeetional preparation is mashed wi succar an lime, an eaten as a dessert or snack. This contrasts wi Spainyie-speakin kintras, sic as [[Mexico]] or [[Argentinae]], whaur the opposite is true an sweet preparations are eften unheard o.

In [[Australie]] an [[New Zealand]], it is commonly served in sandwiches, sushi, on toast, or wi chicken. In [[Ghana]], it is eften eaten alone in sliced breid as a sandwich. In Sri Lanka, well ripened flesh, thoroughly mashed wi succar an milk, or treacle (a syrup made frae the nectar o a parteecular palm flouer) wis ance a popular dessert. In [[Haiti]] it is eften consumed wi [[cassava]] or regular breid for breakfast.

In Mexico an Central Americae, avocados are served mixed wi white rice, in soups, salads, or on the side o chicken an meat. In Peru, thay are consumed wi ''[[tequeño]]s'' as mayonnaise, served as a side dish wi ''[[Asado|parrillas]]'', uised in salads an sandwiches, or as a whole dish whan filled wi tuna, shrimp, or chicken. In Chile, it is uised as a puree wi chicken, [[hamburger]]s, an [[het dug]]s; an in slices for [[celery]] or [[lettuce]] salads. The Chilean version o [[Caesar salad]] contains lairge slices o matur avocado. In [[Kenyae]] an [[Nigerie]], the avocado is eften eaten as a fruit, an is eaten alone, or mixed wi ether fruits in a fruit salad, or as pairt o a vegetable salad. In Iran, it is uised as a rejuvenatin facial cream.

A puree o the fruit wis uised tae thicken an flavor the liqueur [[Advocaat]] in its oreeginal recipe, made bi the Dutch population o [[Suriname]] an [[Recife]], wi the name derivin frae the same soorce.

Avocado slices are frequently addit tae hamburgers, ''[[tortas]]'', [[het dugs]], an ''[[carne asada]]''. Avocado can be combined wi eggs (in scrambled eggs, tortillas or omelettes), an is a key ingredient in [[Californie roll]]s an ither ''[[makizushi]]'' (&quot;maki&quot;, or rolled [[sushi]]).

In soothren Africae, Avocado Ritz is a common dish.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rainbownation.com/recipes/recipe.asp?type=1&amp;id=1 Recipe for avocado ritz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208025351/http://www.rainbownation.com/recipes/recipe.asp?type=1&amp;id=1 |date=2011-12-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the [[Unitit Kinrick]], the avocado acame widely available in the 1960s whan it wis introduced bi [[Sainsbury's]] unner the name 'avocado peir'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Delgado|first=Martin|title=Sainsbury, M&amp;S ... and the great ad-vocado war|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/food/article-1186938/Avocado-wars-M-S-Sainsburys-battle-introduced-fruit-first.html|newspaper=Daily Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Fremmit airtins==
{{Cuikbeuk}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Avocado Pear}}
{{Commons|Persea americana}}
{{Wiktionary}}
* [http://www.ucavo.ucr.edu/AvocadoVarieties/VarietyFrame.html#Anchor-47857 Definitive illustrated list of avocado varieties]
* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/avocado.html Avocados beyond ''Persea americana''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107033301/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/avocado.html |date=2006-11-07 }}, California Rare Fruit Growers
* [https://wellnessic.blogspot.com/2022/04/benefits-of-eating-an-avocado.html Avocado and its health benefits]

[[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Mexico]]
[[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Sooth Americae]]
[[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae the Americaes]]
[[Category:Hawaiian cuisine]]
[[Category:Persea]]
[[Category:Puerto Rican ingredients]]
[[Category:Trees o Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Trees o Guatemala]]
[[Category:Trees o Honduras]]
[[Category:Trees o Jamaica]]
[[Category:Trees o Mexico]]
[[Category:Trees o Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Tropical agricultur]]
[[Category:Tropical fruit]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Agra</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>868953</id>
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        <ip>103.249.77.193</ip>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6280" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, Indie|its namesake destrict|Agra destrict}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Agra [https://www.aligarhup81.com/ Aligarh]
| native_name             = आगरा
| native_name_lang        = آگرہ
| other_name              =
| settlement_type         = Metropolitan Ceety
| image_skyline           = Taj Mahal 2012.jpg
| image_alt               = The Taj Mahal in Agra
| image_caption           = The [[Taj Mahal]] in Agra
| nickname                = Akbarabad
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|27|11|24|N|78|00|36|E|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Indie}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[States an union territories o Indie|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leet o districts o Indie|Destrict]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Agra destrict|Agra]]
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| government_type         = 
| governing_body          = 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_total_km2          = 1880.40
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 171
| population_total        = 1,746,467 &lt;ref&gt;http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_rank         = 23
| population_density_km2  = 8,954
| population_metro        = 17,27,275
| population_metro_footnotes = 
| population_demonym      = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| demographics_type1      = Leids
| demographics1_title1    = Offeecial
| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1               = [[Indie Staundart Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code             = 282 X
| area_code_type          = Telephone code
| area_code               = 91(562)
| registration_plate      = 
| website                 = {{URL|agra.nic.in}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Agra''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Agra.ogg|ˈ|ɑː|ɡ|r|ə}}; {{lang-hi|आगरा}} ''Āgrā'', {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|'''آگره'''}}}}), the umwhile caipital o [[Hindustan]], is a ceety on the banks o the [[Yamuna|river Yamuna]] in the northren [[States an territories o Indie|state]] o [[Uttar Pradesh]], Indie. It is {{convert|363|km|mi|0}} wast o the state caipital, [[Lucknow]], an {{convert|200|km|mi|0}} sooth o the naitional caipital New Delhi.  Wi a population o 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is ane o the maist populous ceeties in [[Uttar Pradesh]] an the 19t maist populous in [[Indie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WorldGazetteerCities&quot;&gt;World Gazetteer online [https://web.archive.org/web/20061117081029/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-104&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;pt=c&amp;va=&amp;srt=pnan India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population]&quot;. Accessed 25 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Agra can refer tae the [[Agra destrict|admeenistrative destrict]] an aw that haes its heidquairters in Agra ceety.

The ceety is mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata|Mahābhārata]], whaur it wis cried ''Agrevaṇa'' (&quot;the border o the forest&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de |title=Sanskrit-English Dictionary |accessdate=2009-11-08 |last=Williams |first=Monier |work=Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries |publisher=Cologne University }}&lt;/ref&gt; Legend ascribes the foondin o the ceety tae [[Raja Badal Singh]], a Sikarwar Rajput king (c. 1475), whose fort, [[Badalgarh]], stuid on or near the steid o the present fort. Housomeivver, the 11t century Persie poet [[Masud Sa'd Salman|Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān]] writes o a desperate assault on the fortress o Agra, then held bi the [[Shahi|Shāhī]] King [[Jayapala]], bi Sultan [[Mahmud o Ghazni]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agra.nic.in/hist.htm |title=Agra District profile|accessdate=2009-11-08|publisher=Official Website of Agra maintained by National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Government of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sultan [[Sikandar Lodi|Sikandar Lodī]] wis the first tae muive his caipital frae [[Delhi]] tae Agra in 1506. He dee'd in 1517 an his son, [[Ibrahim Lodi|Ibrāhīm Lodī]], remained in pouer thare for nine mair years, feenally bein defeatit at the [[Battle o Panipat (1526)|Battle o Panipat]] in 1526.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp |title=Agra Fort |accessdate=2009-11-08 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203060952/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp |archivedate=2009-12-03 |deadurl=no |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203060952/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp |date=2009-12-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atween 1540 an 1556, Afghans, beginnin wi [[Sher Shah Suri]], an Hindu King [[Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]] (cried [[Hemu]] an aw), ruled the aurie. It achievit fame as the caipital o the [[Mughal Empire]] frae 1556 tae 1658. It is a major tourist destination acause o its mony splendid Mughal-era biggins, maist notably the [[Taj Mahal|Tāj Mahal]], [[Agra Fort]] an [[Fatehpur Sikri|Fatehpūr Sikrī]], aw three o which are [[UNESCO]] [[Warld Heritage Steids]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links |wikt=no |commons= |b= |n= |q=no |s= |v=no |voy= |species=no |d=no}}* [http://agra.nic.in/ Official website of Agra]
* [http://www.myagracity.com/ Agra Ceety portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604042413/http://myagracity.com/ |date=2013-06-04 }}
* [http://www.agraedu.com/ Agra Education]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.agranews.com/ Agra News]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Uttar_Pradesh/Districts/Agra}}

&lt;!--start of Navigation boxes--&gt;

[[Category:Agra]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Agra destrict]]
[[Category:Umwhile Indie caipital ceeties]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1504]]
[[Category:Tourism in Uttar Pradesh]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868954</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-22T11:07:23Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Victor Trevor</username>
        <id>86593</id>
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      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/103.249.77.193|103.249.77.193]] ([[User talk:103.249.77.193|talk]]): Spam link reverted [[metawiki:User:Xiplus/TwinkleGlobal|(TwinkleGlobal)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6241" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, Indie|its namesake destrict|Agra destrict}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Agra
| native_name             = आगरा
| native_name_lang        = آگرہ
| other_name              =
| settlement_type         = Metropolitan Ceety
| image_skyline           = Taj Mahal 2012.jpg
| image_alt               = The Taj Mahal in Agra
| image_caption           = The [[Taj Mahal]] in Agra
| nickname                = Akbarabad
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position  = left
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|27|11|24|N|78|00|36|E|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Indie}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[States an union territories o Indie|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leet o districts o Indie|Destrict]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Agra destrict|Agra]]
| established_title       = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| government_type         = 
| governing_body          = 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_total_km2          = 1880.40
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 171
| population_total        = 1,746,467 &lt;ref&gt;http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_rank         = 23
| population_density_km2  = 8,954
| population_metro        = 17,27,275
| population_metro_footnotes = 
| population_demonym      = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| demographics_type1      = Leids
| demographics1_title1    = Offeecial
| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1               = [[Indie Staundart Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code             = 282 X
| area_code_type          = Telephone code
| area_code               = 91(562)
| registration_plate      = 
| website                 = {{URL|agra.nic.in}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Agra''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Agra.ogg|ˈ|ɑː|ɡ|r|ə}}; {{lang-hi|आगरा}} ''Āgrā'', {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|'''آگره'''}}}}), the umwhile caipital o [[Hindustan]], is a ceety on the banks o the [[Yamuna|river Yamuna]] in the northren [[States an territories o Indie|state]] o [[Uttar Pradesh]], Indie. It is {{convert|363|km|mi|0}} wast o the state caipital, [[Lucknow]], an {{convert|200|km|mi|0}} sooth o the naitional caipital New Delhi.  Wi a population o 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is ane o the maist populous ceeties in [[Uttar Pradesh]] an the 19t maist populous in [[Indie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WorldGazetteerCities&quot;&gt;World Gazetteer online [https://web.archive.org/web/20061117081029/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-104&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;pt=c&amp;va=&amp;srt=pnan India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population]&quot;. Accessed 25 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Agra can refer tae the [[Agra destrict|admeenistrative destrict]] an aw that haes its heidquairters in Agra ceety.

The ceety is mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata|Mahābhārata]], whaur it wis cried ''Agrevaṇa'' (&quot;the border o the forest&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de |title=Sanskrit-English Dictionary |accessdate=2009-11-08 |last=Williams |first=Monier |work=Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries |publisher=Cologne University }}&lt;/ref&gt; Legend ascribes the foondin o the ceety tae [[Raja Badal Singh]], a Sikarwar Rajput king (c. 1475), whose fort, [[Badalgarh]], stuid on or near the steid o the present fort. Housomeivver, the 11t century Persie poet [[Masud Sa'd Salman|Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān]] writes o a desperate assault on the fortress o Agra, then held bi the [[Shahi|Shāhī]] King [[Jayapala]], bi Sultan [[Mahmud o Ghazni]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agra.nic.in/hist.htm |title=Agra District profile|accessdate=2009-11-08|publisher=Official Website of Agra maintained by National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Government of India }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sultan [[Sikandar Lodi|Sikandar Lodī]] wis the first tae muive his caipital frae [[Delhi]] tae Agra in 1506. He dee'd in 1517 an his son, [[Ibrahim Lodi|Ibrāhīm Lodī]], remained in pouer thare for nine mair years, feenally bein defeatit at the [[Battle o Panipat (1526)|Battle o Panipat]] in 1526.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp |title=Agra Fort |accessdate=2009-11-08 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203060952/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp |archivedate=2009-12-03 |deadurl=no |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203060952/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp |date=2009-12-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Atween 1540 an 1556, Afghans, beginnin wi [[Sher Shah Suri]], an Hindu King [[Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]] (cried [[Hemu]] an aw), ruled the aurie. It achievit fame as the caipital o the [[Mughal Empire]] frae 1556 tae 1658. It is a major tourist destination acause o its mony splendid Mughal-era biggins, maist notably the [[Taj Mahal|Tāj Mahal]], [[Agra Fort]] an [[Fatehpur Sikri|Fatehpūr Sikrī]], aw three o which are [[UNESCO]] [[Warld Heritage Steids]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Sister project links |wikt=no |commons= |b= |n= |q=no |s= |v=no |voy= |species=no |d=no}}* [http://agra.nic.in/ Official website of Agra]
* [http://www.myagracity.com/ Agra Ceety portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604042413/http://myagracity.com/ |date=2013-06-04 }}
* [http://www.agraedu.com/ Agra Education]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.agranews.com/ Agra News]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Uttar_Pradesh/Districts/Agra}}

&lt;!--start of Navigation boxes--&gt;

[[Category:Agra]]
[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Agra destrict]]
[[Category:Umwhile Indie caipital ceeties]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1504]]
[[Category:Tourism in Uttar Pradesh]]</text>
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&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Skara Brae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69512</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868896</id>
      <parentid>868683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:29:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ref, reflist, fremit airtins</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1891" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots}}
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS         = Heart o Neolithic Orkney
| Image       = [[File:Skara Brae 12.jpg|180px|Skara Brae, leukin north]]
| State Party = Scotland
| Type        = Cultural
| Criteria    = i, ii, iii, iv
| ID          = 514
| Region      = [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Europe|Europe an North Americae]]
| Year        = 1999
| Session     = 23rd
| Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/514
}}
'''Skara Brae''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|æ|r|ə|_|ˈ|b|r|eɪ}} is a stane-biggit [[Neolithic]] sattlement, locatit on the [[Bay o Skaill]] on the wast coast o [[Mainland, Orkney|Mainland]], the lairgest island in the [[Orkney]] airchipelago o [[Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Skara Brae from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1186.html|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{coord|59|02|55|N|3|20|35|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:4t-millennium BC airchitectur in Scotland]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 4t millennium BC]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Orkney]]
[[Category:Prehistoric Orkney]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Orkney]]
[[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Stane Age steids in Scotland]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Scotland]]
[[Category:Neolithic settlements]]
[[Category:Megalithic monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Umwhile populatit places in Scotland]]
[[Category:Historic Scotland properties in Orkney]]
[[Category:Museums in Orkney]]
[[Category:Airchaeological museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:History museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:Neolithic Scotland]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Orkney}}
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fremit airtins ==

* [https://canmore.org.uk/site/1663/skara-brae Skara Brae - Canmore]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868898</id>
      <parentid>868896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:30:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:4t-millennium BC airchitectur in Scotland]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1836" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots}}
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS         = Heart o Neolithic Orkney
| Image       = [[File:Skara Brae 12.jpg|180px|Skara Brae, leukin north]]
| State Party = Scotland
| Type        = Cultural
| Criteria    = i, ii, iii, iv
| ID          = 514
| Region      = [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Europe|Europe an North Americae]]
| Year        = 1999
| Session     = 23rd
| Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/514
}}
'''Skara Brae''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|æ|r|ə|_|ˈ|b|r|eɪ}} is a stane-biggit [[Neolithic]] sattlement, locatit on the [[Bay o Skaill]] on the wast coast o [[Mainland, Orkney|Mainland]], the lairgest island in the [[Orkney]] airchipelago o [[Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Skara Brae from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1186.html|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{coord|59|02|55|N|3|20|35|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Populatit places established in the 4t millennium BC]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Orkney]]
[[Category:Prehistoric Orkney]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Orkney]]
[[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Stane Age steids in Scotland]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Scotland]]
[[Category:Neolithic settlements]]
[[Category:Megalithic monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Umwhile populatit places in Scotland]]
[[Category:Historic Scotland properties in Orkney]]
[[Category:Museums in Orkney]]
[[Category:Airchaeological museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:History museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:Neolithic Scotland]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Orkney}}
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fremit airtins ==

* [https://canmore.org.uk/site/1663/skara-brae Skara Brae - Canmore]</text>
      <sha1>m0r9t6x8305ullmm6w639y6gg30ovkm</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>868899</id>
      <parentid>868898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Biggins an structurs in Orkney]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1792" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots}}
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS         = Heart o Neolithic Orkney
| Image       = [[File:Skara Brae 12.jpg|180px|Skara Brae, leukin north]]
| State Party = Scotland
| Type        = Cultural
| Criteria    = i, ii, iii, iv
| ID          = 514
| Region      = [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Europe|Europe an North Americae]]
| Year        = 1999
| Session     = 23rd
| Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/514
}}
'''Skara Brae''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|æ|r|ə|_|ˈ|b|r|eɪ}} is a stane-biggit [[Neolithic]] sattlement, locatit on the [[Bay o Skaill]] on the wast coast o [[Mainland, Orkney|Mainland]], the lairgest island in the [[Orkney]] airchipelago o [[Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Skara Brae from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1186.html|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{coord|59|02|55|N|3|20|35|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Populatit places established in the 4t millennium BC]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Orkney]]
[[Category:Prehistoric Orkney]]
[[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Stane Age steids in Scotland]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Scotland]]
[[Category:Neolithic settlements]]
[[Category:Megalithic monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Umwhile populatit places in Scotland]]
[[Category:Historic Scotland properties in Orkney]]
[[Category:Museums in Orkney]]
[[Category:Airchaeological museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:History museums in Scotland]]
[[Category:Neolithic Scotland]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Orkney}}
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fremit airtins ==

* [https://canmore.org.uk/site/1663/skara-brae Skara Brae - Canmore]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leetit biggin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71015</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868910</id>
      <parentid>864107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:10:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added references and a list</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1278" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}

A '''[[leetit biggin]]''', in the [[Unitit Kinrick]], is a biggin that haes been placed on the '''Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest''' in Ingland&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Search the List - Find listed buildings, monuments, battlefields and more {{!}} Historic England|url=http://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/|access-date=2022-07-21|website=historicengland.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Scotland&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/|access-date=2022-07-21|website=portal.historicenvironment.scot}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Wales&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Search Cadw records {{!}} Cadw|url=https://cadw.gov.wales/advice-support/cof-cymru/search-cadw-records|access-date=2022-07-21|website=cadw.gov.wales}}&lt;/ref&gt;, or Norlin Airlan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Buildingss{{!}} nidirect|url=https://apps.communities-ni.gov.uk/Buildings/buildMain.aspx?Accept|access-date=2022-07-21|website=apps.communities-ni.gov.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referances leet ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leetit Biggin}}
[[Category:Airchaeology o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Breetish airchitectur]]
[[Category:Leetit biggins in the Unitit Kinrick| ]]
[[Category:Toun an kintra plannin in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Inglis Heritage]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lithgae Pailace</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>72236</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868918</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:21:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
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      <comment>ref, reflist, coords, infobox</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2367" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox historic site
| name = Lithgae Pailace
| image = Linlithgow Reflection.jpg
| caption = Lithgae Pailace
| locmapin = 
| map_caption = 
| coordinates = {{coord|55|58|42.6|N|3|36|4.0|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Wast Lowden]], [[Scotland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]
| area =
| built = 
| demolished =
| rebuilt = 
| architect = 
| architecture = 
}}
[[File:Am linlithgow palace south.jpg|thumb|The sooth face o Lithgae Palace]]
[[File:Linlithgow Reflection.jpg|thumb|Lithgae Palace]]
The ruins o '''Lithgae Palace''' are situatit in the toun o [[Lithgae]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland, {{convert|15|mi}} wast o [[Edinburgh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linlithgow, Linlithgow Palace {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/49261/linlithgow-linlithgow-palace|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The pailace wis ane o the principal residences o the monarchs o [[Kinrick o Scotland|Scotland]] in the 15t an 16t centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=History and research|url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/linlithgow-palace/history/|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.historicenvironment.scot|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awtho mainteened efter Scotland's monarchs left for Ingland in 1603, the pailace wis little uised, an wis birned oot in 1746.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It is nou a veesitor attraction in the care o [[Historic Environment Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linlithgow Palace from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst98.html|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{coord|55|58|42.6|N|3|36|4.0|W|type:landmark|display=title}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:1420s airchitectur]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Leetit pailaces in Scotland]]
[[Category:Castles in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Ryal residences in Scotland]]
[[Category:Ruins in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:William Wallace biggins]]
[[Category:Historic hoose museums in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Kintra hooses in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Reportitly hauntit locations in Scotland]]
[[Category:Scots pairlamentar locations an biggins]]
[[Category:Renaissance airchitectur in Scotland]]
[[Category:Lithgae]]
[[Category:Ruint pailaces]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868920</id>
      <parentid>868918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:22:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>reflist, refs, infobox</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2306" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox historic site
| name = Lithgae Pailace
| image = Linlithgow Reflection.jpg
| caption = Lithgae Pailace
| locmapin = 
| map_caption = 
| coordinates = {{coord|55|58|42.6|N|3|36|4.0|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Wast Lowden]], [[Scotland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]
| area =
| built = 
| demolished =
| rebuilt = 
| architect = 
| architecture = 
}}
[[File:Am linlithgow palace south.jpg|thumb|The sooth face o Lithgae Palace]]
[[File:Linlithgow Reflection.jpg|thumb|Lithgae Palace]]
The ruins o '''Lithgae Palace''' are situatit in the toun o [[Lithgae]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland, {{convert|15|mi}} wast o [[Edinburgh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linlithgow, Linlithgow Palace {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/49261/linlithgow-linlithgow-palace|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The pailace wis ane o the principal residences o the monarchs o [[Kinrick o Scotland|Scotland]] in the 15t an 16t centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=History and research|url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/linlithgow-palace/history/|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.historicenvironment.scot|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awtho mainteened efter Scotland's monarchs left for Ingland in 1603, the pailace wis little uised, an wis birned oot in 1746.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It is nou a veesitor attraction in the care o [[Historic Environment Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linlithgow Palace from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst98.html|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:1420s airchitectur]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Leetit pailaces in Scotland]]
[[Category:Castles in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Ryal residences in Scotland]]
[[Category:Ruins in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:William Wallace biggins]]
[[Category:Historic hoose museums in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Kintra hooses in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Reportitly hauntit locations in Scotland]]
[[Category:Scots pairlamentar locations an biggins]]
[[Category:Renaissance airchitectur in Scotland]]
[[Category:Lithgae]]
[[Category:Ruint pailaces]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868921</id>
      <parentid>868920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:23:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>(en) duplicate image</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2250" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox historic site
| name = Lithgae Pailace
| image = Linlithgow Reflection.jpg
| caption = Lithgae Pailace
| locmapin = 
| map_caption = 
| coordinates = {{coord|55|58|42.6|N|3|36|4.0|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Wast Lowden]], [[Scotland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]
| area =
| built = 
| demolished =
| rebuilt = 
| architect = 
| architecture = 
}}
[[File:Am linlithgow palace south.jpg|thumb|The sooth face o Lithgae Palace]]
The ruins o '''Lithgae Palace''' are situatit in the toun o [[Lithgae]], [[Wast Lowden]], Scotland, {{convert|15|mi}} wast o [[Edinburgh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linlithgow, Linlithgow Palace {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/49261/linlithgow-linlithgow-palace|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The pailace wis ane o the principal residences o the monarchs o [[Kinrick o Scotland|Scotland]] in the 15t an 16t centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=History and research|url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/linlithgow-palace/history/|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.historicenvironment.scot|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awtho mainteened efter Scotland's monarchs left for Ingland in 1603, the pailace wis little uised, an wis birned oot in 1746.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; It is nou a veesitor attraction in the care o [[Historic Environment Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Linlithgow Palace from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst98.html|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:1420s airchitectur]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Leetit pailaces in Scotland]]
[[Category:Castles in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Ryal residences in Scotland]]
[[Category:Ruins in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:William Wallace biggins]]
[[Category:Historic hoose museums in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Kintra hooses in Wast Lowden]]
[[Category:Reportitly hauntit locations in Scotland]]
[[Category:Scots pairlamentar locations an biggins]]
[[Category:Renaissance airchitectur in Scotland]]
[[Category:Lithgae]]
[[Category:Ruint pailaces]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Scuin Palace</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>72237</id>
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      <id>868901</id>
      <parentid>798031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:43:52Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1517" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox historic site
| name = Scuin Palace
| image = Scone Palace.jpg
| caption = Wastern facade
| locmapin = 
| map_caption = 
| coordinates = {{coord|56|25|22|N|03|26|18|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], [[Perth an Kinross]], [[Scotland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]
| area =
| built = 12t century
| demolished =
| rebuilt = 1802-1812
| architect = [[William Atkinson (architect)|William Atkinson]]
| architecture = [[Gothic Revival architectur|Gothic Revival]]
}}
'''Scuin Palace''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|uː|n}} is a category A-[[Leetit biggin|leetit]] Historic hoose at [[Scuin]], [[Perthshire]], Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scone Palace {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/28190/scone-palace|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Scone Palace engraving by William Miller after W Brown.jpg|alt=|Scone Palace, William Miller
File:CS p1.170 - Scone Palace, Perthshire - Morris's County Seats, 1867.jpg|alt=|Scone Palace, Morris's Country Seats
File:Peach house at scone palace.jpg|alt=|Peach house at scone palace
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Hooses completit in 1808]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Perth an Kinross]]
[[Category:Leetit pailaces in Scotland]]
[[Category:Kintra hooses in Perth an Kinross]]
[[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]]
[[Category:Gairdens in Perth an Kinross]]
[[Category:Historic hoose museums in Perth an Kinross]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nicolas Anelka</title>
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        <id>79721</id>
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      <text bytes="10664" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
| name = Nicolas Anelka
| image = Nicolas Anelka 4720.jpg
| caption = Anelka playin for [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in 2010
| fullname = Nicolas Sébastien Anelka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010 – List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=5 June 2013|format=PDF|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|3|14|df=y}}&lt;ref name=&quot;PFA 25&quot;&gt;{{cite book| last = Hugman| first = Barry J.| title = The PFA Premier &amp; Football League Players' Records 1946–2005| publisher=Queen Anne Press| year = 2005| page = 25| isbn = 1-85291-665-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place = [[Le Chesnay]], Fraunce 
| height = {{convert|1.85|m|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Player Profiles|url=http://www.wba.co.uk/team/player-profile/index.aspx?playerid=31888&amp;tcmuri=896199|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225070147/http://www.wba.co.uk/team/player-profile/index.aspx?playerid=31888&amp;tcmuri=896199|archivedate=2013-12-25|publisher=[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.]]|access-date=2014-09-03|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225070147/http://www.wba.co.uk/team/player-profile/index.aspx?playerid=31888&amp;tcmuri=896199 |date=2013-12-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| position = [[Forrit (association football)#Striker|Striker]]
| currentclub = [[Free agent]]
| youthyears1 = 1983–1993 |youthclubs1 = Trappes Saint-Quentin
| youthyears2 = 1993–1995 |youthclubs2 = [[Clairefontaine]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.fff.fr/presentationfff/actualite/418646.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114014916/http://www.fff.fr/presentationfff/actualite/418646.shtml|archivedate=2012-11-14|title=INF, formateur de talents|accessdate=21 July 2009|publisher=FFF|language=French|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| youthyears3 = 1995–1996 |youthclubs3 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]
|  years1  = 1996–1997 |clubs1  = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]  | caps1  = 10  | goals1  = 1
|  years2  = 1997–1999 |clubs2  = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]                          | caps2  = 65  | goals2  = 23
|  years3  = 1999–2000 |clubs3  = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]                  | caps3  = 19  | goals3  = 2
|  years4  = 2000–2002 |clubs4  = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]  | caps4  = 39  | goals4  = 10
|  years5  = 2001–2002 |clubs5  = → [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]  (loan)            | caps5  = 20  | goals5  = 4
|  years6  = 2002–2005 |clubs6  = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]          | caps6  = 89  | goals6  = 37
|  years7  = 2005–2006 |clubs7  = [[Fenerbahçe S.K. (football team)|Fenerbahçe]]    | caps7  = 39  | goals7  = 14
|  years8  = 2006–2008 |clubs8  = [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]        | caps8  = 53  | goals8  = 21
|  years9  = 2008–2012 |clubs9  = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]                          | caps9  = 125 | goals9  = 38
|  years10 = 2012–2013 |clubs10 = [[Shanghai Shenhua]]                              | caps10 = 22  | goals10 = 3
|  years11 = 2013      |clubs11 = → [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] (lend)               | caps11 = 2   | goals11 = 0&lt;!-- DO ''not'' REMOVE THE FACT THIS WAS A LOAN SPELL --&gt;
|  years12 = 2013–2014 |clubs12 = [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]| caps12 = 12  | goals12 = 2
|  years13 = 2014–2015 |clubs13 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]                    | caps13 = 13  | goals13 = 2
|  totalcaps = 508
|  totalgoals = 157
| nationalyears1 = 1997 |nationalteam1 = [[France national under-20 football team|France U20]] |nationalcaps1= 3 |nationalgoals1= 0
| nationalyears2 = 1998–2010 |nationalteam2 = [[France national football team|France]]    |nationalcaps2 = 69 |nationalgoals2 = 14
| manageryears1 = 2012| managerclubs1 = [[Shanghai Shenhua F.C.|Shanghai Shenhua]] (player-coach)| manageryears2 = 2015| managerclubs2 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (player-manager)
| club-update = 5 November 2014}}

'''Nicolas Sébastien Anelka''' ({{IPA-fr|ni.kɔ.la a.nɛl.ka}}; born 14 Mairch 1979) is a French umwhile [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. Prior tae his reteerment frae internaitional fitbaw, Anelka wis a regular member o the [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|French naitional team]] an aw. Umwhile Chelsea manager [[Carlo Ancelotti]] haes describit him as a quick player wi guid aerial ability, technique, shuitin, an muivement aff the baw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.chelseafc.com/news-article/article/1842159 | title = Ancelotti: Anelka has it all | publisher = Chelsea FC | date = 31 October 2009 | access-date = 2014-09-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-24 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140524195611/http://www.chelseafc.com/news-article/article/1842159 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Personal life==
Anelka wis born in 1979 in [[Le Chesnay]], [[Yvelines]], tae parents who haed migratit frae [[Martinique]] in 1974. Thareefter thay settled in [[Trappes]], near Paris. His mither is a secretar in the local heich schuil.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/sports/26iht-soccer.3674386.html &quot;Nicolas Anelka haunts old coach as Bolton beats Arsenal&quot;]. [[The New York Times]]. 26 November 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://fourfourtwo.com/interviews/one-on-one/156/article.aspx &quot;One-on-One with Nicolas Anelka&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828002324/http://fourfourtwo.com/interviews/one-on-one/156/article.aspx |date=2008-08-28 }}. [[FourFourTwo]] Retrieved 8 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lepoint.fr&quot;&gt;[http://www.lepoint.fr/archives/article.php/81309 &quot;Nicolas Anelka: de Trappes à Wembley&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130213165632/http://www.lepoint.fr/archives/article.php/81309 |date=2013-02-13 }} (in French). [[Le Point]]. 20 February 1999.&lt;/ref&gt;

Anelka is marriet tae [[Barbara Tausia]], a Belgian choreographer. Thegither, thay hae twa sons, Kais born in 2008 an Kahil born in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/may/20/championsleague.chelsea3?2010. Chelsea: The players] ''[[The Guardian]]'', 20 May 2008; Retrieved 10 February 2009&lt;/ref&gt; He actit in the 2002 film ''[[Le Boulet]]'' as a fitbawer namit Nicolas. He haes stated that, whan he retires frae fitbaw, he wad lik tae wirk in the film industry acause he haes a friend in the business.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/oct/24/theknowledge.sport | work=The Guardian | title=Has a journalist ever won an international cap? | first=Tom | last=Bryant | date=24 October 2007| accessdate=20 May 2010 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Anelka haes twa brithers, [[Claude Anelka|Claude]] an Didier.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/nov/30/chelsea-arsenal-premier-league The £85m man lights Blue touchpaper] ''The Observer'', 30 November 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category}}
* {{soccerbase|id=10409|name=Nicolas Anelka}}
* {{FIFA player|170710}}
* {{UEFA player|27578}}
* [http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/nicolas-anelka Premier League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214061109/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/nicolas-anelka |date=2014-02-14 }}
* [http://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/85-nicolas-anelka ANELKA Nicolas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408211844/http://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/85-nicolas-anelka |date=2014-04-08 }} Fédération Française de Football (FFF) {{fr icon}}

{{Navboxes colour
|bg=gold
|fg=navy
|bordercolor=navy
|title= Awards
|list1=
{{Premier League topscorers}}
{{PFA Young Player of the Year}}
{{1998–99 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}}
{{2008–09 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}}
}}
{{Navboxes colour
|title= France squads
|bg= #002395
|fg= white
|bordercolor= #ED2939
|list1=
{{France squad UEFA Euro 2000}}
{{France squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup}}
{{France squad UEFA Euro 2008}}
{{France squad 2010 FIFA Warld Cup}}
}}
&lt;!--DO NOT add the category French Muslims: Per Wikipedia:BLP#Categories (point 2) an an aa read the player's desire tae keep this aspect o his life personal (See http://fourfourtwo.com/interviews/one-on-one/156/article.aspx)--&gt;

{{Persondata
|NAME              = Anelka, Nicolas
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Anelka, Nicolas Sébastien
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Footballer
|DATE OF BIRTH     = 14 March 1979
|PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], France
|DATE OF DEATH     =
|PLACE OF DEATH    =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anelka, Nicolas}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Le Chesnay]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]]
[[Category:French fitbawers]]
[[Category:Fraunce youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Fraunce internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:INF Clairefontaine players]]
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]
[[Category:Arsenal F.C. players]]
[[Category:Real Madrid CF players]]
[[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]]
[[Category:Manchester City F.C. players]]
[[Category:Fenerbahçe fitbawers]]
[[Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. players]]
[[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]]
[[Category:Shanghai Shenhua F.C. players]]
[[Category:Juventus F.C. players]]
[[Category:West Bromwich Albion F.C. players]]
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Süper Lig players]]
[[Category:Serie A players]]
[[Category:First Division/Premier League tap scorers]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]]
[[Category:2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players]]
[[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]]
[[Category:UEFA European Championship-winnin players]]
[[Category:FIFA Confederations Cup-winnin players]]
[[Category:French expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:French expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:French expatriates in Spain]]
[[Category:French expatriates in Turkey]]
[[Category:French expatriates in Cheenae]]
[[Category:French expatriates in Italy]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Turkey]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Cheenae]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Italy]]
[[Category:French fowk o Martiniquais strynd]]
[[Category:Converts tae Islam]]
[[Category:French Muslims]]
[[Category:Mumbai City FC players]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Broch o Clickimin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>125242</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:40:19Z</timestamp>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1299" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|60.149289|-1.165543|display=title}}
{{Infobox ancient site
  |name = Broch o Clickimin
  |native_name = 
  |alternate_name = 
  |image = Clickimin Broch 20080820 04.jpg
  |imagealttext = 
  |caption = Broch o Clickimin
  |map_type = Scotland Shetland
  |location = [[Mainland, Shetland]]
  |coordinates = {{coord|60.149289|-1.165543|display=inline}}
  |type = [[Broch]]
  |epochs = [[Breetish Airn Age|Airn Age]]
  |ownership = [[Historic Scotland]]
}}
The '''Broch o Clickimin''' (forby kent as '''Clickimin Broch''') is a lairge an weel preserved, though less or mair restored [[broch]] in [[Lerook]] in [[Shetland]], Scotland ({{gbmapping|HU46434082}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lerwick, South Road, Clickimin {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/1049/lerwick-south-road-clickimin|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fremit airtins ==

* [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/clickimin-broch/ Clickimin Broch - HES]

[[Category:Scheduled Auncient Monuments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Brochs|Clickimin]]
[[Category:History o Shetland]]
[[Category:Heestoric Scotland properties in Shetland]]
[[Category:Airchaeological steids in Shetland]]
[[Category:Umwhile islands o Scotland]]
[[Category:Lerook]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Croun o Aragon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6524" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox former country
|native_name            =   {{lang|an|''Corona d'Aragón''}} {{an icon}}&lt;br&gt;{{lang|ca|''Corona d'Aragó}}'' {{ca icon}}&lt;br&gt;''Corona Aragonum'' {{la icon}}&lt;br&gt;''Corona de Aragón'' {{es icon}}
|conventional_long_name = Croun o Aragon
|common_name            =
|continent              = Europe
|region                 = Soothren Europe
|country                = Paorts o modren Spain, Fraunce, Italy, Greece
|era                    = [[Early modren period]]
|status                 = State union
|status_text            = [[Composite monarchy]],&lt;ref name=&quot;composedmonarchy&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rfA_5X831MMC&amp;lpg=PA214 Pablo Fernández Albaladejo (2001). ''Los Borbones: dinastía y memoria de nación en la España del siglo XVIII...''], Marcial Pons Historia.&lt;/ref&gt; [[confederation]] o kinricks,&lt;ref name=&quot;Buffery&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ssQhIHb-gx8C&amp;pg=PA45 Historical Dictionary of the Catalans.Buffery-Marcer.2011] The Crown of Aragon was a confederation of kingdoms&lt;/ref&gt; or individual polities ruled bi ane keeng&lt;ref name=&quot;captives&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=0PKHeWMk7IcC&amp;pg=PR12 Captives and Their Saviors in the Medieval Crown of Aragon. Rodriguez.2007] The Crown of Aragon was a confederation of individual polities ruled by one king, the king of Aragon&lt;/ref&gt;
|empire                 = &lt;!--- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency ---&gt;
|government_type        = [[Composite monarchy]]
&lt;!--- Rise and fall, events, years and dates ---&gt;
|leader1                = [[Petronilla o Aragon|Petronilla]] &lt;small&gt;(first)&lt;/small&gt;
|year_leader1           = 1162-1164
|leader2                = [[Ferdinand II o Aragon|Ferdinand II]] 
|year_leader2           = 1479-1516
|leader3                = [[Charles VI, Haly Roman Emperor|Charles III]] &lt;small&gt;(last)&lt;/small&gt;
|year_leader3           = 1700-1716
|title_leader           =  [[Leet o Aragonese monarchs|Monarch]]
|year_start             = 1162
|year_end               = 1716
|year_exile_start       = &lt;!--- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government – status=&quot;Exile&quot;) ---&gt;
|year_exile_end         = &lt;!--- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) ---&gt;
|event_start            = Union o the Kinrick o Aragon an the Coonty o Barcelona
|date_start             = &lt;!--- Optional: Date of establishment, enter dates in this format 1 January 1801---&gt;
|event_end              = [[Nueva Planta decrees]]
|date_end               =
|event1                 = [[Conquest o Majorca|Conquest o the Kinrick o Majorca]]
|date_event1            = 1231
|event2                 = Conquest o the [[Kinrick o Valencie]]
|date_event2            = 1238–1245
|event3                 = [[Aragonese conquest o Sardinie|Conquest o the Kinrick o Sardinie]]
|date_event3            = 1324-1420
|event4                 = [[Italian War o 1499–1504|Conquest o the Kinrick o Naples]]
|date_event4            = 1501-1504
&lt;!--- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 ---&gt;
|p1                     = Kinrick o Aragon
|flag_p1                =
|p2                     = Coonty o Barcelona
|flag_p2                =
|s1                     = Enlichtenment Spain
|flag_s1                = Bandera de España 1701-1760.svg
|s2                     = Kinrick o Sicily unner Savoy
|flag_s2                = Flag of Savoie.svg
|s3                     = Habsburg Monarchy
|flag_s3                = Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
|s4                     =
|image_flag             = Royal Banner of Aragón.svg
|flag_border            = no
|flag_type              = Staundart
|flag                   = Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon
|image_coat             = Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg
|symbol_type            = Coat o airms
|symbol                 = Coat o airms o the Croun o Aragon
|image_map              = Mapa de la Corona de Aragón.svg
|image_map_caption      = Territories subject tae the Croun o Aragon at varyin times 
|common_languages       = Offeecial leids:&lt;br /&gt;[[Aragonese leid|Aragonese]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan/Valencian]], [[Laiin leid|Laitin]]&lt;br /&gt;Minority leids:&lt;br /&gt;[[Andalusian Arabic|Arabic]], [[Occitan leid#Occitan in Spain|Occitan]], [[Sardinian leid|Sardinian]], [[Neapolitan leid|Neapolitan]], [[Sicilian leid|Sicilian]], [[Basque leid|Basque]], [[Greek leid|Greek]], [[Maltese leid|Maltese]], [[Spainyie leid|Castilian]]
|capital                =
|religion               = Majority releegion:&lt;br /&gt;[[Catholic Kintra|Roman Catholic]]&lt;br /&gt;Minority releegions:&lt;br /&gt;[[Islam]], [[Judaism]], [[Greek Orthodoxy]]
|legislature            = [[Aragonese Corts|Cortes Aragonesas]]&lt;br&gt;[[Catalan Coorts|Corts Catalanes]]&lt;br&gt;[[Corts Valencianes]]
|stat_year1             = 1443
|stat_pop1              =
|stat_area1             = 250000
|footnotes              =
|today                  = {{flag|Andorra}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Fraunce}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Greece}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Italy}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Maltae}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Spain}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Tunisie}}
}}
The '''Croun o Aragon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ær|ə|ɡ|ən}};  {{lang-an|Corona d'Aragón}}, {{lang-ca|Corona d'Aragó}}, {{lang-la|Corona Aragonum}}, {{lang-es|Corona de Aragón}})&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;'''''Corona d'Aragón''''' ({{IPA-esdia|koˈɾona ðaɾaˈɣon|Aragonese pronunciation:}})&lt;br&gt;'''''Corona d'Aragó''''' ({{IPA-ca|kuˈɾonə ðəɾəˈɣo|ec}}, {{IPA-ca|koˈɾona ðaɾaˈɣo|wc}})&lt;br&gt;'''''Corona Aragonum''''' ({{IPA-la|koˈroːna araˈɡoːnũ}}&lt;br&gt;'''''Corona de Aragón''''' ({{IPA-es|koˈɾona ðe aɾaˈɣon}})&lt;/ref&gt; wis a [[composite monarchy]],&lt;ref name=&quot;composedmonarchy&quot;/&gt; an aa nouadays referred tae as a [[confederation]] o individual [[polity|polities]]&lt;ref name=&quot;captives&quot;/&gt; or [[monarchy|kinricks]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buffery&quot;/&gt; ruled bi ane king wi a [[personal union|personal]] an [[dynastic union]] o the [[Kinrick o Aragon]] an the [[Coonty o Barcelona]].

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Croun O Aragon}}
[[Category:Croun o Aragon| ]]
[[Category:History o Aragon|*]]
[[Category:Umwhile kintras on the Iberie Peninsula]]
[[Category:Umwhile monarchies o Europe|Aragon]]
[[Category:Medieval Spain]]
[[Category:Spaingie monarchy]]
[[Category:Umwhile confederations]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1035]]
[[Category:1035 establishments]]
[[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1714]]
[[Category:1714 disestablishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Aragon]]
[[Category:History o Spain]]
[[Category:History o Catalonie]]</text>
      <sha1>dfndjzb42jpu3pazfoh5u366091agsi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rab C. Nesbitt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>136273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868926</id>
      <parentid>789066</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:36:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cobra 3000</username>
        <id>28371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pit in backgrun section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6749" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox television|image=Rab C. Nesbitt 2010.PNG|image_alt=|caption=|genre=[[Comedy]]|creator=[[Ian Pattison]]|based_on=|developer=|writer=Ian Pattison|director=Colin Gilbert|creative_director=|presenter=|starring=[[Gregor Fisher]], [[Elaine C. Smith]], [[Tony Roper (actor)|Tony Roper]], [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Andrew Fairlie (actor)|Andrew Fairlie]], [[Brian Pettifer]], [[Iain McColl]], [[Eric Cullen]], [[Iain Robertson]]|judges=|voices=|narrated=|theme_music_composer=David McNiven|opentheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|endtheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|composer=|country=Scotland|language=Glesca [[Scots language|Scots]]|num_series=10|num_episodes=66 (inc. 6 specials)|list_episodes=|executive_producer=|producer=[[Colin Gilbert]]|editor=|location=[[Govan]], [[Glesga]]|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=30-50 meenit|company=|distributor=|network=[[BBC1]] (1988), [[BBC2]] (1990-2014)|picture_format=[[4:3]] (1988–1998), [[16:9]] (1999), [[1080i]] (2008–2014)|audio_format=[[Stereophonic sound|Stereo]]|first_aired={{Start date|1988|12|22|df=yes}}|last_aired={{End date|1999|06|18|df=yes}}|preceded_by=[[Naked Video]]|related=}}'''Rab C. Nesbitt''' is a Scots comedy telly series (that began in 1988) an the main chairacter in it. The chairacter is a man fae [[Glesga]] (played by [[Gregor Fisher]]) wha's idleset bi chyce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chairacter haes its springheid in anither telly series, [[Naked Video]]. The series is in a mixter-maxter o Scots an Inglis.

== Background ==
The pilot episode, made for [[BBC Scotland]] in 1988, was a Christenmas special cried ''Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet'', thit was braidcast on 22 Dizember 1988 an than repeatit on the network the follaein year. The first series stairtit on 27t September 1990 an kept gaun for seven mair, endin on 18t Juin 1999.

The show came back for an ane-off special on 23 Dizember 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welsh|first=James|date=2008-08-23|title='Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two|trans-title='Rab C Nesbitt' tae come back on BBC Twa|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071250/|archive-date=29 Nov 2018|access-date=2022-07-21|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The special sees sindry important developments, thit cairy ontae the series: Gash nou haes a dochter, Peaches; Mary an Ella have set up in business thegether as cleaners (an Jamesie, Rab an sometimes Gash aw wirk for thair company, House Mice); an Rab hissel haes convertit tae [[Christianity]] an gien up alcohol.

A ninth series o sax episode stairtit airin on 21st Januar 2010. The show's return received a guid creetical response an heich audience feegures, leadin tae a tenth series bein pit forrit bi the BBC for braidcast in 2011. Filmin for the series stairtit in Februar 2010, an stairtit braidcastin in October 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|date=9 February 2019}} - The Telegraph, 15 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a twa-year break, [[Elaine C. Smith]] confirmed on her [[Twitter]] page thit a new year's special haed duin filmin on 10t October 2013, an was aired on [[BBC Two]] on 2 Januar 2014.

Ian Pattison pit thegither an wrocht aw 65 episode, an Colin Gilbert produced an directit aw 65 episodes an aw. Topics include [[alcoholism]], [[Neo Nazis]] an [[sexually transmitted infections]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/|archive-date=9 Feb 2019|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|language=en|publication-place=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aftentimes, twa three subject thit are in normal circumstances unapproachable war uised in the same episode. The series is kent for its uncompromisin uise o [[Glasgow patter|Glaswegian accents]] an [[Central Scots|dialect]] an aw, an its technique fur brakin the [[Fourth wall|fourt waw]] by frequently hawin Rab address the viewer direct.

The series haes featurt guest appearances frae the likes o [[Norman Lovett]], [[Peter Mullan]], [[Rikki Fulton]], [[Mary Lee (singer)|Mary Lee]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Timothy Spall]], [[Stanley Baxter]], [[Kevin McNally]], [[Clive Russell]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[Viv Lumsden]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Russell Hunter]], [[Peter Capaldi]] an the unknowns [[David Tennant]], [[Ashley Jensen]], [[Ford Kiernan]], [[Greg Hemphill]], [[Karen Dunbar]], [[Jane McCarry]] an [[Paul Riley (actor)|Paul Riley]]. Series 10 episode 2 notably featurt an appearance bi Scots sangster [[Susan Boyle]] tjot was the runner-up on [[Britain's Got Talent]] in 2009. The series was taen live on tour in 1991, kent as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh'', thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recordin o the tour wis pit oot on VHS in 1992 as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: Live''. Twa script buik alangside the series hiv been pit oot an aw, alangside Rab's [[autobiography]], a novel cried ''A Stranger Here Myself''.
[[Category:1988 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:1999 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Feectional fowk frae Glesga|Nesbitt, Rab C.]]
[[Category:Govan]]
[[Category:Scots televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Glesga]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:1980s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]
In October 2016, it wis annooncit thit plans war in place for Rab C. Nesbitt tae return wi a series o live shows at the [[OVO Hydro]] in Glesga, folloaein in the fuitsteps of [[Still Game]].</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868927</id>
      <parentid>868926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:36:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cobra 3000</username>
        <id>28371</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pit in references heider</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6785" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox television|image=Rab C. Nesbitt 2010.PNG|image_alt=|caption=|genre=[[Comedy]]|creator=[[Ian Pattison]]|based_on=|developer=|writer=Ian Pattison|director=Colin Gilbert|creative_director=|presenter=|starring=[[Gregor Fisher]], [[Elaine C. Smith]], [[Tony Roper (actor)|Tony Roper]], [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Andrew Fairlie (actor)|Andrew Fairlie]], [[Brian Pettifer]], [[Iain McColl]], [[Eric Cullen]], [[Iain Robertson]]|judges=|voices=|narrated=|theme_music_composer=David McNiven|opentheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|endtheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|composer=|country=Scotland|language=Glesca [[Scots language|Scots]]|num_series=10|num_episodes=66 (inc. 6 specials)|list_episodes=|executive_producer=|producer=[[Colin Gilbert]]|editor=|location=[[Govan]], [[Glesga]]|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=30-50 meenit|company=|distributor=|network=[[BBC1]] (1988), [[BBC2]] (1990-2014)|picture_format=[[4:3]] (1988–1998), [[16:9]] (1999), [[1080i]] (2008–2014)|audio_format=[[Stereophonic sound|Stereo]]|first_aired={{Start date|1988|12|22|df=yes}}|last_aired={{End date|1999|06|18|df=yes}}|preceded_by=[[Naked Video]]|related=}}'''Rab C. Nesbitt''' is a Scots comedy telly series (that began in 1988) an the main chairacter in it. The chairacter is a man fae [[Glesga]] (played by [[Gregor Fisher]]) wha's idleset bi chyce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chairacter haes its springheid in anither telly series, [[Naked Video]]. The series is in a mixter-maxter o Scots an Inglis.

== Background ==
The pilot episode, made for [[BBC Scotland]] in 1988, was a Christenmas special cried ''Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet'', thit was braidcast on 22 Dizember 1988 an than repeatit on the network the follaein year. The first series stairtit on 27t September 1990 an kept gaun for seven mair, endin on 18t Juin 1999.

The show came back for an ane-off special on 23 Dizember 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welsh|first=James|date=2008-08-23|title='Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two|trans-title='Rab C Nesbitt' tae come back on BBC Twa|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071250/|archive-date=29 Nov 2018|access-date=2022-07-21|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The special sees sindry important developments, thit cairy ontae the series: Gash nou haes a dochter, Peaches; Mary an Ella have set up in business thegether as cleaners (an Jamesie, Rab an sometimes Gash aw wirk for thair company, House Mice); an Rab hissel haes convertit tae [[Christianity]] an gien up alcohol.

A ninth series o sax episode stairtit airin on 21st Januar 2010. The show's return received a guid creetical response an heich audience feegures, leadin tae a tenth series bein pit forrit bi the BBC for braidcast in 2011. Filmin for the series stairtit in Februar 2010, an stairtit braidcastin in October 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|date=9 February 2019}} - The Telegraph, 15 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a twa-year break, [[Elaine C. Smith]] confirmed on her [[Twitter]] page thit a new year's special haed duin filmin on 10t October 2013, an was aired on [[BBC Two]] on 2 Januar 2014.

Ian Pattison pit thegither an wrocht aw 65 episode, an Colin Gilbert produced an directit aw 65 episodes an aw. Topics include [[alcoholism]], [[Neo Nazis]] an [[sexually transmitted infections]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/|archive-date=9 Feb 2019|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|language=en|publication-place=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aftentimes, twa three subject thit are in normal circumstances unapproachable war uised in the same episode. The series is kent for its uncompromisin uise o [[Glasgow patter|Glaswegian accents]] an [[Central Scots|dialect]] an aw, an its technique fur brakin the [[Fourth wall|fourt waw]] by frequently hawin Rab address the viewer direct.

The series haes featurt guest appearances frae the likes o [[Norman Lovett]], [[Peter Mullan]], [[Rikki Fulton]], [[Mary Lee (singer)|Mary Lee]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Timothy Spall]], [[Stanley Baxter]], [[Kevin McNally]], [[Clive Russell]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[Viv Lumsden]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Russell Hunter]], [[Peter Capaldi]] an the unknowns [[David Tennant]], [[Ashley Jensen]], [[Ford Kiernan]], [[Greg Hemphill]], [[Karen Dunbar]], [[Jane McCarry]] an [[Paul Riley (actor)|Paul Riley]]. Series 10 episode 2 notably featurt an appearance bi Scots sangster [[Susan Boyle]] tjot was the runner-up on [[Britain's Got Talent]] in 2009. The series was taen live on tour in 1991, kent as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh'', thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recordin o the tour wis pit oot on VHS in 1992 as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: Live''. Twa script buik alangside the series hiv been pit oot an aw, alangside Rab's [[autobiography]], a novel cried ''A Stranger Here Myself''.


In October 2016, it wis annooncit thit plans war in place for Rab C. Nesbitt tae return wi a series o live shows at the [[OVO Hydro]] in Glesga, folloaein in the fuitsteps of [[Still Game]].

== References ==
[[Category:1988 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:1999 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Feectional fowk frae Glesga|Nesbitt, Rab C.]]
[[Category:Govan]]
[[Category:Scots televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Glesga]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:1980s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]</text>
      <sha1>4m6jvk6h5vnyc0390l8j5c17v4isvgi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868931</id>
      <parentid>868927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:45:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cobra 3000</username>
        <id>28371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pit in episodes, hame lowsins an freemit airtins</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12735" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox television|image=Rab C. Nesbitt 2010.PNG|image_alt=|caption=|genre=[[Comedy]]|creator=[[Ian Pattison]]|based_on=|developer=|writer=Ian Pattison|director=Colin Gilbert|creative_director=|presenter=|starring=[[Gregor Fisher]], [[Elaine C. Smith]], [[Tony Roper (actor)|Tony Roper]], [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Andrew Fairlie (actor)|Andrew Fairlie]], [[Brian Pettifer]], [[Iain McColl]], [[Eric Cullen]], [[Iain Robertson]]|judges=|voices=|narrated=|theme_music_composer=David McNiven|opentheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|endtheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|composer=|country=Scotland|language=Glesca [[Scots language|Scots]]|num_series=10|num_episodes=66 (inc. 6 specials)|list_episodes=|executive_producer=|producer=[[Colin Gilbert]]|editor=|location=[[Govan]], [[Glesga]]|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=30-50 meenit|company=|distributor=|network=[[BBC1]] (1988), [[BBC2]] (1990-2014)|picture_format=[[4:3]] (1988–1998), [[16:9]] (1999), [[1080i]] (2008–2014)|audio_format=[[Stereophonic sound|Stereo]]|first_aired={{Start date|1988|12|22|df=yes}}|last_aired={{End date|1999|06|18|df=yes}}|preceded_by=[[Naked Video]]|related=}}'''Rab C. Nesbitt''' is a Scots comedy telly series (that began in 1988) an the main chairacter in it. The chairacter is a man fae [[Glesga]] (played by [[Gregor Fisher]]) wha's idleset bi chyce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chairacter haes its springheid in anither telly series, [[Naked Video]]. The series is in a mixter-maxter o Scots an Inglis.

== Background ==
The pilot episode, made for [[BBC Scotland]] in 1988, was a Christenmas special cried ''Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet'', thit was braidcast on 22 Dizember 1988 an than repeatit on the network the follaein year. The first series stairtit on 27t September 1990 an kept gaun for seven mair, endin on 18t Juin 1999.

The show came back for an ane-off special on 23 Dizember 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welsh|first=James|date=2008-08-23|title='Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two|trans-title='Rab C Nesbitt' tae come back on BBC Twa|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071250/|archive-date=29 Nov 2018|access-date=2022-07-21|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The special sees sindry important developments, thit cairy ontae the series: Gash nou haes a dochter, Peaches; Mary an Ella have set up in business thegether as cleaners (an Jamesie, Rab an sometimes Gash aw wirk for thair company, House Mice); an Rab hissel haes convertit tae [[Christianity]] an gien up alcohol.

A ninth series o sax episode stairtit airin on 21st Januar 2010. The show's return received a guid creetical response an heich audience feegures, leadin tae a tenth series bein pit forrit bi the BBC for braidcast in 2011. Filmin for the series stairtit in Februar 2010, an stairtit braidcastin in October 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|date=9 February 2019}} - The Telegraph, 15 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a twa-year break, [[Elaine C. Smith]] confirmed on her [[Twitter]] page thit a new year's special haed duin filmin on 10t October 2013, an was aired on [[BBC Two]] on 2 Januar 2014.

Ian Pattison pit thegither an wrocht aw 65 episode, an Colin Gilbert produced an directit aw 65 episodes an aw. Topics include [[alcoholism]], [[Neo Nazis]] an [[sexually transmitted infections]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/|archive-date=9 Feb 2019|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|language=en|publication-place=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aftentimes, twa three subject thit are in normal circumstances unapproachable war uised in the same episode. The series is kent for its uncompromisin uise o [[Glasgow patter|Glaswegian accents]] an [[Central Scots|dialect]] an aw, an its technique fur brakin the [[Fourth wall|fourt waw]] by frequently hawin Rab address the viewer direct.

The series haes featurt guest appearances frae the likes o [[Norman Lovett]], [[Peter Mullan]], [[Rikki Fulton]], [[Mary Lee (singer)|Mary Lee]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Timothy Spall]], [[Stanley Baxter]], [[Kevin McNally]], [[Clive Russell]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[Viv Lumsden]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Russell Hunter]], [[Peter Capaldi]] an the unknowns [[David Tennant]], [[Ashley Jensen]], [[Ford Kiernan]], [[Greg Hemphill]], [[Karen Dunbar]], [[Jane McCarry]] an [[Paul Riley (actor)|Paul Riley]]. Series 10 episode 2 notably featurt an appearance bi Scots sangster [[Susan Boyle]] tjot was the runner-up on [[Britain's Got Talent]] in 2009. The series was taen live on tour in 1991, kent as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh'', thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recordin o the tour wis pit oot on VHS in 1992 as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: Live''. Twa script buik alangside the series hiv been pit oot an aw, alangside Rab's [[autobiography]], a novel cried ''A Stranger Here Myself''.


In October 2016, it wis annooncit thit plans war in place for Rab C. Nesbitt tae return wi a series o live shows at the [[OVO Hydro]] in Glesga, folloaein in the fuitsteps of [[Still Game]].

== Episodes ==

== Awards ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Group
!Award
!Result
!Ref
|-
|1989
|[[Celtic Media Festival]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ROSCOFF 1989|url=https://www.celticmediafestival.co.uk/show-winners/roscoff-1989|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[Celtic Media Festival]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
|[[Royal Television Society]]
|Best Situation Comedy| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=AWARDS|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0129709/awards|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rose d'Or]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Special Mention for 1991 Episode &quot;Holiday&quot;.''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=TV SHOWS|url=https://www.comedyunit.co.uk/archive/|access-date=8 January 2022|work=Comedy Unit}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[BAFTA]]
|Best Comedy Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=1994 WINNERS|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/television/comedy-programme-or-series|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2009 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2009|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA Scotland]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2011 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best TV Actor: [[Gregor Fisher]]| {{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2012 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2012|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best TV Actor: [[Elaine C. Smith]]| {{Nom}}
|}

== Ratings ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! width=&quot;60&quot; |Series
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Episode
! width=&quot;150&quot; |Airdates
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Total viewers
(in millions)
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Rank
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''7'''
|1
|21 August 1998
|3.70
|5
|-
|2
|28 August 1998
|3.23
|5
|-
|3
|4 September 1998
|2.73
|8
|-
|4
|11 September 1998
|2.94
|10
|-
|5
|18 September 1998
|3.16
|13
|-
|6
|25 September 1998
|3.46
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''8'''
|1
|14 Mey 1999
|2.71
|11
|-
|2
|21 Mey 1999
|3.09
|9
|-
|3
|28 Mey 1999
|2.80
|9
|-
|4
|4 Juin 1999
|2.70
|11
|-
|5
|11 Juin 1999
|2.47
|8
|-
|6
|18 Juin 1999
|2.20
|19
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Clean'''
|23 Dizember 2008
|3.70
|2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''9'''
|1
|21 Januar 2010
|2.28
|24
|-
|2
|28 Januar 2010
|2.02
|25
|-
|3
|4 Februar 2010
|1.94
|27
|-
|4
|11 Februar 2010
|1.70*
|N/A
|-
|5
|18 Februar 2010
|1.66
|30
|-
|6
|25 Februar 2010
|1.74
|27
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''10'''
|1
|5 October 2011
|2.32
|7
|-
|2
|12 October 2011
|1.92
|16
|-
|3
|19 October 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|4
|26 October 2011
|1.50*
|N/A
|-
|5
|2 November 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|6
|9 November 2011
|1.30*
|N/A
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Hoodie'''
|2 Januar 2014
|2.32
|16
|-
|}
(*) Asterisk indicates overnight figure.

== Hame Lowsins ==
The first five series war pit oot on VHS in the 1990s tae stairt wi, wi ivery series bein spleet intae twa pairt, wi three episodes on each video. &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; an &quot;Fitba&quot; war pit oot on separate VHS volllums. A &quot;best of&quot; compilation wis pit oot on VHS an aw. DVD lowsins o the series stairtit in Julie 2004, wi John Williams productions pittin oot series wan tae five on DVD, wi &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; available on a separate DVD vollums, an &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; bein pit oot thegither on a separate DVD volllum. A complete box set o series wan tae five wis pit oot later on, includin &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; but no hivin &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot;. 2|Entertain after purchased the richts tae the series, pittin oot series sax tae eicht on separate DVD vollums, an awthegither as wan DVD box set, on 15 October 2007. 2|Entertain pit oot &quot;Clean&quot; on DVD three days efter its initial airin on the telly. In 2009, a complete box set o series wan tae eicht an aw specials efterwids was pit oot, makin &quot;More&quot; available on DVD for the first time ever. DVDs o series nine an ten were pit oot in 2010 an 2011 respective-like, lea'in the 2014 special the anerly episode tae no yet be pit oot on DVD.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Series
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Episodes
! align=&quot;center&quot; |DVD release date
|-
! align=&quot;center&quot; |Region 2
|-
|Seasonal Greet
|1
|29 November 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 1|1]]
|6
|5 Julie 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 2|2]]
|6
|18 October 2004
|-
|Fitba &amp; Home
|2
|26 Februar 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 3|3]]
|6
|28 Mey 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 4|4]]
|6
|1 August 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 5|5]]
|6
|4 Dizember 2006
|-
|1-5
|32
|8 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 6|6]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 7|7]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 8|8]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|6-8
|18
|15 October 2007
|-
|Clean
|1
|26 Dizember 2008
|-
|1-8
|53
|19 October 2009
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 9|9]]
|6
|1 Mairch 2010
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 10|10]]
|6
|12 Dizember 2011
|-
|Hoodie
|1
|TBA
|}

== References ==
[[Category:1988 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:1999 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Feectional fowk frae Glesga|Nesbitt, Rab C.]]
[[Category:Govan]]
[[Category:Scots televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Glesga]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:1980s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Freemit Airtins ==

* [http://www.phill.co.uk/comedy/rab/list.html ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at Phill.co.uk {{En}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070622053614/http://www.comedyunit.co.uk/rabcnesbitt.asp ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at The Comedy Unit {{En}}
* {{IMDb title|id=0129709|title=Rab C. Nesbitt}} {{En}}</text>
      <sha1>qmtqoejhe5ob3u07losd31v5j66ye8z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868933</id>
      <parentid>868931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:46:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cobra 3000</username>
        <id>28371</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Ratings */ Spellins</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12735" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox television|image=Rab C. Nesbitt 2010.PNG|image_alt=|caption=|genre=[[Comedy]]|creator=[[Ian Pattison]]|based_on=|developer=|writer=Ian Pattison|director=Colin Gilbert|creative_director=|presenter=|starring=[[Gregor Fisher]], [[Elaine C. Smith]], [[Tony Roper (actor)|Tony Roper]], [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Andrew Fairlie (actor)|Andrew Fairlie]], [[Brian Pettifer]], [[Iain McColl]], [[Eric Cullen]], [[Iain Robertson]]|judges=|voices=|narrated=|theme_music_composer=David McNiven|opentheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|endtheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|composer=|country=Scotland|language=Glesca [[Scots language|Scots]]|num_series=10|num_episodes=66 (inc. 6 specials)|list_episodes=|executive_producer=|producer=[[Colin Gilbert]]|editor=|location=[[Govan]], [[Glesga]]|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=30-50 meenit|company=|distributor=|network=[[BBC1]] (1988), [[BBC2]] (1990-2014)|picture_format=[[4:3]] (1988–1998), [[16:9]] (1999), [[1080i]] (2008–2014)|audio_format=[[Stereophonic sound|Stereo]]|first_aired={{Start date|1988|12|22|df=yes}}|last_aired={{End date|1999|06|18|df=yes}}|preceded_by=[[Naked Video]]|related=}}'''Rab C. Nesbitt''' is a Scots comedy telly series (that began in 1988) an the main chairacter in it. The chairacter is a man fae [[Glesga]] (played by [[Gregor Fisher]]) wha's idleset bi chyce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chairacter haes its springheid in anither telly series, [[Naked Video]]. The series is in a mixter-maxter o Scots an Inglis.

== Background ==
The pilot episode, made for [[BBC Scotland]] in 1988, was a Christenmas special cried ''Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet'', thit was braidcast on 22 Dizember 1988 an than repeatit on the network the follaein year. The first series stairtit on 27t September 1990 an kept gaun for seven mair, endin on 18t Juin 1999.

The show came back for an ane-off special on 23 Dizember 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welsh|first=James|date=2008-08-23|title='Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two|trans-title='Rab C Nesbitt' tae come back on BBC Twa|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071250/|archive-date=29 Nov 2018|access-date=2022-07-21|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The special sees sindry important developments, thit cairy ontae the series: Gash nou haes a dochter, Peaches; Mary an Ella have set up in business thegether as cleaners (an Jamesie, Rab an sometimes Gash aw wirk for thair company, House Mice); an Rab hissel haes convertit tae [[Christianity]] an gien up alcohol.

A ninth series o sax episode stairtit airin on 21st Januar 2010. The show's return received a guid creetical response an heich audience feegures, leadin tae a tenth series bein pit forrit bi the BBC for braidcast in 2011. Filmin for the series stairtit in Februar 2010, an stairtit braidcastin in October 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|date=9 February 2019}} - The Telegraph, 15 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a twa-year break, [[Elaine C. Smith]] confirmed on her [[Twitter]] page thit a new year's special haed duin filmin on 10t October 2013, an was aired on [[BBC Two]] on 2 Januar 2014.

Ian Pattison pit thegither an wrocht aw 65 episode, an Colin Gilbert produced an directit aw 65 episodes an aw. Topics include [[alcoholism]], [[Neo Nazis]] an [[sexually transmitted infections]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/|archive-date=9 Feb 2019|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|language=en|publication-place=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aftentimes, twa three subject thit are in normal circumstances unapproachable war uised in the same episode. The series is kent for its uncompromisin uise o [[Glasgow patter|Glaswegian accents]] an [[Central Scots|dialect]] an aw, an its technique fur brakin the [[Fourth wall|fourt waw]] by frequently hawin Rab address the viewer direct.

The series haes featurt guest appearances frae the likes o [[Norman Lovett]], [[Peter Mullan]], [[Rikki Fulton]], [[Mary Lee (singer)|Mary Lee]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Timothy Spall]], [[Stanley Baxter]], [[Kevin McNally]], [[Clive Russell]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[Viv Lumsden]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Russell Hunter]], [[Peter Capaldi]] an the unknowns [[David Tennant]], [[Ashley Jensen]], [[Ford Kiernan]], [[Greg Hemphill]], [[Karen Dunbar]], [[Jane McCarry]] an [[Paul Riley (actor)|Paul Riley]]. Series 10 episode 2 notably featurt an appearance bi Scots sangster [[Susan Boyle]] tjot was the runner-up on [[Britain's Got Talent]] in 2009. The series was taen live on tour in 1991, kent as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh'', thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recordin o the tour wis pit oot on VHS in 1992 as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: Live''. Twa script buik alangside the series hiv been pit oot an aw, alangside Rab's [[autobiography]], a novel cried ''A Stranger Here Myself''.


In October 2016, it wis annooncit thit plans war in place for Rab C. Nesbitt tae return wi a series o live shows at the [[OVO Hydro]] in Glesga, folloaein in the fuitsteps of [[Still Game]].

== Episodes ==

== Awairds ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Group
!Award
!Result
!Ref
|-
|1989
|[[Celtic Media Festival]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ROSCOFF 1989|url=https://www.celticmediafestival.co.uk/show-winners/roscoff-1989|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[Celtic Media Festival]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
|[[Royal Television Society]]
|Best Situation Comedy| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=AWARDS|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0129709/awards|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rose d'Or]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Special Mention for 1991 Episode &quot;Holiday&quot;.''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=TV SHOWS|url=https://www.comedyunit.co.uk/archive/|access-date=8 January 2022|work=Comedy Unit}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[BAFTA]]
|Best Comedy Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=1994 WINNERS|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/television/comedy-programme-or-series|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2009 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2009|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA Scotland]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2011 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best TV Actor: [[Gregor Fisher]]| {{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2012 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2012|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best TV Actor: [[Elaine C. Smith]]| {{Nom}}
|}

== Ratins ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! width=&quot;60&quot; |Series
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Episode
! width=&quot;150&quot; |Airdates
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Total viewers
(in millions)
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Rank
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''7'''
|1
|21 August 1998
|3.70
|5
|-
|2
|28 August 1998
|3.23
|5
|-
|3
|4 September 1998
|2.73
|8
|-
|4
|11 September 1998
|2.94
|10
|-
|5
|18 September 1998
|3.16
|13
|-
|6
|25 September 1998
|3.46
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''8'''
|1
|14 Mey 1999
|2.71
|11
|-
|2
|21 Mey 1999
|3.09
|9
|-
|3
|28 Mey 1999
|2.80
|9
|-
|4
|4 Juin 1999
|2.70
|11
|-
|5
|11 Juin 1999
|2.47
|8
|-
|6
|18 Juin 1999
|2.20
|19
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Clean'''
|23 Dizember 2008
|3.70
|2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''9'''
|1
|21 Januar 2010
|2.28
|24
|-
|2
|28 Januar 2010
|2.02
|25
|-
|3
|4 Februar 2010
|1.94
|27
|-
|4
|11 Februar 2010
|1.70*
|N/A
|-
|5
|18 Februar 2010
|1.66
|30
|-
|6
|25 Februar 2010
|1.74
|27
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''10'''
|1
|5 October 2011
|2.32
|7
|-
|2
|12 October 2011
|1.92
|16
|-
|3
|19 October 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|4
|26 October 2011
|1.50*
|N/A
|-
|5
|2 November 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|6
|9 November 2011
|1.30*
|N/A
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Hoodie'''
|2 Januar 2014
|2.32
|16
|-
|}
(*) Asterisk includes owernicht feegure.

== Hame Lowsins ==
The first five series war pit oot on VHS in the 1990s tae stairt wi, wi ivery series bein spleet intae twa pairt, wi three episodes on each video. &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; an &quot;Fitba&quot; war pit oot on separate VHS volllums. A &quot;best of&quot; compilation wis pit oot on VHS an aw. DVD lowsins o the series stairtit in Julie 2004, wi John Williams productions pittin oot series wan tae five on DVD, wi &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; available on a separate DVD vollums, an &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; bein pit oot thegither on a separate DVD volllum. A complete box set o series wan tae five wis pit oot later on, includin &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; but no hivin &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot;. 2|Entertain after purchased the richts tae the series, pittin oot series sax tae eicht on separate DVD vollums, an awthegither as wan DVD box set, on 15 October 2007. 2|Entertain pit oot &quot;Clean&quot; on DVD three days efter its initial airin on the telly. In 2009, a complete box set o series wan tae eicht an aw specials efterwids was pit oot, makin &quot;More&quot; available on DVD for the first time ever. DVDs o series nine an ten were pit oot in 2010 an 2011 respective-like, lea'in the 2014 special the anerly episode tae no yet be pit oot on DVD.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Series
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Episodes
! align=&quot;center&quot; |DVD release date
|-
! align=&quot;center&quot; |Region 2
|-
|Seasonal Greet
|1
|29 November 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 1|1]]
|6
|5 Julie 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 2|2]]
|6
|18 October 2004
|-
|Fitba &amp; Home
|2
|26 Februar 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 3|3]]
|6
|28 Mey 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 4|4]]
|6
|1 August 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 5|5]]
|6
|4 Dizember 2006
|-
|1-5
|32
|8 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 6|6]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 7|7]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 8|8]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|6-8
|18
|15 October 2007
|-
|Clean
|1
|26 Dizember 2008
|-
|1-8
|53
|19 October 2009
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 9|9]]
|6
|1 Mairch 2010
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 10|10]]
|6
|12 Dizember 2011
|-
|Hoodie
|1
|TBA
|}

== References ==
[[Category:1988 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:1999 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Feectional fowk frae Glesga|Nesbitt, Rab C.]]
[[Category:Govan]]
[[Category:Scots televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Glesga]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:1980s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Freemit Airtins ==

* [http://www.phill.co.uk/comedy/rab/list.html ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at Phill.co.uk {{En}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070622053614/http://www.comedyunit.co.uk/rabcnesbitt.asp ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at The Comedy Unit {{En}}
* {{IMDb title|id=0129709|title=Rab C. Nesbitt}} {{En}}</text>
      <sha1>cjkymfw2dk11jrtxqzone2kwovx27oi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868935</id>
      <parentid>868933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:48:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Background */ redd up Scots</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12734" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox television|image=Rab C. Nesbitt 2010.PNG|image_alt=|caption=|genre=[[Comedy]]|creator=[[Ian Pattison]]|based_on=|developer=|writer=Ian Pattison|director=Colin Gilbert|creative_director=|presenter=|starring=[[Gregor Fisher]], [[Elaine C. Smith]], [[Tony Roper (actor)|Tony Roper]], [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Andrew Fairlie (actor)|Andrew Fairlie]], [[Brian Pettifer]], [[Iain McColl]], [[Eric Cullen]], [[Iain Robertson]]|judges=|voices=|narrated=|theme_music_composer=David McNiven|opentheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|endtheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|composer=|country=Scotland|language=Glesca [[Scots language|Scots]]|num_series=10|num_episodes=66 (inc. 6 specials)|list_episodes=|executive_producer=|producer=[[Colin Gilbert]]|editor=|location=[[Govan]], [[Glesga]]|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=30-50 meenit|company=|distributor=|network=[[BBC1]] (1988), [[BBC2]] (1990-2014)|picture_format=[[4:3]] (1988–1998), [[16:9]] (1999), [[1080i]] (2008–2014)|audio_format=[[Stereophonic sound|Stereo]]|first_aired={{Start date|1988|12|22|df=yes}}|last_aired={{End date|1999|06|18|df=yes}}|preceded_by=[[Naked Video]]|related=}}'''Rab C. Nesbitt''' is a Scots comedy telly series (that began in 1988) an the main chairacter in it. The chairacter is a man fae [[Glesga]] (played by [[Gregor Fisher]]) wha's idleset bi chyce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chairacter haes its springheid in anither telly series, [[Naked Video]]. The series is in a mixter-maxter o Scots an Inglis.

== Background ==
The pilot episode, made for [[BBC Scotland]] in 1988, was a Christenmas special cried ''Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet'', thit was braidcast on 22 Dizember 1988 an than repeatit on the network the follaein year. The first series stairtit on 27t September 1990 an kept gaun for seven mair, endin on 18t Juin 1999.

The show came back for a wan-aff special on 23 Dizember 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welsh|first=James|date=2008-08-23|title='Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two|trans-title='Rab C Nesbitt' tae come back on BBC Twa|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071250/|archive-date=29 Nov 2018|access-date=2022-07-21|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The special sees sindry important developments, thit cairy ontae the series: Gash nou haes a dochter, Peaches; Mary an Ella have set up in business thegether as cleaners (an Jamesie, Rab an sometimes Gash aw wirk for thair company, House Mice); an Rab hissel haes convertit tae [[Christianity]] an gien up alcohol.

A ninth series o sax episode stairtit airin on 21st Januar 2010. The show's return received a guid creetical response an heich audience feegures, leadin tae a tenth series bein pit forrit bi the BBC for braidcast in 2011. Filmin for the series stairtit in Februar 2010, an stairtit braidcastin in October 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|date=9 February 2019}} - The Telegraph, 15 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a twa-year break, [[Elaine C. Smith]] confirmed on her [[Twitter]] page thit a new year's special haed duin filmin on 10t October 2013, an was aired on [[BBC Two]] on 2 Januar 2014.

Ian Pattison pit thegither an wrocht aw 65 episode, an Colin Gilbert produced an directit aw 65 episodes an aw. Topics include [[alcoholism]], [[Neo Nazis]] an [[sexually transmitted infections]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/|archive-date=9 Feb 2019|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|language=en|publication-place=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aftentimes, twa three subject thit are in normal circumstances unapproachable war uised in the same episode. The series is kent for its uncompromisin uise o [[Glasgow patter|Glaswegian accents]] an [[Central Scots|dialect]] an aw, an its technique fur brakin the [[Fourth wall|fourt waw]] by frequently hawin Rab address the viewer direct.

The series haes featurt guest appearances frae the likes o [[Norman Lovett]], [[Peter Mullan]], [[Rikki Fulton]], [[Mary Lee (singer)|Mary Lee]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Timothy Spall]], [[Stanley Baxter]], [[Kevin McNally]], [[Clive Russell]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[Viv Lumsden]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Russell Hunter]], [[Peter Capaldi]] an the unknowns [[David Tennant]], [[Ashley Jensen]], [[Ford Kiernan]], [[Greg Hemphill]], [[Karen Dunbar]], [[Jane McCarry]] an [[Paul Riley (actor)|Paul Riley]]. Series 10 episode 2 notably featurt an appearance bi Scots sangster [[Susan Boyle]] tjot was the runner-up on [[Britain's Got Talent]] in 2009. The series was taen live on tour in 1991, kent as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh'', thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recordin o the tour wis pit oot on VHS in 1992 as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: Live''. Twa script buik alangside the series hiv been pit oot an aw, alangside Rab's [[autobiography]], a novel cried ''A Stranger Here Myself''.


In October 2016, it wis annooncit thit plans war in place for Rab C. Nesbitt tae return wi a series o live shows at the [[OVO Hydro]] in Glesga, folloaein in the fuitsteps of [[Still Game]].

== Episodes ==

== Awairds ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Group
!Award
!Result
!Ref
|-
|1989
|[[Celtic Media Festival]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ROSCOFF 1989|url=https://www.celticmediafestival.co.uk/show-winners/roscoff-1989|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[Celtic Media Festival]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
|[[Royal Television Society]]
|Best Situation Comedy| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=AWARDS|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0129709/awards|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rose d'Or]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Special Mention for 1991 Episode &quot;Holiday&quot;.''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=TV SHOWS|url=https://www.comedyunit.co.uk/archive/|access-date=8 January 2022|work=Comedy Unit}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[BAFTA]]
|Best Comedy Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=1994 WINNERS|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/television/comedy-programme-or-series|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2009 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2009|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA Scotland]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2011 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best TV Actor: [[Gregor Fisher]]| {{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2012 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2012|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best TV Actor: [[Elaine C. Smith]]| {{Nom}}
|}

== Ratins ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! width=&quot;60&quot; |Series
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Episode
! width=&quot;150&quot; |Airdates
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Total viewers
(in millions)
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Rank
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''7'''
|1
|21 August 1998
|3.70
|5
|-
|2
|28 August 1998
|3.23
|5
|-
|3
|4 September 1998
|2.73
|8
|-
|4
|11 September 1998
|2.94
|10
|-
|5
|18 September 1998
|3.16
|13
|-
|6
|25 September 1998
|3.46
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''8'''
|1
|14 Mey 1999
|2.71
|11
|-
|2
|21 Mey 1999
|3.09
|9
|-
|3
|28 Mey 1999
|2.80
|9
|-
|4
|4 Juin 1999
|2.70
|11
|-
|5
|11 Juin 1999
|2.47
|8
|-
|6
|18 Juin 1999
|2.20
|19
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Clean'''
|23 Dizember 2008
|3.70
|2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''9'''
|1
|21 Januar 2010
|2.28
|24
|-
|2
|28 Januar 2010
|2.02
|25
|-
|3
|4 Februar 2010
|1.94
|27
|-
|4
|11 Februar 2010
|1.70*
|N/A
|-
|5
|18 Februar 2010
|1.66
|30
|-
|6
|25 Februar 2010
|1.74
|27
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''10'''
|1
|5 October 2011
|2.32
|7
|-
|2
|12 October 2011
|1.92
|16
|-
|3
|19 October 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|4
|26 October 2011
|1.50*
|N/A
|-
|5
|2 November 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|6
|9 November 2011
|1.30*
|N/A
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Hoodie'''
|2 Januar 2014
|2.32
|16
|-
|}
(*) Asterisk includes owernicht feegure.

== Hame Lowsins ==
The first five series war pit oot on VHS in the 1990s tae stairt wi, wi ivery series bein spleet intae twa pairt, wi three episodes on each video. &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; an &quot;Fitba&quot; war pit oot on separate VHS volllums. A &quot;best of&quot; compilation wis pit oot on VHS an aw. DVD lowsins o the series stairtit in Julie 2004, wi John Williams productions pittin oot series wan tae five on DVD, wi &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; available on a separate DVD vollums, an &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; bein pit oot thegither on a separate DVD volllum. A complete box set o series wan tae five wis pit oot later on, includin &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; but no hivin &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot;. 2|Entertain after purchased the richts tae the series, pittin oot series sax tae eicht on separate DVD vollums, an awthegither as wan DVD box set, on 15 October 2007. 2|Entertain pit oot &quot;Clean&quot; on DVD three days efter its initial airin on the telly. In 2009, a complete box set o series wan tae eicht an aw specials efterwids was pit oot, makin &quot;More&quot; available on DVD for the first time ever. DVDs o series nine an ten were pit oot in 2010 an 2011 respective-like, lea'in the 2014 special the anerly episode tae no yet be pit oot on DVD.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Series
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Episodes
! align=&quot;center&quot; |DVD release date
|-
! align=&quot;center&quot; |Region 2
|-
|Seasonal Greet
|1
|29 November 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 1|1]]
|6
|5 Julie 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 2|2]]
|6
|18 October 2004
|-
|Fitba &amp; Home
|2
|26 Februar 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 3|3]]
|6
|28 Mey 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 4|4]]
|6
|1 August 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 5|5]]
|6
|4 Dizember 2006
|-
|1-5
|32
|8 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 6|6]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 7|7]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 8|8]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|6-8
|18
|15 October 2007
|-
|Clean
|1
|26 Dizember 2008
|-
|1-8
|53
|19 October 2009
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 9|9]]
|6
|1 Mairch 2010
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 10|10]]
|6
|12 Dizember 2011
|-
|Hoodie
|1
|TBA
|}

== References ==
[[Category:1988 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:1999 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Feectional fowk frae Glesga|Nesbitt, Rab C.]]
[[Category:Govan]]
[[Category:Scots televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Glesga]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:1980s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Freemit Airtins ==

* [http://www.phill.co.uk/comedy/rab/list.html ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at Phill.co.uk {{En}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070622053614/http://www.comedyunit.co.uk/rabcnesbitt.asp ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at The Comedy Unit {{En}}
* {{IMDb title|id=0129709|title=Rab C. Nesbitt}} {{En}}</text>
      <sha1>g90ub7t8sa3e2c19bnmarkmo38wdyhn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868942</id>
      <parentid>868935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:59:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Awairds */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12746" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox television|image=Rab C. Nesbitt 2010.PNG|image_alt=|caption=|genre=[[Comedy]]|creator=[[Ian Pattison]]|based_on=|developer=|writer=Ian Pattison|director=Colin Gilbert|creative_director=|presenter=|starring=[[Gregor Fisher]], [[Elaine C. Smith]], [[Tony Roper (actor)|Tony Roper]], [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Andrew Fairlie (actor)|Andrew Fairlie]], [[Brian Pettifer]], [[Iain McColl]], [[Eric Cullen]], [[Iain Robertson]]|judges=|voices=|narrated=|theme_music_composer=David McNiven|opentheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|endtheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|composer=|country=Scotland|language=Glesca [[Scots language|Scots]]|num_series=10|num_episodes=66 (inc. 6 specials)|list_episodes=|executive_producer=|producer=[[Colin Gilbert]]|editor=|location=[[Govan]], [[Glesga]]|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=30-50 meenit|company=|distributor=|network=[[BBC1]] (1988), [[BBC2]] (1990-2014)|picture_format=[[4:3]] (1988–1998), [[16:9]] (1999), [[1080i]] (2008–2014)|audio_format=[[Stereophonic sound|Stereo]]|first_aired={{Start date|1988|12|22|df=yes}}|last_aired={{End date|1999|06|18|df=yes}}|preceded_by=[[Naked Video]]|related=}}'''Rab C. Nesbitt''' is a Scots comedy telly series (that began in 1988) an the main chairacter in it. The chairacter is a man fae [[Glesga]] (played by [[Gregor Fisher]]) wha's idleset bi chyce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chairacter haes its springheid in anither telly series, [[Naked Video]]. The series is in a mixter-maxter o Scots an Inglis.

== Background ==
The pilot episode, made for [[BBC Scotland]] in 1988, was a Christenmas special cried ''Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet'', thit was braidcast on 22 Dizember 1988 an than repeatit on the network the follaein year. The first series stairtit on 27t September 1990 an kept gaun for seven mair, endin on 18t Juin 1999.

The show came back for a wan-aff special on 23 Dizember 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welsh|first=James|date=2008-08-23|title='Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two|trans-title='Rab C Nesbitt' tae come back on BBC Twa|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071250/|archive-date=29 Nov 2018|access-date=2022-07-21|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The special sees sindry important developments, thit cairy ontae the series: Gash nou haes a dochter, Peaches; Mary an Ella have set up in business thegether as cleaners (an Jamesie, Rab an sometimes Gash aw wirk for thair company, House Mice); an Rab hissel haes convertit tae [[Christianity]] an gien up alcohol.

A ninth series o sax episode stairtit airin on 21st Januar 2010. The show's return received a guid creetical response an heich audience feegures, leadin tae a tenth series bein pit forrit bi the BBC for braidcast in 2011. Filmin for the series stairtit in Februar 2010, an stairtit braidcastin in October 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|date=9 February 2019}} - The Telegraph, 15 January 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a twa-year break, [[Elaine C. Smith]] confirmed on her [[Twitter]] page thit a new year's special haed duin filmin on 10t October 2013, an was aired on [[BBC Two]] on 2 Januar 2014.

Ian Pattison pit thegither an wrocht aw 65 episode, an Colin Gilbert produced an directit aw 65 episodes an aw. Topics include [[alcoholism]], [[Neo Nazis]] an [[sexually transmitted infections]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/|archive-date=9 Feb 2019|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|language=en|publication-place=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aftentimes, twa three subject thit are in normal circumstances unapproachable war uised in the same episode. The series is kent for its uncompromisin uise o [[Glasgow patter|Glaswegian accents]] an [[Central Scots|dialect]] an aw, an its technique fur brakin the [[Fourth wall|fourt waw]] by frequently hawin Rab address the viewer direct.

The series haes featurt guest appearances frae the likes o [[Norman Lovett]], [[Peter Mullan]], [[Rikki Fulton]], [[Mary Lee (singer)|Mary Lee]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Timothy Spall]], [[Stanley Baxter]], [[Kevin McNally]], [[Clive Russell]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[Viv Lumsden]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Russell Hunter]], [[Peter Capaldi]] an the unknowns [[David Tennant]], [[Ashley Jensen]], [[Ford Kiernan]], [[Greg Hemphill]], [[Karen Dunbar]], [[Jane McCarry]] an [[Paul Riley (actor)|Paul Riley]]. Series 10 episode 2 notably featurt an appearance bi Scots sangster [[Susan Boyle]] tjot was the runner-up on [[Britain's Got Talent]] in 2009. The series was taen live on tour in 1991, kent as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh'', thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recordin o the tour wis pit oot on VHS in 1992 as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: Live''. Twa script buik alangside the series hiv been pit oot an aw, alangside Rab's [[autobiography]], a novel cried ''A Stranger Here Myself''.


In October 2016, it wis annooncit thit plans war in place for Rab C. Nesbitt tae return wi a series o live shows at the [[OVO Hydro]] in Glesga, folloaein in the fuitsteps of [[Still Game]].

== Episodes ==

== Awairds ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Group
!Award
!Result
!Ref
|-
|1989
|[[Celtic Media Festival]]
|Best Entertainment Programme
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ROSCOFF 1989|url=https://www.celticmediafestival.co.uk/show-winners/roscoff-1989|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[Celtic Media Festival]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
|[[Royal Television Society]]
|Best Situation Comedy
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=AWARDS|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0129709/awards|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Rose d'Or]]
|''Special Mention for 1991 Episode &quot;Holiday&quot;.''
|Special Mention
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=TV SHOWS|url=https://www.comedyunit.co.uk/archive/|access-date=8 January 2022|work=Comedy Unit}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1992
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1994
|[[BAFTA]]
|Best Comedy Programme
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=1994 WINNERS|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/television/comedy-programme-or-series|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1997
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDb&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2009 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2009|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA Scotland]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best Entertainment Programme
| {{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2011 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[BAFTA Scotland]]
|Best TV Actor: [[Gregor Fisher]]
| {{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2012 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2012|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best TV Actor: [[Elaine C. Smith]]
| {{Nom}}
|}

== Ratins ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! width=&quot;60&quot; |Series
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Episode
! width=&quot;150&quot; |Airdates
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Total viewers
(in millions)
! width=&quot;50&quot; |Rank
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''7'''
|1
|21 August 1998
|3.70
|5
|-
|2
|28 August 1998
|3.23
|5
|-
|3
|4 September 1998
|2.73
|8
|-
|4
|11 September 1998
|2.94
|10
|-
|5
|18 September 1998
|3.16
|13
|-
|6
|25 September 1998
|3.46
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''8'''
|1
|14 Mey 1999
|2.71
|11
|-
|2
|21 Mey 1999
|3.09
|9
|-
|3
|28 Mey 1999
|2.80
|9
|-
|4
|4 Juin 1999
|2.70
|11
|-
|5
|11 Juin 1999
|2.47
|8
|-
|6
|18 Juin 1999
|2.20
|19
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Clean'''
|23 Dizember 2008
|3.70
|2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''9'''
|1
|21 Januar 2010
|2.28
|24
|-
|2
|28 Januar 2010
|2.02
|25
|-
|3
|4 Februar 2010
|1.94
|27
|-
|4
|11 Februar 2010
|1.70*
|N/A
|-
|5
|18 Februar 2010
|1.66
|30
|-
|6
|25 Februar 2010
|1.74
|27
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |'''10'''
|1
|5 October 2011
|2.32
|7
|-
|2
|12 October 2011
|1.92
|16
|-
|3
|19 October 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|4
|26 October 2011
|1.50*
|N/A
|-
|5
|2 November 2011
|1.40*
|N/A
|-
|6
|9 November 2011
|1.30*
|N/A
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Special: '''Hoodie'''
|2 Januar 2014
|2.32
|16
|-
|}
(*) Asterisk includes owernicht feegure.

== Hame Lowsins ==
The first five series war pit oot on VHS in the 1990s tae stairt wi, wi ivery series bein spleet intae twa pairt, wi three episodes on each video. &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; an &quot;Fitba&quot; war pit oot on separate VHS volllums. A &quot;best of&quot; compilation wis pit oot on VHS an aw. DVD lowsins o the series stairtit in Julie 2004, wi John Williams productions pittin oot series wan tae five on DVD, wi &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot; available on a separate DVD vollums, an &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; bein pit oot thegither on a separate DVD volllum. A complete box set o series wan tae five wis pit oot later on, includin &quot;Fitba&quot; an &quot;Home&quot; but no hivin &quot;Seasonal Greet&quot;. 2|Entertain after purchased the richts tae the series, pittin oot series sax tae eicht on separate DVD vollums, an awthegither as wan DVD box set, on 15 October 2007. 2|Entertain pit oot &quot;Clean&quot; on DVD three days efter its initial airin on the telly. In 2009, a complete box set o series wan tae eicht an aw specials efterwids was pit oot, makin &quot;More&quot; available on DVD for the first time ever. DVDs o series nine an ten were pit oot in 2010 an 2011 respective-like, lea'in the 2014 special the anerly episode tae no yet be pit oot on DVD.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Series
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Episodes
! align=&quot;center&quot; |DVD release date
|-
! align=&quot;center&quot; |Region 2
|-
|Seasonal Greet
|1
|29 November 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 1|1]]
|6
|5 Julie 2004
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 2|2]]
|6
|18 October 2004
|-
|Fitba &amp; Home
|2
|26 Februar 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 3|3]]
|6
|28 Mey 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 4|4]]
|6
|1 August 2005
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 5|5]]
|6
|4 Dizember 2006
|-
|1-5
|32
|8 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 6|6]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 7|7]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 8|8]]
|6
|15 October 2007
|-
|6-8
|18
|15 October 2007
|-
|Clean
|1
|26 Dizember 2008
|-
|1-8
|53
|19 October 2009
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 9|9]]
|6
|1 Mairch 2010
|-
|[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 10|10]]
|6
|12 Dizember 2011
|-
|Hoodie
|1
|TBA
|}

== References ==
[[Category:1988 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:1999 Breetish televeesion programme endins]]
[[Category:1980s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Breetish comedy televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Feectional fowk frae Glesga|Nesbitt, Rab C.]]
[[Category:Govan]]
[[Category:Scots televeesion sitcoms]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Glesga]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:1980s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]
&lt;references /&gt;

== Freemit Airtins ==

* [http://www.phill.co.uk/comedy/rab/list.html ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at Phill.co.uk {{En}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070622053614/http://www.comedyunit.co.uk/rabcnesbitt.asp ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at The Comedy Unit {{En}}
* {{IMDb title|id=0129709|title=Rab C. Nesbitt}} {{En}}</text>
      <sha1>7cmzbh1b04nuyxau06lxce8fajyrm7c</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Pokémon (anime)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>150737</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868950</id>
      <parentid>868692</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-22T01:26:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stephan1000000</username>
        <id>59533</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>episodes</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4755" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name            = Pokémon
| image           = [[File:International Pokémon logo.svg|frameless|upright=1.15]]
| caption         = Inglis logo
| ja_kanji        = ポケットモンスター
| ja_romaji       = Poketto Monsutā
| genre           = [[Adventur feection|Adventur]], [[Science feection]], [[Fantasy]]
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type            = tv series
| director        = [[Kunihiko Yuyama]] &lt;small&gt;(Chief Director)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Masamitsu Hidaka &lt;small&gt;(First Series, Advanced Generation #1-158)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Norihiko Sudō &lt;small&gt;(Advanced Generation #170-Best Wishes #142)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Yūji Asada &lt;small&gt;(Diamond &amp; Pearl #171-191)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Tetsuo Yajima &lt;small&gt;(XY #1-present)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Daiki Tomiyasu &lt;small&gt;(XY&amp;Z #31)&lt;/small&gt;
| producer        = [[Satoshi Tajiri]]&lt;br&gt;[[Junichi Masuda]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ken Sugimori]]
| writer          = [[Takeshi Shudo]] &lt;small&gt;(First Series #1-157)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Atsuhiro Tomioka &lt;small&gt;(Diamond &amp; Pearl #1-present)&lt;/small&gt; 
| music           = [[Shinji Miyazaki]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hirokazu Tanaka]] &lt;small&gt;(openings)&lt;/small&gt;
| studio          = [[OLM, Inc.]]&lt;br&gt;Team Ota &lt;small&gt;(1997–2006)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Team Iguchi &lt;small&gt;(2006–2009)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Team Kato &lt;small&gt;(2010–present)&lt;/small&gt;
| licensee        = {{English anime licensee
  | NA  = [[4Kids Entertainment]] &lt;small&gt;(1998–2006)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[The Pokémon Company|The Pokémon Company International]] &lt;small&gt;(2006–present)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| network         = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en      = {{collapsible list|title=List|
{{English anime network
  | US  = [[Broadcast syndication|First run syndication]] &lt;small&gt;(1998–1999)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[The WB]] ([[Kids' WB]]) &lt;small&gt;(1999–2006)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Cartoon Network]] &lt;small&gt;(2006–present)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;[[Boomerang (TV channel)|Boomerang]] &lt;small&gt;(2010–present)&lt;/small&gt;
  | CA  = [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]] &lt;small&gt;(1998–2014)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Teletoon]] &lt;small&gt;(2014–present)&lt;/small&gt;
  | AU  = [[Network Ten]] &lt;small&gt;(1998–2012)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Eleven (Australian TV channel)|Eleven]] &lt;small&gt;(2012–present)&lt;/small&gt;
  | AUS = [[Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)|Cartoon Network]] &lt;small&gt;(2000–2012, 2014–2015)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Boomerang (Australia and New Zealand)|Boomerang]] &lt;small&gt;(2016–present)&lt;/small&gt;
  | IN  = [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network]] &lt;small&gt;(2003–2011, 2014–present)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]] &lt;small&gt;(2011–2014)&lt;/small&gt;
  | NZ  = [[TV2 (New Zealand)|TV2]] &lt;small&gt;(1998–2000, 2003–present)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[TV3 (New Zealand)|TV3]] &lt;small&gt;(2000–2003)&lt;/small&gt;
  | UK  = [[Sky 1]]&lt;br&gt;[[ITV1]]&lt;small&gt; (1999–2004)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[CITV]] &lt;small&gt;(2008–present)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[ITV4]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pop (UK TV channel)|Pop]]&lt;br&gt;[[Toonami (UK &amp; Ireland)|Toonami]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cartoon Network Too]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jetix]]&lt;br&gt;[[Disney XD (UK &amp; Ireland)|Disney XD]]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;(currently)&lt;/small&gt;
  | ZA  = [[e.tv]] &lt;small&gt;(currently)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[SABC 2]]&lt;br&gt;[[SABC 3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Disney XD]] &lt;small&gt;(2011–present)&lt;/small&gt;
  | SEA = [[Disney XD (Southeast Asia)|Disney XD]] &lt;small&gt;(2016–present)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
}}
| first           = {{start date|1997|4|1}}
| last            =
| episodes        = 1205
| episode_list    = Leet o Pokémon episodes (saisons 14–current)
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title           = Movies (tot 18)
| content         = *5 oreeginal series movies
*4 ''Advanced Generation'' series movies
*4 ''Diamond &amp; Pearl'' series movies
*3 ''Best Wishes!'' series movies
*2 ''XY'' series movies
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title           = Specials
| content         = *8 TV specials (3 full-lenth, 5 normal-lenth)
*25 side-story episodes
*7 Winter Vacation shorts
*8 ANA flichts shorts
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
{{Nihongo|'''''Pokémon'''''|ポケモン|Pokemon}}, abbreviatit frae the Japanese teetle o {{Nihongo4|'''''Pocket Monsters'''''|ポケットモンスター|Poketto Monsutā}} an currently advertised  as '''''Pokémon: The Series''''', is a Japanese [[anime]] telly series, which haes been adaptit for the internaitional telly marcats.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pokemon (anime)}}
[[Category:Pokémon (anime)| ]]
[[Category:1997 anime televeesion series]]
[[Category:Anime televeesion series based on video gemmes]]
[[Category:Comedy-drama anime an manga]]
[[Category:First-run syndicatit televeesion programmes in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime an manga]]
[[Category:Japanese bairns' televeesion series]]
[[Category:Science feection anime an manga]]
[[Category:Toonami]]
[[Category:TV Tokyo shaws]]
[[Category:Viz Media anime]]
[[Category:Wirks based on Nintendo video gemmes]]
[[Category:Programmes acquired bi GMA Network]]
[[Category:GMA Network shaws]]
[[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Northren Scots</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>152620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868895</id>
      <parentid>829096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:27:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>eik in info fae soorce</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1270" xml:space="preserve">'''Northren Scots''' refers tae the dialects o [[Modren Scots]] tradeetionally spoken in eastren pairts o the north o [[Scotland]].

The dialect is generally dividit intae:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15 |title=SND Introduction - Dialect Districts |publisher=Dsl.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-05-21 |archive-date=2013-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601130852/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[North Northren Scots|North Northren]] spoken in [[Caithness]], [[Easter Ross]] an the [[Black Isle]].
*Mid Northren, popularly kent as the ''[[Doric]]'', spoken in [[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Banff an Buchan]], [[Moray]] an the [[Nairn]] aurie.
*[[Sooth Northren Scots|Sooth Northren]] spoken in East [[Angus]] an [[Kincardineshire|the Mearns]].

Northren Scots, lik [[Insular Scots]], is amang the maist conservative Scots byleids as weel as haein lang-term contack wi ither leids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Millar|first=Robert McColl|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/100562381|title=Northern and insular Scots|date=2007|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2996-1|location=Edinburgh|pages=1|oclc=100562381}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references/&gt; 

[[Category:Scots dialects]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868897</id>
      <parentid>868895</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:29:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>eik in soorce</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1507" xml:space="preserve">'''Northren Scots''' refers tae the dialects o [[Modren Scots]] tradeetionally spoken in eastren pairts o the north o [[Scotland]].

The dialect is generally dividit intae:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15 |title=SND Introduction - Dialect Districts |publisher=Dsl.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-05-21 |archive-date=2013-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601130852/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Millar|first=Robert McColl|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/100562381|title=Northern and insular Scots|date=2007|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2996-1|location=Edinburgh|oclc=100562381}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[North Northren Scots|North Northren]] spoken in [[Caithness]], [[Easter Ross]] an the [[Black Isle]].
*Mid Northren, popularly kent as the ''[[Doric]]'', spoken in [[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Banff an Buchan]], [[Moray]] an the [[Nairn]] aurie.
*[[Sooth Northren Scots|Sooth Northren]] spoken in East [[Angus]] an [[Kincardineshire|the Mearns]].

Northren Scots, lik [[Insular Scots]], is amang the maist conservative Scots byleids as weel as haein lang-term contack wi ither leids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Millar|first=Robert McColl|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/100562381|title=Northern and insular Scots|date=2007|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2996-1|location=Edinburgh|pages=1|oclc=100562381}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
&lt;references/&gt; 

[[Category:Scots dialects]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>St Machar Cathedral</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172310</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868900</id>
      <parentid>805948</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:37:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a wee intro paragraph</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1483" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox church
|name=Cathedral o St Machar
| fullname = High Kirk o Aiberdeen 
|image=St Machar's cathedral with watch house - geograph.org.uk - 174651.jpg
|caption=The cathedral's west front
|dedication=[[St Machar]]
|denomination=[[Kirk o Scotland]]
| previous denomination  = [[Roman Catholic]]
| country                = [[Scotland]]
|location = [[Aiberdeen]] 
|churchmanship =[[Presbyterian]]
|presbytery=[[Presbytery o Aiberdeen|Aiberdeen]]
|minister=Rev Barry Dunsmore 
|organist=
|website=[http://www.stmachars.com/ stmachars.com]
}}
'''St Machar's Cathedral,''' usually called '''Old Machar''' (Scottish Gaelic: Cathair-eaglais Naomh Machar), (mair formally, eh Kirk o St Machar) is a [[Kirk o Scotland]] [[kirk]] in [[Aiberdeen]], Scotland. It is located to the north of the city centre, in the former burgh of Old Aiberdeen. Technically, St Machar's is nae longer a [[cathedral]] but rather a [[high kirk]], as it has not been the seat o a bishop since 1690.

{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}

{{Coord|57.1698|-2.1021|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Machars Cathedral}}
[[Category:14t-century kirks]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Aiberdeen]]
[[Category:Leetit cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Medieval cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Cathedrals o the Kirk o Scotland]]
[[Category:Kirks in Aiberdeen| ]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Aiberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]</text>
      <sha1>ojwuwl6bf2s4c6yfh1jl09crynrazl2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868902</id>
      <parentid>868900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:48:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added a reference</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1728" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox church
|name=Cathedral o St Machar
| fullname = High Kirk o Aiberdeen 
|image=St Machar's cathedral with watch house - geograph.org.uk - 174651.jpg
|caption=The cathedral's west front
|dedication=[[St Machar]]
|denomination=[[Kirk o Scotland]]
| previous denomination  = [[Roman Catholic]]
| country                = [[Scotland]]
|location = [[Aiberdeen]] 
|churchmanship =[[Presbyterian]]
|presbytery=[[Presbytery o Aiberdeen|Aiberdeen]]
|minister=Rev Barry Dunsmore 
|organist=
|website=[http://www.stmachars.com/ stmachars.com]
}}
'''St Machar's Cathedral,''' usually called '''Old Machar''' (Scottish Gaelic: Cathair-eaglais Naomh Machar), (mair formally, eh Kirk o St Machar) is a [[Kirk o Scotland]] [[kirk]] in [[Aiberdeen]], Scotland. It is located to the north of the city centre&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aberdeen, The Chanonry, St Machar's Cathedral And Churchyard {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/20216/aberdeen-the-chanonry-st-machars-cathedral-and-churchyard|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, in the former burgh of Old Aiberdeen. Technically, St Machar's is nae longer a [[cathedral]] but rather a [[high kirk]], as it has not been the seat o a bishop since 1690.

{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}

{{Coord|57.1698|-2.1021|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Machars Cathedral}}
[[Category:14t-century kirks]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Aiberdeen]]
[[Category:Leetit cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Medieval cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Cathedrals o the Kirk o Scotland]]
[[Category:Kirks in Aiberdeen| ]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Aiberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]</text>
      <sha1>hi1n46wjrhxac33m3auq33uuot2gtoj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868906</id>
      <parentid>868902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:53:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added a gallarie</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2187" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox church
|name=Cathedral o St Machar
| fullname = High Kirk o Aiberdeen 
|image=St Machar's cathedral with watch house - geograph.org.uk - 174651.jpg
|caption=The cathedral's west front
|dedication=[[St Machar]]
|denomination=[[Kirk o Scotland]]
| previous denomination  = [[Roman Catholic]]
| country                = [[Scotland]]
|location = [[Aiberdeen]] 
|churchmanship =[[Presbyterian]]
|presbytery=[[Presbytery o Aiberdeen|Aiberdeen]]
|minister=Rev Barry Dunsmore 
|organist=
|website=[http://www.stmachars.com/ stmachars.com]
}}
'''St Machar's Cathedral,''' usually called '''Old Machar''' (Scottish Gaelic: Cathair-eaglais Naomh Machar), (mair formally, eh Kirk o St Machar) is a [[Kirk o Scotland]] [[kirk]] in [[Aiberdeen]], Scotland. It is located to the north of the city centre&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aberdeen, The Chanonry, St Machar's Cathedral And Churchyard {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/20216/aberdeen-the-chanonry-st-machars-cathedral-and-churchyard|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, in the former burgh of Old Aiberdeen. Technically, St Machar's is nae longer a [[cathedral]] but rather a [[high kirk]], as it has not been the seat o a bishop since 1690.

{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}

{{Coord|57.1698|-2.1021|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}

== Gallarie ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:The Builder Bishops window by Douglas Strachan, St Machar's Cathedral.jpg|alt=|The Builder Bishops window by Douglas Strachan, St Machar's Cathedral
File:St Machar's Cathedral, Old Aberdeen - geograph.org.uk - 2636873.jpg|alt=|Internal view of St Machar's Cathedral, shown the panelled ceiling
File:Aberdeen, The Chanonry, St Machar's Cathedral And Churchyard.jpg|alt=|St Machar's Cathedral and kirkyard aen the snae
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Machars Cathedral}}
[[Category:14t-century kirks]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Aiberdeen]]
[[Category:Leetit cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Medieval cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Cathedrals o the Kirk o Scotland]]
[[Category:Kirks in Aiberdeen| ]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Aiberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]</text>
      <sha1>glc7eswsbbzgarzbt8yu0kfamm775ys</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868909</id>
      <parentid>868906</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drkirstyross</username>
        <id>77804</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2192" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox church
|name=Cathedral o St Machar
| fullname = High Kirk o Aiberdeen 
|image=St Machar's cathedral with watch house - geograph.org.uk - 174651.jpg
|caption=The cathedral's west front
|dedication=[[St Machar]]
|denomination=[[Kirk o Scotland]]
| previous denomination  = [[Roman Catholic]]
| country                = [[Scotland]]
|location = [[Aiberdeen]] 
|churchmanship =[[Presbyterian]]
|presbytery=[[Presbytery o Aiberdeen|Aiberdeen]]
|minister=Rev Barry Dunsmore 
|organist=
|website=[http://www.stmachars.com/ stmachars.com]
}}
'''St Machar's Cathedral,''' usually called '''Old Machar''' (Scottish Gaelic: Cathair-eaglais Naomh Machar), (mair formally, eh Kirk o St Machar) is a [[Kirk o Scotland]] [[kirk]] in [[Aiberdeen]], Scotland. It is located to the north of the city centre&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aberdeen, The Chanonry, St Machar's Cathedral And Churchyard {{!}} Canmore|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/20216/aberdeen-the-chanonry-st-machars-cathedral-and-churchyard|access-date=2022-07-21|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, in the former burgh of Old Aiberdeen. Technically, St Machar's is nae longer a [[cathedral]] but rather a [[high kirk]], as it has not been the seat o a bishop since 1690.

{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}

{{Coord|57.1698|-2.1021|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}

== Gallarie ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:The Builder Bishops window by Douglas Strachan, St Machar's Cathedral.jpg|alt=|The Builder Bishops window by Douglas Strachan, St Machar's Cathedral
File:St Machar's Cathedral, Old Aberdeen - geograph.org.uk - 2636873.jpg|alt=|Internal view of St Machar's Cathedral, shown the panelled ceiling
File:Aberdeen, The Chanonry, St Machar's Cathedral And Churchyard.jpg|alt=|St Machar's Cathedral and kirkyard aen the snae
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Referances leet ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Machars Cathedral}}
[[Category:14t-century kirks]]
[[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Aiberdeen]]
[[Category:Leetit cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Medieval cathedrals in Scotland]]
[[Category:Cathedrals o the Kirk o Scotland]]
[[Category:Kirks in Aiberdeen| ]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Aiberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]</text>
      <sha1>ojroun9mcl4rh8szi98fw1tzegvtx28</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>John Jamieson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173219</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868937</id>
      <parentid>856568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:52:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>naething fur tae seen tae fae whit A'm seein</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4897" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix          = [[The Reverend]]
| name                      = John Jamieson
| honorific_suffix          = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRSE|FSAs|FRSL|size=100%}}
| native_name               =
| native_name_lang          =
| image                     =Rev John Jamieson by John Kay.png
| image_size                =
| alt                       =
| caption                   =Rev John Jamieson bi [[John Kay (caricaturist)|John Kay]]
| birth_name                =
| birth_date                = 3 Mairch 1759
| birth_place               = Glesga
| death_date                = {{d-da|12 July 1838|5 March 1759}}
| death_place               =  [[George Square, Edinburgh]]
| death_cause               =
| body_discovered           =
| resting_place             =  [[St. Cuthbert's Cemetery, Edinburgh]]
| resting_place_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --&gt;
| monuments                 =
| residence                 =
| nationality               = Scottish
| other_names               =
| citizenship               = Great Britain
| education                 =  [[Glasgow Grammar School]]
| alma_mater                =  [[Glesga University]] (1768-71)&lt;br&gt;[[Edinburgh University]] (1775-6)&lt;br&gt;[[Princeton University|College of New Jersey]] (DD 1795)
| occupation                =  [[Licensed meenister]] (1781)&lt;br&gt;Meenister o [[secessionist congregation]] [[Farfar]], Angus&lt;br&gt;Meenister o the Nicolson Street
[[Antiburgher Church]], Edinburgh (1797–1830)
| years_active              =
| employer                  =
| organization              =
| agent                     =
| known_for                 =
| notable_works             =  &quot;Etymological Dictionary of The Scottish Language&quot; (1808)&lt;br&gt;&quot;History of the Culdees&quot; (1811)&lt;br&gt;&quot;Views of the
Royal Palaces of Scotland&quot; (1828)
| style                     =
| influences                =
| influenced                =
| home_town                 =
| salary                    =
| net_worth                 =
| height                    =
| weight                    =
| television                =
| title                     =
| term                      =
| predecessor               =
| successor                 =
| party                     =
| movement                  =
| opponents                 =
| boards                    =
| religion                  = &lt;!-- Religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --&gt;
| denomination              = &lt;!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --&gt;
| spouse                    =  Charlotte Watson (dee'd 1837)
| partner                   =
| children                  =
| parents                   =
| relatives                 =
| callsign                  =
| awards                    =
| signature                 =
| signature_alt             =
| signature_size            =
| module                    =
| module2                   =
| module3                   =
| module4                   =
| module5                   =
| module6                   =
| website                   = &lt;!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --&gt;
| footnotes                 = Fallae o the [[Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] (1803)&lt;br&gt;Fallae o the [[Society o Antiquaries o Scotland]] (1815)&lt;br&gt;Fallae o the [[American Antiquarian Society]]&lt;br&gt;Fallae o the [[Roal Leeterar Society]]&lt;br&gt;Member o the [[Ryal Hieland andAgricultural Society o Scotland|Hieland Society]]
}}
Rev '''John Jamieson''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|DD|FRSE|FSAs|FRSL}} (3 Mairch 1759 – 12 Julie 1838) wis a Scots [[meenister o releegion]], [[lexicographer]], [[philologist]] an [[antiquary]]. His maist important wirk is the ''Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language'' (1808 &amp; 1825).

==Freemit Airtins==
*[https://jamiesondictionary.com Jamieson's Dictionar o Scots]
*[http://scotsdictionary.com Jamieson's Dictionar Online] 

{{Authority control}}

{{Stub/Scotland}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamieson, John}}
[[Category:1759 births]]
[[Category:1838 daiths]]
[[Category:18t-century Presbyterian meenisters]]
[[Category:19t-century Presbyterian meenisters]]
[[Category:19t-century philologists]]
[[Category:18t-century Scots fowk]]
[[Category:19t-century Scots fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Glesga]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at the High School of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Glesga]]
[[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Princeton Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Etymologists]]
[[Category:Fallaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Fallaes o the Ryal Society o Leeteratur]]
[[Category:Historians o releegion]]
[[Category:Scots antiquarians]]
[[Category:Scots historians]]
[[Category:Scots leid]]
[[Category:Scots lexicographers]]
[[Category:Scots philologists]]
[[Category:Scots Presbyterian meenisters]]
[[Category:Members o the American Antiquarian Society]]</text>
      <sha1>nifkdnse8iqp6slupdvw9uggwhunbkd</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Prince Ludwig Ferdinand o Bavarie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>216620</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868947</id>
      <parentid>782311</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T20:13:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>411</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removin' &quot;LudwigFerdinandBayern.jpeg&quot;, it haes bin deletit frum Commons by [[commons:User:Ellywa|Ellywa]] coz: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Photographs by Josef Paul Böhm|]].</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2702" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox royalty
|prince
| name            = Prince Ludwig Ferdinand
| title           = Infante o Spain
| image           =
| caption         = 
| spouse          = {{marriage|[[Infanta María de la Paz o Spain]]&lt;br&gt;|2 April 1883|4 December 1946|end=d.}}
| house           = [[Hoose o Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]
| father          = [[Prince Adalbert o Bavarie (1828–1875)|Prince Adalbert o Bavarie]]
| mother          = [[Infanta Amalia o Spain]]
| birth_date      = {{Birth date|df=y|1859|10|22}}
| birth_place     = [[Madrid]], Spain
| death_date      = {{Death date and age|df=y|1949|11|23|1859|10|22}}
| death_place     = [[Munich]], Bavarie
| place of burial = [[St. Michael's Church, Munich|Michaelskirche]], Munich
| issue           = [[Prince Ferdinand o Bavarie|Prince Ferdinand]]&lt;br&gt;[[Prince Adalbert o Bavarie (1886–1970)|Prince Adalbert]]&lt;br&gt;[[Princess Pilar o Bavarie|Princess Pilar]]
|full name = Ludwig Ferdinand Maria Karl Heinrich Adalbert Franz Philipp Andreas Konstantin
| module = [[File:Coat of Arms of Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (Spanish Orders).svg|100px|]]
|}}
'''Prince Ludwig Ferdinand o Bavarie''' ('' Ludwig Ferdinand Maria Karl Heinrich Adalbert Franz Philipp Andreas Konstantin'';  22 October 1859 – 23 November 1949), wis a member o the Hoose o [[Wittelsbach]] an a [[General|General o Cavalry]]. Following his mairiage  tae [[Infanta María de la Paz o Spain]], he also became  [[Infante]] o Spain. His maternal grandparents were [[Infante Francisco de Paula o Spain]] an his wife [[Princess Luisa Carlotta o Bourbon-Twa Sicilies]]. Ludwig Ferdinand's paternal uncles were King [[Maximilian II o Bavarie]], King [[Otto I o Greece]] an [[Luitpold, Prince Regent o Bavarie|Prince Regent Luitpold o Bavarie]]. His maternal uncle wis King-consort [[Francis o Spain]] (1822–1902) an maternally his  a cousin wis King [[Alfonso XII o Spain]].

==Issue==

# [[Prince Ferdinand o Bavarie]] (10 Mey 1884 – 5 Aprile 1958) mairit twice an haed issue.
# [[Prince Adalbert o Bavarie (1886–1970)|Prince Adalbert o Bavarie]] (3 Juin 1886 – 29 December 1970) mairit Coontess Auguste von Seefried auf Buttenheim an haed issue.
# [[Princess Pilar o Bavarie]] (Mairch 13 1891 – Januar 29 1987) niver mairit.

==Teetles an styles==
*'''22 October 1859 – 23 November 1949''' ''[[His Ryal Highness]]'' Prince Ludwig Ferdinand o Bavarie.

[[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece (Spain)]]
[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:1949 daiths]]
[[Category:Infantes o Spain bi courtesy]]
[[Category:Princes o Bavarie]]
[[Category:Hoose o Wittelsbach (Bavarie branch)]]
[[Category:Buirials at Saun Michael's Kirk, Munich]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Ryal Order o the Seraphim]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modren Scots</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>221170</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868903</id>
      <parentid>810500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:48:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>redd up Scots</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3682" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:A_sign_on_the_Ayrshire_Coastal_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_808270.jpg|thumb|Anti-dirten sign in Modren Scots on the Ayrshire Coastal Path.]]
'''Modren Scots''' conseests o the varieties o the [[Scots leid]] tradeetionally spakken in the [[Lallans]] an pairts o [[Ulster]], fae 1700.

Oothrou hits historie, Modren Scots haes bin dreein a process o leid attrition, whaurby generation efter generation o spikkers haes adoptit mair an mair meiths fae Modren Inglis, muckle fae the colloquial register. This process o leid contact or [[Dialect|byleidisation]] unner Inglis haes acceleratit fest syne braid aiccess tae [[mass media]] in Inglis, an eikit population mobility becam available efter [[Warld War II]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A Brief History of Scots'' in Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The ''Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. {{ISBN|0-7486-1596-2}}. p. 15&lt;/ref&gt; Hit haes newlins taen on the natur o halesale leid shift taewart [[Scots Inglis]], sumtimes cried leid [[Leid chynge|chynge]], convergence ir gang thegither an aw.

By the end o the twintiet yeirhunner, Scots wis at a late stage o leid deith ower muckle o Lallan Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;Macafee C. &quot;Studying Scots Vocabulary'' in Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The ''Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. {{ISBN|0-7486-1596-2}}. p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; Remeenin Scots meiths is affen semply regairdit nouadays as [[slang]], espeicially by fowk fae ootwith Scotland, bit iven by mony Scots thaimsels.

== Byleids ==
[[File:Scotsdialects.png|thumb|323x323px|Cairt o Scots byleids]]
The Modren Scots varieties is generally dividit intae five byleid group:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15|title=SND Introduction – Dialect Districts|date=|publisher=Dsl.ac.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601130852/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15|archive-date=2013-06-01|access-date=2009-05-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Insular Scots]] – spakken in [[Orkney]] an [[Shetland]].
* [[Northren Scots]] – Spakken north o the [[Firth o Tay]].
** North Northren – spakken in [[Caithness]], Easter Ross an the [[Black Isle]].
** [[Doric|Mid Northren]] (cried North East an Doric an aw) – spakken in [[Moray]], [[Buchan]], [[Aiberdeenshire]] an Nairn .
** Sooth Northren – spakken in east [[Angus]] an the [[The Mearns|Mearns]].
* [[Central Scots]] – spakken in the [[Central Lawlands|Central Lallans]] an Sooth Wast Scotland.
** North East Central – spakken north o the [[River Forth|Forth]], in sooth east [[Perthshire]] an wast Angus.
** South East Central – spakken in [[Lowden]], Peeblesshire an [[Berwickshire]]
** Wast Central – spakken in Dunbartonshire, [[Lanrikshire]], [[Renfrewshire]], [[Inverclyde]], [[Ayrshire]], on the Isle o Bute an tae the soothren extremity of [[Kintyre]].
** South Wast Central – spakken in wast [[Dumfriesshire]], [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] an [[Wigtounshire]].
* [[Sooth Scots]] – spakken in mid an east [[Dumfriesshire]] an the [[The Mairches|Mairches]] coonties [[Selkirkshire]] and [[Roxburghshire]], in parteecular the dales o the [[River Annan|Annan]], the [[River Esk, Dumfries an Gallowa|Esk]], the [[Liddel Watter]], the [[River Teviot|Teviot]] an the Yarrow Watter. Hit is kent as the &quot;mairch tongue&quot; ir &quot;mairch Scots&quot; an aw.
* [[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster Scots]] – spokken maistly by the descendants o Scots sattlers in [[Ulster]], parteecularly coonties [[Coonty Antrim|Antrim]], [[Coonty Doun|Doun]] and [[Coonty Dunnygal|Dunnygal]]. Kent as &quot;Ullans&quot; an aw.
[[Category:Scots leid]]

==References==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868930</id>
      <parentid>868903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:43:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>eik in soorce</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3928" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:A_sign_on_the_Ayrshire_Coastal_Path_-_geograph.org.uk_-_808270.jpg|thumb|Anti-dirten sign in Modren Scots on the Ayrshire Coastal Path.]]
'''Modren Scots''' conseests o the varieties o the [[Scots leid]] tradeetionally spakken in the [[Lallans]] an pairts o [[Ulster]], fae 1700.

Oothrou hits historie, Modren Scots haes bin dreein a process o leid attrition, whaurby generation efter generation o spikkers haes adoptit mair an mair meiths fae Modren Inglis, muckle fae the colloquial register. This process o leid contact or [[Dialect|byleidisation]] unner Inglis haes acceleratit fest syne braid aiccess tae [[mass media]] in Inglis, an eikit population mobility becam available efter [[Warld War II]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A Brief History of Scots'' in Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The ''Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. {{ISBN|0-7486-1596-2}}. p. 15&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Millar|first=Robert McColl|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/100562381|title=Northern and insular Scots|date=2007|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2996-1|location=Edinburgh|pages=15|oclc=100562381}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hit haes newlins taen on the natur o halesale leid shift taewart [[Scots Inglis]], sumtimes cried leid [[Leid chynge|chynge]], convergence ir gang thegither an aw.

By the end o the twintiet yeirhunner, Scots wis at a late stage o leid deith ower muckle o Lallan Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;Macafee C. &quot;Studying Scots Vocabulary'' in Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The ''Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. {{ISBN|0-7486-1596-2}}. p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; Remeenin Scots meiths is affen semply regairdit nouadays as [[slang]], espeicially by fowk fae ootwith Scotland, bit iven by mony Scots thaimsels.

== Byleids ==
[[File:Scotsdialects.png|thumb|323x323px|Cairt o Scots byleids]]
The Modren Scots varieties is generally dividit intae five byleid group:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15|title=SND Introduction – Dialect Districts|date=|publisher=Dsl.ac.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601130852/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/INTRO/intro2.php?num=15|archive-date=2013-06-01|access-date=2009-05-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[Insular Scots]] – spakken in [[Orkney]] an [[Shetland]].
* [[Northren Scots]] – Spakken north o the [[Firth o Tay]].
** North Northren – spakken in [[Caithness]], Easter Ross an the [[Black Isle]].
** [[Doric|Mid Northren]] (cried North East an Doric an aw) – spakken in [[Moray]], [[Buchan]], [[Aiberdeenshire]] an Nairn .
** Sooth Northren – spakken in east [[Angus]] an the [[The Mearns|Mearns]].
* [[Central Scots]] – spakken in the [[Central Lawlands|Central Lallans]] an Sooth Wast Scotland.
** North East Central – spakken north o the [[River Forth|Forth]], in sooth east [[Perthshire]] an wast Angus.
** South East Central – spakken in [[Lowden]], Peeblesshire an [[Berwickshire]]
** Wast Central – spakken in Dunbartonshire, [[Lanrikshire]], [[Renfrewshire]], [[Inverclyde]], [[Ayrshire]], on the Isle o Bute an tae the soothren extremity of [[Kintyre]].
** South Wast Central – spakken in wast [[Dumfriesshire]], [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] an [[Wigtounshire]].
* [[Sooth Scots]] – spakken in mid an east [[Dumfriesshire]] an the [[The Mairches|Mairches]] coonties [[Selkirkshire]] and [[Roxburghshire]], in parteecular the dales o the [[River Annan|Annan]], the [[River Esk, Dumfries an Gallowa|Esk]], the [[Liddel Watter]], the [[River Teviot|Teviot]] an the Yarrow Watter. Hit is kent as the &quot;mairch tongue&quot; ir &quot;mairch Scots&quot; an aw.
* [[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster Scots]] – spokken maistly by the descendants o Scots sattlers in [[Ulster]], parteecularly coonties [[Coonty Antrim|Antrim]], [[Coonty Doun|Doun]] and [[Coonty Dunnygal|Dunnygal]]. Kent as &quot;Ullans&quot; an aw.
[[Category:Scots leid]]

==References==</text>
      <sha1>achz4h0tqf06qgz43onuryx8erglpzx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Militar o the Arab League</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>222134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868951</id>
      <parentid>868754</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-22T03:49:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>74.12.157.67</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7854" xml:space="preserve">The [[Arab League]] as an organisation has nae militar force, like the [[Unitit Nations]] or the [[European Union]], but recently in the 2007 summit, the Leaders decidit tae reactivate thare jynt defence an establish a peacekeeping force to deploy in {{Flag|Lebanon}},{{Flag|Iraq}}, {{SSD}}, {{Flag|Ethiopie}}, an ither het spots.

==Histerie==
The militar histerie o the Arab League is closely linked t the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]. The 1950 Arab Jynt Security Pact set oot proveesions for [[collective security]] amang the Arab states, but anelie in 1961 wis the ''[[United Arab Command#Predecessors|Jynt Arab Command]]'' (JAC) proponed as a unified military [[Command (militar formation)|command]] for the Arab League first bi the [[Jynt Defence Cooncil (Arab League)|Jynt Defence Cooncil]], an [[Insteetutions o the Arab League|insteetution o the Arab League]]. 

Before the JAC could take shape, a unanimous resolution wis passed at the [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|first Arab League summit]] (Januar 1964) establishing the [[Unitit Arab Command]] (UAC), awtho the UAC's inactivity follaein the [[Samu Incident]] (1966) an durin the [[Six-Day War]] (1967) signalled its ''[[de facto]]'' dissolution.

===Arab Liberation Airmy===
The [[Arab Liberation Airmy]] (جيش الإنقاذ العربي ''Jaysh al-Inqadh al-Arabi''), also translated as '''Arab Salvation Airmy''', wis an airmy of volunteers frae [[Arab]] kintras led by [[Fawzi al-Qawuqji]]. It focht on the Arab side in the [[1948 Palestine war]] an wis set up bi the [[Arab League]] as a coonter tae the [[Arab Heich Committee]]'s [[Haly War Airmy]], tho in fact the League an Arab govrennments preventit thoosands frae jynin aither force.&lt;ref&gt;Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7146-3439-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

At the meeting in [[Damascus]] on 5 Februar 1948 tae organise Palestinian Field Commands, Northern [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] includin [[Samaria]] wis allocatit tae Qawuqji's forces, awtho Samaria wis ''de facto'' already unner the control of [[Jordan|Transjordan]].&lt;ref&gt;Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7146-3439-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Arab League Militar Committee, wi heidquarters in Damascus, wis responsible for the muivements an servicin o the Airmy. The Committee conseestit o General Ismail Safwat (Iraq, Commander-in-Chief), General [[Taha al-Hashimi]] (Iraq), Colonel Shuqayri (Lebanon), Colonel Muhammed al-Hindi (Sirie) an Colonel Abd al-Qadir al-Jundi (Transjordan).

The ALA wis dissolved at the end o the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.&lt;ref&gt;Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7146-3439-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Current strength==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!N
!Kintra
!Militar Service Age
!Militar Manpouer Availability
!Militar Manpouer Fit 
!Active Militar Personnel
!Reserve Militar Personnel
|-
|01.
|[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|30px|border]] [[Algerie Fowk's Naitional Airmed Forces|Republic o Algerie]]
|19
|20,400,000
|17,250,000
|130,000
|150,000
|-
|02.
|[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|30px|border]] [[Bahrain Defence Force|Bahrain]]
|18
|800,000
|680,000
|18,200 
|35,805
|-
|03.
|[[File:Flag of Comoros.svg|30px|border]] [[Militar o the Comoros|Comoros]]
|18
|139,491
|205,207
|1,000
|N?A
|-
|04.
|[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|30px|border]] [[Djibouti Airmed Forces|Djibouti]]
|18
|391,797
|268,730
|20,470 
|12,220 
|-
|05.
|[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|30px|border]] [[Egyptian Airmed Forces|Republic o Egyp]]
|18
|20,772,105
|18,479,612
|438,500
|479,000
|-
|06.
|[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|30px|border]] [[Iraqi Airmed Forces|Republic o Iraq]]
|18
|11,512,731
|9,701,179
|64,000
|N?A
|-
|07.
|[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|30px|border]] [[Jordanian Airmed Forces|Kinrick o Jordan]]
|17
|2,920,637
|2,506,087
|110,700 
|65,000
|-
|08.
|[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|30px|border]] [[Kuwait Militar Forces|State o Kuwait]]
|18
|1,619,438
|1,346,118
|58,300
|57,285
|-
|09.
|[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|30px|border]] [[Lebanese Airmed Forces|Lebanon]]
|18
|2,229,474
|1,883,155
|72,000 
|20,000
|-
|10.
|[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|30px|border]] [[Libie Naitional Airmy|State o Libie]]
|18
|3,489,272
|2,970,078
|35,000
|65,000
|-
|11.
|[[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|30px|border]] [[Militar o Mauritanie|Mauritanie]]
|18
|1,214,418
|754,782
|15,870
|5,000
|-
|12.
| [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|30px|border]] [[Ryal Moroccan Airmed Forces|Kinrick o Morocco]]
|18
|15,791,743
|13,160,516
|198,000
|175,000
|-
|13.
|[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|30px|border]] [[Sultan o Oman's Airmed Forces|Sultanate o Oman]]
|18
|1,228,492
|1,016,551
|75,000
|35,000
|-
|14.
|[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|30px|border]][[Palestinian Naitional Security Forces|Philistine]]
|17
|N?A
|N?A
|N?A
|N?A
|-
|15.
|[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|30px|border]][[Qatar Airmed Forces|State o Qatar]]
|18
|555,059
|462,150
|67,000 
|N?A
|-
|16.
|[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|30px|border]] [[Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie|Kinrick o Saudia]]
|18
|15,240,714
|4,725,514
|688,000 
|127,000
|-
|17.
|[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|30px|border]] [[Sudanese Airmed Forces|Sudan's Republic]]
|18
|16,427,378
|11,077,040
|109,300
|85,000
|-
|18
|[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|30px|border]] [[Sirian Airmed Forces|Sirie's Republic]]
|18
|11,550,588
|9,939,661
|142,000
|150,000
|-
|19.
|[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|30px|border]] [[Tunisie Airmed Forces|Republic o Tunisie]]
|18
|4,848,103
|4,036,188
|40,500 
|20,000
|-
|20.
|[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|30px|border]] [[Union Defence Force (UAE)|Unitit Arab Emirates]]
|18
|752,707
|412,490
|63,000
|180,000 
|-
|21.
|[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|30px|border]] [[Republic o Yemen Airmed Forces|Republic o Yemen]]
|18
|7,926,335
|5,583,111
|30,000 
|N?A
|-
|_
|'''[[File:Flag of the Arab League.svg|30px|border]] [[Arab League]]'''
|'''18'''
|'''129,983,640'''
|'''119,039,543'''
|'''1,828,840+'''
| '''1,694,310+'''
|-
|}

==Leet o Arab League member states bi militar expenditure==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!N
!Kintra
!Militar expenditure
|-
|[#01.]
|{{ALG}}
|$13.00± Billions +
|-
|[#02.]=
|{{BHR}}
|$01.48 Billion + 
|-
|[#03.]
|{{COM}}&lt;s/&gt;
|$01.38± Billion +
|-
|[#04.]
|{{DJI}}
|$01.38 Billion +
|-
|#[05.]
|{{EGY}}
|$24.97± Billion +
|-
|[#06.]
|{{IRQ}}
|$10.98± Billions +
|-
|[#07.]
|{{JOR}}
|$02.50± Billions +
|-
|[#08.]
|{{KWT}}
|$15.00± Billions +
|-
|[#09.]
|{{LIB}}
|$01.75 Billions +
|-
|[#10.]
|{{LBY}}
|$03.00 Billions +
|-
|[#11.]
|{{MRT}}
|$01.49 Billions +
|-
|[#12.]
|{{MAR}}
|$03.40± Billions +
|-
|[#13.]
|{{OMN}}
|$10.77± Billions +
|-
|[#14.]=
|{{QAT}}
|$02. 71± Billions +
|-
|[#15.]=
|{{SAU}}
|$56.98± Billions +
|-
|[#16.]
|{{SUD}}
|$03.13± Billions +*  
|-
|[#17.]
|{{SYR}}&lt;S&gt;.
|$13.31± Billions +
|-
|[#18.]
|{{TUN}}
|$01.49 Billion + 
|-
|[#19.]=
|{{ALB}}&lt;S&gt;
|$01.49± Billion+*
|-
|[#20.]=
|{{UAE}}
|$22.9 Billions +
|-
|[#21.]
|{{YEM}}
|$03.50± Billions +*
|-
|_
|'''{{flag|Arab League}}'''
|'''$ 197.49± Billions +'''
|-
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2018/02/26/ten-strongest-military-forces-middle-east/?sh=1e393a5916a2&lt;/Ref&gt;.

==Jynt Military Force==
In 2015 the heids o Arab League kintras agreed tae form a jynt Arab militar force. This force waud comprise some 42,000 elite truips, supportit b war planes, naval vessels an licht airmour.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32106939&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==

{{Reflist}}
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32106939] *
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html CIA World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107142508/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html |date=2017-11-07 }}
[[Category:Arab League]]</text>
      <sha1>k3f2fr1u3xqctxrw4ogwb3e0yhyxikr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>868952</id>
      <parentid>868951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-22T04:05:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>74.12.157.67</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Leet o Arab League member states bi militar expenditure */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7853" xml:space="preserve">The [[Arab League]] as an organisation has nae militar force, like the [[Unitit Nations]] or the [[European Union]], but recently in the 2007 summit, the Leaders decidit tae reactivate thare jynt defence an establish a peacekeeping force to deploy in {{Flag|Lebanon}},{{Flag|Iraq}}, {{SSD}}, {{Flag|Ethiopie}}, an ither het spots.

==Histerie==
The militar histerie o the Arab League is closely linked t the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]. The 1950 Arab Jynt Security Pact set oot proveesions for [[collective security]] amang the Arab states, but anelie in 1961 wis the ''[[United Arab Command#Predecessors|Jynt Arab Command]]'' (JAC) proponed as a unified military [[Command (militar formation)|command]] for the Arab League first bi the [[Jynt Defence Cooncil (Arab League)|Jynt Defence Cooncil]], an [[Insteetutions o the Arab League|insteetution o the Arab League]]. 

Before the JAC could take shape, a unanimous resolution wis passed at the [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|first Arab League summit]] (Januar 1964) establishing the [[Unitit Arab Command]] (UAC), awtho the UAC's inactivity follaein the [[Samu Incident]] (1966) an durin the [[Six-Day War]] (1967) signalled its ''[[de facto]]'' dissolution.

===Arab Liberation Airmy===
The [[Arab Liberation Airmy]] (جيش الإنقاذ العربي ''Jaysh al-Inqadh al-Arabi''), also translated as '''Arab Salvation Airmy''', wis an airmy of volunteers frae [[Arab]] kintras led by [[Fawzi al-Qawuqji]]. It focht on the Arab side in the [[1948 Palestine war]] an wis set up bi the [[Arab League]] as a coonter tae the [[Arab Heich Committee]]'s [[Haly War Airmy]], tho in fact the League an Arab govrennments preventit thoosands frae jynin aither force.&lt;ref&gt;Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7146-3439-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

At the meeting in [[Damascus]] on 5 Februar 1948 tae organise Palestinian Field Commands, Northern [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] includin [[Samaria]] wis allocatit tae Qawuqji's forces, awtho Samaria wis ''de facto'' already unner the control of [[Jordan|Transjordan]].&lt;ref&gt;Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7146-3439-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Arab League Militar Committee, wi heidquarters in Damascus, wis responsible for the muivements an servicin o the Airmy. The Committee conseestit o General Ismail Safwat (Iraq, Commander-in-Chief), General [[Taha al-Hashimi]] (Iraq), Colonel Shuqayri (Lebanon), Colonel Muhammed al-Hindi (Sirie) an Colonel Abd al-Qadir al-Jundi (Transjordan).

The ALA wis dissolved at the end o the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.&lt;ref&gt;Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-7146-3439-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Current strength==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!N
!Kintra
!Militar Service Age
!Militar Manpouer Availability
!Militar Manpouer Fit 
!Active Militar Personnel
!Reserve Militar Personnel
|-
|01.
|[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|30px|border]] [[Algerie Fowk's Naitional Airmed Forces|Republic o Algerie]]
|19
|20,400,000
|17,250,000
|130,000
|150,000
|-
|02.
|[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|30px|border]] [[Bahrain Defence Force|Bahrain]]
|18
|800,000
|680,000
|18,200 
|35,805
|-
|03.
|[[File:Flag of Comoros.svg|30px|border]] [[Militar o the Comoros|Comoros]]
|18
|139,491
|205,207
|1,000
|N?A
|-
|04.
|[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|30px|border]] [[Djibouti Airmed Forces|Djibouti]]
|18
|391,797
|268,730
|20,470 
|12,220 
|-
|05.
|[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|30px|border]] [[Egyptian Airmed Forces|Republic o Egyp]]
|18
|20,772,105
|18,479,612
|438,500
|479,000
|-
|06.
|[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|30px|border]] [[Iraqi Airmed Forces|Republic o Iraq]]
|18
|11,512,731
|9,701,179
|64,000
|N?A
|-
|07.
|[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|30px|border]] [[Jordanian Airmed Forces|Kinrick o Jordan]]
|17
|2,920,637
|2,506,087
|110,700 
|65,000
|-
|08.
|[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|30px|border]] [[Kuwait Militar Forces|State o Kuwait]]
|18
|1,619,438
|1,346,118
|58,300
|57,285
|-
|09.
|[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|30px|border]] [[Lebanese Airmed Forces|Lebanon]]
|18
|2,229,474
|1,883,155
|72,000 
|20,000
|-
|10.
|[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|30px|border]] [[Libie Naitional Airmy|State o Libie]]
|18
|3,489,272
|2,970,078
|35,000
|65,000
|-
|11.
|[[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|30px|border]] [[Militar o Mauritanie|Mauritanie]]
|18
|1,214,418
|754,782
|15,870
|5,000
|-
|12.
| [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|30px|border]] [[Ryal Moroccan Airmed Forces|Kinrick o Morocco]]
|18
|15,791,743
|13,160,516
|198,000
|175,000
|-
|13.
|[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|30px|border]] [[Sultan o Oman's Airmed Forces|Sultanate o Oman]]
|18
|1,228,492
|1,016,551
|75,000
|35,000
|-
|14.
|[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|30px|border]][[Palestinian Naitional Security Forces|Philistine]]
|17
|N?A
|N?A
|N?A
|N?A
|-
|15.
|[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|30px|border]][[Qatar Airmed Forces|State o Qatar]]
|18
|555,059
|462,150
|67,000 
|N?A
|-
|16.
|[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|30px|border]] [[Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie|Kinrick o Saudia]]
|18
|15,240,714
|4,725,514
|688,000 
|127,000
|-
|17.
|[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|30px|border]] [[Sudanese Airmed Forces|Sudan's Republic]]
|18
|16,427,378
|11,077,040
|109,300
|85,000
|-
|18
|[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|30px|border]] [[Sirian Airmed Forces|Sirie's Republic]]
|18
|11,550,588
|9,939,661
|142,000
|150,000
|-
|19.
|[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|30px|border]] [[Tunisie Airmed Forces|Republic o Tunisie]]
|18
|4,848,103
|4,036,188
|40,500 
|20,000
|-
|20.
|[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|30px|border]] [[Union Defence Force (UAE)|Unitit Arab Emirates]]
|18
|752,707
|412,490
|63,000
|180,000 
|-
|21.
|[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|30px|border]] [[Republic o Yemen Airmed Forces|Republic o Yemen]]
|18
|7,926,335
|5,583,111
|30,000 
|N?A
|-
|_
|'''[[File:Flag of the Arab League.svg|30px|border]] [[Arab League]]'''
|'''18'''
|'''129,983,640'''
|'''119,039,543'''
|'''1,828,840+'''
| '''1,694,310+'''
|-
|}

==Leet o Arab League member states bi militar expenditure==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!N
!Kintra
!Militar expenditure
|-
|[#01.]
|{{ALG}}
|$13.00± Billions +
|-
|[#02.]=
|{{BHR}}
|$01.48 Billion + 
|-
|[#03.]
|{{COM}}&lt;s/&gt;
|$01.38± Billion +
|-
|[#04.]
|{{DJI}}
|$01.38 Billion +
|-
|#[05.]
|{{EGY}}
|$24.97± Billion +
|-
|[#06.]
|{{IRQ}}
|$10.98± Billions +
|-
|[#07.]
|{{JOR}}
|$02.50± Billions +
|-
|[#08.]
|{{KWT}}
|$15.00± Billions +
|-
|[#09.]
|{{LIB}}
|$01.75 Billions +
|-
|[#10.]
|{{LBY}}
|$03.00 Billions +
|-
|[#11.]
|{{MRT}}
|$01.49 Billions +
|-
|[#12.]
|{{MAR}}
|$03.40± Billions +
|-
|[#13.]
|{{OMN}}
|$10.77± Billions +
|-
|[#14.]=
|{{QAT}}
|$02. 71± Billions +
|-
|[#15.]=
|{{SAU}}
|$56.98± Billions +
|-
|[#16.]
|{{SUD}}
|$03.13± Billions +*  
|-
|[#17.]
|{{SYR}}&lt;S&gt;.
|$13.31± Billions +
|-
|[#18.]
|{{TUN}}
|$01.49 Billion + 
|-
|[#19.]=
|{{ALB}}&lt;S&gt;
|$01.49± Billion+*
|-
|[#20.]
|{{UAE}}
|$22.9 Billions +
|-
|[#21.]
|{{YEM}}
|$03.50± Billions +*
|-
|_
|'''{{flag|Arab League}}'''
|'''$ 197.49± Billions +'''
|-
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2018/02/26/ten-strongest-military-forces-middle-east/?sh=1e393a5916a2&lt;/Ref&gt;.

==Jynt Military Force==
In 2015 the heids o Arab League kintras agreed tae form a jynt Arab militar force. This force waud comprise some 42,000 elite truips, supportit b war planes, naval vessels an licht airmour.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32106939&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==

{{Reflist}}
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32106939] *
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html CIA World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107142508/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html |date=2017-11-07 }}
[[Category:Arab League]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Norlin Airlan Executive</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>868943</id>
      <parentid>856674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T19:00:18Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Munci</username>
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      <comment>redd up Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="2728" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Devolved government o Norlin Airlan}}
{{Infobox executive government
| government_name = Norlin Airlan Executive
| border = devolved
| type = executive
| image = Northern Ireland Executive logo.svg
|image_size=220px| date = {{start date|1999|12|2|df=y}}
| country = [[Norlin Airlan]]
| address = Stormont Castle, Stormont Estate, [[Bilfawst]]
|url={{URL|northernireland.gov.uk}}| leader_title = First Minister an First Minister depute
| appointed = [[Norlin Airlan Assemlie]]
| budget = {{GBP}}12.2 billion (2020-21)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.finance-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/dfp/Budget%202020-21%20-%20Ministerial%20Statement.pdf|title=Budget 2020-21|website=Department of Finance, Northern Ireland Executive|access-date=10 July 2020|last=Murphy|first=Conor}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| main_organ = Executive Committee
}}
Tha '''Norlin Airlan Executive''' ({{lang-ga|Feidhmeannas Thuaisceart Éireann}}; [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: {{lang|en|Northern Ireland Executive}}) is tha devolved govrenment o [[Norlin Airlan]], an administrative pairt o tha [[Norlin Airlan Assemlie]]. It's answerable to tha assemlie and wus initially sat up bi tha terms o tha [[Norlin Airlan Act 1998]], that follaed tha [[Guid Frydey Greeance]] (Bilfawst Greeance). Tha executive is cawed tha '''Executive Committee''' o tha assemlie in tha legislation. It's an ensample o govrenment whutch is cuman tae wirk thegither (consociationalist).

Tha Norlin Airlan Executive consists o tha First Minister an First Minister depute an various ministers with individual portfolios and remits. Tha main assembly pairties appoint maist ministers in tha executive, except for tha Minister of Justice who is elected bi a cross-community vote. It is yin o three devolved govrenments in tha [[Unitit Kinrick]], tha ithers bein tha [[Scots Pairlament|Scots]] an [[Welsh Govrenment|Welsh Govrenments]]&lt;!-- The name &quot;Welsh Assembly Government&quot; was changed to &quot;Welsh Government&quot; in May 2011 --&gt;.

In Januar 2017, tha First Minister depute resinged ower [[Renewable Heat Incentive scandal|a stramash anent tha Renewable Heat Incentive]], an tha Norlin Airlan Executive clyted. Civil servants luiked ower tha govrenance of Norlin Airlan in a janitorial capacity till Januar 2020, whan tha pairties cum tae a greeance an tha Executive wis efter restairtit.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Links outwith==
* [http://www.northernireland.gov.uk Northern Ireland Executive]
* [http://www.nidirect.gov.uk ni direct / te direach portal]

[[Category:Northren Ireland]]
[[Category:Govrenment biggins in Northren Ireland]]
[[Category:Biggins o the Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Ulster Scots leid]]
{{stub/NIreland}}
{{byleid|Ulster Scots}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Orcadian</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>224592</id>
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      <parentid>802264</parentid>
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      <text bytes="1443" xml:space="preserve">{{for|fowk fae the Orkney ilands|The Orkneys}}
{{distinguish|Norn leid}}
'''Orcadian''' is a [[byleid]] o [[Insular Scots]], itsel a byleid o [[Scots leid|Scots]]. Orcadian is spake in [[Orkney]], north o mainland [[Scotland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rowe&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Rowe |first1=Mark |title=Orkney |date=2019 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-78477-630-5 |page=33 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=feqVDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA33 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Auld Norse]] wis introduced tae the Orkneys wi the [[Vikings]] at the same speel they teuk thair leid tae [[Shetland]], the [[Faroe Islands]] an [[Iceland]]; afore lang, thay becam leids o their ain ([[Shetlandic]], [[Faroese leid|Faroese]], [[Icelandic leid|Icelandic]] an the umwhile [[Norn leid|Norn]]). Orcadian wis first introduced in 1468 whan the Orkneys became airts o Scotland as a merger o Norn an Scots, the leid o officialdom an commerce.

Whan Norn deed oot as a leid in its ain richt, Orcadian becam the main leid o the iland. Nouadays, thare muckle buiks screiven in the Orcadian byleid, for ensample a owersettin o ''[[The Gruffalo]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rowe&quot; /&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Bungee leid]]

==Links outwith==
* [http://www.orkneydictionary.scot/ The Orkney Dictionary]
* [http://www.orkneyjar.com/orkney/dialect/index.html Orkneyjar.com]

[[Category:Orcadian cultur]]
[[Category:Scots dialects]]
{{stub/Scotland}}{{Stub/The Orkneys}}{{stub/Leid}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Notes on Nationalism</title>
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[[File:George Orwell press photo.jpg|thumb|[[George Orwell]]]]
'''''Notes on Nationalism''''' is a weel-kent essay scrieved in Mey 1945 bi [[George Orwell]] in the jurnal ''Polemic'', follaeing the [[Warld War II|Seicont Warld War]]. In the essay, Orwell gies an description o [[naitionalism]], that he descreives as:
{{quote|... first of all the habit of assuming that human beings can be classified like insects and that whole blocks of millions or tens of millions of people can be confidently labelled 'good' or 'bad.' ... [and] the habit of identifying oneself with a single nation or other unit, placing it beyond good and evil and recognising no other duty than that of advancing its interests.&lt;ref name=&quot;LH&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=What George Orwell Wrote About the Dangers of Nationalism |url=https://lithub.com/what-george-orwell-wrote-about-the-dangers-of-nationalism/ |website=Literary Hub |date=16 November 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Here, he links naitionalism to [[Pouer (social an poleetical)|pouer politics]] an gies ensamples o ''Positive Nationalism'' (fae a bodie's ain kintra; e.g., [[Celtic naitionalism]] or [[Zionism]]), ''Negative Nationalism'' (filk is against anither group; e.g., [[Antisemitism]] or anti-[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Trotskyism]]), an ''Transferred Nationalism'' (identification wi a [[race]], [[class]], or kintra ither than a bodie's ain). He gies a disctinction atween this ''naitionalism'' an ''[[patriotism]]'' forby.  &quot;''Patriotism is of its nature defensive.... Nationalism, on the other hand, is inseparable from the desire for power.''&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;LH&quot;/&gt;

Ae observation makkit bi Orwell, that is that it is anely nationalists fa pit ony amoont o importance ontae the uiss o Scots,{{efn|Quote: &quot;All nationalists consider it a duty to spread their own language to the detriment of rival languages, and among English-speakers this struggle reappears in subtler form as a struggle between dialects. Anglophobe Americans will refuse to use a slang phrase if they know it to be of British origin, and the conflict between Latinizers and Germanizers often has nationalist motives behind it. Scottish nationalists insist on the superiority of Lowland Scots, and Socialists whose nationalism takes the form of class hatred tirade against the B.B.C. accent and even the broad A.&quot;}} haes been criticised bi Scots-leid speakers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Uri |first1=Antonia |title=The Scots leid is for aa, nae jist for nationalists |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/17239284.scots-leid-aa-nae-jist-nationalists/ |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=The National |date=22 November 2018 |language=sco}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Notes on Nationalism'' haes been uised bi fowk on the [[Richt-weeng politics|richt-weeng o politics]] (includin umwhile [[Scots Tory an Unionist Pairty|Scots Tory]] leader [[Ruth Davidson]]) tae argie agin '''identity politics''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Unit |first1=The Constitution |title=‘Nationalism should not be confused with patriotism’ – Ruth Davidson delivers the Orwell Prize Shortlist Lecture |url=https://constitution-unit.com/2017/05/29/nationalism-should-not-be-confused-with-patriotism-ruth-davidson-delivers-the-orwell-prize-shortlist-lecture/ |work=The Constitution Unit Blog |date=29 May 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=If Labour want help with patriotism, they should read Orwell - The Post |url=https://unherd.com/thepost/if-labour-wants-help-with-patriotism-they-should-read-orwell/ |website=UnHerd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

== Links outwith ==

* [http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0300011h.html#part30 : Notes on Nationalism] – Original essay {{in|en}}. [[Public domain]] in Australie and Roushie.

[[Category:Scots leid]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cromarty byleid</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>redd up Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="2553" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language|name=Cromarty Scots|fam5=[[Anglic leids|Anglic]]|linglist=|isoexception=byleid|fam9=Black Isle|fam8=[[North Northren Scots]]|fam7=[[Northren Scots]]|fam6=[[Scots leid|Scots]]|fam4=[[Anglo-Frisian leids|Anglo-Frisian]]|nativename=|fam3=[[Wast Germanic leids|Wast Germanic]]|fam2=[[Germanic leids|Germanic]]|familycolor=Indo-European|extinct=2 October 2012, wi the deith o Bobby Hogg&lt;ref name=&quot;Extinct&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-robert-bobby-hogg-engineer-and-last-speaker-of-the-cromarty-dialect-1-2576251 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-20 |archive-date=2019-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225210048/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-robert-bobby-hogg-engineer-and-last-speaker-of-the-cromarty-dialect-1-2576251 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region=[[Cromarty]]|states=[[Scotland]]|glotto=none}}The '''Cromarty byleid''' o [[Northren Scots|North Northern Scots]] wis spaken in [[Cromarty]], [[Scotland]]. The [[byleid]] springheidit fae fowk thit hed flittit north fae the [[Firth o Forth]] in the 15t an 16t yearhunners. The last hamlet spikker o the byleid, Bobby Hogg, dee'd in 2012 at age 92.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2009-05-05 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/highlands_and_islands/8033355.stm |title=Rare fisherfolk dialect recorded |work=BBC News |access-date=2020-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2007-02-21 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1543318/Brothers-are-last-to-speak-dialect.html |title=Brothers are last to speak dialect |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |access-date=2020-10-18 |author=Auslan Cramb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2007-02-26 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/feb/26/features11.g21 |title=Anyone here speak Cromarty fisher? |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=2020-10-18 |author=Matt Kennard}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afore his deith, Hogg pit thegither a beukie o tradeetional wirds an phrases. The [[Hieland (cooncil aurie)|Hieland Cooncil]] producit a beukie anent the byleid forby.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202061539/http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/download/files/The%20Cromarty%20Fisherfolk%20Dialect.pdf |title=The Cromarty Fisherfolk Dialect |publisher=Am Baile, The Highland Council's History and Culture website (on Internet Archive)|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The byleid haed a hivy influence fae baith [[Hieland Inglis]] an [[Scots Gaelic]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Extinct leids o Scotland]]
[[Category:Scots dialects]]
[[Category:Leids withoot Glottolog code]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stanley Robertson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T17:52:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cræftit bi owersetin the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/735089954|Stanley Robertson]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="273" xml:space="preserve">'''Stanley (Stan) Robertson''' mith refer tae:

* Stanley Robertson (folk singer) (1940–2009), Scots fowk sangster an upmakker
* Stanley Robertson, physicist wha proponed the concep o magnetospheric fur aye incomin objecks
{{Human name disambiguation|Robertson, Stanley}}</text>
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      <id>868905</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
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      <comment>eik in links</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="281" xml:space="preserve">'''Stanley (Stan) Robertson''' mith refer tae:

* [[Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]] (1940–2009), Scots fowk sangster an upmakker
* [[Stanley Robertson, physicist]] wha proponed the concep o magnetospheric fur aye incomin objecks
{{Human name disambiguation|Robertson, Stanley}}</text>
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    <title>Stanley Robertson (fowk sangster)</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:01:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cræftit bi owersetin the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1055186349|Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox bodie|name=Stanley Robertson|image=File:Stanley Robertson.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=Stanley Robertson tellin a sonnet at the Barrie Nicht in the Aberdeen Arts Centre on the 26t Januar 2004|birth_name=William Stanley Robertson|birth_date=8 June 1940|birth_place=[[Aberdeen]], Scotland|death_date=2t August 2009|death_place=Aiberdeen, Scotland|death_cause=|resting_place=Old Lumphanan Kirkyard, Aberdeenshire|residence=|other_names=|ethnicity=|citizenship=|education=|alma_mater=|occupation=Sangster, sangwriter, upmakker|years_active=1950s–2009|employer=|home_town=|salary=|children=Anthony, Clifford, Dale, Gabrielle, Nicole an Robert|parents=|callsign=|awards=|website=|signature=|footnotes=|networth=|spouse=Johnanne Robertson|relations=}}
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|ethnicityStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|salaryStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|resting_place_co-ordinate...Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Stanley Robertson''' (8 June 1940 – 2 August 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obituaries – Stanley Robertson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/oct/07/stanley-robertson-obituary|access-date=21 March 2016|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;) wis a Scots upmakker, ballad sangster, an [[Bagpipe|piper]].

He wis born in [[Aiberdeen|Aberdeen]] in 1940&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Exodus to Alford|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1988|isbn=0-9509792-6-0|location=Nairn|pages=214}}&lt;/ref&gt; intae a Traiveller faimlie at haed sattlet yonder. Frae his untie, fowk sangstress Jeannie Robertson, an ithers includin his faither,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tobar an Dualchais|url=https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/91117?l=en|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Tobar an Dualchais|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he inheritit a huge repertoire o northeast ballads.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Nyakim's Windows|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1989|isbn=0-9509792-7-9|location=Nairn|pages=212}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis the keyworker for the Heritage Lottery-fundit &quot;Oral and Cultural Traditions of Scottish Travellers&quot; project at the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, frae April 2002 til April 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Associates – Stanley Robertson|url=http://abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/people/former-associates.php#SR|access-date=21 March 2016|publisher=Elphinstone Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/6068547/Stanley-Robertson.html Stanley Robertson Daily Telegraph obituary]
* [https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/search?l=en&amp;term=%22Robertson%2C+Stanley%2C+1940-2009+%282895%29%22&amp;type=archival_object Archive of 37 recordings of ballads sung by Stanley Robertson]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:21st-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Breetish dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:Scots dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:2009 daiths]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Scots sangwriters]]</text>
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      <comment>Munci muived page [[Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]] til [[Stanley Robertson (fowk sangster)]]: redd up Scots</comment>
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{{Infobox bodie|name=Stanley Robertson|image=File:Stanley Robertson.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=Stanley Robertson tellin a sonnet at the Barrie Nicht in the Aberdeen Arts Centre on the 26t Januar 2004|birth_name=William Stanley Robertson|birth_date=8 June 1940|birth_place=[[Aberdeen]], Scotland|death_date=2t August 2009|death_place=Aiberdeen, Scotland|death_cause=|resting_place=Old Lumphanan Kirkyard, Aberdeenshire|residence=|other_names=|ethnicity=|citizenship=|education=|alma_mater=|occupation=Sangster, sangwriter, upmakker|years_active=1950s–2009|employer=|home_town=|salary=|children=Anthony, Clifford, Dale, Gabrielle, Nicole an Robert|parents=|callsign=|awards=|website=|signature=|footnotes=|networth=|spouse=Johnanne Robertson|relations=}}
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|ethnicityStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|salaryStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|resting_place_co-ordinate...Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Stanley Robertson''' (8 June 1940 – 2 August 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obituaries – Stanley Robertson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/oct/07/stanley-robertson-obituary|access-date=21 March 2016|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;) wis a Scots upmakker, ballad sangster, an [[Bagpipe|piper]].

He wis born in [[Aiberdeen|Aberdeen]] in 1940&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Exodus to Alford|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1988|isbn=0-9509792-6-0|location=Nairn|pages=214}}&lt;/ref&gt; intae a Traiveller faimlie at haed sattlet yonder. Frae his untie, fowk sangstress Jeannie Robertson, an ithers includin his faither,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tobar an Dualchais|url=https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/91117?l=en|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Tobar an Dualchais|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he inheritit a huge repertoire o northeast ballads.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Nyakim's Windows|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1989|isbn=0-9509792-7-9|location=Nairn|pages=212}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis the keyworker for the Heritage Lottery-fundit &quot;Oral and Cultural Traditions of Scottish Travellers&quot; project at the Elphinstone Institute, University of Aberdeen, frae April 2002 til April 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Associates – Stanley Robertson|url=http://abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/people/former-associates.php#SR|access-date=21 March 2016|publisher=Elphinstone Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/6068547/Stanley-Robertson.html Stanley Robertson Daily Telegraph obituary]
* [https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/search?l=en&amp;term=%22Robertson%2C+Stanley%2C+1940-2009+%282895%29%22&amp;type=archival_object Archive of 37 recordings of ballads sung by Stanley Robertson]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:21st-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Breetish dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:Scots dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:2009 daiths]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Scots sangwriters]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868916</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:20:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>redd up Scots</comment>
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{{Infobox bodie|name=Stanley Robertson|image=File:Stanley Robertson.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=Stanley Robertson tellin a sonnet at the Barrie Nicht in the Aberdeen Arts Centre on the 26t Januar 2004|birth_name=William Stanley Robertson|birth_date=8 June 1940|birth_place=[[Aberdeen]], Scotland|death_date=2t August 2009|death_place=Aiberdeen, Scotland|death_cause=|resting_place=Old Lumphanan Kirkyard, Aberdeenshire|residence=|other_names=|ethnicity=|citizenship=|education=|alma_mater=|occupation=Sangster, sangwriter, upmakker|years_active=1950s–2009|employer=|home_town=|salary=|children=Anthony, Clifford, Dale, Gabrielle, Nicole an Robert|parents=|callsign=|awards=|website=|signature=|footnotes=|networth=|spouse=Johnanne Robertson|relations=}}
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|ethnicityStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|salaryStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|resting_place_co-ordinate...Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Stanley Robertson''' (8 June 1940 – 2 August 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obituaries – Stanley Robertson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/oct/07/stanley-robertson-obituary|access-date=21 March 2016|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;) wis a Scots upmakker, ballad sangster, an [[Bagpipe|piper]].

He wis born in [[Aiberdeen|Aberdeen]] in 1940&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Exodus to Alford|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1988|isbn=0-9509792-6-0|location=Nairn|pages=214}}&lt;/ref&gt; intae a Traiveller faimlie at haed sattlet yonder. Frae his untie (fowk sangstress Jeannie Robertson) an ithers amang wham his faither,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tobar an Dualchais|url=https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/91117?l=en|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Tobar an Dualchais|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he wis heir tae a repertoire repertoire o northeast ballads.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Nyakim's Windows|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1989|isbn=0-9509792-7-9|location=Nairn|pages=212}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis the keywirker for the Heritage Lottery-foonit &quot;Oral and Cultural Traditions of Scottish Travellers&quot; project at the Elphinstone Institute o Aiberdeen Varsity, frae April 2002 til April 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Associates – Stanley Robertson|url=http://abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/people/former-associates.php#SR|access-date=21 March 2016|publisher=Elphinstone Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/6068547/Stanley-Robertson.html Stanley Robertson Daily Telegraph obituary]
* [https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/search?l=en&amp;term=%22Robertson%2C+Stanley%2C+1940-2009+%282895%29%22&amp;type=archival_object Archive of 37 recordings of ballads sung by Stanley Robertson]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:21st-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Breetish dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:Scots dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:2009 daiths]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Scots sangwriters]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868917</id>
      <parentid>868916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:21:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>redd up Scots</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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{{Infobox bodie|name=Stanley Robertson|image=File:Stanley Robertson.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=Stanley Robertson tellin a sonnet at the Barrie Nicht in the Aberdeen Arts Centre on the 26t Januar 2004|birth_name=William Stanley Robertson|birth_date=8 June 1940|birth_place=[[Aiberdeen]], Scotland|death_date=2t August 2009|death_place=Aiberdeen, Scotland|death_cause=|resting_place=Old Lumphanan Kirkyard, Aberdeenshire|residence=|other_names=|ethnicity=|citizenship=|education=|alma_mater=|occupation=Sangster, sangwriter, upmakker|years_active=1950s–2009|employer=|home_town=|salary=|children=Anthony, Clifford, Dale, Gabrielle, Nicole an Robert|parents=|callsign=|awards=|website=|signature=|footnotes=|networth=|spouse=Johnanne Robertson|relations=}}
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|ethnicityStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|salaryStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|resting_place_co-ordinate...Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Stanley Robertson''' (8 June 1940 – 2 August 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obituaries – Stanley Robertson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/oct/07/stanley-robertson-obituary|access-date=21 March 2016|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;) wis a Scots upmakker, ballad sangster, an [[Bagpipe|piper]].

He wis born in [[Aiberdeen|Aberdeen]] in 1940&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Exodus to Alford|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1988|isbn=0-9509792-6-0|location=Nairn|pages=214}}&lt;/ref&gt; intae a Traiveller faimlie at haed sattlet yonder. Frae his untie (fowk sangstress Jeannie Robertson) an ithers amang wham his faither,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tobar an Dualchais|url=https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/91117?l=en|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Tobar an Dualchais|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he wis heir tae a repertoire repertoire o northeast ballads.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Nyakim's Windows|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1989|isbn=0-9509792-7-9|location=Nairn|pages=212}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis the keywirker for the Heritage Lottery-foonit &quot;Oral and Cultural Traditions of Scottish Travellers&quot; project at the Elphinstone Institute o Aiberdeen Varsity, frae April 2002 til April 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Associates – Stanley Robertson|url=http://abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/people/former-associates.php#SR|access-date=21 March 2016|publisher=Elphinstone Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/6068547/Stanley-Robertson.html Stanley Robertson Daily Telegraph obituary]
* [https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/search?l=en&amp;term=%22Robertson%2C+Stanley%2C+1940-2009+%282895%29%22&amp;type=archival_object Archive of 37 recordings of ballads sung by Stanley Robertson]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:21st-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Breetish dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:Scots dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:2009 daiths]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Scots sangwriters]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868922</id>
      <parentid>868917</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:26:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Doriceise</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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{{Infobox bodie|name=Stanley Robertson|image=File:Stanley Robertson.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=Stanley Robertson tellin a sonnet at the Barrie Nicht in the Aberdeen Arts Centre on the 26t Januar 2004|birth_name=William Stanley Robertson|birth_date=8 June 1940|birth_place=[[Aiberdeen]], Scotland|death_date=2t August 2009|death_place=Aiberdeen, Scotland|death_cause=|resting_place=Old Lumphanan Kirkyard, Aberdeenshire|residence=|other_names=|ethnicity=|citizenship=|education=|alma_mater=|occupation=Sangster, sangwriter, upmakker|years_active=1950s–2009|employer=|home_town=|salary=|children=Anthony, Clifford, Dale, Gabrielle, Nicole an Robert|parents=|callsign=|awards=|website=|signature=|footnotes=|networth=|spouse=Johnanne Robertson|relations=}}
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|ethnicityStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|salaryStanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|resting_place_co-ordinate...Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Stanley Robertson''' (8 June 1940 – 2 August 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obituaries – Stanley Robertson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/oct/07/stanley-robertson-obituary|access-date=21 March 2016|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;) wis a Scots upmakker, ballad sangster, an [[Bagpipe|piper]].

He wis born in [[Aiberdeen|Aberdeen]] in 1940&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Exodus to Alford|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1988|isbn=0-9509792-6-0|location=Nairn|pages=214}}&lt;/ref&gt; intae a Traiveller faimlie at haed sattlet yonder. Frae his untie (fowk sangstress Jeannie Robertson) an ithers amang fam his faither,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tobar an Dualchais|url=https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/91117?l=en|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Tobar an Dualchais|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; he wis heir tae a repertoire repertoire o northeast ballads.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Robertson|first=Stanley|title=Nyakim's Windows|publisher=Balnain Books|year=1989|isbn=0-9509792-7-9|location=Nairn|pages=212}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wis the keywirker for the Heritage Lottery-foonit &quot;Oral and Cultural Traditions of Scottish Travellers&quot; project at the Elphinstone Institute o Aiberdeen Varsity, frae April 2002 til April 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Associates – Stanley Robertson|url=http://abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/people/former-associates.php#SR|access-date=21 March 2016|publisher=Elphinstone Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/music-obituaries/6068547/Stanley-Robertson.html Stanley Robertson Daily Telegraph obituary]
* [https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/search?l=en&amp;term=%22Robertson%2C+Stanley%2C+1940-2009+%282895%29%22&amp;type=archival_object Archive of 37 recordings of ballads sung by Stanley Robertson]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:21st-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Scots writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Breetish dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:Scots dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:2009 daiths]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Scots sangwriters]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stanley Robertson (folk singer)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>229692</id>
    <redirect title="Stanley Robertson (fowk sangster)" />
    <revision>
      <id>868915</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:17:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Munci</username>
        <id>6841</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Munci muived page [[Stanley Robertson (folk singer)]] til [[Stanley Robertson (fowk sangster)]]: redd up Scots</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Stanley Robertson (fowk sangster)]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Media manipulation</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>229693</id>
    <revision>
      <id>868948</id>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T22:11:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sije</username>
        <id>8692</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cræftit page wi &quot;{{Category diffuse}} {{Commons category}}  [[Category:Analysis]] [[Category:Influence (social an poleetical)]] [[Category:Media studies]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="137" xml:space="preserve">{{Category diffuse}}
{{Commons category}}

[[Category:Analysis]]
[[Category:Influence (social an poleetical)]]
[[Category:Media studies]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>868949</id>
      <parentid>868948</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T22:11:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sije</username>
        <id>8692</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>new key for [[Category:Media studies]]: &quot;Manipulation&quot; using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="150" xml:space="preserve">{{Category diffuse}}
{{Commons category}}

[[Category:Analysis]]
[[Category:Influence (social an poleetical)]]
[[Category:Media studies|Manipulation]]</text>
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