Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.26 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 872 630760 629332 2022-08-27T10:02:03Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki Salaku catetan [[waktu]] nu kaliwat, '''abad ka-19''' nyaéta [[abad]] taun-taunna antara [[1801]]-[[1900]]. Abad ka-19 mindeng pisan ditujul ku sajarahwan salaku "mangsa isme", nu nyirikeun lobana [[isme]] nu tumuwuh dina mangsa harita. Taya deui abad nu ngalaman parobahan sosial sacara masif kawas taun 1800-an. Ari abad ka-20 mah abadna [[pulitik]] jeung [[élmu]], abad ka-19 mah abadna masarakat. For the first time, the rights of the workers and common man were being questioned. Rarely in previous times did such a massive movement across Europe, into the Americas, and even parts of Asia occur. [[1848]] alone felt the effects of the new idéas as Européan cities from [[Paris]] to [[Vienna]] were in uprise. The 19th century was a contrast from old to new, the old monarchies and feudal systems to the new capitalist world and [[democracy]]. The 19th century was the opening stage for the modérn world. == Kajadian == * The [[Little Ice Age]] ended. * [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]], who conquers much of Europe, is ultimately deféated in [[1815]]; some old Européan regimes are restored, others not. * The modérn city of [[Singapore]] is established when Sir [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]] of the [[British East India Company]] acquires land on the island from the Sultan of [[Johore]] in [[1819]]. * The ''[[Libertadores]]'' léad most of [[Latin America]] to independence. * [[Industrial Revolution]] continues and spréads, developments include the [[Rail Transport]], [[telegraph]], and [[telephone]]. * [[Belgium]] becomes independent in 1830 after a massive uprising against the Dutch. Léopold becomes the first king of Belgium. * [[Belgium]] will be the second industrial power in the world by the middle of the 19th century. * [[Leopold II of Belgium|Leopold II]], son of [[Leopold I of Belgium|Leopold]], becomes the second king of Belgium. He buys the gigantic territory of [[Congo Free State|Congo]] in Africa with his own fortune and will later (1908) offer it to Belgium. * Discovery of the relationships between magnetism and electricity and light by [[Hans Christian Orsted|Hans Christian Ørsted]] and [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. (See:[[electromagnetism]]) * Mass migration from [[Europe]] to the [[United States]]. * During the reign of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]], the [[United Kingdom]] experiences the [[Victorian Age]], which is the age in which the United Kingdom is the léading economic power in the world. * Political revolution and constitutional reform across Europe severely limits powers of monarchs, advances democracy. * The religious revival of the [[Second Great Awakening]] in the éastern [[United States]] and [[Canada]] gives rise to unique, American, [[Christian]] religions during the éra of [[Restorationism]] * [[Gold]] discovered in [[Australia]] and throughout the west of the [[United States]], léading to huge incréases in national wéalth and encouraging mass migration of free settlers there. * [[Crimean War]] fought between [[Russia]] and an alliance of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], [[France]], the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[1854]] to [[1856]]. * [[Slavery]] ended in British colonies and in America. See [[American Civil War]], [[1861]] to [[1865]]. End of global slave trade enforced by British navy. * [[Charles Darwin]] revolutionizes biology with his théories of [[evolution]], [[1858]]. * [[Europe]]ans conquer and colonize most of [[History of Africa|Africa]] and parts of [[Asia]]. * [[Karl Marx]] writes the [[The Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]], encouraging workers to revolt against owners. * [[Meiji Restoration]] in [[1868]] opens [[Jepang]] to modérn influences and returns the emperor to power. * [[History of Germany|Germany]] and [[Italy/History|Italy]] are formed as nations, uniting from groups of small kingdoms and city states. * [[Railroad]]s maké fast mass transit available to many. [[Transcontinental railroad]]s built, including the [[Panama Railway]] in [[1855]], the [[First Transcontinental Railroad (North America)|US Transcontinental Railroad]] finished in [[1869]] linking to west in the [[United States]], and the [[Canadian National Railway]] in [[1885]]. * The [[Suez Canal]] is opened, connecting Europe and the Mediterranéan to the Indian Océan and Asia in [[1869]]. * The [[British]] begin their so-called "forward movement" to extend control over the [[Malay States]] with the signing of the [[Pangkor Treaty]] in [[1874]]. * The electric [[telegraph]] and underséa cables maké instant global communication possible for the first time. * [[Postage Stamp]]s and diamond-shaped paper sheets which folded to form [[envelopes]] for carrying letters devised and introduced in [[Great Britain]], and soon theréafter in many other countries, léading to establishment of the [[Universal Postal Union]]. * Manufactured goods become widely available by mail order == Inohong == === Pamingpin dunya === * [[Alexander II ti Rusia]], Sar * [[Otto von Bismarck]], pulitisi Jérman * [[Simón Bolívar]] South American Liberator * [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] of China * [[Franz Joseph]], Kaisar Austria * [[Abraham Lincoln]], présidén AS * [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], Kaisar Prancis * [[Napoleon III ti Prancis|Napoleon III]], Kaisar Prancis * [[José de San Martín]], South American Liberator * [[Victoria ti Inggris|Ratu Victoria]], Ratu Karajaan Inggris * [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], unifier of Italy === Élmuwan === * [[Gregor Mendel]], ahli biologi * [[Charles Darwin]], ahli biologi * [[Thomas Alva Edison]], inventor * [[Gottlob Frege]], ahli matematik, logika, jeung filsafat * [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], ahli matematik, fisika, jeung astronomi * [[Louis Pasteur]], ahli biologi * Dr. [[John Snow]], the founder of epidemiology === Seniman === * [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], composer * [[Antonio de La Gandara]], painter * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], author, thinker * [[Giuseppe Verdi]], composer * [[Richard Wagner]], composer * [[Antonin Dvorak]], composer * [[Vincent van Gogh]], painter === Sastrawan === * [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], poet, critic, thinker * [[Charles Dickens]], author * [[Benjamin Disraeli]], novelist and politician * [[Victor Hugo]], author * [[Edgar Allan Poe]], author * [[Mark Twain]] (Samuel Clemens), author === Ageman === * [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]], religious léader, founder of [[Mormonism]] * [[Brigham Young]], Mormon religious léader * [[Nikolai of Japan]], religious léader who introduced [[Eastern Orthodox]]y into Japan. === Filsafat === * [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] === Pulitik === * [[Karl Marx]], ahli filsafat pulitis jeung ékonomi * [[William Morris]], social reformer == Inventions, discoveries, introductions == * [[Automobile]] * [[Electric light]] * [[Film|Motion pictures]] * [[Phonograph]] * [[Photography]] * [[Repetition rifle]] * [[Railroad]] [[Locomotive]] * [[Steamship]] * [[Telegraph]] * [[Telephone]] == Dékade jeung taun == {{DekadeJeungTaun1|19}} {{Abad}} [[Kategori:Abad jeung Dékadeu]] e99fs29zgve0gnpvgqnxkikl8m73gfc 0 990 630759 630675 2022-08-27T10:01:42Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki Minangka catetan waktu nu geus kaliwat, '''abad ka-20''' nyaéta taun-taun antara 1901-2000. Dumasar kana [[kalender Gregorian]]Abad ka-20 dimimitian ti [[1 Januari]] [[1901]] sarta dipungkas [[31 Desember]] [[2000]]. Sababaraha ahli sajarah nganggep jaman ti antara 1914 nepi ka 1991 minangka [[Abad Kaduapuluh hiji nu Pondok]] ''(Short Twentieth Century)''. {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 109%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1870-an]] * [[1880-an]] * [[1890-an]] * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * [[1920-an]] * [[1930-an]] |} {{Tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} Dina basa sapopoe, disebut "sarebu salapan ratus" ([[1000]]), nunjul kana taun [[1900]] nepika [[1999]]. The twentieth century was a remarkable shift in the very existence of humanity due to the technological, medical, social, idéological, and international innovations. Terms like [[genocide]], [[holocaust]], [[nuclear war]], and [[terrorism]] rose to common language and an influence on the lives of everyday péople. <!-- [[War]] reached an unprecedented scale where land and armies became one of many new (what??) --> The trends of mechanization of goods and services and networks of global communication, which were begun in the [[19th century]], continued at an ever-incréasing pace in the 20th. In spite of the terror and chaos, the 20th century saw many attempts at world péace. As the 35th United States présidént [[John F. Kennedy]] said: "What kind of peace do we seek? I am talking about a genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living. Not merely peace in our time, but peace in all time. Our problems are man-made, therefore they can be solved by man. For in the final analysis, our most basic common length is that we all inhabit this small planet, we all breath the same air, we all cherish our children's future, and we are all mortal." Virtually every aspect of life in virtually every human society changed in some fundamental way or another during the twentieth century. ---- * [[20th century/Death rates|Death rates]] * [[20th century/Infant mortality|Infant mortality]] * [[20th century/Infectious disease|Infectious disease]] * [[20th century/Life expectancy|Life expectancy]] * [[20th century/Maternal death rates|Maternal death rates]] * [[List of battles 1901-forward|Battles]] == Kamekaran penting, kajadian jeung beubeunangan == === Élmu jeung téhnologi === [[Gambar:AssemblyLine.jpg|thumb|250px|Line assembly Ford, 1913]] * The [[assembly line]] and [[mass production]] of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and chéaper products. This allowed the [[automobile]] to become the most important méans of transportation. * The invention of [[Airplane|heavier-than-air flying machines]] and the [[jet engine]] allowed for the world to become "smaller". [[Space science|Space flight]] incréased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global réal-time communications via [[geosynchronous satellite]]s. * [[Mass media]] technologies such as [[film]], [[radio]], and [[television]] allow the communication of political messages and entertainment with unprecedented impact * Mass availability of the [[telephone]] and later, the [[computer]], especially through the [[Internet]], provides péople with new opportunities for néar-instantanéous communication * Applied [[electronics]], notably in its miniaturized form as [[integrated circuit]]s, made possible the above mentioned rise of [[mass media]], telecommunications, ubiquitous [[Computer|computing]], and all kinds of "intelligent" appliances; as well as many advances in natural sciences such as physics, by the use of [[Moore's Law|exponentially growing]] calculation power (see [[supercomputer]]). * The development of [[Nitrogen]] fertilizer, [[pesticide]]s and [[herbicide]]s resulted in significantly higher agricultural yield. * Advances in fundamental [[physics]] through the [[theory of relativity]] and [[quantum mechanics]] led to the development of [[nuclear weapon]]s, the [[nuclear reactor]], and the [[laser]]. [[Fusion power]] was studied extensively but remained an experimental technology at the end of the century. * The [[big bang]] modél of [[cosmology]] was developed. * Inventions such as the [[washing machine]] and [[air conditioning]] led to an incréase in both the quantity and quality of [[leisure time]] for the [[middle class]] in Western societies. * Most influencing inventions in the 20th century: [[Antibiotics]], [[Internet]] * [[Timeline of invention#1900-1999|More...]] === Perang jeung pulitik === [[Gambar:WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikipedia_Article.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Warfare in the éarly 20th Century (1914-1918)'''<br />''Clockwise from top:'' [[front line]] [[Trench warfare|Trenches]], a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[Mark I (tank)|Mark I Tank]] crossing a trench, the [[Royal Navy]] [[battleship]] [[HMS Irresistible (1898)|HMS Irresistible]] sinking after striking a [[Naval mine|mine]] at the [[battle of the Dardanelles]], a [[Vickers machine gun]] crew with [[gas mask]]s and a [[Sopwith Camel]] [[biplane]].]] * Rising [[nationalism]] and incréasing national awareness were among the causes of [[World War I]], the first of two wars to involve all the major world powers including [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Jepang]], the [[United States]] and the [[British Commonwealth]]. World War I led to the création of many new countries, especially in [[Eastern Europe]]. * The economic and political aftermath of World War I led to the rise of [[Fascism]] and [[Nazism]] in Europe, and shortly to [[World War II]]. This war also involved Asia and the Pacific, in the form of [[Jepang|Japanese]] aggression against [[China]] and the United States. While the First World War mainly cost lives among soldiers, civilians suffered gréatly in the Second—from the bombing of cities on both sides, and in the unprecedented German [[genocide]] of the [[Jew]]s and others, known as the [[Holocaust]]. * Unhappiness in [[Russia]] led to the rise of [[Communism]] and the [[Russian Revolution]]. After the [[Soviet Union]]'s involvement in World War II, Communism became a major force in global politics, spréading all over the world: notably, to éastern [[Europe]], [[China]], [[Indochina]] and [[Cuba]]. This led to the [[Cold War]] with [[The West|the western world]], led by the [[United States]]. * The "fall of Communism" in the late [[1980s]] left the [[United States]] as the world's only [[superpower]]. It also led to the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] into successor states, many rife with [[ethnic nationalism]]. * Through the [[League of Nations]] and, after [[World War II]], the [[United Nations]], international cooperation incréased. Other efforts included the formation of the [[European Union]], léading to a common currency in much of [[Western Europe]], the [[euro]]. * The end of [[colonialism]] led to the independence of many nagara di [[Afrika]] jeung [[Asia]]. During the Cold War, many of these aligned with the USA, the USSR, or China for defense. * The création of [[Israel]], a [[Jew]]ish state in a mostly [[Arab]] region of the world, fueled many conflicts in the region, which were also influenced by the vast [[oil]] fields in many of the [[Arab]] countries. === Five overall largest mass killings of the 20th century === (méasured in numbers of péople killed; also see [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/misc/misery.html]) * [[World War II]] and regime of [[Adolf Hitler]] (1937-1945), over 50 million déad, including the [[Holocaust]], killing two-thirds of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] population of Europe (6&nbsp;million). * Regime of [[Mao Zedong]] and [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] famine (1949-1976), over 28 million déad. * Regime of [[Joseph Stalin]] (1924-1953), over 20 million déad. * [[World War I]] (1914-1918), over 15 million déad. * [[Russian Civil War]] (1918-1921), over 8.5 million déad. === Budaya jeung hiburan === [[Gambar:Film reel and film.jpg|thumb|250px|"[[Film]]" refers to the celluloid media on which motion pictures reside]] * [[Cinema|Movies]], [[music]] and the [[medium|media]] had a major influence on [[fashion]] and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the [[United States]], American culture spréad rapidly over the world. * After gaining political rights in the [[United States]] and much of [[Europe]] in the first part of the century, women became more independent throughout the century. * modérn art developed new styles such as [[expressionism]], [[cubism]], and [[surrealism]]. * The [[automobile]] provided vastly incréased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the éarly to mid-century, spréading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a léading symbol of modérn society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles. * [[Sport]]s became an important part of society, becoming an activity not only for the privileged. Watching sports, later also on [[television]], became a popular activity. ==== Highest grossing films of the 20th century ==== # [[Titanic (1997 movie)|Titanic]] (1997) # [[Star Wars]] (1977) # [[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]] (1999) # [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]] (1982) # [[Jurassic Park]] (1993) ==== Most critically acclaimed films ==== * [[Battleship Potemkin]] (1925) * [[Citizen Kane]] (1941) * [[Psycho]] (1960) * [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 movie)|The Wizard of Oz]] (1939) * [[2001: A Space Odyssey]] (1968) * [[The Godfather]] (1972) * [[It's a Wonderful Life]] (1946) === Disease and medicine === * Though modérn medicine is better than ever, an [[influenza]] pandemic kills 25 million in [[1918]]-[[1919]] (the [[Spanish Flu]]), while [[AIDS]], killing many remains incurable and tréatments remain too expensive for wide use in [[developing countries]]. * Advances in [[medicine]], such as the invention of [[antibiotic]]s, decréased the number of péople dying from diséases. [[Contraceptive]] drugs and [[organ transplantation]] were developed. The discovery of [[DNA]] molecules and the advent of [[molecular biology]] allowed for [[cloning]] and [[genetic engineering]]. === Natural resources and the environment === * The widespréad use of [[petroleum]] in industry—both as a chemical precursor to [[plastic]]s and as a fuel for the [[automobile]] and [[airplane]]—led to the vital géopolitical importance of petroleum resources. The [[Middle East]], home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of géopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century. * A vast incréase in [[fossil fuel]] consumption léads to depletion of natural resources, while [[air pollution]] possibly léads to [[global warming]] and the [[ozone hole]]. The problem is incréased by world-wide [[deforestation]], also causing a loss of [[biodiversity]]. The problem of a depletion of natural resources is decréased by advances in drilling technology which led to a net incréase in the amount of fossil fuel that is réadily obtainable at the end of the century, as compared with the amount considered obtainable at the beginning of the century. == Significant people == === Pamingpin dunya === * [[Afrika]] ** [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]], [[Togo]] ** [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ** [[Kenneth Kaunda]], [[Zambia]] ** [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Kenya]] ** [[Idi Amin]], [[Uganda]] ** [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Zimbabwe]] ** [[Gamal Abdal Nasser|Gamal Abdel Nasser]], [[Mesir]] ** [[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[Ghana]] ** [[Julius Nyerere]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Habib Bourguiba]], [[Tunisia]] ** Colonel [[Moammar Al Qadhafi|Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Libya]] ** [[Cecil Rhodes]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Haile Selassie]], [[Étiopia]] ** [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]], [[Senegal]] ** [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]], [[Guinea]] * [[Amérika]] ** [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Dwight Eisenhower]], [[AS]] ** [[John F. Kennedy]], [[AS]] ** [[Richard Nixon]], [[AS]] ** [[Ronald Reagan]], [[AS]] ** [[Bill Clinton]], [[AS]] ** [[George H. W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[George W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[Wilfrid Laurier]], [[Kanada]] ** [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Pierre Trudeau]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Che Guevara|Ernesto 'Che' Guevara]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Fidel Castro]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Juan Peron|Juan Perón]], [[Argentina]] ** [[Salvador Allende]], [[Chili]] ** [[Augusto Pinochet]], [[Chili]] ** [[Emiliano Zápata]], [[Meksiko]] ** [[Pancho Villa]], [[Meksiko]] * [[Asia]] ** [[Mao Zedong]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Pol Pot]], [[Cambodia]] ** [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Indira Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Pakistan]] ** [[Mahathir Mohamad]], [[Malaysia]] ** [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[India]] ** [[Kaisar Hirohito]], [[Jepang]] ** [[Ho Chi Minh]], [[Vietnam]] ** [[Sun Yat-sen]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Chiang Kai-shek]], [[Republik Cina]] ** Achmad [[Sukarno]], [[Indonesia]] ** [[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Singapura]] * [[Eropa]] ** [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[Turki]] ** [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Winston Churchill]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Charles de Gaulle]], [[Prancis]] ** [[Eamon de Valera]], [[Republik Irlandia|Irlandia]] ** [[Franz Ferdinand, Archduke Austria]], [[Austria-Hungaria]] ** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Václav Havel]], [[Républik Céko]] ** [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Schmidt]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Kohl]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Gerhard Schröder]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Benito Mussolini]], [[Itali]] ** [[Francisco Franco]], [[Spanyol]] ** [[Jozef Pilsudski]], [[Polandia]] ** [[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz 'Tito']], [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] ** [[Milan Kucan|Milan Kučan]], [[Slovenia]] ** [[Olof Palme]], [[Swedia]] ** [[Nicolae Ceausescu]], [[Romania]] ** [[Lech Walesa]], [[Polandia]] ** [[John Paul II]], [[Dunya]] * [[Wétan Tengah]] ** [[Abdul Nasser]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[Anwar Sadat]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Israel]] ** [[Golda Meir]], [[Israel]] ** [[Menachem Begin]], [[Israel]] ** [[Hafez el Assad]], [[Syria]] ** [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Irak]] ** [[King Hussein]], [[Yordania]] * [[Rusia]] jeung [[Uni Soviet]] ** [[Czar Nicholas II]] ** [[Vladimir Lenin]] ** [[Joseph Stalin]] ** [[Leon Trotsky]] ** [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ** [[Leonid Brezhnev]] ** [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] ** [[Boris Yeltsin]] ** [[Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin]] === Scientists === * [[Niels Bohr]] * [[Albert Einstein]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Howard Walter Florey]] * [[Sigmund Freud]] * [[Kurt Gödel]] * [[Fritz Haber]] * [[Werner Karl Heisenberg]] * [[Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov]] * [[Linus Pauling]] * [[Erwin Schrödinger]] * [[John von Neumann]] * [[Alan Turing]] === Economics and business === * [[John Maynard Keynes]] * [[John Kenneth Galbraith]] * [[Milton Friedman]] * [[Henry Ford]] * [[Thomas J. Watson]] * [[Bill Gates]] === Aerospace pioneers === * [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]] * [[Wernher Von Braun]] * [[Neil Armstrong]] * [[Louis Bleriot]] * [[Yuri Gagarin]] * [[Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov]] * [[Freddie Laker]] * [[Charles Lindbergh]] * [[Ronald E. McNair|Ron McNair]] * [[Ellison S. Onizuka|Ellison Onizuka]] * [[Herman Potocnik|Herman Potočnik Noordung]] * [[Alan Shepard]] * [[Valentina Tereshkova]] * [[Wright Brothers]] === Military leaders === * [[Charles de Gaulle]] * [[Dwight Eisenhower]] * Sir [[Bernard Freyberg]] * [[Douglas Haig]] * [[Douglas MacArthur]] * [[Rudolf Maister]] * [[Bernard Montgomery]] * [[Chester Nimitz]] * [[George Patton]] * [[Erwin Rommel]] * [[Franc Rozman Stane]] * [[Leon Trotsky]] * [[Mao Zedong]] * [[Georgy Zhukov]] === Religious figures === * [[Grigori Rasputin]] * [[Pope John XXIII]] * [[Pope John Paul II]] * [[Mother Theresa]] of [[Calcutta]] * The 13th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Thubten Gyatso]] * The 14th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Tenzin Gyatso]] * The Rev. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] * The Rev. [[Billy Graham]] * [[Mohandas Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] * [[Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta]] === Artists === * [[Constatin Brancusi]] * [[George Braque]] * [[Salvador Dalí]] * [[Marcel Duchamp]] * [[Jacob Epstein]] * [[Juan Gris]] * [[Wassily Kandinsky]] * [[Henri Matisse]] * [[Joan Miró]] * [[Amedeo Modigliani]] * [[Piet Mondrian]] * [[Henry Moore]] * [[Pablo Picasso]] * [[Jackson Pollock]] * [[Andy Warhol]] === Entertainers === * [[The Beatles]] * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Bob Marley]] * [[Charlie Chaplin]] * [[Charlie Parker]] * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Groucho Marx]] * [[Jimi Hendrix]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Lucille Ball]] * [[Marilyn Monroe]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Pink Floyd]] * [[Queen (band)]] * [[Spike Jones]] * [[Spike Milligan]] * [[The Velvet Underground]] === Writers and poets === * [[Louis Aragon]] * [[Samuel Beckett]] * [[Jorge Luis Borges]] * [[André Breton]] * [[Basil Bunting]] * [[Albert Camus]] * [[Noam Chomsky]] * [[Cid Corman]] * [[Hart Crane]] * [[Robert Creeley]] * [[e. e. cummings]] * [[T. S. Eliot]] * [[Paul Eluard]] * [[William Faulkner]] * [[Gabriel García Márquez]] * [[Allen Ginsberg]] * [[Alamgir Hashmi]] * [[Seamus Heaney]] * [[Ernest Hemingway]] * [[H.D.]] * [[Orrick Johns]] * [[James Joyce]] * [[Franz Kafka]] * [[Jack Kerouac]] * [[Philip Larkin]] * [[Mina Loy]] * [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] * [[Antonio Machado]] * [[Andre Malraux]] * [[Marianne Moore]] * [[Sean O'Casey]] * [[Charles Olson]] * [[George Oppen]] * [[George Orwell]] * [[Ezra Pound]] * [[Marcel Proust]] * [[Thomas Pynchon]] * [[Ayn Rand]] * [[Charles Reznikoff]] * [[Dorothy Richardson]] * [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] * [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] * [[Gary Snyder]] * [[Gertrude Stein]] * [[Wallace Stevens]] * [[John Millington Synge]] * [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] * [[William Carlos Williams]] * [[Virginia Woolf]] * [[W. B. Yeats]] * [[Louis Zukofsky]] === Sports figures === * [[Babe Ruth]] * [[Muhammad Ali]] * [[Wilfred Benitez]] * [[Larry Bird]] * Sir [[Donald Bradman]] * [[Roberto Clemente]] * [[Fausto Coppi]] * [[Angel Cordero]] * [[Wilfredo Gomez]] * [[Wayne Gretzky]] * Sir [[Edmund Hillary]] * [[Magic Johnson]] * [[Michael Jordan]] * [[Martina Navratilova]] * [[Diego Maradona]] * [[Jack Nicklaus]] * [[Pelé]] * [[Jackie Robinson]] * [[Martin Strel]] * [[Mark Todd (NZ)|Mark Todd]] * [[Mike Tyson]] * [[Ted Williams]] === Notorious figures === * [[Adolf Hitler]] * [[Saddam Hussein]] * [[Joseph Goebbels]] * [[Osama bin Laden]] * [[Timothy McVeigh]] * [[Charles Manson]] * [[Harold Shipman]] * [[Josef Stalin]] * [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] == Decades and years == {{DekadeJeungTaun1|20}} {{Abad}} [[Kategori:Abad jeung Dékadeu]] m7s9vcd5dcyqmx42tghjfcliqf38jr7 630761 630759 2022-08-27T10:03:24Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki Minangka catetan waktu nu geus kaliwat, '''abad ka-20''' nyaéta taun-taun antara 1901-2000. Dumasar kana [[kalender Gregorian]]Abad ka-20 dimimitian ti [[1 Januari]] [[1901]] sarta dipungkas [[31 Desember]] [[2000]]. Sababaraha ahli sajarah nganggep jaman ti antara 1914 nepi ka 1991 minangka [[Abad Kaduapuluh hiji nu Pondok]] ''(Short Twentieth Century)''. {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 109%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1870-an]] * [[1880-an]] * [[1890-an]] * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * [[1920-an]] * [[1930-an]] |} <center>[[1901]] [[1902]] [[1903]] [[1904]] [[1905]] [[1906]] [[1907]] [[1908]] [[1909]] [[1910]]</center> <center>[[1911]] [[1912]] [[1913]] [[1914]] [[1915]] [[1916]] [[1917]] [[1918]] [[1919]] [[1920]]</center> <center>[[1921]] [[1922]] [[1923]] [[1924]] [[1925]] [[1926]] [[1927]] [[1928]] [[1929]] [[1930]]</center> <center>[[1931]] [[1932]] [[1933]] [[1934]] [[1935]] [[1936]] [[1937]] [[1938]] [[1939]] [[1940]]</center> <center>[[1941]] [[1942]] [[1943]] [[1944]] [[1945]] [[1946]] [[1947]] [[1948]] [[1949]] [[1950]]</center> <center>[[1951]] [[1952]] [[1953]] [[1954]] [[1955]] [[1956]] [[1957]] [[1958]] [[1959]] [[1960]]</center> <center>[[1961]] [[1962]] [[1963]] [[1964]] [[1965]] [[1966]] [[1967]] [[1968]] [[1969]] [[1970]]</center> <center>[[1971]] [[1972]] [[1973]] [[1974]] [[1975]] [[1976]] [[1977]] [[1978]] [[1979]] [[1980]]</center> <center>[[1981]] [[1982]] [[1983]] [[1984]] [[1985]] [[1986]] [[1987]] [[1988]] [[1989]] [[1990]]</center> <center>[[1991]] [[1992]] [[1993]] [[1994]] [[1995]] [[1996]] [[1997]] [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]]</center> {{Tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} Dina basa sapopoe, disebut "sarebu salapan ratus" ([[1000]]), nunjul kana taun [[1900]] nepika [[1999]]. The twentieth century was a remarkable shift in the very existence of humanity due to the technological, medical, social, idéological, and international innovations. Terms like [[genocide]], [[holocaust]], [[nuclear war]], and [[terrorism]] rose to common language and an influence on the lives of everyday péople. <!-- [[War]] reached an unprecedented scale where land and armies became one of many new (what??) --> The trends of mechanization of goods and services and networks of global communication, which were begun in the [[19th century]], continued at an ever-incréasing pace in the 20th. In spite of the terror and chaos, the 20th century saw many attempts at world péace. As the 35th United States présidént [[John F. Kennedy]] said: "What kind of peace do we seek? I am talking about a genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living. Not merely peace in our time, but peace in all time. Our problems are man-made, therefore they can be solved by man. For in the final analysis, our most basic common length is that we all inhabit this small planet, we all breath the same air, we all cherish our children's future, and we are all mortal." Virtually every aspect of life in virtually every human society changed in some fundamental way or another during the twentieth century. ---- * [[20th century/Death rates|Death rates]] * [[20th century/Infant mortality|Infant mortality]] * [[20th century/Infectious disease|Infectious disease]] * [[20th century/Life expectancy|Life expectancy]] * [[20th century/Maternal death rates|Maternal death rates]] * [[List of battles 1901-forward|Battles]] == Kamekaran penting, kajadian jeung beubeunangan == === Élmu jeung téhnologi === [[Gambar:AssemblyLine.jpg|thumb|250px|Line assembly Ford, 1913]] * The [[assembly line]] and [[mass production]] of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and chéaper products. This allowed the [[automobile]] to become the most important méans of transportation. * The invention of [[Airplane|heavier-than-air flying machines]] and the [[jet engine]] allowed for the world to become "smaller". [[Space science|Space flight]] incréased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global réal-time communications via [[geosynchronous satellite]]s. * [[Mass media]] technologies such as [[film]], [[radio]], and [[television]] allow the communication of political messages and entertainment with unprecedented impact * Mass availability of the [[telephone]] and later, the [[computer]], especially through the [[Internet]], provides péople with new opportunities for néar-instantanéous communication * Applied [[electronics]], notably in its miniaturized form as [[integrated circuit]]s, made possible the above mentioned rise of [[mass media]], telecommunications, ubiquitous [[Computer|computing]], and all kinds of "intelligent" appliances; as well as many advances in natural sciences such as physics, by the use of [[Moore's Law|exponentially growing]] calculation power (see [[supercomputer]]). * The development of [[Nitrogen]] fertilizer, [[pesticide]]s and [[herbicide]]s resulted in significantly higher agricultural yield. * Advances in fundamental [[physics]] through the [[theory of relativity]] and [[quantum mechanics]] led to the development of [[nuclear weapon]]s, the [[nuclear reactor]], and the [[laser]]. [[Fusion power]] was studied extensively but remained an experimental technology at the end of the century. * The [[big bang]] modél of [[cosmology]] was developed. * Inventions such as the [[washing machine]] and [[air conditioning]] led to an incréase in both the quantity and quality of [[leisure time]] for the [[middle class]] in Western societies. * Most influencing inventions in the 20th century: [[Antibiotics]], [[Internet]] * [[Timeline of invention#1900-1999|More...]] === Perang jeung pulitik === [[Gambar:WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikipedia_Article.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Warfare in the éarly 20th Century (1914-1918)'''<br />''Clockwise from top:'' [[front line]] [[Trench warfare|Trenches]], a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[Mark I (tank)|Mark I Tank]] crossing a trench, the [[Royal Navy]] [[battleship]] [[HMS Irresistible (1898)|HMS Irresistible]] sinking after striking a [[Naval mine|mine]] at the [[battle of the Dardanelles]], a [[Vickers machine gun]] crew with [[gas mask]]s and a [[Sopwith Camel]] [[biplane]].]] * Rising [[nationalism]] and incréasing national awareness were among the causes of [[World War I]], the first of two wars to involve all the major world powers including [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Jepang]], the [[United States]] and the [[British Commonwealth]]. World War I led to the création of many new countries, especially in [[Eastern Europe]]. * The economic and political aftermath of World War I led to the rise of [[Fascism]] and [[Nazism]] in Europe, and shortly to [[World War II]]. This war also involved Asia and the Pacific, in the form of [[Jepang|Japanese]] aggression against [[China]] and the United States. While the First World War mainly cost lives among soldiers, civilians suffered gréatly in the Second—from the bombing of cities on both sides, and in the unprecedented German [[genocide]] of the [[Jew]]s and others, known as the [[Holocaust]]. * Unhappiness in [[Russia]] led to the rise of [[Communism]] and the [[Russian Revolution]]. After the [[Soviet Union]]'s involvement in World War II, Communism became a major force in global politics, spréading all over the world: notably, to éastern [[Europe]], [[China]], [[Indochina]] and [[Cuba]]. This led to the [[Cold War]] with [[The West|the western world]], led by the [[United States]]. * The "fall of Communism" in the late [[1980s]] left the [[United States]] as the world's only [[superpower]]. It also led to the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] into successor states, many rife with [[ethnic nationalism]]. * Through the [[League of Nations]] and, after [[World War II]], the [[United Nations]], international cooperation incréased. Other efforts included the formation of the [[European Union]], léading to a common currency in much of [[Western Europe]], the [[euro]]. * The end of [[colonialism]] led to the independence of many nagara di [[Afrika]] jeung [[Asia]]. During the Cold War, many of these aligned with the USA, the USSR, or China for defense. * The création of [[Israel]], a [[Jew]]ish state in a mostly [[Arab]] region of the world, fueled many conflicts in the region, which were also influenced by the vast [[oil]] fields in many of the [[Arab]] countries. === Five overall largest mass killings of the 20th century === (méasured in numbers of péople killed; also see [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/misc/misery.html]) * [[World War II]] and regime of [[Adolf Hitler]] (1937-1945), over 50 million déad, including the [[Holocaust]], killing two-thirds of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] population of Europe (6&nbsp;million). * Regime of [[Mao Zedong]] and [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] famine (1949-1976), over 28 million déad. * Regime of [[Joseph Stalin]] (1924-1953), over 20 million déad. * [[World War I]] (1914-1918), over 15 million déad. * [[Russian Civil War]] (1918-1921), over 8.5 million déad. === Budaya jeung hiburan === [[Gambar:Film reel and film.jpg|thumb|250px|"[[Film]]" refers to the celluloid media on which motion pictures reside]] * [[Cinema|Movies]], [[music]] and the [[medium|media]] had a major influence on [[fashion]] and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the [[United States]], American culture spréad rapidly over the world. * After gaining political rights in the [[United States]] and much of [[Europe]] in the first part of the century, women became more independent throughout the century. * modérn art developed new styles such as [[expressionism]], [[cubism]], and [[surrealism]]. * The [[automobile]] provided vastly incréased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the éarly to mid-century, spréading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a léading symbol of modérn society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles. * [[Sport]]s became an important part of society, becoming an activity not only for the privileged. Watching sports, later also on [[television]], became a popular activity. ==== Highest grossing films of the 20th century ==== # [[Titanic (1997 movie)|Titanic]] (1997) # [[Star Wars]] (1977) # [[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]] (1999) # [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]] (1982) # [[Jurassic Park]] (1993) ==== Most critically acclaimed films ==== * [[Battleship Potemkin]] (1925) * [[Citizen Kane]] (1941) * [[Psycho]] (1960) * [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 movie)|The Wizard of Oz]] (1939) * [[2001: A Space Odyssey]] (1968) * [[The Godfather]] (1972) * [[It's a Wonderful Life]] (1946) === Disease and medicine === * Though modérn medicine is better than ever, an [[influenza]] pandemic kills 25 million in [[1918]]-[[1919]] (the [[Spanish Flu]]), while [[AIDS]], killing many remains incurable and tréatments remain too expensive for wide use in [[developing countries]]. * Advances in [[medicine]], such as the invention of [[antibiotic]]s, decréased the number of péople dying from diséases. [[Contraceptive]] drugs and [[organ transplantation]] were developed. The discovery of [[DNA]] molecules and the advent of [[molecular biology]] allowed for [[cloning]] and [[genetic engineering]]. === Natural resources and the environment === * The widespréad use of [[petroleum]] in industry—both as a chemical precursor to [[plastic]]s and as a fuel for the [[automobile]] and [[airplane]]—led to the vital géopolitical importance of petroleum resources. The [[Middle East]], home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of géopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century. * A vast incréase in [[fossil fuel]] consumption léads to depletion of natural resources, while [[air pollution]] possibly léads to [[global warming]] and the [[ozone hole]]. The problem is incréased by world-wide [[deforestation]], also causing a loss of [[biodiversity]]. The problem of a depletion of natural resources is decréased by advances in drilling technology which led to a net incréase in the amount of fossil fuel that is réadily obtainable at the end of the century, as compared with the amount considered obtainable at the beginning of the century. == Significant people == === Pamingpin dunya === * [[Afrika]] ** [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]], [[Togo]] ** [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ** [[Kenneth Kaunda]], [[Zambia]] ** [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Kenya]] ** [[Idi Amin]], [[Uganda]] ** [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Zimbabwe]] ** [[Gamal Abdal Nasser|Gamal Abdel Nasser]], [[Mesir]] ** [[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[Ghana]] ** [[Julius Nyerere]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Habib Bourguiba]], [[Tunisia]] ** Colonel [[Moammar Al Qadhafi|Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Libya]] ** [[Cecil Rhodes]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Haile Selassie]], [[Étiopia]] ** [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]], [[Senegal]] ** [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]], [[Guinea]] * [[Amérika]] ** [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Dwight Eisenhower]], [[AS]] ** [[John F. Kennedy]], [[AS]] ** [[Richard Nixon]], [[AS]] ** [[Ronald Reagan]], [[AS]] ** [[Bill Clinton]], [[AS]] ** [[George H. W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[George W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[Wilfrid Laurier]], [[Kanada]] ** [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Pierre Trudeau]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Che Guevara|Ernesto 'Che' Guevara]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Fidel Castro]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Juan Peron|Juan Perón]], [[Argentina]] ** [[Salvador Allende]], [[Chili]] ** [[Augusto Pinochet]], [[Chili]] ** [[Emiliano Zápata]], [[Meksiko]] ** [[Pancho Villa]], [[Meksiko]] * [[Asia]] ** [[Mao Zedong]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Pol Pot]], [[Cambodia]] ** [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Indira Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Pakistan]] ** [[Mahathir Mohamad]], [[Malaysia]] ** [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[India]] ** [[Kaisar Hirohito]], [[Jepang]] ** [[Ho Chi Minh]], [[Vietnam]] ** [[Sun Yat-sen]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Chiang Kai-shek]], [[Republik Cina]] ** Achmad [[Sukarno]], [[Indonesia]] ** [[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Singapura]] * [[Eropa]] ** [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[Turki]] ** [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Winston Churchill]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Charles de Gaulle]], [[Prancis]] ** [[Eamon de Valera]], [[Republik Irlandia|Irlandia]] ** [[Franz Ferdinand, Archduke Austria]], [[Austria-Hungaria]] ** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Václav Havel]], [[Républik Céko]] ** [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Schmidt]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Kohl]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Gerhard Schröder]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Benito Mussolini]], [[Itali]] ** [[Francisco Franco]], [[Spanyol]] ** [[Jozef Pilsudski]], [[Polandia]] ** [[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz 'Tito']], [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] ** [[Milan Kucan|Milan Kučan]], [[Slovenia]] ** [[Olof Palme]], [[Swedia]] ** [[Nicolae Ceausescu]], [[Romania]] ** [[Lech Walesa]], [[Polandia]] ** [[John Paul II]], [[Dunya]] * [[Wétan Tengah]] ** [[Abdul Nasser]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[Anwar Sadat]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Israel]] ** [[Golda Meir]], [[Israel]] ** [[Menachem Begin]], [[Israel]] ** [[Hafez el Assad]], [[Syria]] ** [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Irak]] ** [[King Hussein]], [[Yordania]] * [[Rusia]] jeung [[Uni Soviet]] ** [[Czar Nicholas II]] ** [[Vladimir Lenin]] ** [[Joseph Stalin]] ** [[Leon Trotsky]] ** [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ** [[Leonid Brezhnev]] ** [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] ** [[Boris Yeltsin]] ** [[Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin]] === Scientists === * [[Niels Bohr]] * [[Albert Einstein]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Howard Walter Florey]] * [[Sigmund Freud]] * [[Kurt Gödel]] * [[Fritz Haber]] * [[Werner Karl Heisenberg]] * [[Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov]] * [[Linus Pauling]] * [[Erwin Schrödinger]] * [[John von Neumann]] * [[Alan Turing]] === Economics and business === * [[John Maynard Keynes]] * [[John Kenneth Galbraith]] * [[Milton Friedman]] * [[Henry Ford]] * [[Thomas J. Watson]] * [[Bill Gates]] === Aerospace pioneers === * [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]] * [[Wernher Von Braun]] * [[Neil Armstrong]] * [[Louis Bleriot]] * [[Yuri Gagarin]] * [[Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov]] * [[Freddie Laker]] * [[Charles Lindbergh]] * [[Ronald E. McNair|Ron McNair]] * [[Ellison S. Onizuka|Ellison Onizuka]] * [[Herman Potocnik|Herman Potočnik Noordung]] * [[Alan Shepard]] * [[Valentina Tereshkova]] * [[Wright Brothers]] === Military leaders === * [[Charles de Gaulle]] * [[Dwight Eisenhower]] * Sir [[Bernard Freyberg]] * [[Douglas Haig]] * [[Douglas MacArthur]] * [[Rudolf Maister]] * [[Bernard Montgomery]] * [[Chester Nimitz]] * [[George Patton]] * [[Erwin Rommel]] * [[Franc Rozman Stane]] * [[Leon Trotsky]] * [[Mao Zedong]] * [[Georgy Zhukov]] === Religious figures === * [[Grigori Rasputin]] * [[Pope John XXIII]] * [[Pope John Paul II]] * [[Mother Theresa]] of [[Calcutta]] * The 13th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Thubten Gyatso]] * The 14th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Tenzin Gyatso]] * The Rev. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] * The Rev. [[Billy Graham]] * [[Mohandas Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] * [[Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta]] === Artists === * [[Constatin Brancusi]] * [[George Braque]] * [[Salvador Dalí]] * [[Marcel Duchamp]] * [[Jacob Epstein]] * [[Juan Gris]] * [[Wassily Kandinsky]] * [[Henri Matisse]] * [[Joan Miró]] * [[Amedeo Modigliani]] * [[Piet Mondrian]] * [[Henry Moore]] * [[Pablo Picasso]] * [[Jackson Pollock]] * [[Andy Warhol]] === Entertainers === * [[The Beatles]] * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Bob Marley]] * [[Charlie Chaplin]] * [[Charlie Parker]] * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Groucho Marx]] * [[Jimi Hendrix]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Lucille Ball]] * [[Marilyn Monroe]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Pink Floyd]] * [[Queen (band)]] * [[Spike Jones]] * [[Spike Milligan]] * [[The Velvet Underground]] === Writers and poets === * [[Louis Aragon]] * [[Samuel Beckett]] * [[Jorge Luis Borges]] * [[André Breton]] * [[Basil Bunting]] * [[Albert Camus]] * [[Noam Chomsky]] * [[Cid Corman]] * [[Hart Crane]] * [[Robert Creeley]] * [[e. e. cummings]] * [[T. S. Eliot]] * [[Paul Eluard]] * [[William Faulkner]] * [[Gabriel García Márquez]] * [[Allen Ginsberg]] * [[Alamgir Hashmi]] * [[Seamus Heaney]] * [[Ernest Hemingway]] * [[H.D.]] * [[Orrick Johns]] * [[James Joyce]] * [[Franz Kafka]] * [[Jack Kerouac]] * [[Philip Larkin]] * [[Mina Loy]] * [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] * [[Antonio Machado]] * [[Andre Malraux]] * [[Marianne Moore]] * [[Sean O'Casey]] * [[Charles Olson]] * [[George Oppen]] * [[George Orwell]] * [[Ezra Pound]] * [[Marcel Proust]] * [[Thomas Pynchon]] * [[Ayn Rand]] * [[Charles Reznikoff]] * [[Dorothy Richardson]] * [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] * [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] * [[Gary Snyder]] * [[Gertrude Stein]] * [[Wallace Stevens]] * [[John Millington Synge]] * [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] * [[William Carlos Williams]] * [[Virginia Woolf]] * [[W. B. Yeats]] * [[Louis Zukofsky]] === Sports figures === * [[Babe Ruth]] * [[Muhammad Ali]] * [[Wilfred Benitez]] * [[Larry Bird]] * Sir [[Donald Bradman]] * [[Roberto Clemente]] * [[Fausto Coppi]] * [[Angel Cordero]] * [[Wilfredo Gomez]] * [[Wayne Gretzky]] * Sir [[Edmund Hillary]] * [[Magic Johnson]] * [[Michael Jordan]] * [[Martina Navratilova]] * [[Diego Maradona]] * [[Jack Nicklaus]] * [[Pelé]] * [[Jackie Robinson]] * [[Martin Strel]] * [[Mark Todd (NZ)|Mark Todd]] * [[Mike Tyson]] * [[Ted Williams]] === Notorious figures === * [[Adolf Hitler]] * [[Saddam Hussein]] * [[Joseph Goebbels]] * [[Osama bin Laden]] * [[Timothy McVeigh]] * [[Charles Manson]] * [[Harold Shipman]] * [[Josef Stalin]] * [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] == Decades and years == {{DekadeJeungTaun1|20}} {{Abad}} [[Kategori:Abad jeung Dékadeu]] 54mknywbxwyugvghw2nqmfyyvp0z8e4 630762 630761 2022-08-27T10:06:14Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki Minangka catetan waktu nu geus kaliwat, '''abad ka-20''' nyaéta taun-taun antara 1901-2000. Dumasar kana [[kalender Gregorian]]Abad ka-20 dimimitian ti [[1 Januari]] [[1901]] sarta dipungkas [[31 Desember]] [[2000]]. Sababaraha ahli sajarah nganggep jaman ti antara 1914 nepi ka 1991 minangka [[Abad Kaduapuluh hiji nu Pondok]] ''(Short Twentieth Century)''. {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 109%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1870-an]] * [[1880-an]] * [[1890-an]] * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * [[1920-an]] * [[1930-an]] |} <center>[[1900-an]] [[1910-an]] [[1920-an]] [[1930-an]] [[1940-an]] [[1950-an]] [[1960-an]] [[1970-an]] [[1980-an]] [[1990-an]]</center> <center>[[1901]] [[1902]] [[1903]] [[1904]] [[1905]] [[1906]] [[1907]] [[1908]] [[1909]] [[1910]]</center> <center>[[1911]] [[1912]] [[1913]] [[1914]] [[1915]] [[1916]] [[1917]] [[1918]] [[1919]] [[1920]]</center> <center>[[1921]] [[1922]] [[1923]] [[1924]] [[1925]] [[1926]] [[1927]] [[1928]] [[1929]] [[1930]]</center> <center>[[1931]] [[1932]] [[1933]] [[1934]] [[1935]] [[1936]] [[1937]] [[1938]] [[1939]] [[1940]]</center> <center>[[1941]] [[1942]] [[1943]] [[1944]] [[1945]] [[1946]] [[1947]] [[1948]] [[1949]] [[1950]]</center> <center>[[1951]] [[1952]] [[1953]] [[1954]] [[1955]] [[1956]] [[1957]] [[1958]] [[1959]] [[1960]]</center> <center>[[1961]] [[1962]] [[1963]] [[1964]] [[1965]] [[1966]] [[1967]] [[1968]] [[1969]] [[1970]]</center> <center>[[1971]] [[1972]] [[1973]] [[1974]] [[1975]] [[1976]] [[1977]] [[1978]] [[1979]] [[1980]]</center> <center>[[1981]] [[1982]] [[1983]] [[1984]] [[1985]] [[1986]] [[1987]] [[1988]] [[1989]] [[1990]]</center> <center>[[1991]] [[1992]] [[1993]] [[1994]] [[1995]] [[1996]] [[1997]] [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]]</center> {{Tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} Dina basa sapopoe, disebut "sarebu salapan ratus" ([[1000]]), nunjul kana taun [[1900]] nepika [[1999]]. The twentieth century was a remarkable shift in the very existence of humanity due to the technological, medical, social, idéological, and international innovations. Terms like [[genocide]], [[holocaust]], [[nuclear war]], and [[terrorism]] rose to common language and an influence on the lives of everyday péople. <!-- [[War]] reached an unprecedented scale where land and armies became one of many new (what??) --> The trends of mechanization of goods and services and networks of global communication, which were begun in the [[19th century]], continued at an ever-incréasing pace in the 20th. In spite of the terror and chaos, the 20th century saw many attempts at world péace. As the 35th United States présidént [[John F. Kennedy]] said: "What kind of peace do we seek? I am talking about a genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living. Not merely peace in our time, but peace in all time. Our problems are man-made, therefore they can be solved by man. For in the final analysis, our most basic common length is that we all inhabit this small planet, we all breath the same air, we all cherish our children's future, and we are all mortal." Virtually every aspect of life in virtually every human society changed in some fundamental way or another during the twentieth century. ---- * [[20th century/Death rates|Death rates]] * [[20th century/Infant mortality|Infant mortality]] * [[20th century/Infectious disease|Infectious disease]] * [[20th century/Life expectancy|Life expectancy]] * [[20th century/Maternal death rates|Maternal death rates]] * [[List of battles 1901-forward|Battles]] == Kamekaran penting, kajadian jeung beubeunangan == === Élmu jeung téhnologi === [[Gambar:AssemblyLine.jpg|thumb|250px|Line assembly Ford, 1913]] * The [[assembly line]] and [[mass production]] of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and chéaper products. This allowed the [[automobile]] to become the most important méans of transportation. * The invention of [[Airplane|heavier-than-air flying machines]] and the [[jet engine]] allowed for the world to become "smaller". [[Space science|Space flight]] incréased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global réal-time communications via [[geosynchronous satellite]]s. * [[Mass media]] technologies such as [[film]], [[radio]], and [[television]] allow the communication of political messages and entertainment with unprecedented impact * Mass availability of the [[telephone]] and later, the [[computer]], especially through the [[Internet]], provides péople with new opportunities for néar-instantanéous communication * Applied [[electronics]], notably in its miniaturized form as [[integrated circuit]]s, made possible the above mentioned rise of [[mass media]], telecommunications, ubiquitous [[Computer|computing]], and all kinds of "intelligent" appliances; as well as many advances in natural sciences such as physics, by the use of [[Moore's Law|exponentially growing]] calculation power (see [[supercomputer]]). * The development of [[Nitrogen]] fertilizer, [[pesticide]]s and [[herbicide]]s resulted in significantly higher agricultural yield. * Advances in fundamental [[physics]] through the [[theory of relativity]] and [[quantum mechanics]] led to the development of [[nuclear weapon]]s, the [[nuclear reactor]], and the [[laser]]. [[Fusion power]] was studied extensively but remained an experimental technology at the end of the century. * The [[big bang]] modél of [[cosmology]] was developed. * Inventions such as the [[washing machine]] and [[air conditioning]] led to an incréase in both the quantity and quality of [[leisure time]] for the [[middle class]] in Western societies. * Most influencing inventions in the 20th century: [[Antibiotics]], [[Internet]] * [[Timeline of invention#1900-1999|More...]] === Perang jeung pulitik === [[Gambar:WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikipedia_Article.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Warfare in the éarly 20th Century (1914-1918)'''<br />''Clockwise from top:'' [[front line]] [[Trench warfare|Trenches]], a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[Mark I (tank)|Mark I Tank]] crossing a trench, the [[Royal Navy]] [[battleship]] [[HMS Irresistible (1898)|HMS Irresistible]] sinking after striking a [[Naval mine|mine]] at the [[battle of the Dardanelles]], a [[Vickers machine gun]] crew with [[gas mask]]s and a [[Sopwith Camel]] [[biplane]].]] * Rising [[nationalism]] and incréasing national awareness were among the causes of [[World War I]], the first of two wars to involve all the major world powers including [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Jepang]], the [[United States]] and the [[British Commonwealth]]. World War I led to the création of many new countries, especially in [[Eastern Europe]]. * The economic and political aftermath of World War I led to the rise of [[Fascism]] and [[Nazism]] in Europe, and shortly to [[World War II]]. This war also involved Asia and the Pacific, in the form of [[Jepang|Japanese]] aggression against [[China]] and the United States. While the First World War mainly cost lives among soldiers, civilians suffered gréatly in the Second—from the bombing of cities on both sides, and in the unprecedented German [[genocide]] of the [[Jew]]s and others, known as the [[Holocaust]]. * Unhappiness in [[Russia]] led to the rise of [[Communism]] and the [[Russian Revolution]]. After the [[Soviet Union]]'s involvement in World War II, Communism became a major force in global politics, spréading all over the world: notably, to éastern [[Europe]], [[China]], [[Indochina]] and [[Cuba]]. This led to the [[Cold War]] with [[The West|the western world]], led by the [[United States]]. * The "fall of Communism" in the late [[1980s]] left the [[United States]] as the world's only [[superpower]]. It also led to the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] into successor states, many rife with [[ethnic nationalism]]. * Through the [[League of Nations]] and, after [[World War II]], the [[United Nations]], international cooperation incréased. Other efforts included the formation of the [[European Union]], léading to a common currency in much of [[Western Europe]], the [[euro]]. * The end of [[colonialism]] led to the independence of many nagara di [[Afrika]] jeung [[Asia]]. During the Cold War, many of these aligned with the USA, the USSR, or China for defense. * The création of [[Israel]], a [[Jew]]ish state in a mostly [[Arab]] region of the world, fueled many conflicts in the region, which were also influenced by the vast [[oil]] fields in many of the [[Arab]] countries. === Five overall largest mass killings of the 20th century === (méasured in numbers of péople killed; also see [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/misc/misery.html]) * [[World War II]] and regime of [[Adolf Hitler]] (1937-1945), over 50 million déad, including the [[Holocaust]], killing two-thirds of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] population of Europe (6&nbsp;million). * Regime of [[Mao Zedong]] and [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] famine (1949-1976), over 28 million déad. * Regime of [[Joseph Stalin]] (1924-1953), over 20 million déad. * [[World War I]] (1914-1918), over 15 million déad. * [[Russian Civil War]] (1918-1921), over 8.5 million déad. === Budaya jeung hiburan === [[Gambar:Film reel and film.jpg|thumb|250px|"[[Film]]" refers to the celluloid media on which motion pictures reside]] * [[Cinema|Movies]], [[music]] and the [[medium|media]] had a major influence on [[fashion]] and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the [[United States]], American culture spréad rapidly over the world. * After gaining political rights in the [[United States]] and much of [[Europe]] in the first part of the century, women became more independent throughout the century. * modérn art developed new styles such as [[expressionism]], [[cubism]], and [[surrealism]]. * The [[automobile]] provided vastly incréased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the éarly to mid-century, spréading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a léading symbol of modérn society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles. * [[Sport]]s became an important part of society, becoming an activity not only for the privileged. Watching sports, later also on [[television]], became a popular activity. ==== Highest grossing films of the 20th century ==== # [[Titanic (1997 movie)|Titanic]] (1997) # [[Star Wars]] (1977) # [[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]] (1999) # [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]] (1982) # [[Jurassic Park]] (1993) ==== Most critically acclaimed films ==== * [[Battleship Potemkin]] (1925) * [[Citizen Kane]] (1941) * [[Psycho]] (1960) * [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 movie)|The Wizard of Oz]] (1939) * [[2001: A Space Odyssey]] (1968) * [[The Godfather]] (1972) * [[It's a Wonderful Life]] (1946) === Disease and medicine === * Though modérn medicine is better than ever, an [[influenza]] pandemic kills 25 million in [[1918]]-[[1919]] (the [[Spanish Flu]]), while [[AIDS]], killing many remains incurable and tréatments remain too expensive for wide use in [[developing countries]]. * Advances in [[medicine]], such as the invention of [[antibiotic]]s, decréased the number of péople dying from diséases. [[Contraceptive]] drugs and [[organ transplantation]] were developed. The discovery of [[DNA]] molecules and the advent of [[molecular biology]] allowed for [[cloning]] and [[genetic engineering]]. === Natural resources and the environment === * The widespréad use of [[petroleum]] in industry—both as a chemical precursor to [[plastic]]s and as a fuel for the [[automobile]] and [[airplane]]—led to the vital géopolitical importance of petroleum resources. The [[Middle East]], home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of géopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century. * A vast incréase in [[fossil fuel]] consumption léads to depletion of natural resources, while [[air pollution]] possibly léads to [[global warming]] and the [[ozone hole]]. The problem is incréased by world-wide [[deforestation]], also causing a loss of [[biodiversity]]. The problem of a depletion of natural resources is decréased by advances in drilling technology which led to a net incréase in the amount of fossil fuel that is réadily obtainable at the end of the century, as compared with the amount considered obtainable at the beginning of the century. == Significant people == === Pamingpin dunya === * [[Afrika]] ** [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]], [[Togo]] ** [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ** [[Kenneth Kaunda]], [[Zambia]] ** [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Kenya]] ** [[Idi Amin]], [[Uganda]] ** [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Zimbabwe]] ** [[Gamal Abdal Nasser|Gamal Abdel Nasser]], [[Mesir]] ** [[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[Ghana]] ** [[Julius Nyerere]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Habib Bourguiba]], [[Tunisia]] ** Colonel [[Moammar Al Qadhafi|Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Libya]] ** [[Cecil Rhodes]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Haile Selassie]], [[Étiopia]] ** [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]], [[Senegal]] ** [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]], [[Guinea]] * [[Amérika]] ** [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Dwight Eisenhower]], [[AS]] ** [[John F. Kennedy]], [[AS]] ** [[Richard Nixon]], [[AS]] ** [[Ronald Reagan]], [[AS]] ** [[Bill Clinton]], [[AS]] ** [[George H. W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[George W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[Wilfrid Laurier]], [[Kanada]] ** [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Pierre Trudeau]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Che Guevara|Ernesto 'Che' Guevara]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Fidel Castro]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Juan Peron|Juan Perón]], [[Argentina]] ** [[Salvador Allende]], [[Chili]] ** [[Augusto Pinochet]], [[Chili]] ** [[Emiliano Zápata]], [[Meksiko]] ** [[Pancho Villa]], [[Meksiko]] * [[Asia]] ** [[Mao Zedong]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Pol Pot]], [[Cambodia]] ** [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Indira Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Pakistan]] ** [[Mahathir Mohamad]], [[Malaysia]] ** [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[India]] ** [[Kaisar Hirohito]], [[Jepang]] ** [[Ho Chi Minh]], [[Vietnam]] ** [[Sun Yat-sen]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Chiang Kai-shek]], [[Republik Cina]] ** Achmad [[Sukarno]], [[Indonesia]] ** [[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Singapura]] * [[Eropa]] ** [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[Turki]] ** [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Winston Churchill]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Charles de Gaulle]], [[Prancis]] ** [[Eamon de Valera]], [[Republik Irlandia|Irlandia]] ** [[Franz Ferdinand, Archduke Austria]], [[Austria-Hungaria]] ** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Václav Havel]], [[Républik Céko]] ** [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Schmidt]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Kohl]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Gerhard Schröder]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Benito Mussolini]], [[Itali]] ** [[Francisco Franco]], [[Spanyol]] ** [[Jozef Pilsudski]], [[Polandia]] ** [[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz 'Tito']], [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] ** [[Milan Kucan|Milan Kučan]], [[Slovenia]] ** [[Olof Palme]], [[Swedia]] ** [[Nicolae Ceausescu]], [[Romania]] ** [[Lech Walesa]], [[Polandia]] ** [[John Paul II]], [[Dunya]] * [[Wétan Tengah]] ** [[Abdul Nasser]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[Anwar Sadat]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Israel]] ** [[Golda Meir]], [[Israel]] ** [[Menachem Begin]], [[Israel]] ** [[Hafez el Assad]], [[Syria]] ** [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Irak]] ** [[King Hussein]], [[Yordania]] * [[Rusia]] jeung [[Uni Soviet]] ** [[Czar Nicholas II]] ** [[Vladimir Lenin]] ** [[Joseph Stalin]] ** [[Leon Trotsky]] ** [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ** [[Leonid Brezhnev]] ** [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] ** [[Boris Yeltsin]] ** [[Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin]] === Scientists === * [[Niels Bohr]] * [[Albert Einstein]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Howard Walter Florey]] * [[Sigmund Freud]] * [[Kurt Gödel]] * [[Fritz Haber]] * [[Werner Karl Heisenberg]] * [[Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov]] * [[Linus Pauling]] * [[Erwin Schrödinger]] * [[John von Neumann]] * [[Alan Turing]] === Economics and business === * [[John Maynard Keynes]] * [[John Kenneth Galbraith]] * [[Milton Friedman]] * [[Henry Ford]] * [[Thomas J. Watson]] * [[Bill Gates]] === Aerospace pioneers === * [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]] * [[Wernher Von Braun]] * [[Neil Armstrong]] * [[Louis Bleriot]] * [[Yuri Gagarin]] * [[Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov]] * [[Freddie Laker]] * [[Charles Lindbergh]] * [[Ronald E. McNair|Ron McNair]] * [[Ellison S. Onizuka|Ellison Onizuka]] * [[Herman Potocnik|Herman Potočnik Noordung]] * [[Alan Shepard]] * [[Valentina Tereshkova]] * [[Wright Brothers]] === Military leaders === * [[Charles de Gaulle]] * [[Dwight Eisenhower]] * Sir [[Bernard Freyberg]] * [[Douglas Haig]] * [[Douglas MacArthur]] * [[Rudolf Maister]] * [[Bernard Montgomery]] * [[Chester Nimitz]] * [[George Patton]] * [[Erwin Rommel]] * [[Franc Rozman Stane]] * [[Leon Trotsky]] * [[Mao Zedong]] * [[Georgy Zhukov]] === Religious figures === * [[Grigori Rasputin]] * [[Pope John XXIII]] * [[Pope John Paul II]] * [[Mother Theresa]] of [[Calcutta]] * The 13th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Thubten Gyatso]] * The 14th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Tenzin Gyatso]] * The Rev. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] * The Rev. [[Billy Graham]] * [[Mohandas Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] * [[Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta]] === Artists === * [[Constatin Brancusi]] * [[George Braque]] * [[Salvador Dalí]] * [[Marcel Duchamp]] * [[Jacob Epstein]] * [[Juan Gris]] * [[Wassily Kandinsky]] * [[Henri Matisse]] * [[Joan Miró]] * [[Amedeo Modigliani]] * [[Piet Mondrian]] * [[Henry Moore]] * [[Pablo Picasso]] * [[Jackson Pollock]] * [[Andy Warhol]] === Entertainers === * [[The Beatles]] * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Bob Marley]] * [[Charlie Chaplin]] * [[Charlie Parker]] * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Groucho Marx]] * [[Jimi Hendrix]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Lucille Ball]] * [[Marilyn Monroe]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Pink Floyd]] * [[Queen (band)]] * [[Spike Jones]] * [[Spike Milligan]] * [[The Velvet Underground]] === Writers and poets === * [[Louis Aragon]] * [[Samuel Beckett]] * [[Jorge Luis Borges]] * [[André Breton]] * [[Basil Bunting]] * [[Albert Camus]] * [[Noam Chomsky]] * [[Cid Corman]] * [[Hart Crane]] * [[Robert Creeley]] * [[e. e. cummings]] * [[T. S. Eliot]] * [[Paul Eluard]] * [[William Faulkner]] * [[Gabriel García Márquez]] * [[Allen Ginsberg]] * [[Alamgir Hashmi]] * [[Seamus Heaney]] * [[Ernest Hemingway]] * [[H.D.]] * [[Orrick Johns]] * [[James Joyce]] * [[Franz Kafka]] * [[Jack Kerouac]] * [[Philip Larkin]] * [[Mina Loy]] * [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] * [[Antonio Machado]] * [[Andre Malraux]] * [[Marianne Moore]] * [[Sean O'Casey]] * [[Charles Olson]] * [[George Oppen]] * [[George Orwell]] * [[Ezra Pound]] * [[Marcel Proust]] * [[Thomas Pynchon]] * [[Ayn Rand]] * [[Charles Reznikoff]] * [[Dorothy Richardson]] * [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] * [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] * [[Gary Snyder]] * [[Gertrude Stein]] * [[Wallace Stevens]] * [[John Millington Synge]] * [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] * [[William Carlos Williams]] * [[Virginia Woolf]] * [[W. B. Yeats]] * [[Louis Zukofsky]] === Sports figures === * [[Babe Ruth]] * [[Muhammad Ali]] * [[Wilfred Benitez]] * [[Larry Bird]] * Sir [[Donald Bradman]] * [[Roberto Clemente]] * [[Fausto Coppi]] * [[Angel Cordero]] * [[Wilfredo Gomez]] * [[Wayne Gretzky]] * Sir [[Edmund Hillary]] * [[Magic Johnson]] * [[Michael Jordan]] * [[Martina Navratilova]] * [[Diego Maradona]] * [[Jack Nicklaus]] * [[Pelé]] * [[Jackie Robinson]] * [[Martin Strel]] * [[Mark Todd (NZ)|Mark Todd]] * [[Mike Tyson]] * [[Ted Williams]] === Notorious figures === * [[Adolf Hitler]] * [[Saddam Hussein]] * [[Joseph Goebbels]] * [[Osama bin Laden]] * [[Timothy McVeigh]] * [[Charles Manson]] * [[Harold Shipman]] * [[Josef Stalin]] * [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] == Decades and years == {{DekadeJeungTaun1|20}} {{Abad}} [[Kategori:Abad jeung Dékadeu]] 7ap65eztu3rvq82m2gapfvx2sicddsp 630763 630762 2022-08-27T10:07:37Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki Minangka catetan waktu nu geus kaliwat, '''abad ka-20''' nyaéta taun-taun antara 1901-2000. Dumasar kana [[kalender Gregorian]]Abad ka-20 dimimitian ti [[1 Januari]] [[1901]] sarta dipungkas [[31 Desember]] [[2000]]. Sababaraha ahli sajarah nganggep jaman ti antara 1914 nepi ka 1991 minangka [[Abad Kaduapuluh hiji nu Pondok]] ''(Short Twentieth Century)''. {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 109%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1870-an]] * [[1880-an]] * [[1890-an]] * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * [[1920-an]] * [[1930-an]] |} {{Tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} <center>[[1900-an]] [[1910-an]] [[1920-an]] [[1930-an]] [[1940-an]] [[1950-an]] [[1960-an]] [[1970-an]] [[1980-an]] [[1990-an]]</center> <center>[[1901]] [[1902]] [[1903]] [[1904]] [[1905]] [[1906]] [[1907]] [[1908]] [[1909]] [[1910]]</center> <center>[[1911]] [[1912]] [[1913]] [[1914]] [[1915]] [[1916]] [[1917]] [[1918]] [[1919]] [[1920]]</center> <center>[[1921]] [[1922]] [[1923]] [[1924]] [[1925]] [[1926]] [[1927]] [[1928]] [[1929]] [[1930]]</center> <center>[[1931]] [[1932]] [[1933]] [[1934]] [[1935]] [[1936]] [[1937]] [[1938]] [[1939]] [[1940]]</center> <center>[[1941]] [[1942]] [[1943]] [[1944]] [[1945]] [[1946]] [[1947]] [[1948]] [[1949]] [[1950]]</center> <center>[[1951]] [[1952]] [[1953]] [[1954]] [[1955]] [[1956]] [[1957]] [[1958]] [[1959]] [[1960]]</center> <center>[[1961]] [[1962]] [[1963]] [[1964]] [[1965]] [[1966]] [[1967]] [[1968]] [[1969]] [[1970]]</center> <center>[[1971]] [[1972]] [[1973]] [[1974]] [[1975]] [[1976]] [[1977]] [[1978]] [[1979]] [[1980]]</center> <center>[[1981]] [[1982]] [[1983]] [[1984]] [[1985]] [[1986]] [[1987]] [[1988]] [[1989]] [[1990]]</center> <center>[[1991]] [[1992]] [[1993]] [[1994]] [[1995]] [[1996]] [[1997]] [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]]</center> Dina basa sapopoe, disebut "sarebu salapan ratus" ([[1000]]), nunjul kana taun [[1900]] nepika [[1999]]. The twentieth century was a remarkable shift in the very existence of humanity due to the technological, medical, social, idéological, and international innovations. Terms like [[genocide]], [[holocaust]], [[nuclear war]], and [[terrorism]] rose to common language and an influence on the lives of everyday péople. <!-- [[War]] reached an unprecedented scale where land and armies became one of many new (what??) --> The trends of mechanization of goods and services and networks of global communication, which were begun in the [[19th century]], continued at an ever-incréasing pace in the 20th. In spite of the terror and chaos, the 20th century saw many attempts at world péace. As the 35th United States présidént [[John F. Kennedy]] said: "What kind of peace do we seek? I am talking about a genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living. Not merely peace in our time, but peace in all time. Our problems are man-made, therefore they can be solved by man. For in the final analysis, our most basic common length is that we all inhabit this small planet, we all breath the same air, we all cherish our children's future, and we are all mortal." Virtually every aspect of life in virtually every human society changed in some fundamental way or another during the twentieth century. ---- * [[20th century/Death rates|Death rates]] * [[20th century/Infant mortality|Infant mortality]] * [[20th century/Infectious disease|Infectious disease]] * [[20th century/Life expectancy|Life expectancy]] * [[20th century/Maternal death rates|Maternal death rates]] * [[List of battles 1901-forward|Battles]] == Kamekaran penting, kajadian jeung beubeunangan == === Élmu jeung téhnologi === [[Gambar:AssemblyLine.jpg|thumb|250px|Line assembly Ford, 1913]] * The [[assembly line]] and [[mass production]] of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and chéaper products. This allowed the [[automobile]] to become the most important méans of transportation. * The invention of [[Airplane|heavier-than-air flying machines]] and the [[jet engine]] allowed for the world to become "smaller". [[Space science|Space flight]] incréased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global réal-time communications via [[geosynchronous satellite]]s. * [[Mass media]] technologies such as [[film]], [[radio]], and [[television]] allow the communication of political messages and entertainment with unprecedented impact * Mass availability of the [[telephone]] and later, the [[computer]], especially through the [[Internet]], provides péople with new opportunities for néar-instantanéous communication * Applied [[electronics]], notably in its miniaturized form as [[integrated circuit]]s, made possible the above mentioned rise of [[mass media]], telecommunications, ubiquitous [[Computer|computing]], and all kinds of "intelligent" appliances; as well as many advances in natural sciences such as physics, by the use of [[Moore's Law|exponentially growing]] calculation power (see [[supercomputer]]). * The development of [[Nitrogen]] fertilizer, [[pesticide]]s and [[herbicide]]s resulted in significantly higher agricultural yield. * Advances in fundamental [[physics]] through the [[theory of relativity]] and [[quantum mechanics]] led to the development of [[nuclear weapon]]s, the [[nuclear reactor]], and the [[laser]]. [[Fusion power]] was studied extensively but remained an experimental technology at the end of the century. * The [[big bang]] modél of [[cosmology]] was developed. * Inventions such as the [[washing machine]] and [[air conditioning]] led to an incréase in both the quantity and quality of [[leisure time]] for the [[middle class]] in Western societies. * Most influencing inventions in the 20th century: [[Antibiotics]], [[Internet]] * [[Timeline of invention#1900-1999|More...]] === Perang jeung pulitik === [[Gambar:WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikipedia_Article.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Warfare in the éarly 20th Century (1914-1918)'''<br />''Clockwise from top:'' [[front line]] [[Trench warfare|Trenches]], a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[Mark I (tank)|Mark I Tank]] crossing a trench, the [[Royal Navy]] [[battleship]] [[HMS Irresistible (1898)|HMS Irresistible]] sinking after striking a [[Naval mine|mine]] at the [[battle of the Dardanelles]], a [[Vickers machine gun]] crew with [[gas mask]]s and a [[Sopwith Camel]] [[biplane]].]] * Rising [[nationalism]] and incréasing national awareness were among the causes of [[World War I]], the first of two wars to involve all the major world powers including [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Jepang]], the [[United States]] and the [[British Commonwealth]]. World War I led to the création of many new countries, especially in [[Eastern Europe]]. * The economic and political aftermath of World War I led to the rise of [[Fascism]] and [[Nazism]] in Europe, and shortly to [[World War II]]. This war also involved Asia and the Pacific, in the form of [[Jepang|Japanese]] aggression against [[China]] and the United States. While the First World War mainly cost lives among soldiers, civilians suffered gréatly in the Second—from the bombing of cities on both sides, and in the unprecedented German [[genocide]] of the [[Jew]]s and others, known as the [[Holocaust]]. * Unhappiness in [[Russia]] led to the rise of [[Communism]] and the [[Russian Revolution]]. After the [[Soviet Union]]'s involvement in World War II, Communism became a major force in global politics, spréading all over the world: notably, to éastern [[Europe]], [[China]], [[Indochina]] and [[Cuba]]. This led to the [[Cold War]] with [[The West|the western world]], led by the [[United States]]. * The "fall of Communism" in the late [[1980s]] left the [[United States]] as the world's only [[superpower]]. It also led to the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] into successor states, many rife with [[ethnic nationalism]]. * Through the [[League of Nations]] and, after [[World War II]], the [[United Nations]], international cooperation incréased. Other efforts included the formation of the [[European Union]], léading to a common currency in much of [[Western Europe]], the [[euro]]. * The end of [[colonialism]] led to the independence of many nagara di [[Afrika]] jeung [[Asia]]. During the Cold War, many of these aligned with the USA, the USSR, or China for defense. * The création of [[Israel]], a [[Jew]]ish state in a mostly [[Arab]] region of the world, fueled many conflicts in the region, which were also influenced by the vast [[oil]] fields in many of the [[Arab]] countries. === Five overall largest mass killings of the 20th century === (méasured in numbers of péople killed; also see [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/misc/misery.html]) * [[World War II]] and regime of [[Adolf Hitler]] (1937-1945), over 50 million déad, including the [[Holocaust]], killing two-thirds of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] population of Europe (6&nbsp;million). * Regime of [[Mao Zedong]] and [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] famine (1949-1976), over 28 million déad. * Regime of [[Joseph Stalin]] (1924-1953), over 20 million déad. * [[World War I]] (1914-1918), over 15 million déad. * [[Russian Civil War]] (1918-1921), over 8.5 million déad. === Budaya jeung hiburan === [[Gambar:Film reel and film.jpg|thumb|250px|"[[Film]]" refers to the celluloid media on which motion pictures reside]] * [[Cinema|Movies]], [[music]] and the [[medium|media]] had a major influence on [[fashion]] and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the [[United States]], American culture spréad rapidly over the world. * After gaining political rights in the [[United States]] and much of [[Europe]] in the first part of the century, women became more independent throughout the century. * modérn art developed new styles such as [[expressionism]], [[cubism]], and [[surrealism]]. * The [[automobile]] provided vastly incréased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the éarly to mid-century, spréading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a léading symbol of modérn society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles. * [[Sport]]s became an important part of society, becoming an activity not only for the privileged. Watching sports, later also on [[television]], became a popular activity. ==== Highest grossing films of the 20th century ==== # [[Titanic (1997 movie)|Titanic]] (1997) # [[Star Wars]] (1977) # [[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]] (1999) # [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]] (1982) # [[Jurassic Park]] (1993) ==== Most critically acclaimed films ==== * [[Battleship Potemkin]] (1925) * [[Citizen Kane]] (1941) * [[Psycho]] (1960) * [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 movie)|The Wizard of Oz]] (1939) * [[2001: A Space Odyssey]] (1968) * [[The Godfather]] (1972) * [[It's a Wonderful Life]] (1946) === Disease and medicine === * Though modérn medicine is better than ever, an [[influenza]] pandemic kills 25 million in [[1918]]-[[1919]] (the [[Spanish Flu]]), while [[AIDS]], killing many remains incurable and tréatments remain too expensive for wide use in [[developing countries]]. * Advances in [[medicine]], such as the invention of [[antibiotic]]s, decréased the number of péople dying from diséases. [[Contraceptive]] drugs and [[organ transplantation]] were developed. The discovery of [[DNA]] molecules and the advent of [[molecular biology]] allowed for [[cloning]] and [[genetic engineering]]. === Natural resources and the environment === * The widespréad use of [[petroleum]] in industry—both as a chemical precursor to [[plastic]]s and as a fuel for the [[automobile]] and [[airplane]]—led to the vital géopolitical importance of petroleum resources. The [[Middle East]], home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of géopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century. * A vast incréase in [[fossil fuel]] consumption léads to depletion of natural resources, while [[air pollution]] possibly léads to [[global warming]] and the [[ozone hole]]. The problem is incréased by world-wide [[deforestation]], also causing a loss of [[biodiversity]]. The problem of a depletion of natural resources is decréased by advances in drilling technology which led to a net incréase in the amount of fossil fuel that is réadily obtainable at the end of the century, as compared with the amount considered obtainable at the beginning of the century. == Significant people == === Pamingpin dunya === * [[Afrika]] ** [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]], [[Togo]] ** [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ** [[Kenneth Kaunda]], [[Zambia]] ** [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Kenya]] ** [[Idi Amin]], [[Uganda]] ** [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Zimbabwe]] ** [[Gamal Abdal Nasser|Gamal Abdel Nasser]], [[Mesir]] ** [[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[Ghana]] ** [[Julius Nyerere]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Habib Bourguiba]], [[Tunisia]] ** Colonel [[Moammar Al Qadhafi|Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Libya]] ** [[Cecil Rhodes]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Haile Selassie]], [[Étiopia]] ** [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]], [[Senegal]] ** [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]], [[Guinea]] * [[Amérika]] ** [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Dwight Eisenhower]], [[AS]] ** [[John F. Kennedy]], [[AS]] ** [[Richard Nixon]], [[AS]] ** [[Ronald Reagan]], [[AS]] ** [[Bill Clinton]], [[AS]] ** [[George H. W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[George W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[Wilfrid Laurier]], [[Kanada]] ** [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Pierre Trudeau]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Che Guevara|Ernesto 'Che' Guevara]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Fidel Castro]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Juan Peron|Juan Perón]], [[Argentina]] ** [[Salvador Allende]], [[Chili]] ** [[Augusto Pinochet]], [[Chili]] ** [[Emiliano Zápata]], [[Meksiko]] ** [[Pancho Villa]], [[Meksiko]] * [[Asia]] ** [[Mao Zedong]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Pol Pot]], [[Cambodia]] ** [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Indira Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Pakistan]] ** [[Mahathir Mohamad]], [[Malaysia]] ** [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[India]] ** [[Kaisar Hirohito]], [[Jepang]] ** [[Ho Chi Minh]], [[Vietnam]] ** [[Sun Yat-sen]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Chiang Kai-shek]], [[Republik Cina]] ** Achmad [[Sukarno]], [[Indonesia]] ** [[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Singapura]] * [[Eropa]] ** [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[Turki]] ** [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Winston Churchill]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Charles de Gaulle]], [[Prancis]] ** [[Eamon de Valera]], [[Republik Irlandia|Irlandia]] ** [[Franz Ferdinand, Archduke Austria]], [[Austria-Hungaria]] ** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Václav Havel]], [[Républik Céko]] ** [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Schmidt]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Kohl]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Gerhard Schröder]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Benito Mussolini]], [[Itali]] ** [[Francisco Franco]], [[Spanyol]] ** [[Jozef Pilsudski]], [[Polandia]] ** [[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz 'Tito']], [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] ** [[Milan Kucan|Milan Kučan]], [[Slovenia]] ** [[Olof Palme]], [[Swedia]] ** [[Nicolae Ceausescu]], [[Romania]] ** [[Lech Walesa]], [[Polandia]] ** [[John Paul II]], [[Dunya]] * [[Wétan Tengah]] ** [[Abdul Nasser]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[Anwar Sadat]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Israel]] ** [[Golda Meir]], [[Israel]] ** [[Menachem Begin]], [[Israel]] ** [[Hafez el Assad]], [[Syria]] ** [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Irak]] ** [[King Hussein]], [[Yordania]] * [[Rusia]] jeung [[Uni Soviet]] ** [[Czar Nicholas II]] ** [[Vladimir Lenin]] ** [[Joseph Stalin]] ** [[Leon Trotsky]] ** [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ** [[Leonid Brezhnev]] ** [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] ** [[Boris Yeltsin]] ** [[Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin]] === Scientists === * [[Niels Bohr]] * [[Albert Einstein]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Howard Walter Florey]] * [[Sigmund Freud]] * [[Kurt Gödel]] * [[Fritz Haber]] * [[Werner Karl Heisenberg]] * [[Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov]] * [[Linus Pauling]] * [[Erwin Schrödinger]] * [[John von Neumann]] * [[Alan Turing]] === Economics and business === * [[John Maynard Keynes]] * [[John Kenneth Galbraith]] * [[Milton Friedman]] * [[Henry Ford]] * [[Thomas J. Watson]] * [[Bill Gates]] === Aerospace pioneers === * [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]] * [[Wernher Von Braun]] * [[Neil Armstrong]] * [[Louis Bleriot]] * [[Yuri Gagarin]] * [[Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov]] * [[Freddie Laker]] * [[Charles Lindbergh]] * [[Ronald E. McNair|Ron McNair]] * [[Ellison S. Onizuka|Ellison Onizuka]] * [[Herman Potocnik|Herman Potočnik Noordung]] * [[Alan Shepard]] * [[Valentina Tereshkova]] * [[Wright Brothers]] === Military leaders === * [[Charles de Gaulle]] * [[Dwight Eisenhower]] * Sir [[Bernard Freyberg]] * [[Douglas Haig]] * [[Douglas MacArthur]] * [[Rudolf Maister]] * [[Bernard Montgomery]] * [[Chester Nimitz]] * [[George Patton]] * [[Erwin Rommel]] * [[Franc Rozman Stane]] * [[Leon Trotsky]] * [[Mao Zedong]] * [[Georgy Zhukov]] === Religious figures === * [[Grigori Rasputin]] * [[Pope John XXIII]] * [[Pope John Paul II]] * [[Mother Theresa]] of [[Calcutta]] * The 13th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Thubten Gyatso]] * The 14th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Tenzin Gyatso]] * The Rev. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] * The Rev. [[Billy Graham]] * [[Mohandas Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] * [[Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta]] === Artists === * [[Constatin Brancusi]] * [[George Braque]] * [[Salvador Dalí]] * [[Marcel Duchamp]] * [[Jacob Epstein]] * [[Juan Gris]] * [[Wassily Kandinsky]] * [[Henri Matisse]] * [[Joan Miró]] * [[Amedeo Modigliani]] * [[Piet Mondrian]] * [[Henry Moore]] * [[Pablo Picasso]] * [[Jackson Pollock]] * [[Andy Warhol]] === Entertainers === * [[The Beatles]] * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Bob Marley]] * [[Charlie Chaplin]] * [[Charlie Parker]] * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Groucho Marx]] * [[Jimi Hendrix]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Lucille Ball]] * [[Marilyn Monroe]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Pink Floyd]] * [[Queen (band)]] * [[Spike Jones]] * [[Spike Milligan]] * [[The Velvet Underground]] === Writers and poets === * [[Louis Aragon]] * [[Samuel Beckett]] * [[Jorge Luis Borges]] * [[André Breton]] * [[Basil Bunting]] * [[Albert Camus]] * [[Noam Chomsky]] * [[Cid Corman]] * [[Hart Crane]] * [[Robert Creeley]] * [[e. e. cummings]] * [[T. S. Eliot]] * [[Paul Eluard]] * [[William Faulkner]] * [[Gabriel García Márquez]] * [[Allen Ginsberg]] * [[Alamgir Hashmi]] * [[Seamus Heaney]] * [[Ernest Hemingway]] * [[H.D.]] * [[Orrick Johns]] * [[James Joyce]] * [[Franz Kafka]] * [[Jack Kerouac]] * [[Philip Larkin]] * [[Mina Loy]] * [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] * [[Antonio Machado]] * [[Andre Malraux]] * [[Marianne Moore]] * [[Sean O'Casey]] * [[Charles Olson]] * [[George Oppen]] * [[George Orwell]] * [[Ezra Pound]] * [[Marcel Proust]] * [[Thomas Pynchon]] * [[Ayn Rand]] * [[Charles Reznikoff]] * [[Dorothy Richardson]] * [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] * [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] * [[Gary Snyder]] * [[Gertrude Stein]] * [[Wallace Stevens]] * [[John Millington Synge]] * [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] * [[William Carlos Williams]] * [[Virginia Woolf]] * [[W. B. Yeats]] * [[Louis Zukofsky]] === Sports figures === * [[Babe Ruth]] * [[Muhammad Ali]] * [[Wilfred Benitez]] * [[Larry Bird]] * Sir [[Donald Bradman]] * [[Roberto Clemente]] * [[Fausto Coppi]] * [[Angel Cordero]] * [[Wilfredo Gomez]] * [[Wayne Gretzky]] * Sir [[Edmund Hillary]] * [[Magic Johnson]] * [[Michael Jordan]] * [[Martina Navratilova]] * [[Diego Maradona]] * [[Jack Nicklaus]] * [[Pelé]] * [[Jackie Robinson]] * [[Martin Strel]] * [[Mark Todd (NZ)|Mark Todd]] * [[Mike Tyson]] * [[Ted Williams]] === Notorious figures === * [[Adolf Hitler]] * [[Saddam Hussein]] * [[Joseph Goebbels]] * [[Osama bin Laden]] * [[Timothy McVeigh]] * [[Charles Manson]] * [[Harold Shipman]] * [[Josef Stalin]] * [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] == Decades and years == {{DekadeJeungTaun1|20}} {{Abad}} [[Kategori:Abad jeung Dékadeu]] iwn4qkkavnq9jmuqxf535rj33u0yjjm 630764 630763 2022-08-27T10:11:17Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki Minangka catetan waktu nu geus kaliwat, '''abad ka-20''' nyaéta taun-taun antara 1901-2000. Dumasar kana [[kalender Gregorian]]Abad ka-20 dimimitian ti [[1 Januari]] [[1901]] sarta dipungkas [[31 Desember]] [[2000]]. Sababaraha ahli sajarah nganggep jaman ti antara 1914 nepi ka 1991 minangka [[Abad Kaduapuluh hiji nu Pondok]] ''(Short Twentieth Century)''. {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 109%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * [[1920-an]] * [[1930-an]] * [[1940-an]] * [[1950-an]] * [[1960-an]] * [[1970-an]] * [[1980-an]] * [[1990-an]] |} {{Tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} <center>[[1900-an]] [[1910-an]] [[1920-an]] [[1930-an]] [[1940-an]] [[1950-an]] [[1960-an]] [[1970-an]] [[1980-an]] [[1990-an]]</center> <center>[[1901]] [[1902]] [[1903]] [[1904]] [[1905]] [[1906]] [[1907]] [[1908]] [[1909]] [[1910]]</center> <center>[[1911]] [[1912]] [[1913]] [[1914]] [[1915]] [[1916]] [[1917]] [[1918]] [[1919]] [[1920]]</center> <center>[[1921]] [[1922]] [[1923]] [[1924]] [[1925]] [[1926]] [[1927]] [[1928]] [[1929]] [[1930]]</center> <center>[[1931]] [[1932]] [[1933]] [[1934]] [[1935]] [[1936]] [[1937]] [[1938]] [[1939]] [[1940]]</center> <center>[[1941]] [[1942]] [[1943]] [[1944]] [[1945]] [[1946]] [[1947]] [[1948]] [[1949]] [[1950]]</center> <center>[[1951]] [[1952]] [[1953]] [[1954]] [[1955]] [[1956]] [[1957]] [[1958]] [[1959]] [[1960]]</center> <center>[[1961]] [[1962]] [[1963]] [[1964]] [[1965]] [[1966]] [[1967]] [[1968]] [[1969]] [[1970]]</center> <center>[[1971]] [[1972]] [[1973]] [[1974]] [[1975]] [[1976]] [[1977]] [[1978]] [[1979]] [[1980]]</center> <center>[[1981]] [[1982]] [[1983]] [[1984]] [[1985]] [[1986]] [[1987]] [[1988]] [[1989]] [[1990]]</center> <center>[[1991]] [[1992]] [[1993]] [[1994]] [[1995]] [[1996]] [[1997]] [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]]</center> Dina basa sapopoe, disebut "sarebu salapan ratus" ([[1000]]), nunjul kana taun [[1900]] nepika [[1999]]. The twentieth century was a remarkable shift in the very existence of humanity due to the technological, medical, social, idéological, and international innovations. Terms like [[genocide]], [[holocaust]], [[nuclear war]], and [[terrorism]] rose to common language and an influence on the lives of everyday péople. <!-- [[War]] reached an unprecedented scale where land and armies became one of many new (what??) --> The trends of mechanization of goods and services and networks of global communication, which were begun in the [[19th century]], continued at an ever-incréasing pace in the 20th. In spite of the terror and chaos, the 20th century saw many attempts at world péace. As the 35th United States présidént [[John F. Kennedy]] said: "What kind of peace do we seek? I am talking about a genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living. Not merely peace in our time, but peace in all time. Our problems are man-made, therefore they can be solved by man. For in the final analysis, our most basic common length is that we all inhabit this small planet, we all breath the same air, we all cherish our children's future, and we are all mortal." Virtually every aspect of life in virtually every human society changed in some fundamental way or another during the twentieth century. ---- * [[20th century/Death rates|Death rates]] * [[20th century/Infant mortality|Infant mortality]] * [[20th century/Infectious disease|Infectious disease]] * [[20th century/Life expectancy|Life expectancy]] * [[20th century/Maternal death rates|Maternal death rates]] * [[List of battles 1901-forward|Battles]] == Kamekaran penting, kajadian jeung beubeunangan == === Élmu jeung téhnologi === [[Gambar:AssemblyLine.jpg|thumb|250px|Line assembly Ford, 1913]] * The [[assembly line]] and [[mass production]] of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and chéaper products. This allowed the [[automobile]] to become the most important méans of transportation. * The invention of [[Airplane|heavier-than-air flying machines]] and the [[jet engine]] allowed for the world to become "smaller". [[Space science|Space flight]] incréased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global réal-time communications via [[geosynchronous satellite]]s. * [[Mass media]] technologies such as [[film]], [[radio]], and [[television]] allow the communication of political messages and entertainment with unprecedented impact * Mass availability of the [[telephone]] and later, the [[computer]], especially through the [[Internet]], provides péople with new opportunities for néar-instantanéous communication * Applied [[electronics]], notably in its miniaturized form as [[integrated circuit]]s, made possible the above mentioned rise of [[mass media]], telecommunications, ubiquitous [[Computer|computing]], and all kinds of "intelligent" appliances; as well as many advances in natural sciences such as physics, by the use of [[Moore's Law|exponentially growing]] calculation power (see [[supercomputer]]). * The development of [[Nitrogen]] fertilizer, [[pesticide]]s and [[herbicide]]s resulted in significantly higher agricultural yield. * Advances in fundamental [[physics]] through the [[theory of relativity]] and [[quantum mechanics]] led to the development of [[nuclear weapon]]s, the [[nuclear reactor]], and the [[laser]]. [[Fusion power]] was studied extensively but remained an experimental technology at the end of the century. * The [[big bang]] modél of [[cosmology]] was developed. * Inventions such as the [[washing machine]] and [[air conditioning]] led to an incréase in both the quantity and quality of [[leisure time]] for the [[middle class]] in Western societies. * Most influencing inventions in the 20th century: [[Antibiotics]], [[Internet]] * [[Timeline of invention#1900-1999|More...]] === Perang jeung pulitik === [[Gambar:WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikipedia_Article.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Warfare in the éarly 20th Century (1914-1918)'''<br />''Clockwise from top:'' [[front line]] [[Trench warfare|Trenches]], a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[Mark I (tank)|Mark I Tank]] crossing a trench, the [[Royal Navy]] [[battleship]] [[HMS Irresistible (1898)|HMS Irresistible]] sinking after striking a [[Naval mine|mine]] at the [[battle of the Dardanelles]], a [[Vickers machine gun]] crew with [[gas mask]]s and a [[Sopwith Camel]] [[biplane]].]] * Rising [[nationalism]] and incréasing national awareness were among the causes of [[World War I]], the first of two wars to involve all the major world powers including [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Jepang]], the [[United States]] and the [[British Commonwealth]]. World War I led to the création of many new countries, especially in [[Eastern Europe]]. * The economic and political aftermath of World War I led to the rise of [[Fascism]] and [[Nazism]] in Europe, and shortly to [[World War II]]. This war also involved Asia and the Pacific, in the form of [[Jepang|Japanese]] aggression against [[China]] and the United States. While the First World War mainly cost lives among soldiers, civilians suffered gréatly in the Second—from the bombing of cities on both sides, and in the unprecedented German [[genocide]] of the [[Jew]]s and others, known as the [[Holocaust]]. * Unhappiness in [[Russia]] led to the rise of [[Communism]] and the [[Russian Revolution]]. After the [[Soviet Union]]'s involvement in World War II, Communism became a major force in global politics, spréading all over the world: notably, to éastern [[Europe]], [[China]], [[Indochina]] and [[Cuba]]. This led to the [[Cold War]] with [[The West|the western world]], led by the [[United States]]. * The "fall of Communism" in the late [[1980s]] left the [[United States]] as the world's only [[superpower]]. It also led to the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] into successor states, many rife with [[ethnic nationalism]]. * Through the [[League of Nations]] and, after [[World War II]], the [[United Nations]], international cooperation incréased. Other efforts included the formation of the [[European Union]], léading to a common currency in much of [[Western Europe]], the [[euro]]. * The end of [[colonialism]] led to the independence of many nagara di [[Afrika]] jeung [[Asia]]. During the Cold War, many of these aligned with the USA, the USSR, or China for defense. * The création of [[Israel]], a [[Jew]]ish state in a mostly [[Arab]] region of the world, fueled many conflicts in the region, which were also influenced by the vast [[oil]] fields in many of the [[Arab]] countries. === Five overall largest mass killings of the 20th century === (méasured in numbers of péople killed; also see [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/misc/misery.html]) * [[World War II]] and regime of [[Adolf Hitler]] (1937-1945), over 50 million déad, including the [[Holocaust]], killing two-thirds of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] population of Europe (6&nbsp;million). * Regime of [[Mao Zedong]] and [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] famine (1949-1976), over 28 million déad. * Regime of [[Joseph Stalin]] (1924-1953), over 20 million déad. * [[World War I]] (1914-1918), over 15 million déad. * [[Russian Civil War]] (1918-1921), over 8.5 million déad. === Budaya jeung hiburan === [[Gambar:Film reel and film.jpg|thumb|250px|"[[Film]]" refers to the celluloid media on which motion pictures reside]] * [[Cinema|Movies]], [[music]] and the [[medium|media]] had a major influence on [[fashion]] and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the [[United States]], American culture spréad rapidly over the world. * After gaining political rights in the [[United States]] and much of [[Europe]] in the first part of the century, women became more independent throughout the century. * modérn art developed new styles such as [[expressionism]], [[cubism]], and [[surrealism]]. * The [[automobile]] provided vastly incréased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the éarly to mid-century, spréading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a léading symbol of modérn society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles. * [[Sport]]s became an important part of society, becoming an activity not only for the privileged. Watching sports, later also on [[television]], became a popular activity. ==== Highest grossing films of the 20th century ==== # [[Titanic (1997 movie)|Titanic]] (1997) # [[Star Wars]] (1977) # [[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]] (1999) # [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]] (1982) # [[Jurassic Park]] (1993) ==== Most critically acclaimed films ==== * [[Battleship Potemkin]] (1925) * [[Citizen Kane]] (1941) * [[Psycho]] (1960) * [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 movie)|The Wizard of Oz]] (1939) * [[2001: A Space Odyssey]] (1968) * [[The Godfather]] (1972) * [[It's a Wonderful Life]] (1946) === Disease and medicine === * Though modérn medicine is better than ever, an [[influenza]] pandemic kills 25 million in [[1918]]-[[1919]] (the [[Spanish Flu]]), while [[AIDS]], killing many remains incurable and tréatments remain too expensive for wide use in [[developing countries]]. * Advances in [[medicine]], such as the invention of [[antibiotic]]s, decréased the number of péople dying from diséases. [[Contraceptive]] drugs and [[organ transplantation]] were developed. The discovery of [[DNA]] molecules and the advent of [[molecular biology]] allowed for [[cloning]] and [[genetic engineering]]. === Natural resources and the environment === * The widespréad use of [[petroleum]] in industry—both as a chemical precursor to [[plastic]]s and as a fuel for the [[automobile]] and [[airplane]]—led to the vital géopolitical importance of petroleum resources. The [[Middle East]], home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of géopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century. * A vast incréase in [[fossil fuel]] consumption léads to depletion of natural resources, while [[air pollution]] possibly léads to [[global warming]] and the [[ozone hole]]. The problem is incréased by world-wide [[deforestation]], also causing a loss of [[biodiversity]]. The problem of a depletion of natural resources is decréased by advances in drilling technology which led to a net incréase in the amount of fossil fuel that is réadily obtainable at the end of the century, as compared with the amount considered obtainable at the beginning of the century. == Significant people == === Pamingpin dunya === * [[Afrika]] ** [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]], [[Togo]] ** [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] ** [[Kenneth Kaunda]], [[Zambia]] ** [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Kenya]] ** [[Idi Amin]], [[Uganda]] ** [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Zimbabwe]] ** [[Gamal Abdal Nasser|Gamal Abdel Nasser]], [[Mesir]] ** [[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[Ghana]] ** [[Julius Nyerere]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Habib Bourguiba]], [[Tunisia]] ** Colonel [[Moammar Al Qadhafi|Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Libya]] ** [[Cecil Rhodes]], [[Afrika Kidul]] ** [[Haile Selassie]], [[Étiopia]] ** [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]], [[Senegal]] ** [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]], [[Guinea]] * [[Amérika]] ** [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], [[AS]] ** [[Dwight Eisenhower]], [[AS]] ** [[John F. Kennedy]], [[AS]] ** [[Richard Nixon]], [[AS]] ** [[Ronald Reagan]], [[AS]] ** [[Bill Clinton]], [[AS]] ** [[George H. W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[George W. Bush]], [[AS]] ** [[Wilfrid Laurier]], [[Kanada]] ** [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Pierre Trudeau]], [[Kanada]] ** [[Che Guevara|Ernesto 'Che' Guevara]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Fidel Castro]], [[Kuba]] ** [[Juan Peron|Juan Perón]], [[Argentina]] ** [[Salvador Allende]], [[Chili]] ** [[Augusto Pinochet]], [[Chili]] ** [[Emiliano Zápata]], [[Meksiko]] ** [[Pancho Villa]], [[Meksiko]] * [[Asia]] ** [[Mao Zedong]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Pol Pot]], [[Cambodia]] ** [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Indira Gandhi]], [[India]] ** [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Pakistan]] ** [[Mahathir Mohamad]], [[Malaysia]] ** [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[India]] ** [[Kaisar Hirohito]], [[Jepang]] ** [[Ho Chi Minh]], [[Vietnam]] ** [[Sun Yat-sen]], [[Republik Rahayat Cina]] ** [[Chiang Kai-shek]], [[Republik Cina]] ** Achmad [[Sukarno]], [[Indonesia]] ** [[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Singapura]] * [[Eropa]] ** [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[Turki]] ** [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Winston Churchill]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Charles de Gaulle]], [[Prancis]] ** [[Eamon de Valera]], [[Republik Irlandia|Irlandia]] ** [[Franz Ferdinand, Archduke Austria]], [[Austria-Hungaria]] ** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Václav Havel]], [[Républik Céko]] ** [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Schmidt]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Helmut Kohl]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Gerhard Schröder]], [[Jerman]] ** [[Benito Mussolini]], [[Itali]] ** [[Francisco Franco]], [[Spanyol]] ** [[Jozef Pilsudski]], [[Polandia]] ** [[Josip Broz Tito|Josip Broz 'Tito']], [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] ** [[Milan Kucan|Milan Kučan]], [[Slovenia]] ** [[Olof Palme]], [[Swedia]] ** [[Nicolae Ceausescu]], [[Romania]] ** [[Lech Walesa]], [[Polandia]] ** [[John Paul II]], [[Dunya]] * [[Wétan Tengah]] ** [[Abdul Nasser]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[Anwar Sadat]], [[Mesir]] atawa [[United Arab Republic]] ** [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Israel]] ** [[Golda Meir]], [[Israel]] ** [[Menachem Begin]], [[Israel]] ** [[Hafez el Assad]], [[Syria]] ** [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Irak]] ** [[King Hussein]], [[Yordania]] * [[Rusia]] jeung [[Uni Soviet]] ** [[Czar Nicholas II]] ** [[Vladimir Lenin]] ** [[Joseph Stalin]] ** [[Leon Trotsky]] ** [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ** [[Leonid Brezhnev]] ** [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] ** [[Boris Yeltsin]] ** [[Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin]] === Scientists === * [[Niels Bohr]] * [[Albert Einstein]] * [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Howard Walter Florey]] * [[Sigmund Freud]] * [[Kurt Gödel]] * [[Fritz Haber]] * [[Werner Karl Heisenberg]] * [[Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov]] * [[Linus Pauling]] * [[Erwin Schrödinger]] * [[John von Neumann]] * [[Alan Turing]] === Economics and business === * [[John Maynard Keynes]] * [[John Kenneth Galbraith]] * [[Milton Friedman]] * [[Henry Ford]] * [[Thomas J. Watson]] * [[Bill Gates]] === Aerospace pioneers === * [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]] * [[Wernher Von Braun]] * [[Neil Armstrong]] * [[Louis Bleriot]] * [[Yuri Gagarin]] * [[Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov]] * [[Freddie Laker]] * [[Charles Lindbergh]] * [[Ronald E. McNair|Ron McNair]] * [[Ellison S. Onizuka|Ellison Onizuka]] * [[Herman Potocnik|Herman Potočnik Noordung]] * [[Alan Shepard]] * [[Valentina Tereshkova]] * [[Wright Brothers]] === Military leaders === * [[Charles de Gaulle]] * [[Dwight Eisenhower]] * Sir [[Bernard Freyberg]] * [[Douglas Haig]] * [[Douglas MacArthur]] * [[Rudolf Maister]] * [[Bernard Montgomery]] * [[Chester Nimitz]] * [[George Patton]] * [[Erwin Rommel]] * [[Franc Rozman Stane]] * [[Leon Trotsky]] * [[Mao Zedong]] * [[Georgy Zhukov]] === Religious figures === * [[Grigori Rasputin]] * [[Pope John XXIII]] * [[Pope John Paul II]] * [[Mother Theresa]] of [[Calcutta]] * The 13th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Thubten Gyatso]] * The 14th [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]], [[Tenzin Gyatso]] * The Rev. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] * The Rev. [[Billy Graham]] * [[Mohandas Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] * [[Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta]] === Artists === * [[Constatin Brancusi]] * [[George Braque]] * [[Salvador Dalí]] * [[Marcel Duchamp]] * [[Jacob Epstein]] * [[Juan Gris]] * [[Wassily Kandinsky]] * [[Henri Matisse]] * [[Joan Miró]] * [[Amedeo Modigliani]] * [[Piet Mondrian]] * [[Henry Moore]] * [[Pablo Picasso]] * [[Jackson Pollock]] * [[Andy Warhol]] === Entertainers === * [[The Beatles]] * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Bob Marley]] * [[Charlie Chaplin]] * [[Charlie Parker]] * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Groucho Marx]] * [[Jimi Hendrix]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Lucille Ball]] * [[Marilyn Monroe]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Pink Floyd]] * [[Queen (band)]] * [[Spike Jones]] * [[Spike Milligan]] * [[The Velvet Underground]] === Writers and poets === * [[Louis Aragon]] * [[Samuel Beckett]] * [[Jorge Luis Borges]] * [[André Breton]] * [[Basil Bunting]] * [[Albert Camus]] * [[Noam Chomsky]] * [[Cid Corman]] * [[Hart Crane]] * [[Robert Creeley]] * [[e. e. cummings]] * [[T. S. Eliot]] * [[Paul Eluard]] * [[William Faulkner]] * [[Gabriel García Márquez]] * [[Allen Ginsberg]] * [[Alamgir Hashmi]] * [[Seamus Heaney]] * [[Ernest Hemingway]] * [[H.D.]] * [[Orrick Johns]] * [[James Joyce]] * [[Franz Kafka]] * [[Jack Kerouac]] * [[Philip Larkin]] * [[Mina Loy]] * [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] * [[Antonio Machado]] * [[Andre Malraux]] * [[Marianne Moore]] * [[Sean O'Casey]] * [[Charles Olson]] * [[George Oppen]] * [[George Orwell]] * [[Ezra Pound]] * [[Marcel Proust]] * [[Thomas Pynchon]] * [[Ayn Rand]] * [[Charles Reznikoff]] * [[Dorothy Richardson]] * [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] * [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] * [[Gary Snyder]] * [[Gertrude Stein]] * [[Wallace Stevens]] * [[John Millington Synge]] * [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] * [[William Carlos Williams]] * [[Virginia Woolf]] * [[W. B. Yeats]] * [[Louis Zukofsky]] === Sports figures === * [[Babe Ruth]] * [[Muhammad Ali]] * [[Wilfred Benitez]] * [[Larry Bird]] * Sir [[Donald Bradman]] * [[Roberto Clemente]] * [[Fausto Coppi]] * [[Angel Cordero]] * [[Wilfredo Gomez]] * [[Wayne Gretzky]] * Sir [[Edmund Hillary]] * [[Magic Johnson]] * [[Michael Jordan]] * [[Martina Navratilova]] * [[Diego Maradona]] * [[Jack Nicklaus]] * [[Pelé]] * [[Jackie Robinson]] * [[Martin Strel]] * [[Mark Todd (NZ)|Mark Todd]] * [[Mike Tyson]] * [[Ted Williams]] === Notorious figures === * [[Adolf Hitler]] * [[Saddam Hussein]] * [[Joseph Goebbels]] * [[Osama bin Laden]] * [[Timothy McVeigh]] * [[Charles Manson]] * [[Harold Shipman]] * [[Josef Stalin]] * [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] == Decades and years == {{DekadeJeungTaun1|20}} {{Abad}} [[Kategori:Abad jeung Dékadeu]] 6j2j0vrvrtdzll65potjzzq4xy3fgvz 0 2170 630747 630745 2022-08-27T03:25:48Z 115.178.249.155 /* Hadiah Nobel */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taun nav|2003}} {{C21TaunDumasarJejer}} {{TaunDinaKalenderSejen}} '''2003''' ('''[[Angka Romawi|MMIII]]''') mangrupa [[taun biasa nu dimimitian poé Rebo]] dina [[kalénder Gregori]]. [[Januari]] - 28 [[Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Donald Knuth]] elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. == Hadiah Nobel == '''[[Hadiah Nobel widang kimia]]:''' [[Peter Agre]], [[Roderick MacKinnon]], pikeun papanggihanana ngeunaan kanal na [[mémbran sél]] '''Élmu ékonomi:''' [[Robert Engle]] jeung [[Clive Granger]], for work on analysing economic time series. - [[Statistika ékonomi]] ---- {| class="infobox" style="text-align: center;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-3]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-20]] * '''[[Abad ka-21]]''' * [[Abad ka-22]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1980-an]] * [[1990-an]] * '''[[2000-an]]''' * [[2010-an]] * [[2020-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[2000]] * [[2001]] * [[2002]] * '''[[2003]]''' * [[2004]] * [[2005]] * [[2006]] |} {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; border-collapse: collapse;" |- | style="width: 6%; text-align: left;" | Taun: | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #f4f4f4;" | [[1998]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #eaeaea;" | [[1999]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #dfdfdf;" | [[2000]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #d5d5d5;" | [[2001]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #cacaca;" | [[2002]] | style="width: 14%; font-size: 119%; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 50%; background: #c0c0c0;" | [[2003]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #cacaca;" | [[2004]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #d5d5d5;" | [[2005]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #dfdfdf;" | [[2006]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #eaeaea;" | [[2007]] | style="width: 8%; border-radius: 50%; background: #f4f4f4;" | [[2008]] |} {{Commonscat|2003}} {{Kajadian perbulan}} {{Kalender-pondok}} do15yrd0twqc4p77hn1hb0k23ughgsw 630748 630747 2022-08-27T03:28:47Z 115.178.249.155 /* Hadiah Nobel */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taun nav|2003}} {{C21TaunDumasarJejer}} {{TaunDinaKalenderSejen}} '''2003''' ('''[[Angka Romawi|MMIII]]''') mangrupa [[taun biasa nu dimimitian poé Rebo]] dina [[kalénder Gregori]]. [[Januari]] - 28 [[Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Donald Knuth]] elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. == Hadiah Nobel == '''[[Hadiah Nobel widang kimia]]:''' [[Peter Agre]], [[Roderick MacKinnon]], pikeun papanggihanana ngeunaan kanal na [[mémbran sél]] '''Élmu ékonomi:''' [[Robert Engle]] jeung [[Clive Granger]], for work on analysing economic time series. - [[Statistika ékonomi]] ---- {| class="infobox" style="text-align: center;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-3]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-20]] * '''[[Abad ka-21]]''' * [[Abad ka-22]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1980-an]] * [[1990-an]] * '''[[2000-an]]''' * [[2010-an]] * [[2020-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[2000]] * [[2001]] * [[2002]] * '''[[2003]]''' * [[2004]] * [[2005]] * [[2006]] |} {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; border-collapse: collapse;" |- | style="width: 6%; text-align: left;" | Taun: [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]] [[2001]] [[2002]] '''[[2003]]''' [[2004]] [[2005]] [[2006]] [[2007]] [[2008]] |} {{Commonscat|2003}} {{Kajadian perbulan}} {{Kalender-pondok}} qobga2hs8ggxkocaso8iyshfo2rxa5r 630749 630748 2022-08-27T03:34:02Z 115.178.249.155 /* Hadiah Nobel */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taun nav|2003}} {{C21TaunDumasarJejer}} {{TaunDinaKalenderSejen}} '''2003''' ('''[[Angka Romawi|MMIII]]''') mangrupa [[taun biasa nu dimimitian poé Rebo]] dina [[kalénder Gregori]]. [[Januari]] - 28 [[Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Donald Knuth]] elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. == Hadiah Nobel == '''[[Hadiah Nobel widang kimia]]:''' [[Peter Agre]], [[Roderick MacKinnon]], pikeun papanggihanana ngeunaan kanal na [[mémbran sél]] '''Élmu ékonomi:''' [[Robert Engle]] jeung [[Clive Granger]], for work on analysing economic time series. - [[Statistika ékonomi]] ---- {| class="infobox" style="text-align: center;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-3]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-20]] * '''[[Abad ka-21]]''' * [[Abad ka-22]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1980-an]] * [[1990-an]] * '''[[2000-an]]''' * [[2010-an]] * [[2020-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[2000]] * [[2001]] * [[2002]] * '''[[2003]]''' * [[2004]] * [[2005]] * [[2006]] |} {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; border-collapse: collapse;" |- | style="width: 6%; text-align: left;" | [[Abad]]: [[Abad ka-20|1900]] '''[[Abad ka-21|2000]]''' |- | style="width: 6%; text-align: left;" | Taun: [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]] [[2001]] [[2002]] '''[[2003]]''' [[2004]] [[2005]] [[2006]] [[2007]] [[2008]] |} {{Commonscat|2003}} {{Kajadian perbulan}} {{Kalender-pondok}} jfld1is6a9s870qjb4ltdvu4i6evy0z 630750 630749 2022-08-27T03:37:41Z 115.178.249.155 /* Hadiah Nobel */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taun nav|2003}} {{C21TaunDumasarJejer}} {{TaunDinaKalenderSejen}} '''2003''' ('''[[Angka Romawi|MMIII]]''') mangrupa [[taun biasa nu dimimitian poé Rebo]] dina [[kalénder Gregori]]. [[Januari]] - 28 [[Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Donald Knuth]] elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. == Hadiah Nobel == '''[[Hadiah Nobel widang kimia]]:''' [[Peter Agre]], [[Roderick MacKinnon]], pikeun papanggihanana ngeunaan kanal na [[mémbran sél]] '''Élmu ékonomi:''' [[Robert Engle]] jeung [[Clive Granger]], for work on analysing economic time series. - [[Statistika ékonomi]] ---- {| class="infobox" style="text-align: center;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-3]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-20]] * '''[[Abad ka-21]]''' * [[Abad ka-22]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1980-an]] * [[1990-an]] * '''[[2000-an]]''' * [[2010-an]] * [[2020-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[2000]] * [[2001]] * [[2002]] * '''[[2003]]''' * [[2004]] * [[2005]] * [[2006]] |} {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; border-collapse: collapse;" |- | style="width: 6%; text-align: left;" | [[Abad]]: [[Abad ka-16|1500]] [[Abad ka-17|1600]] [[Abad ka-18|1700]] [[Abad ka-19|1800]] [[Abad ka-20|1900]] '''[[Abad ka-21|2000]]''' [[Abad ka-22|2100]] [[Abad ka-23|2200]] [[Abad ka-24|2300]] [[Abad ka-25|2400]] [[Abad ka-26|2500]] |- | style="width: 6%; text-align: left;" | Taun: [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]] [[2001]] [[2002]] '''[[2003]]''' [[2004]] [[2005]] [[2006]] [[2007]] [[2008]] |} {{Commonscat|2003}} {{Kajadian perbulan}} {{Kalender-pondok}} 75flin64sd6ln5pt9848haezimy3epv 0 17781 630752 629110 2022-08-27T09:32:07Z 115.178.249.137 /* Kajadian */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{dasawarsa|d=192|a=20}} == Kajadian == {| class="infobox" style="text-align: center;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * '''[[1920-an]]''' * [[1930-an]] * [[1940-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1920]] * [[1921]] * [[1922]] * '''[[1923]]''' * [[1924]] * [[1925]] * [[1926]] |} == Nu babar == == Nu pupus == rokv7a5zuhrdnwceil0ctnexrcphu3x 630753 630752 2022-08-27T09:38:17Z 115.178.249.137 /* Kajadian */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{dasawarsa|d=192|a=20}} == Kajadian == {| class="infobox" style="text-align: center;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * '''[[1920-an]]''' * [[1930-an]] * [[1940-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1920]] * [[1921]] {{hlist}} * [[1922]] * [[1923]] {{hlist}} * [[1924]] * [[1925]] {{hlist}} * [[1926]] * [[1927]] {{hlist}} * [[1928]] * [[1929]] |} == Nu babar == == Nu pupus == 6is4w9p4fql0nvgqxcyfuwpbvwvtlyz 630754 630753 2022-08-27T09:43:24Z 115.178.249.137 /* Kajadian */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{dasawarsa|d=192|a=20}} == Kajadian == {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 80%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * '''[[1920-an]]''' * [[1930-an]] * [[1940-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1920]] * [[1921]] * [[1922]] * [[1923]] * [[1924]] {{hlist}} * [[1925]] * [[1926]] * [[1927]] * [[1928]] * [[1929]] |} == Nu babar == == Nu pupus == en0ztenqb6lo7etngkyq27hqe3jk4ja 630755 630754 2022-08-27T09:47:31Z 115.178.249.137 /* Kajadian */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{dasawarsa|d=192|a=20}} == Kajadian == {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 80%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * '''[[1920-an]]''' * [[1930-an]] * [[1940-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1920]] * [[1921]] * [[1922]] * [[1923]] * [[1924]] * [[1925]] * [[1926]] {{hlist}} * [[1927]] * [[1928]] * [[1929]] |} == Nu babar == == Nu pupus == r9oiojrnt3fe7h6oql1l0xdudk9qnpe 630756 630755 2022-08-27T09:48:39Z 115.178.249.137 /* Kajadian */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{dasawarsa|d=192|a=20}} == Kajadian == {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 109%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * '''[[1920-an]]''' * [[1930-an]] * [[1940-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1920]] * [[1921]] * [[1922]] * [[1923]] * [[1924]] {{hlist}} * [[1925]] * [[1926]] * [[1927]] * [[1928]] * [[1929]] |} == Nu babar == == Nu pupus == 40olifn1wcrfip5tzjy87g624n7mz34 630757 630756 2022-08-27T09:54:26Z 115.178.249.137 /* Kajadian */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{dasawarsa|d=192|a=20}} == Kajadian == {| width="650px" style="text-align: center; font-size: 109%; border-collapse: collapse;" ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Milénium]]: | [[Milénium ka-2]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar abad|Abad]]: | class="hlist" | * [[Abad ka-19]] * '''[[Abad ka-20]]''' * [[Abad ka-21]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1900-an]] * [[1910-an]] * '''[[1920-an]]''' * [[1930-an]] * [[1940-an]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | [[Daptar taun|Taun]]: | class="hlist" | * [[1920]] * [[1921]] * [[1922]] * [[1923]] * [[1924]] * [[1925]] * [[1926]] * [[1927]] * [[1928]] * [[1929]] |} == Nu babar == == Nu pupus == ewrabghr4w5gc1mr3hdf00iqdnpkdsy 0 17783 630751 630472 2022-08-27T09:29:20Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dasawarsa|d=190|a=20}} == Kajadian == === Nu ngadeg === * [[1901]]: [[Australia]] ngadeg == Nu babar == == Nu pupus == oahqn5tqy4c5v9v12dd5khdhujb52up 10 21149 630765 630562 2022-08-27T10:14:48Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ----------- Citakan navigasi taun ti 1 SM & sateuacanna ---------------- (see NOTES below) --> {| class="infobox" |- style="text-align:center;background-color:#f3f3f3" | align=right | <small>'''[[Daptar abad|Abad]]:''' </small> | align=center | <small><!-- --> [[abad ka-{{#expr: (({{{1|888}}} - 1) - (({{{1|888}}} - 1) mod 100)) <!-- --> /100 + 2}} SM]] </small> <!-- century before --> - '''[[abad ka-{{#expr: (({{{1|888}}} - 1) - (({{{1|888}}} - 1) mod 100))<!-- --> /100 + 1}} SM]]''' - <!-- century now --> <small>{{#ifexpr: <!-- check century A.D. --> {{{1|888}}} < 101 | [[abad ka-1]] |<!-- year under 101, else line below --> [[abad ka-{{#expr: (({{{1|888}}} - 1) - (({{{1|888}}} - 1) mod 100))<!-- --> /100 + 0}} SM]] <!-- century ahead --> }} </small> <!-- end-if --> |- | align=right | <small>'''[[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]:'''</small> | align=center | <small> <!-- --------------------- List Decades --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10)) +30}}-an SM]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10)) +20}}-an SM]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10)) +10}}-an SM]] -<!-- --> </small> <!-- end small font, decade-now large font --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10))}}-an SM]]<!-- decade now --> <small>-<!-- other decades small --> [[{{#switch: <!-- decade 10-years later --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 10}}<!-- --> |-30=20-an |-20=10-an |-10=0-an |<!-- choose, else line below --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 10}}-an SM<!-- --> }}]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#switch: <!-- decade 20-years later --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 20}}<!-- --> |-30=20-an |-20=10-an |-10=0-an |<!-- choose, else line below --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 20}}-an SM<!-- --> }}]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#switch: <!-- decade 30-years later --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 30}}<!-- --> |-30=20-an |-20=10-an |-10=0-an |<!-- choose, else line below --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 30}}-an SM<!-- --> }}]]&nbsp;<!-- --> </small> |-style="background-color:#f3f3f3" | align="right" | <small>'''[[Daptar taun|Taun]]:'''</small> | align="center" | <!-- ------------------------------ List Years --> [[{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 3}} SM|{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 3}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> [[{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 2}} SM|{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 2}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> [[{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 1}} SM|{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 1}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> - '''[[{{{1|888}}} SM]]''' -<!-- --> {{#switch: <!-- year of one-year later --> {{#expr: {{{1|888}}} - 1}} <!-- For year-1, --> | -3=[[4]] <!-- matches -3 (error), or... --> | -2=&nbsp;[[3]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -2, or... --> | -1=&nbsp;[[2]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -1, or... --> | 0=&nbsp;[[1]] <small>M</small> | <!-- is 0, else... --> [[{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-1}} SM|{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-1}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> }}<!-- --> {{#switch: <!-- year of 2-years later --> {{#expr: {{{1|888}}} - 2}} <!-- For year-2, --> | -3=[[4]] <!-- matches -3 (error), or... --> | -2=&nbsp;[[3]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -2, or... --> | -1=&nbsp;[[2]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -1, or... --> | 0=&nbsp;[[1]] <small>M</small> | <!-- is 0, else... --> [[{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-2}} SM|{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-2}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> }}<!-- --> {{#switch: <!-- year of 3-years later --> {{#expr: {{{1|888}}} - 3}} <!-- For year-3, --> | -3=[[4]] <!-- matches -3 (error), or... --> | -2=&nbsp;[[3]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -2, or... --> | -1=&nbsp;[[2]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -1, or... --> | 0=&nbsp;[[1]] <small>M</small> | <!-- is 0, else... --> [[{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-3}} SM|{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-3}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> }}<!-- --> |}<noinclude> <!------------------------------------ (non-included section below) NOTES: - This template uses expressions (#expr) to calculate centuries, decades, and year numbers surrounding the year parameter. - The parameter argument is just a number, without "SM" code. - Years are handled as positive numbers, adding "SM" on display. - Variables are not used, as they were not a supported feature (when this template was created), so calculations are repeated, such as the decade base re-calculated 7 times. Computer math is very fast, so the main problem is readability clutter of repeated expressions. - How #ifexpr works: {{#ifexpr: a<b | true-part| false-part}} ------------------------------------- --> ==Result== : Live result for default year "888" at right: ==Usage== Takes one parameter: year-number (as 1 or earlier), with '''''optional''''' "SM" or "SME" code.<br> The box width shrinks 20% for smaller or one-digit years. :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|970}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|970}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|1100}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|1110}} :: Parameter "[[1100 SM]]" works with "SM" ignored. {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|101}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|101}} :: Parameter as "101 SME" works, "SME" ignored. {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|100}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|100}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|3}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|3}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|2}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|2}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|1}}" [minimum] below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|1}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|1263}}"</nowiki> [<FONT color=orange>invalid</FONT>] below:</code> {{Year nav SM|1263}} {{-}} {{Year nav SM|76412099}} :: For year [[10]] CE or above, use: <nowiki></nowiki>, :: For years [[1]]-[[100]] (CE), use: <nowiki>{{Year nav 1st century CE|1}}</nowiki>. [[Category:Kotak navigasi sajarah]] [[bn:টেমপ্লেট:Year nav BC]] [[br:Patrom:Bloaz nav kjk]] [[en:Template:Year nav BC]] [[ta:வார்ப்புரு:Year nav BC]] [[zh:Template:YearTOC]] </noinclude> igwq0dpybd1062novyhy7u7slosyb58 630766 630765 2022-08-27T10:17:48Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ----------- Citakan navigasi taun ti 1 SM & sateuacanna ---------------- (see NOTES below) --> {| class="infobox" |- style="text-align:center;background-color:#f3f3f3" | align=right | <small>'''[[Daptar abad|Abad]]:''' </small> | align=center | <small><!-- --> [[abad ka-{{#expr: (({{{1|888}}} - 1) - (({{{1|888}}} - 1) mod 100)) <!-- --> /100 + 2}} SM]] </small> <!-- century before --> - '''[[abad ka-{{#expr: (({{{1|888}}} - 1) - (({{{1|888}}} - 1) mod 100))<!-- --> /100 + 1}} SM]]''' - <!-- century now --> <small>{{#ifexpr: <!-- check century A.D. --> {{{1|888}}} < 101 | [[abad ka-1]] |<!-- year under 101, else line below --> [[abad ka-{{#expr: (({{{1|888}}} - 1) - (({{{1|888}}} - 1) mod 100))<!-- --> /100 + 0}} SM]] <!-- century ahead --> }} </small> <!-- end-if --> |- | align=right | <small>'''[[Daptar dékade|Dékade]]:'''</small> | align=center | <small> <!-- --------------------- List Decades --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10)) +30}}-an SM]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10)) +20}}-an SM]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10)) +10}}-an SM]] -<!-- --> </small> <!-- end small font, decade-now large font --> [[{{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}} mod 10))}}-an SM]]<!-- decade now --> <small>-<!-- other decades small --> [[{{#switch: <!-- decade 10-years later --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 10}}<!-- --> |-30=20-an |-20=10-an |-10=0-an |<!-- choose, else line below --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 10}}-an SM<!-- --> }}]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#switch: <!-- decade 20-years later --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 20}}<!-- --> |-30=20-an |-20=10-an |-10=0-an |<!-- choose, else line below --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 20}}-an SM<!-- --> }}]]&nbsp;<!-- --> [[{{#switch: <!-- decade 30-years later --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 30}}<!-- --> |-30=20-an |-20=10-an |-10=0-an |<!-- choose, else line below --> {{#expr: ({{{1|888}}} - ({{{1|888}}}) mod 10) - 30}}-an SM<!-- --> }}]]&nbsp;<!-- --> </small> |-style="background-color:#f3f3f3" | align="right" | <small>'''[[Daptar taun|Taun]]:'''</small> | align="center" | <!-- ------------------------------ List Years --> [[{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 3}} SM|{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 3}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> [[{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 2}} SM|{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 2}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> [[{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 1}} SM|{{#expr: {{{1|888}}} + 1}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> - '''[[{{{1|888}}} SM]]''' -<!-- --> {{#switch: <!-- year of one-year later --> {{#expr: {{{1|888}}} - 1}} <!-- For year-1, --> | -3=[[4]] <!-- matches -3 (error), or... --> | -2=&nbsp;[[3]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -2, or... --> | -1=&nbsp;[[2]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -1, or... --> | 0=&nbsp;[[1]] <small>M</small> | <!-- is 0, else... --> [[{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-1}} SM|{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-1}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> }}<!-- --> {{#switch: <!-- year of 2-years later --> {{#expr: {{{1|888}}} - 2}} <!-- For year-2, --> | -3=[[4]] <!-- matches -3 (error), or... --> | -2=&nbsp;[[3]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -2, or... --> | -1=&nbsp;[[2]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -1, or... --> | 0=&nbsp;[[1]] <small>M</small> | <!-- is 0, else... --> [[{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-2}} SM|{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-2}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> }}<!-- --> {{#switch: <!-- year of 3-years later --> {{#expr: {{{1|888}}} - 3}} <!-- For year-3, --> | -3=[[4]] <!-- matches -3 (error), or... --> | -2=&nbsp;[[3]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -2, or... --> | -1=&nbsp;[[2]] <small>M</small> <!-- is -1, or... --> | 0=&nbsp;[[1]] <small>M</small> | <!-- is 0, else... --> [[{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-3}} SM|{{#expr:{{{1|888}}}-3}} <small>SM]]<!-- --> }}<!-- --> |}<noinclude> <!------------------------------------ (non-included section below) NOTES: - This template uses expressions (#expr) to calculate centuries, decades, and year numbers surrounding the year parameter. - The parameter argument is just a number, without "SM" code. - Years are handled as positive numbers, adding "SM" on display. - Variables are not used, as they were not a supported feature (when this template was created), so calculations are repeated, such as the decade base re-calculated 7 times. Computer math is very fast, so the main problem is readability clutter of repeated expressions. - How #ifexpr works: {{#ifexpr: a<b | true-part| false-part}} ------------------------------------- --> ==Result== : Live result for default year "888" at right: ==Usage== Takes one parameter: year-number (as 1 or earlier), with '''''optional''''' "SM" or "SME" code.<br> The box width shrinks 20% for smaller or one-digit years. :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|970}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|970}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|1100}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|1110}} :: Parameter "[[1100 SM]]" works with "SM" ignored. {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|101}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|101}} :: Parameter as "101 SME" works, "SME" ignored. {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|100}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|100}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|3}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|3}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|2}}" below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|2}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|1}}" [minimum] below:</nowiki></code> {{Year nav SM|1}} {{-}} :<code><nowiki>Example for "{{Year nav SM|1263}}"</nowiki> [<FONT color=orange>invalid</FONT>] below:</code> {{Year nav SM|1263}} {{-}} {{Year nav SM|27181640}} :: For year [[10]] CE or above, use: <nowiki></nowiki>, :: For years [[1]]-[[100]] (CE), use: <nowiki>{{Year nav 1st century CE|1}}</nowiki>. [[Category:Kotak navigasi sajarah]] [[bn:টেমপ্লেট:Year nav BC]] [[br:Patrom:Bloaz nav kjk]] [[en:Template:Year nav BC]] [[ta:வார்ப்புரு:Year nav BC]] [[zh:Template:YearTOC]] </noinclude> b6djg3xtde4ucc779xkp1eatpv1e6wd 0 23036 630758 630637 2022-08-27T09:58:58Z 115.178.249.137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abad ka-2''' nyaéta [[abad]] nu lumangsung antara [[taun]] [[101]] tepi ka [[200]] [[Maséhi]], atawa ti [[dasawarsa]] [[100-an]] tepi ka [[190-an]] dina [[kalénder Gregorian]]. == Kajadian == === Dasawarsa 100-an === === Dasawarsa [[110-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[120-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[130-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[140-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[150-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[160-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[170-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[180-an]] === === Dasawarsa [[190-an]] === == Inohong penting == == Pamanggihan == == Dasawarsa jeung taun == {{DecadesAndYears||1|2}} {{Abad}} == Tempo ogé == * [[Kalénder kajadian]] == Rujukan == {{kalender-pondok}} [[Kategori:Abad jeung Dékadeu|2]] [[Kategori:Abad ka-2|2]] ex1v9f7jklz2o74z3p3iwpwsu53j90p 0 62666 630767 529670 2022-08-27T11:45:57Z Tacpahdza 28060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kacamatan |nami=Kutasari |dati2=Kabupatén |nami dati2=Purbalingga |lega=32,28 km&sup2; |pangeusi=- |kalurahan=- |nami camat=- |kapadetan=- jiwa/km&sup2; |propinsi=Jawa Tengah |foto=File:Kantor kecamatan Kutasari, Purbalingga 2022 e1.jpg|caption=Kacamatan Kutasari}} '''Kutasari'' nyaéta salasahiji [[kacamatan]] di [[Kabupatén Purbalingga]], [[Propinsi]] [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].<ref>BPS Kabupaten Purbalingga. Kabupaten Purbalingga dalam Angka 2016. ISSN: 0215.6075</ref> <!-- ==Profil Pamaréntahan== ===Babagéan Administratif=== ===Sajarah=== ==Profil Daérah== ===Wates Wilayah=== ===Géografis=== ===Démografi=== ===Transportasi=== ==Poténsi== ===Pertanian=== ===Perkebunan=== ===Wisata===--> {{Kabupatén Purbalingga}} {{Kutasari, Purbalingga}} {{Kacamatan-pondok}} [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Jawa Tengah|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Kacamatan di Kabupatén Purbalingga|{{PAGENAME}}]] 4l3wz55dxw8fevg0o3a0mv4pnpe7jfn 0 103687 630746 630643 2022-08-26T17:32:32Z 36.72.172.223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Haddad''' '''Daulay''' Atanapi langkung dikenal salaku musisi terpercaya nalika anjeunna masih maén musik ti taun 2018 sareng dugi ka ayeuna anjeunna disebut ngaranna '''Alda Daulay''' sarta ti harita manéhna jadi [[musisi]] profésional sarta masih jadi andalan. {{Infobox person|name={{PAGENAME}}|image=Pemotretan Alda Daulay-2022.jpg|signature=TTD Alda Daulay.png|birth_name=Haddad Daulay|date_of_birth=(19 Januari 2002)umur 20|known for=Alda Daulay|occupation=[[ Musisi ]]|parents=Dani Muhari Daulay-(Ayah) Dewi Hartini Situmorang-(ibu)|image caption=Sebuah Pemotretan-2022}} Alda Pertama kali maén musik dimimitian ku gitar,sarta niat na di musik nyaéta pikeun jadi gitaris sarta anjeunna pursues sagala kaahlian profésional nurutkeun éta. sareng dina taun 2019 anjeunna barobah kaayaan janten drummer tapi dugi ka ayeuna anjeunna masih janten drummer. == Rujukan == * http://Situs&#x20;web [[Kategori:2002]] ry64kwtlhmf31dom903kbaxmimj32oh